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<document id="A9BF3AE100A59407FB7E2C9B0CCFC03E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.948.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5046250" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625062120577" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Paucar-Cabrera, Aura" docDate="2005" docId="F75087B123326F17FEC3AC33FE7DA57A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00948.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 948 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.948.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Geniatini Burmeister 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="0B69FFC923096F2CFFCBAD28FF82A06A" masterDocTitle="A catalog and distributional analysis of the Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698979545252" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3BA8E398B1FF50129562FABC7CE5FC6E">A catalog and distributional analysis of the Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Ecuador</mods:title>
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<treatment id="F75087B123326F17FEC3AC33FE7DA57A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5047008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5047008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F75087B123326F17FEC3AC33FE7DA57A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F75087B123326F17FEC3AC33FE7DA57A" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection id="37E3652C23326F17FEC3AC33FE4AA15F" box="[264,456,283,309]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7F4636A723326F17FEC3AC33FE4AA15F" blockId="59.[264,586,283,345]" box="[264,456,283,309]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="240E81CB23326F17FEC3AC33FE4AA15F" bold="true" box="[264,456,283,309]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAB523326F17FEC3AC33FE4AA15F" bold="true" box="[264,456,283,309]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Tribe
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FE98AC33FE4AA15F" ID-CoL="628CP" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1844" box="[339,456,283,309]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geniatini">Geniatini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="37E3652C23326F17FEC3AC17FE7DA57A" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F4636A723326F17FEC3AC17FDC8A133" blockId="59.[264,586,283,345]" box="[264,586,319,345]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
(
<figureCitation id="E7C22A2223326F17FEDBAC17FEDEA133" box="[272,348,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="67.[264,382,1387,1411]" captionTargetBox="[276,1316,332,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-51@67.[263,1326,325,1349]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 2–7. Histograms of temporal distribution of tribe species throughout a year: 2) Anomalini; 3) Anoplognathini; 4) Geniatini; 5) Rutelini; 6) Spodochlamyini. 7) Histogram of temporal distribution of Rutelinae species throughout a year." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046254/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E7C22A2223326F17FEA2AC17FE0BA133" box="[361,393,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–11" captionStartId="69.[264,383,1877,1901]" captionTargetBox="[481,1134,319,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-26@69.[389,1198,296,1852]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 10–11. Distribution of species of: 10) Geniatini; 11) Rutelini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046258/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E7C22A2223326F17FE5EAC17FE37A133" box="[405,437,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="73.[264,357,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[332,1246,336,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-24@73.[332,1254,335,1696]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 15. Habitus of Trizogeniates schmidti (Ohaus) (from Villatoro 2002)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046262/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">15</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="327B031C23326F17FE0AAC17FDA4A133" box="[449,550,319,345]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="81.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 4. Distribution of species of Geniatini of Ecuador by zoogeographic zones. TNw: tropical northwest; TSw: tropical southwest; Swe: subtropical west; Temp: temperate; HA: high Andes; SEa: subtropical east; Tea: tropical east." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tables 4</tableCitation>
, 7)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636A723326F17FEC3ACB9FE35A2AA" blockId="59.[264,1325,401,1296]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
The tribe
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FE4FACB9FE73A1C1" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1844" box="[388,497,401,427]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geniatini">Geniatini</taxonomicName>
is exclusively Neotropical, and it occurs from
<collectingCountry id="07EE763723326F17FBF5ACB9FB15A1C1" box="[1086,1175,401,427]" name="Mexico" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to northern
<collectingCountry id="07EE763723326F17FEC3AC91FEFEA1B9" box="[264,380,441,467]" name="Argentina" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="07EE763723326F17FE72AC91FD86A1B9" box="[441,516,441,467]" name="Brazil" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Only one species (
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FD33AC91FBA0A1B9" authority="Ohaus" authorityName="Ohaus" box="[760,1058,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Geniates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptopus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAB523326F17FD33AC91FC4EA1B8" box="[760,972,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Geniates leptopus</emphasis>
Ohaus
</taxonomicName>
) is known from
<collectingCountry id="07EE763723326F17FB20AC91FAA9A1B9" box="[1259,1323,441,467]" name="Chile" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1B684B5623326F17FEDBACC8FE46A190" author="Villatoro, K." box="[272,452,480,506]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref30374" refString="Villatoro, K. (2001) Annotated Catalog of the Geniatini (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae). University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebraska. Available from http: // www. museum. unl. edu / research / entomology / Guide / Rutelinae / Geniatini / GeniatiniC. htm / (accessed on June, 2003)." type="url" year="2001">Villatoro 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Species of geniatines inhabit semideciduous forests and cloud forests, but little is known of their natural history. In the Neotropics, the tribe
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FB9FAF20FB43A248" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1844" box="[1108,1217,520,546]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geniatini">Geniatini</taxonomicName>
includes 13 genera and 323 described species (
<bibRefCitation id="1B684B5623326F17FD75AF07FCECA223" author="Villatoro, K." box="[702,878,559,585]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref30374" refString="Villatoro, K. (2001) Annotated Catalog of the Geniatini (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae). University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebraska. Available from http: // www. museum. unl. edu / research / entomology / Guide / Rutelinae / Geniatini / GeniatiniC. htm / (accessed on June, 2003)." type="url" year="2001">Villatoro 2001</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="07EE763723326F17FC6CAF07FB88A223" box="[935,1034,559,585]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, the
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FB8BAF07FB2FA223" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1844" box="[1088,1197,559,585]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geniatini">Geniatini</taxonomicName>
includes 5 genera with 28 species (7 unnamed). There is little information about the distribution of the species due to lack of collecting, incomplete label data, and lack of specimens identified to species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636A723326F17FEF3AFE5FD19A420" blockId="59.[264,1325,401,1296]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
This group is poorly known taxonomically. Revisions and keys to species are needed for all the genera, and the taxonomic position of some genera and species needs clarification. Based on the distributional data of geniatines in
<collectingCountry id="07EE763723326F17FC47AE34FC72A35C" box="[908,1008,796,822]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, members of this tribe are predominantly distributed in the eastern tropical and subtropical areas (at elevations of
<quantity id="B8019B4223326F17FEC3AE43FE23A3EF" box="[264,417,875,901]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="830.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="460.0">460–1200 m</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="E7C22A2223326F17FE74AE43FD9EA3EF" box="[447,540,875,901]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–11" captionStartId="69.[264,383,1877,1901]" captionTargetBox="[481,1134,319,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-26@69.[389,1198,296,1852]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 10–11. Distribution of species of: 10) Geniatini; 11) Rutelini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046258/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). The highest altitude reached by geniatine scarabs is
<quantity id="B8019B4223326F17FB06AE43FAA9A3EF" box="[1229,1323,875,901]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
(
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FED9AEBBFDA7A3C6" authority="(Latreille))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[274,549,914,940]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Bolax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulla">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAB523326F17FED9AEBBFE1BA3C6" box="[274,409,915,940]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Bolax pulla</emphasis>
(Latreille))
</taxonomicName>
. Ecuadorian
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FD77AEBAFCABA3C6" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1844" box="[700,809,914,940]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geniatini">Geniatini</taxonomicName>
includes 16 species that are endemic (
<tableCitation id="327B031C23326F17FB23AEBAFE98A3BE" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="81.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 4. Distribution of species of Geniatini of Ecuador by zoogeographic zones. TNw: tropical northwest; TSw: tropical southwest; Swe: subtropical west; Temp: temperate; HA: high Andes; SEa: subtropical east; Tea: tropical east." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Endemic geniatines occupy the eastern subtropical and tropical zones (
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FB45AE92FE5CA391" authority="Ohaus" authorityName="Ohaus" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Leucothyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anaemicus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAB523326F17FB45AE92FE07A390" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Leucothyreus anaemicus</emphasis>
Ohaus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FE3AAEC9FD7AA391" authority="Ohaus" authorityName="Ohaus" authorityYear="1918" box="[497,760,993,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Leucothyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupripennis">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAB523326F17FE3AAEC9FD22A390" box="[497,672,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">L. cupripennis</emphasis>
Ohaus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FCC6AEC9FC59A391" authority="Ohaus" authorityName="Ohaus" authorityYear="1917" box="[781,987,993,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Leucothyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jivarus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAB523326F17FCC6AEC9FC00A390" box="[781,898,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">L. jivarus</emphasis>
Ohaus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FC24AEC9FED1A449" authority="Ohaus" authorityName="Ohaus" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Lobogeniates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAB523326F17FC24AEC9FAA9A390" box="[1007,1323,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Lobogeniates abdominalis</emphasis>
Ohaus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FEA9A921FD95A449" authority="Ohaus" authorityName="Ohaus" authorityYear="1917" box="[354,535,1033,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Lobogeniates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAB523326F17FEA9A921FE46A448" box="[354,452,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">L. hirtus</emphasis>
Ohaus
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FD84A921FC48A449" authority="(Ohaus))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Ohaus" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[591,970,1033,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Trizogeniates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmidti">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAB523326F17FD84A921FCDAA448" box="[591,856,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Trizogeniates schmidti</emphasis>
(Ohaus))
</taxonomicName>
, and the temperate zone (
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FB3EA921FD9BA420" authority="Ohaus" authorityName="Ohaus" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Leucothyreus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davisi">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAB523326F17FB3EA921FE44A423" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Leucothyreus davisi</emphasis>
Ohaus
</taxonomicName>
) (
<tableCitation id="327B031C23326F17FDFAA918FD0FA420" box="[561,653,1072,1098]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="81.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 4. Distribution of species of Geniatini of Ecuador by zoogeographic zones. TNw: tropical northwest; TSw: tropical southwest; Swe: subtropical west; Temp: temperate; HA: high Andes; SEa: subtropical east; Tea: tropical east." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636A723326F17FEF3A970FE7DA57A" blockId="59.[264,1325,401,1296]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Few specimens of the
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D2423326F17FD8AA970FD2CA418" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1844" box="[577,686,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geniatini">Geniatini</taxonomicName>
material examined have complete collecting data and so inferences of temporal distributions are not possible. However, based on limited available data, geniatines have one peak of abundance during March (
<figureCitation id="E7C22A2223326F17FBE1A98FFBF4A4AB" box="[1066,1142,1191,1217]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="67.[264,382,1387,1411]" captionTargetBox="[276,1316,332,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-51@67.[263,1326,325,1349]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 2–7. Histograms of temporal distribution of tribe species throughout a year: 2) Anomalini; 3) Anoplognathini; 4) Geniatini; 5) Rutelini; 6) Spodochlamyini. 7) Histogram of temporal distribution of Rutelinae species throughout a year." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046254/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, Table 7). An increase in adult activity may occur during December and January, but more sampling is needed to verify this.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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