232 lines
26 KiB
XML
232 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="CF475CB456F2DBB98B0A6F43196FAB9C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275008" ID-GBIF-Dataset="22dec5a8-3bff-4088-9b50-b4ba1ce5494d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275008" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461096238520" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Machado, Renato Jose Pires, Godoi, Fabio Siqueira P. & Rafael, José Albertino" docDate="2009" docId="3D3A87E4F15DFFD348B4C8FDFBDDFACC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02148p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2148" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Bittacus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="C103FF9CF159FFD74823C86AFF89FFC2" masterDocTitle="Neotropical Mecoptera (Insecta): New generic synonymies, new combinations, key to families and genera, and checklist of species" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698589357352" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="DDDC71BC1ACA67D18504065D220F3FD3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B11C7F8118258CC8D032967F2472F970">
|
||
<mods:title id="6BD7314BEC62A43E6CE2B8359638462D">Neotropical Mecoptera (Insecta): New generic synonymies, new combinations, key to families and genera, and checklist of species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="650307FE963695DAACF5608C4BB7CD4F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4866804D6EDE06169E25FDEEC0F72AD6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="669A9FF626106C406B9109E1A7B06072">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="361B5B46137864D1E8E3F52A3E9F327C">Machado, Renato Jose Pires</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D2424EA70DAA4994B88FC21567C35F96" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="38595A033BCD154B65F696DECC7421B4">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1E36C62B0474DCCB5B7E108A9F55AFB5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="80FEBE995168B3B6D3E424A7B58986BD">Godoi, Fabio Siqueira P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7608143FDD4CA750C554EEB6C1BE1B0C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5AFC7035256C96174C09DC4A74F22FFD">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3D9E5770E7150F1B4991491029FD7F5C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="36F0A2E4C54E103EC4E8C2518A4B884F">Rafael, José Albertino</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="809859AED0D56ED5170AD7A34B4F5675">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="3EA42D3231A1F25116B694D2BD95D206" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="533231401E6EACF945727F43678EB200">
|
||
<mods:title id="1488CCB2A3F7EAC8771C37514F6179C1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6999491B7AEE22FD8C8EAC67E86F0391">
|
||
<mods:date id="A420DA6A50DBB4FCA12428D6D256F9FB">2009</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6AAE71A37569DD7C7A2558ABB88D49FC" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="2866301DD2D43D321E64D512AB050863">2148</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="C344DACA75717E683B9CABEC39497CEC" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="CD1F3F88AB8C23316654D1BD731805F3">27</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="FED01892F41B4A3950506A13B27E4FC2">38</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="90249C6D87F84450C8E25906BCCCEAD5">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EA8A92FD469E292BB99A9E7A590DA4B1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275008</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="47A07A9934A53616592C9234F3C72700" type="GBIF-Dataset">22dec5a8-3bff-4088-9b50-b4ba1ce5494d</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="08080253877EA5747D8A360049364929" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F23FE0BC6F10DA564D807966583F309F" type="Zenodo-Dep">275008</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="3D3A87E4F15DFFD348B4C8FDFBDDFACC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6220780" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6220780" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D3A87E4F15DFFD348B4C8FDFBDDFACC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D3A87E4F15DFFD348B4C8FDFBDDFACC" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<subSubSection id="FD896579F15DFFD348B4C8FDFC78FDC8" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="B52C36F2F15DFFD348B4C8FDFE4EFF73" blockId="4.[151,455,151,177]" box="[151,455,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<heading id="EE64819EF15DFFD348B4C8FDFE4EFF73" bold="true" box="[151,455,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD348B4C8FDFE4EFF73" bold="true" box="[151,455,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD348B4C8FDFF73FF73" ID-CoL="62FQ2" box="[151,250,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD348B4C8FDFF73FF73" bold="true" box="[151,250,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Bittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD3491BC8FDFE4EFF73" box="[312,455,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD3491BC8FDFE4EFF73" bold="true" box="[312,455,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B52C36F2F15DFFD348B4C88BFC78FDC8" blockId="4.[151,1437,225,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34934C88BFD21FF39" authority="Esben-Petersen, 1914" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1914" box="[279,680,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34934C88BFE2AFF38" box="[279,419,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus</emphasis>
|
||
Esben-Petersen, 1914
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was proposed for the Brazilian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34C54C88BFF5DFEE0" authority="Pictet, 1836" authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blancheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34C54C88BFAC2FF38" box="[1143,1355,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Bittacus blancheti</emphasis>
|
||
Pictet, 1836
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the generic characters pointed out by the author were: wings long, slender, and decorated with distinct bands and dots; costal area with about five crossveins; first anal vein joining the hind margin distal to the fork of the medial vein; cubital cell very narrow; third anal vein present in the forewing; hind tarsi with the first tarsomere slightly longer than second and third together, third tarsomere slightly shorter than the second and fourth tarsomeres and half the length of the first tarsomere; female subgenital plate large and strongly haired. These seven characters were considered quite variable by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD34BD1C9A3FB2DFE21" author="Navas" box="[1010,1188,457,483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Navas, L. (1929) Insectos exoticos neuropteros y afines del Museo civico de Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 53, 354 - 389." type="journal article" year="1929">Navás (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD348B4C99AFEAAFDCB" box="[151,291,496,521]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD348B4C99AFEAAFDCB" box="[151,291,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34946C99AFE6BFDCB" box="[357,482,496,521]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Thyridates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34946C99AFE6BFDCB" box="[357,482,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Thyridates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus transferring
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34A99C99AFCCEFDCB" box="[698,839,496,521]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blancheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34A99C99AFCCEFDCB" box="[698,839,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">B. blancheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34B4EC99AFC63FDCB" box="[877,1002,496,521]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Thyridates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34B4EC99AFC63FDCB" box="[877,1002,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Thyridates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FD896579F15DFFD348E6CA7CFBDDFACC" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B52C36F2F15DFFD348E6CA7CFC12FD66" blockId="4.[151,1437,225,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Navás’ decision was ignored by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD34A6BCA7CFD60FDF2" author="Penny" box="[584,745,534,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Penny, N. D. (1977) Two new species of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) from the Amazon Basin. Acta Amazonica, 7 (3), 423 - 427." type="journal article" year="1977">Penny (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who described a second species in the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34D2CCA7DFE5FFD95" authority="Penny, 1977" authorityName="Penny" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aripuanaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34D2CCA7DFEB4FD94" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus aripuanaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD34967CA57FE5FFD95" author="Penny" box="[324,470,573,599]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Penny, N. D. (1977) Two new species of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) from the Amazon Basin. Acta Amazonica, 7 (3), 423 - 427." type="journal article" year="1977">Penny, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from northern Mato Grosso state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CD847662F15DFFD34B4CCA57FC33FD95" box="[879,954,573,599]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The author argued that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34CF7CA57FA15FD94" box="[1236,1436,573,598]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aripuanaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34CF7CA57FA15FD94" box="[1236,1436,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">N. aripuanaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appeared to be closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34A0BCA0EFB89FDBC" authority="Londt & Byers, 1974" authorityName="Londt & Byers" authorityYear="1974" box="[552,1024,612,638]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34A0BCA0EFD7BFDBF" box="[552,754,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Bittacus andinus</emphasis>
|
||
Londt & Byers, 1974
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the character that placed it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD348B4CAE0FEAAFD61" box="[151,291,650,675]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD348B4CAE0FEAAFD61" box="[151,291,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the large number of crossveins in the costal area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B52C36F2F15DFFD348E5CADBFD9DFCA4" blockId="4.[151,1437,225,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD348E5CADBFE7CFD09" author="Penny" box="[198,501,689,715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Penny, N. D. & Byers, G. W. (1979 a) Chave para as familias e generos da Mecoptera (Insecta) da America, do sul dos Estados Unidos. Acta Amazonica, 9 (2), 363 - 364." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">Penny and Byers (1979a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published a key to the families and genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34C76CADBFB5BFD09" box="[1109,1234,689,715]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Mecoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Americas south of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CD847662F15DFFD34908CAB2FE4EFD30" box="[299,455,728,754]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and separated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34A5ACAB2FD50FD33" box="[633,729,728,753]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34A5ACAB2FD50FD33" box="[633,729,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Bittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34B01CAB2FC27FD33" box="[802,942,728,753]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34B01CAB2FC27FD33" box="[802,942,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the number of costal crossveins: more than two costal crossveins in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD349CECA95FDF0FCDA" box="[493,633,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD349CECA95FDF0FCDA" box="[493,633,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two or less in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34B76CA95FC3CFCDA" box="[853,949,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34B76CA95FC3CFCDA" box="[853,949,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Bittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This character is essentially the same as that pointed out by Esben-Petersen (1914).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34A91CB4FFCCCFCFC" box="[690,837,805,830]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34A91CB4FFCCCFCFC" box="[690,837,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more recently also has been cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD34D07CB4FFF6CFCA4" author="Willmann" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Willmann, R. (1983) Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen unter den sudamerikanischen Bittacidae (Insecta: Mecoptera). Zoologische Beitrage Neue Folge, 28, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Willmann (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD3493DCB21FD99FCA4" author="Petrulevicius" box="[286,528,843,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F. (2003) Phylogenetic and biogeographical remarks on Thyridates (Mecoptera: Bittacidae), with the first fossil record of the taxon. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46 (suppl. - Fossil Insects), 257 - 265." type="journal article" year="2003">Petrulevičius (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B52C36F2F15DFFD348E6CB18FEBCFBB6" blockId="4.[151,1437,225,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
During our analysis, we found the main character used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD34B58CB18FB2EFC4E" author="Penny" box="[891,1191,882,908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Penny, N. D. & Byers, G. W. (1979 a) Chave para as familias e generos da Mecoptera (Insecta) da America, do sul dos Estados Unidos. Acta Amazonica, 9 (2), 363 - 364." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">Penny and Byers (1979a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to be quite variable; we commonly found specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34A0CCBF3FD6FFC70" box="[559,742,921,946]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversinervis">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34A0CCBF3FD6FFC70" box="[559,742,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">B. diversinervis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34B3DCBF3FC2BFC70" box="[798,930,921,946]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latreillei">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34B3DCBF3FC2BFC70" box="[798,930,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">B. latreillei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with more than two crossveins in one wing and two or less in the other. This character is similar to the second proposed synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34D38CBAAFA15FC1B" box="[1307,1436,960,985]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Thyridates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34D38CBAAFA15FC1B" box="[1307,1436,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Thyridates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
introduced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD34961CB8CFD86FBC2" author="Willmann" box="[322,527,998,1024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Willmann, R. (1983) Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen unter den sudamerikanischen Bittacidae (Insecta: Mecoptera). Zoologische Beitrage Neue Folge, 28, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Willmann (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which has already been discussed and considered as a very plastic character by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD3489FCC67FD9DFBE5" author="Collucci" box="[188,532,1037,1063]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Collucci, E. & Amorim, D. S. (2000) Three new species of Thyridates Navas, 1908 (Mecoptera, Bittacidae) from Brazil, with new combinations and some comments about phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Contribuicoes Avulsas Sobre a Historia Natural do Brasil, Serie Zoologia, 21, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2000">Collucci and Amorim (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD34A6DCC67FCCBFBE5" author="Petrulevicius" box="[590,834,1037,1063]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F. (2003) Phylogenetic and biogeographical remarks on Thyridates (Mecoptera: Bittacidae), with the first fossil record of the taxon. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46 (suppl. - Fossil Insects), 257 - 265." type="journal article" year="2003">Petrulevičius (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The other six characters of Esben-Petersen (1921) are also inconsistent, and all of them are found in other species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34C29CC5EFB11FB8F" box="[1034,1176,1076,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34C29CC5EFB11FB8F" box="[1034,1176,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">B. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34C8BCC5EFAB7FB8F" box="[1192,1342,1076,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34C8BCC5EFAB7FB8F" box="[1192,1342,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">B. femoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34DA1CC5EFEA7FBB6" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversinervis">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34DA1CC5EFEA7FBB6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">B. diversinervis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B52C36F2F15DFFD348E6CCEBFBDDFACC" blockId="4.[151,1437,225,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Because of the inconsistency of the characters and the absence of a comprehensive phylogenetic work based on many characters related to these taxa, we synonymize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34B96CCC2FBC0FB03" box="[949,1097,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34B96CCC2FBC0FB03" box="[949,1097,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34CB1CCC2FB71FB03" box="[1170,1272,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34CB1CCC2FB71FB03" box="[1170,1272,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Bittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and transfer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD348B4CCA5FDE7FB2A" authority="Penny, 1977" authorityName="Penny" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,622,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aripuanaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD348B4CCA5FE5AFB2A" box="[151,467,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus aripuanaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD349FFCCA4FDE7FB2A" author="Penny" box="[476,622,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Penny, N. D. (1977) Two new species of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) from the Amazon Basin. Acta Amazonica, 7 (3), 423 - 427." type="journal article" year="1977">Penny, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34AB6CCA5FD7FFB2A" box="[661,758,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34AB6CCA5FD7FFB2A" box="[661,758,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Bittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34B2BCCA5FBF6FB2A" authority="Penny, 1977" authorityName="Penny" authorityYear="1977" box="[776,1151,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aripuanaensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34B2BCCA5FC93FB2A" box="[776,794,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34B0ACCA5FC59FB2A" box="[809,976,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">aripuanaensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1024B03F15DFFD34BC2CCA4FBFFFB2A" author="Penny" box="[993,1142,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Penny, N. D. (1977) Two new species of Bittacidae (Mecoptera) from the Amazon Basin. Acta Amazonica, 7 (3), 423 - 427." type="journal article" year="1977">Penny, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34CA4CCA4FA86FB2A" bold="true" box="[1159,1295,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9CD4579BF15DFFD34CA4CCA4FA86FB2A" box="[1159,1295,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) The other species treated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD3494BCC9FFE7DFACC" box="[360,500,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD3494BCC9FFE7DFACC" box="[360,500,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Neobittacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34A20CC9FFD13FACC" box="[515,666,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Neobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanchetti">
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34A20CC9FFD13FACC" box="[515,666,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">N. blanchetti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was originally described in
|
||
<emphasis id="87E7EAE0F15DFFD34BCFCC9FFBDDFACC" box="[1004,1108,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72934D71F15DFFD34BCFCC9FFBD9FACC" box="[1004,1104,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bittacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |