325 lines
46 KiB
XML
325 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="5DF7500DC1103958DD3CA054675995C3" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb59fd6a-c078-4ae3-85bc-f1425d92b9ed" ModsDocID="z01350p021" checkinTime="1247130196942" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Paulo H. F. Lucinda, Thomas Litz & Roberto Recuero" docDate="2006" docId="12B2543E4486C69C5F493B1D43DCA0BA" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Lucinda_Litz_Recuero_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1350" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B1F994BE-4806-4F69-8DD7-DA150A029B89" docTitle="Cnesterodon holopteros Lucinda, Litz & Recuero, 2006, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="813C4C788F56D4A522526300C7BD8D00" masterDocTitle="Cnesterodon holopteros (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), a new species from the Republic of Uruguay." masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1701314504493" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1EFB1625BC01E06C25CBDA1A9306B4B8">Cnesterodon holopteros (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), a new species from the Republic of Uruguay.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BD5690DB378E3937755473483280FBA6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="17902B25DA295BD5F45994CD001E6C12">Paulo H. F. Lucinda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60108EFD4C4133747A63DAAF55251D12">Thomas Litz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9ABC4A9F66871B349252C9ED49762303">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="22BF8318177A38739F0E84F87B21F3CC">Roberto Recuero</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BCC0F8F53D37E01F46E3C27EBBA8C3D0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="94607459A478E0D250857266D29D48B2">
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<mods:date id="9967867E241FB088E2A31CB699331C6D">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4E6B524F58D854CEBD7C0F16F6CD6D96" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DFC3D6F881115ECA9EA59F1AA50FB6A5">1350</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="46592680F8BA8828B15A2BF68AE0630A">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B1F994BE-4806-4F69-8DD7-DA150A029B89</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8EFC5D9B5670434179427FF9F2270C27">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="12B2543E4486C69C5F493B1D43DCA0BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6258089" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100123990" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6258089" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:12B2543E4486C69C5F493B1D43DCA0BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/12B2543E4486C69C5F493B1D43DCA0BA" lastPageNumber="30" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="249A170DD764A9EC9EFB88F0FB317057" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="ECF0C626C0733AA2BC362E738787A73B" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="1F21A5684AF66FE1AC0C1BD3373AB517" ID-CoL="WHVX" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEE1F616A57C397FF2FF046E71954143" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B1F092828E175E0B01C5ABC6AB164C26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="94091286BEFB29DC749E8FB242A0BE22" pageNumber="24">(Figs 2-4; Table 1)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9DF131B3FC7A3819265BC8DB488DCD0A" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B0A97050E570DED748033A7370A6E113" pageNumber="24">
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<materialsCitation id="ED7ACAE8DB5ADAEF88F0231398E038C1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904459" country="Uruguay" stateProvince="Departmento Artigas">
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<typeStatus id="E836A1DB350995656F2009328265BFDB">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(Fig. 2). MUNHINA 3218 (male, 19.8 mm SL), Arroyo Catalancito,
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<normalizedToken id="D5CA281AE7060728EE1A6A3AAFFEE24F" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Cuareim drainage, Ruta 30, km 156.4,
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<geoCoordinate id="38D13B5CA308B3D6817B5FF20C694D71" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-30.631166">30°37.87’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2E86853221A3D1A3334C0F3F578FD4B0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-56.379166">56°22.75’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="DA6125DEDDCAB20E8799754AD76061E5">Departmento Artigas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5A5C157126AD1A0E5B92695E3252F31A">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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, P. Laurino, T. Litz, E. Perujo, I. Perujo and H. Salvia,
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<date id="7583CF41377C6EF96C4FA5F3B6B66E00" day="16" month="08" value="2002-08-16" year="2002">16 Aug 2002</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C5FF8DC2F4E47A39C49599C247B017AB" pageNumber="24">
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<materialsCitation id="DE1332B5148455E6CA8FFBFD72B5D450" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904455" country="Uruguay" stateProvince="Departmento Artigas">
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<typeStatus id="FAB1EB531B4B86A08A73555D7F6E139D">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="923F00E3B851618D4D79A0F2FC4C0FF2">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="18A78E32CC39281510C132959D1997A8">Departmento Artigas</collectingRegion>
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.
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<collectionCode id="90A483E54585D3E37CA538A3FB227F87" collectionName="MCP">MCP</collectionCode>
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39803 (2, 19.5-23.4 mm SL)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="14F311488AA552348BA4CD40A18EB8D5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904456" country="Uruguay" stateProvince="Departmento Artigas">MUNHINA 3219 (2, 17.9-20.3 mm SL)</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="8674C50510E1FE843EF064DAFF014976" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904458" country="Uruguay" stateProvince="Departmento Artigas">
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and
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<collectionCode id="F9D8A1611BD157DC6A8CD6DD8A3EBE16" collectionName="UNT">UNT</collectionCode>
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1946 (4 [2 c&s], 19.4-28.1 mm SL), paratopotypes, collected with the
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<typeStatus id="FA155E401033EA773975D80A84985C87">holotype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="2CD8AD76AFD6041870BC40BDD562ECDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904457" country="Uruguay" stateProvince="Departmento Artigas">
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<collectionCode id="828EE03551F343CA30F25EA7118AB66A" collectionName="UNT">UNT</collectionCode>
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1964 (3, 11.4-14.5 mm SL), lagoon near Franquia,
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<geoCoordinate id="7E8B51A709C628D45CFFD88CFB5238EC" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-30.2175">30°13.05’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="518C4C03A17856D424241F3B9AF58523" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-57.6215">57°37.29’W</geoCoordinate>
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, P. Laurino, T. Litz, E. Perujo, F. Prieto and H. Salvia,
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<date id="76DB086834441292B70EA780523C82A5" day="18" month="03" value="2003-03-18" year="2003">18 Mar 2003</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="46A45836E6BFEC74DA66F9F63D840072" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6F8B06AD9C4D4FA1B5B511E58374D150" pageNumber="24">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName id="29E7FE7348A3350D21BBB1DA4F177DDC" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from its congeners by (1) a series of small dark brown dots present along predorsal portion of first, second or third lateral scale rows, which are associated with vertical bars along lateral surface of body (Figs. 2-3); (2) eight or nine (rarely seven) dark brown vertical bars along lateral surface of body, which may reach lower part of belly (i.e., at level of ventral profile) in females, the length of each bar corresponding approximately to the vertical depths from one to three scales (Fig. 3); (3) bony style at male gonopodium tip long and gently arched, narrowing towards tip, forming a distal filament and bearing a V-shaped membrane restricted to its proximal third (Fig. 4); (4) four branchiostegal rays in females; and (5) unbranched pelvic-fin rays (branched pelvic-fin rays [except first one] in remaining
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<taxonomicName id="7952F97C85ED48BA673F0BA661F377A6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
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species).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="60017EBD12902E89E0B6C94043AC8BCA" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="6F1A5D4458B34A701B0D3AA1AF1F8804" lastPageNumber="25" pageNumber="24">Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Ranges of standard length: 19.4 to 28.1 mm (females); 11.4 to 22.7 mm (males). Body compressed laterally. Body width in predorsal region uniform, about half body depth. Post-dorsal region compressed near caudal peduncle. Predorsal profile convex. Dorsal-fin base convex. Postdorsal profile slightly concave. Pre-anal profile convex. Anal-fin base oblique. Post-anal profile almost straight. Dorsal fin with semicircular border, located posterior to mid-body. Origin of dorsal fin in females on vertical passing through base of third anal-fin ray; in males, origin of dorsal fin posterior to vertical passing through origin of anal fin. Pectoral fin inserted high on each side of body, at level of center of orbit. Pelvic fins small, pointed and not reaching origin of gonopodium in adult males; not reaching origin of anal fin in females. Anal fin of females with straight ventral border. Origin of anal fin of females closer to caudal peduncle than to snout tip. Origin of anal fin of males closer to snout tip than to caudal peduncle. Mouth superior, aligned almost with upper border of pupil.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5426631521233CB2F40FF3E2B35A9049" pageNumber="25">Dorsal-fin rays: 8* [10], 9 [2]. Pectoral-fin rays: 8 [2], 9* [4], 10 [4]. Pelvic-fin rays (all unbranched): 4* [2] (males); 5 [4] (females). Anal-fin rays (females): 10 [5]. Anal-fin rays (males): 8 [3], 9* [4]. Caudal-fin rays: 22 [2], 24 [4], 25 [3], 26* [3]. Predorsal scales (females): 13 [1], 14 [3]. Longitudinal series scales: 29 [2], 30* [6], 31 [3]. Scales around caudal peduncle: 16* [12]. Scales in transverse row: 8* [11]. Pleural ribs: 16 [2]. Epipleural ribs: 7 [1, female], 9 [1, male]. Vertebrae: 33 [2].</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F4B2C8D212A21B1B677774A0497C4DE6" pageNumber="25">Preorbital ramus of cephalic sensory system represented by two or three grooved neuromasts. Preorbital canal absent. Anterior portion of supraorbital ramus (pores 1 and 2a) parallel to upper lip, with five inconspicuous neuromasts on each side. Posterior portion of supraorbital ramus (pores 2b, 3, 4a) composed of three grooved neuromasts. Posterior remnants of infraorbital ramus represented by three neuromasts (pores 4b, 5, 6a) and by one short groove (pores 6b and 7). Preopercular ramus represented by large groove along preopercular posterolateral border and by prolonged canal along preopercle ventral border by four neuromasts. Opercular canal absent. Mandibular ramus composed of two or three superficial neuromasts (pores Z, Ya, and Yb) on anterior border of ventral surface of mandible and by one superficial neuromast near maxillary distal end (pore W).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E90F0B1DDE9AB03DFB9FB1A8607A6121" pageNumber="27">Gonopodial complex and male gonopodium. Gonopodial complex composed of nine gonactinosts. Functional gonapophyses absent. Gonactinosts 2, 3, 4 fused. Gonactinost 4 with wing-like expansions. Ligastyle absent. Gonopodium symmetrical. Eight or nine gonopodial rays. Anal-fin ray (R1) and anal-fin ray 2 (R2) unbranched and short. R1 with six segments. R2 with nine segments. R3 with 26 segments. At tip, long slender bony style bearing narrow membrane produced in terminal filament. Four to six paired retrorse spines on distal segments of posterior ramus of anal fin of ray 4 (R4p). Anterior ramus of anal ray 5 (R5a) with subdistal and discrete dorsal curvature and terminating in a retrorse claw. Anal rays 6, 7, 8 (R6, R7, and R8) branched. Distal segments of R6 and R7 partially ankylosed. Bony style at tip of gonopodium in adult males comparatively long and very slightly and gently arched, narrowing towards tip and forming a short distal filament. Membrane on bony style V-shaped and restricted to proximal third of bony style (Fig. 4).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="67332AC43C3049B7FED799E19FC2BE5E" pageNumber="27">Color in alcohol. Eye black, with greenish-brown pupil. Background color cream yellow. Borders of scales and subjacent skin with numerous brown chromatophores, conferring a reticulate pattern to body sides. Dorsum darker than ventral region. Head dorsum dark brown. Median faint brown line along predorsal surface. Median dark brown line along preanal surface. Fins hyaline. Fin rays with two rows of brown chromatophores on each side, along entire ray. Males bearing eight or nine (rarely seven) dark brown vertical bars along sides of body, corresponding approximately to vertical depth of one scale and mostly confined to midline. Females bearing eight or nine (rarely seven) dark brown vertical bars along sides of body, corresponding approximately to vertical depth of one to three scales and sometimes reaching belly (at level of ventral profile). Series of small dots present along predorsal portion of first, second, or third lateral scale row. Large dark brown blotch on each side of ventral portion of body near male gonopodium, meeting midventral post-anal line.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EEC28CAF12BBDE7A0661EF7F61CADFC9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="473EF29574A69614600C0E73A77DF484" pageNumber="27">
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Comparisons. Characters cited in the “Diagnosis” support the recognition of this species as distinct from its congeners.
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<taxonomicName id="A150456F4BADFA0367767929058F765A" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
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can also be distinguished from its congeners as follows: It is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="EC432AB5D7865A06EFF74481CCB2CEEF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEB1D80D-C84F-4474-9214-66C42421213F" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon omorgmatos de Lucinda & Garavello 2001:126" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omorgmatos">C. omorgmatos</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B0989D5A5FE42C743425BC0FEDB5F580" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE4B7888-217B-4A6E-B834-0B263476790C" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon raddai Meyer & Etzel 2001:248" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raddai">C. raddai</taxonomicName>
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by having dark brown blotches along sides of body (forming bars vs. circular or irregular, respectively); from
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<taxonomicName id="00C10393BAEB7399FC05D7A45A7F2E1D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9B1E66A-D0E9-449B-B639-16DF62B86730" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon hypselurus de Lucinda & Garavello 2001:129" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypselurus">C. hypselurus</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of a longitudinal dark brown stripe along flanks (vs. presence of such a stripe in
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<taxonomicName id="51077A5988FB7117EADC5B12E4F5536C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9B1E66A-D0E9-449B-B639-16DF62B86730" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon hypselurus de Lucinda & Garavello 2001:129" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypselurus">C. hypselurus</taxonomicName>
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); from
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<taxonomicName id="47874FB746EA304525A7B93BDCBE53EE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A76DCAEB-A2F1-4B74-8A79-E10E8589EA63" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon septentrionalis Rosa & Costa 1993:706" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">C. septentrionalis Rosa & Costa, 1993</taxonomicName>
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in having a greater number of longitudinal scales (29-31 vs. 25-26, respectively) and more transverse scale rows between dorsal and anal fins (8 vs. 7, respectively). The absence of small scales covering the lateral and ventral region of body below the pectoral fin in adult females and the pointed snout distinguishes
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<taxonomicName id="D55EE4D5979AB09BC3341360ECF3CBC8" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">C. holopteros</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="29F670CF65F6B91CB6DEEDB6FAA7E411" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5EA2D4EB-DB76-41E9-9A25-CD153E7E4B9E" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon brevirostratus Rosa & Costa 1993:705" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostratus">C. brevirostratus Rosa & Costa, 1993</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="51735D46C0579DC426F372410561E0A5" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
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is readily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="8F4735C28E427FFD5FB65AED4A700577" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8C0E4C39-6C18-4AC1-9356-69EBE162E214" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon iguape de Lucinda 2005:263" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iguape">C. iguape</taxonomicName>
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(Lucinda, 2005:131; Fig. 5a) by the smaller post-gonopodial blotch at the level of the ventral profile in adult males.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5EE62C98199D319D40DDBEF2C24BC70" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC629C5E4212DC9DCCC276D9DF224C6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62421648-3112-4134-870B-88D73FD7386C" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon carnegiei Haseman 1911:385" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnegiei">C. carnegiei</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the number of epipleural ribs (7-9 vs. 10-12) and by the colour pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5512AAAC2278B19F27A76363167374E3" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF1BD4683568919106CB2AD1484BD7C9" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Ecological notes. This species is known from the Arroyo Catalancito and a lagoon near Franquia, both locations of which are located in the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="007B89064AA080821216F32A22F7AEF9" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay basin, within the department of Artigas, Uruguay (Fig. 1). The type locality is a small, shallow, sidewater creek tributary of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DC886AAB4DD310CACAF6EF0DDC7B61E4" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cuareim (= rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6FE10A4633364DCB33E8473704F323DC" originalValue="Quaraí">Quarai</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and is characterized by rocks, loose stones, and gravel bottom with clear rapidly-flowing water. Grass and other vegetation were present in the margins, and dense stands of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="902A7110246618808CA2C2C4E50C5987" class="Liliopsida" family="Alismataceae" genus="Echinodorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uruguayensis">Echinodorus uruguayensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
grew in some areas.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DA3DC6F0B31015A3DC37B1A86086DA" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found exclusively in shallow, densely vegetated areas along the stream margins. The fish fauna in the arroyo Catalancito was equivalent to that described by Pessano et al. (2005). However, the second location was a large lagoon of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0E40CEAD61CB0F856FBC5C9A14B3EE9A" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay, near Franquia, with a diameter of approximately 100 meters. This location is situated only a few kilometres south of the mouth of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5F9C315B55CC8937DDEDD4CBCF154C58" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cuareim, which is tributary to the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D168D13DBFB949A50C4D8F846FED51F8" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8BD1DE9EF5369FF5B4FD391E6E1D1BF" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also collected in shallow, densely vegetated areas along the margins of the lagoon. Ecological data at the collecting site (
|
||
<date id="2972C306E68F0C04559BD454D1B0FF7E" day="18" month="03" value="2003-03-18" year="2003">18 March 2003</date>
|
||
) were air temperature: 26°C, water temperature 28°C, pH 6.8, and conductivity 78 µS/cm. About 30 fish species may be present in this lagoon, based on Sverlij et al’s (1998) report for the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B0E2A231C1557BDA0AF5901AEFA8BDDA" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="13FA44F6991736DE5373CBBE98B76673" pageNumber="28">
|
||
It is noteworthy that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFD6ACC6449231792A754AEC1CDF9F4A" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">C. decemmaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also collected at a few locations in this hydrographic region, but compared to other hydrographic regions in Uruguay fishes of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F3FF392BC86D9A2609C68A90C5B5C5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rare, and other poeciliod species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="759175136C94C2692E2C4BD125416098" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5C034859-D884-4DFE-90A6-8FE5AB3CB87D" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Phalloceros caudomaculatus reticulata Stoye 1935:61" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Hensel, 1868)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76F37C2EC3D76C06EDFF9E7FFFA011E0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C7F33A90-95F2-465B-8C62-DB121B1CD5FE" family="Anablepidae" genus="Jenynsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Jenynsia onca de Lucinda, Reis & Quevedo 2002:35" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">Jenynsia onca Lucinda, Reis & Quevedo, 2002</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently are absent. These results are in accord with Pessano et al. (2005) and Sverlij et al. (1998), who did not report
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EC7601E65124A50359AB63AE8CF54CB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5C034859-D884-4DFE-90A6-8FE5AB3CB87D" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Phalloceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Phalloceros caudomaculatus reticulata Stoye 1935:61" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">P. caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64ACB2A7215A97ACBD88B04A54611FC1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C7F33A90-95F2-465B-8C62-DB121B1CD5FE" family="Anablepidae" genus="Jenynsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Jenynsia onca de Lucinda, Reis & Quevedo 2002:35" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">J. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
from either the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="97DBECEB7EB920CBFCE3CE8580814411" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cuareim or
|
||
<normalizedToken id="74FD0260A0ED468303195C8DAFC56424" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay drainages. In the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D01ADE8F248D529B8651944CBDE41931" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C7F33A90-95F2-465B-8C62-DB121B1CD5FE" family="Anablepidae" genus="Jenynsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Jenynsia onca de Lucinda, Reis & Quevedo 2002:35" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">J. onca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the distribution was reported to include the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="63B3068E4D94E8A49771DAB190543179" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9600D7442A4B9BD8ACD3EDBA23C23002" originalValue="Ibicuí">Ibicui</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="454B19738B9DF2F5F493DCB8378076D7" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negro drainages (which are situated, respectively, north and south of the area under discussion) (Lucinda et al., 2002), but not the area in between. This supports the hypothesis that the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AC7AE47AF3CA63251F85E3DDD7BFC4D5" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cuareim region differs hydrographically in some respects from northern and southern drainages of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B0B408EFDC820AE115CF840F47C7EFEB" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay. However, Devincenzi & Teague (1942) reported the collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="292B7BE7F56035E1462B6FF70CFD04EE" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">Cnesterodon decemmaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2107C143BCCF30880C227601BD835E9" family="Anablepidae" genus="Jenynsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns, 1842)</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the latter probably a misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBA5699A0D4145588EB859CE67BC3FF2" family="Anablepidae" genus="Jenynsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multidentata">Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) from the Laguna de Curtiembre, tributary to the middle
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C67789B494F4B8EEF755696356B03184" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay, situated a few kilometres north of the city of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7DB72F1035E264F7A3CFA702DA00BA5C" originalValue="Paysandú">Paysandu</normalizedToken>
|
||
; about 200 km south of the locations we investigated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20BBFFFAD244A3B352C220B42CBF6DDB" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2CA45342115D097A0C431B5B7930A0EC" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Distribution.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7725DCF204BB63C00798909EE60CCC6B" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known to inhabit the Arroyo Catalancito and a lagoon near Franquia,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB6D23B8CDCEC923B39B4A20CCB79D18" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cuarein basin, Departmento Artigas, Uruguay (Fig. 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1A3C782324EE037BD2B772F519511A04" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE0F669CE2BBDCEBDB93B86315AA8A86" pageNumber="28">Etymology. From the masculine, nominative, singular, Greek adjective olopteroj [= holopteros], meaning the whole (i. e. undivided) fins, in reference to the unbranched pelvic-fin rays.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1483DD21ECEA18FA0F5852E1202304B7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6DC57DCC277122AFF6A090590F67CD72" lastPageNumber="29" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Phylogenetic relationships. A total of 2209 equally most parsimonious cladograms were found (length = 755, CI = 0.35, RI = 0.75), with three equally most parsimonious trees describing variation in topology concerning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="133ED7184B17B8B1360AB8B44412F2CE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species relationships.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C64D7AEBC26A2069EB6E65A5A936CA2A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
topologies obtained are partially isomorphic with those discussed in Lucinda (2005). However, the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8342D66EE18A92A04B8A6BB24C83AB6" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">C. holopteros</taxonomicName>
|
||
resolved the basal polytomy of Lucinda´s hypothesis (2005: 262; Fig. 2). All most parsimonious cladograms indicate: (1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C24A47471AC885E41668AB238EEFD7C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE4B7888-217B-4A6E-B834-0B263476790C" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon raddai Meyer & Etzel 2001:248" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raddai">C. raddai</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B46E912769AF57B2CFAAE710D7323BF8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species; (2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBD1EBCBAC2DBE4FB62E76FFA6973628" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp. n. b">Cnesterodon sp. n. B</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to all remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BFBBBCB749D0E0C7B84AA6E3D99D928" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species; and (3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E21ED4501C32DDAFBC2CBE7411086F50" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to a clade composed of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B33EA7BF87E926A04CF7FC18CCD2D6" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">C. decemmaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD5F4B6FF2B6C0D2620519B16B8CCBF0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62421648-3112-4134-870B-88D73FD7386C" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon carnegiei Haseman 1911:385" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnegiei">C. carnegiei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71F88385E4D310C7556B6E2A523C8382" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEB1D80D-C84F-4474-9214-66C42421213F" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon omorgmatos de Lucinda & Garavello 2001:126" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omorgmatos">C. omorgmatos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B4F1B693C7891F2324FF649486334A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5EA2D4EB-DB76-41E9-9A25-CD153E7E4B9E" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon brevirostratus Rosa & Costa 1993:705" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostratus">C. brevirostratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7777E38F191B04426ACD479FF237C8E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A76DCAEB-A2F1-4B74-8A79-E10E8589EA63" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon septentrionalis Rosa & Costa 1993:706" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">C. septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A4854E31BEC284521394E9A650E0E5A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9B1E66A-D0E9-449B-B639-16DF62B86730" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon hypselurus de Lucinda & Garavello 2001:129" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypselurus">C. hypselurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CEA8F2F0757302FB244FE529CA3842F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8C0E4C39-6C18-4AC1-9356-69EBE162E214" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon iguape de Lucinda 2005:263" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iguape">C. iguape</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A strict consensus cladogram appears in Fig. 5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="99979AF73E846A6746BA8A0C3998A649" pageNumber="29">Discussion</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18DE17039725310C6FCD7ED704E7745E" pageNumber="29">
|
||
For the phylogenetic analyses, states for the new species are the following for Lucinda & Reis’ (2005) characters 1 to 144: 002300011? 11-1010000 11-0101111 0112030201 0210100300 003---1102 1100210102 0020000112 0110041000 1110 ----- 0 01000---00 1100102000 0010101210 0010000001 0100. The character states exhibited by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AAB1E4BFD280156D26824797391A3E0" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
|
||
allow its recognition as a member of the monophyletic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="686E3B0DB548C702204DADB79D497ACB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is diagnosed by the nine uniquely derived and unreversed features (Lucinda, 2005: 261). Global parsimony of character states in the consensus tree also supports
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81657A9CB81010BCCBCF5DF174052FF4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE4B7888-217B-4A6E-B834-0B263476790C" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon raddai Meyer & Etzel 2001:248" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raddai">C. raddai</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to a clade composed of all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A20C5AF7063A768D67367CFA3D7039D3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07B68B231773BB51E0C7322E8F4034E0" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp. n. b">Cnesterodon sp. n. B</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to all remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="013FB74CC487722E0C699FDA4F744A6A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DEBD9A44DE9310E2BF9D7DD797040F3" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">Cnesterodon holopteros</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to a clade composed of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B65C90D5FAA992167378292A9019F13" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">C. decemmaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3E5FE8133CBBE5D645F50F9AC4589E0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62421648-3112-4134-870B-88D73FD7386C" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon carnegiei Haseman 1911:385" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnegiei">C. carnegiei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D76CA4033F6B70A7262932E9D7547D1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEB1D80D-C84F-4474-9214-66C42421213F" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon omorgmatos de Lucinda & Garavello 2001:126" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omorgmatos">C. omorgmatos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B6371C9BB9B5C4BF5C68C1845969133" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5EA2D4EB-DB76-41E9-9A25-CD153E7E4B9E" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon brevirostratus Rosa & Costa 1993:705" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostratus">C. brevirostratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2C7EF86DB7284AE09235B62C9081716" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A76DCAEB-A2F1-4B74-8A79-E10E8589EA63" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon septentrionalis Rosa & Costa 1993:706" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">C. septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13414D4F3F6041BD825096BCDF01E9C4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9B1E66A-D0E9-449B-B639-16DF62B86730" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon hypselurus de Lucinda & Garavello 2001:129" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypselurus">C. hypselurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4CBD2A797BDE99BCD28EB5614E7A7BA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8C0E4C39-6C18-4AC1-9356-69EBE162E214" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon iguape de Lucinda 2005:263" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iguape">C. iguape</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The generic phylogenetic relationships are not completely satisfactory given the polytomy (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BB87FBA2708F59D4CF960A9DE8D9E27" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">C.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3D38E2A54F1FEE63597157D745B43E9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62421648-3112-4134-870B-88D73FD7386C" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon carnegiei Haseman 1911:385" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carnegiei">carnegiei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A3F09567D162110D129035C04FB81B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEB1D80D-C84F-4474-9214-66C42421213F" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon omorgmatos de Lucinda & Garavello 2001:126" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omorgmatos">C. omorgmatos</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D409E5C58352D24710FB64DAEC2D16" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5EA2D4EB-DB76-41E9-9A25-CD153E7E4B9E" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon brevirostratus Rosa & Costa 1993:705" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostratus">C. brevirostratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC115625CA268A9AACBE79AD9086903" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A76DCAEB-A2F1-4B74-8A79-E10E8589EA63" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon septentrionalis Rosa & Costa 1993:706" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">C. septentrionalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8025F88C1727ED8A74B26B85EB7EC4ED" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9B1E66A-D0E9-449B-B639-16DF62B86730" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon hypselurus de Lucinda & Garavello 2001:129" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypselurus">C. hypselurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54F277AF7773779464B1BB4711C85353" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8C0E4C39-6C18-4AC1-9356-69EBE162E214" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon iguape de Lucinda 2005:263" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iguape">C. iguape</taxonomicName>
|
||
)))), but the cladogram expresses the up-to-date state of knowledge of the relationships among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD450647C0B296CC2A18901AE0761746" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. However, it represents an improvement on the state of knowledge concerning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A82AC224BAD9FD1DE2EF9341C917502" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
infrageneric relationships, given that inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A798B844E8F9DCA37E5E6EED2CDC4516" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holopteros">C. holopteros</taxonomicName>
|
||
resolved the basal polytomy of Lucinda’s (2005) hypothesis (2005: 262; Fig. 2). This is an example on how the discovery of new characters and/or species can help in the clarification of phylogenetic relationships.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C1633A92718CAC6097104132A1FA3300" pageNumber="30">
|
||
It is likely that additional undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60307D44E6B65B129022BA2D567C5061" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BAA795C9-B135-46E7-9B4A-56C328A92833" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cnesterodon Garman 1895:43" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cnesterodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species will be discovered as a result of ever-increasing collecting efforts in scarcely sampled and unsampled South American regions, and to a marked increase in attention to poeciliid fishes in recent years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |