103 lines
13 KiB
XML
103 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document id="AEFDA6AD19CE388C5825BC139E8CA9DE" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da733677-6530-4a1b-b657-6c8861e011c4" ModsDocAuthor="Wheeler, W. M." ModsDocID="20597" checkinTime="1243372031551" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Wheeler, W. M." docDate="1922" docId="7590C99825A0DD0AD15A9F8A6E1C314C" docLanguage="en" docName="20597_3" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45" docSource="http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/17097" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="210" masterDocId="A3DBBB852C51D8D8BF05CD746529E30A" masterDocTitle="The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition." masterLastPageNumber="269" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="209" updateTime="1701311254122" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="74792FC6BD416DC7564C2914840EF878">
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<mods:title id="546D47B590DA25F80DD27F5B7CBF7CCF">The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9274B18DCAF644D7053B90113C3294B8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0BE9C75A3C52C9A5F6E2445586082943">Wheeler, W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F9408E9918496552F2F15245300E72E6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1B5101AF121C54C369D18979945AF1D6">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F19E201040645F34E31B2AB80A627E3A">
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<mods:date id="42B3B79540553D4BBA2B643D9CCF7168">1922</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C4FE1126DE042FEF285A0E806032C490">45</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A34E4C27B97208407EDB43A4D8F4AD8A">39</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CB9DFEF1F118B113C670BCCEF65A4656">269</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="D64CB50B899A0AB357F1F3D67A48B5A1">http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/17097</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="67FBF57C2E4CCCD4AA913A4575E5545D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="162D5F442B962354AA0DED61FDCE2D1A" type="HNS-Pub">20597</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="7590C99825A0DD0AD15A9F8A6E1C314C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7590C99825A0DD0AD15A9F8A6E1C314C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7590C99825A0DD0AD15A9F8A6E1C314C" lastPageNumber="210" pageNumber="209">
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<subSubSection id="7560C768428BC15723FB328943F95C4B" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BDCE9FF513443D003E15E6F8D2B64967" pageNumber="209">Formicinae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4A9A405F4CAB6C085B4FAC0E4A9FD41E" type="description">
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<paragraph id="788EB48B108C7FDBB5FEEE9EBB6B943C" pageNumber="209">(Camponotinae of authors)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="839E187FF6FFE157BB17F2019F82DDEE" pageNumber="209">
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Worker mononomorphic or more-or less polymorphic, only in a few cases with pronounced dimorphism (
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<taxonomicName id="79B2C178EB9FEEA05832AFF0B025A281" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146909" authority="André, 1892" authorityName="André" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dimorphomyrmex André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dimorphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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). Frontal carinae often feebly developed and the elypeus is only exceptionally produced between them {
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<taxonomicName id="28BBC7F4B91171F77E0AF83C2531CBDF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146909" authority="André, 1892" authorityName="André" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dimorphomyrmex André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dimorphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="A09136F4EDE52F466AC4090077FD4E85" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gesomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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); even then, it is not properly wedged in. Antennae 8- to 12-jointed, usually long and filiform; the funiculus rarely with a feeble 4- or 5-jointed club. Abdominal pedicel always formed by one segment, the petiole, which is usually scale-like; there is never a trace of constriction between the second and third abdominal segments and the stridulator}- organ is also lacking at the base of the third segment. Sting vestigial; the poison-glands are converted into a cushion of convolutions(Forel's pulvilliferous vesicle); the sting forms merely the sustentacular apparatus for the orifice of this poison vesicle. The ejaculation of the poison can in certain genera (
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<taxonomicName id="26FAD68410588F7C48D599412A229392" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
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) be effected with great force. Orifice of the cloaca always circular and terminal, ciliated round the margin.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7846677E1C1137087DF3319792EE3369">
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<paragraph id="981242045E175AE1FB4410DE976A664A" pageNumber="209">
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Map 33. Distribution of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="BBE8838A0E6F70224F0E2DE73CDEBA5A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2485" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Technomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Technomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="9EB9ED9BDD9B7525FD840E4D6D40216C" pageNumber="209">Female always winged and similar to the worker, though of much larger size.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E1D0A87478E5A5DCE15A6B427A172B6" pageNumber="209">Male winged, with the genitalia always exserted.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C99554D80CE4D470A5878A5A7E2F07E6" lastPageNumber="210" pageNumber="209">
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The venation of the wings is more or less reduced, often considerably so. In its most primitive stage there is still one cubital, a closed radial, and a closed discoidal cell; but there is no intercubitus, the radius and cubitus being confluent over a part of their course (Formica-type). Reduction has usually started by the disappearance of the recurrent vein, there being no discoidal cell (
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<taxonomicName id="B2F5EDFD88A13EF8D1295608CD4018BA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2414" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Camponotus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Camponotus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8E1FD4D2131E99A10830817BA0DE62EE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24787" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecophylla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Oecophylla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oecophylla</taxonomicName>
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). An intercubitus is only rarely present and then very short (
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<taxonomicName id="0F7AEB46D1E407AE1B159224564E17C1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24786" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmoteras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmoteras Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmoteras</taxonomicName>
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, which has the most primitive venation of this subfamily).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6556F86D4A1B21F55420E2EB4F2F39F4" pageNumber="210">
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Nymphs usually enclosed in cocoons; but there are some exceptions (
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<taxonomicName id="29AD258FE107AC01792C0C5F4C6B0DB6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24787" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecophylla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Oecophylla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oecophylla</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="022A09881063C84964AED29EF1338E03" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24775" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Prenolepis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prenolepis</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="06A295F6A7D50784B3460C291A72638B" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="185F0CABE22611538EEDA3E1F6F98411" pageNumber="210">
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The members of this subfamily are morphologically the most highly developed of all ants; this is also true for their ethological peculiarities. Not only are their habits very diverse, but they show the most specialized form of mental and social behavior. The diet is in large part vegetarian and these ants show great predilection for sugary substances, which are sometimes stored in a special, replete form of worker (honey ants:
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<taxonomicName id="BF15BE2A4E171FA71094038BEFCBF95B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24780" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Melophorus Lubbock" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melophorus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0B6EDD2AD8794FD591779DDFE96A5E93" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24773" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecocystus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmecocystus Wesmael" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmecocystus</taxonomicName>
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, certain
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<taxonomicName id="A941D52BF3D9206A7CE9DB26DF571F36" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24789" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Plagiolepis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plagiolepis</taxonomicName>
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, etc.). The species of
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<taxonomicName id="36971D4128013C5313B314F7542F927C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24787" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecophylla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Oecophylla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oecophylla</taxonomicName>
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and certain
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<taxonomicName id="5F221ABF8C7C2F1D020778E8345B6649" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2424" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Polyrhachis Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polyrhachis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="01E73B2D3C9DF1D092223917EC9DE130" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2414" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Camponotus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Camponotus</taxonomicName>
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build silk nests in leaves, using their larvae as silk-producing shuttles. Moreover, the nesting habits in this subfamily are very varied. Certain species of
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<taxonomicName id="561EC29C09EB9D5910A6277B99A9E884" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="44430B44F20ECF8937A51918759FF785" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2509" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Polyergus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polyergus</taxonomicName>
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are slave-makers; the species of
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<taxonomicName id="685B33811D278FACB565ADFDE880749F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2509" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Polyergus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polyergus</taxonomicName>
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are true social parasites of
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<taxonomicName id="7271771569A2BFAC23CD5B17E09E11B8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
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, entirely dependent upon their slaves, but the worker caste is still present.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |