419 lines
52 KiB
XML
419 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27e19a5d-bfc7-4434-9478-5fd9ed0e0b0d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864266" ID-ZooBank="39D641B7-1800-4918-8E88-4EC5FF4BB56C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1682330975026" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Dolibaina, Diego R., Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Casagrande, Mirna M., Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="F84A87F49B32FFC4FF3CA20ABE0EFDC3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5271.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5271 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="0473FF8C9B36FFC3FFABA54BBA00FF32" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on Neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1682444975477" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic notes on Neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dolibaina, Diego R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Reserva Serra Bonita, Camacã, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shen, Jinhui</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Song, Leina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mielke, Carlos G. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Caixa postal 1206, 84.145 - 000 Carambeí, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Casagrande, Mirna M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa postal 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mielke, Olaf H. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa postal 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5271</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>91</mods:start>
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<mods:end>114</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.3</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">27e19a5d-bfc7-4434-9478-5fd9ed0e0b0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7864266</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">39D641B7-1800-4918-8E88-4EC5FF4BB56C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864288" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F84A87F49B32FFC4FF3CA20ABE0EFDC3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F84A87F49B32FFC4FF3CA20ABE0EFDC3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection box="[151,1294,1857,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1294,1857,1884]" box="[151,1294,1857,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,1294,1857,1884]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,1294,1857,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authority="Austin & O. Mielke, 2007" authorityName="Austin & O. Mielke" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,724,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoventris">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,398,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Carystus rufoventris</emphasis>
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Austin & O. Mielke, 2007
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</taxonomicName>
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is a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName authority="(Plotz, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[949,1294,1857,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[949,1130,1857,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Carystus elvira</emphasis>
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(Plötz, 1882)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,1929,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authority="Pl" authorityName="Pl" box="[151,361,1929,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
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<emphasis box="[151,326,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Hesperia elvira</emphasis>
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Pl
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</taxonomicName>
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̂tz, 1882 (
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<typeStatus box="[477,527,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">type</typeStatus>
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locality in South America), currently a valid species of
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<taxonomicName authority="Hubner, [1819]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1157,1436,1929,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1157,1257,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Carystus</emphasis>
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Hübner, [1819]
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus box="[159,209,1966,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName authority="Stoll, 1782" authorityName="Stoll" authorityYear="1782" box="[307,588,1965,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jolus">
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<emphasis box="[307,453,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Papilio jolus</emphasis>
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Stoll, 1782
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</taxonomicName>
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) was described from an unstated number of specimens, one of which was referenced by its number
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<quantity box="[433,517,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.340358" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" unit="in" value="5277.0">5277 in</quantity>
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MFNB (Pl̂tz, 1882a).
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<bibRefCitation author="Godman, F. D." box="[778,955,2001,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" pagination="132 - 155" refId="ref17293" refString="Godman, F. D. (1907) Notes on the American species of Hesperiidae described by Pl ˆ tz. Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 7, 20, 132 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930709487316" type="journal article" year="1907">Godman (1907)</bibRefCitation>
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did not find a sufficiently similar specimen among those accessible to him, and commissioned the reproduction of the original drawing t[afel]. 436 by Pl̂tz. The original of this plate is presumed lost, but these Godman’s copies are in BMNH and t. 436 is show in
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
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. It is likely that another copy of the original drawing of
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<taxonomicName box="[825,926,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
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<emphasis box="[825,926,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">H. elvira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(rather than a drawing made from the actual specimen) was made and eventually published by
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<bibRefCitation author="Draudt, M. W. K." box="[705,851,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" pagination="1160 - 1193" refId="ref16865" refString="Draudt, M. W. K. (1921 - 1924) B. Grypocera, breitk ˆ pfige Tagfalter. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 833 - 1011 + 1046 - 1139, pls. 1113 B + 1160 - 1193." type="journal article" year="1921">Draudt (1921</bibRefCitation>
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–1924) (
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<figureCitation box="[947,1030,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
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). The two renderings are sufficiently similar and only differ in the amount of detail shown, suggesting that Godman’s watercolor may be more accurate than Draudt’s printed version.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864270/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" startId="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" targetBox="[163,1437,390,1044]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1067,1236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,476,1067,1091]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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FIGURE 2. Species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[393,476,1067,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[393,476,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Cabirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[488,507,1068,1092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">a.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="♁ OM" authorityName="♁ OM" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[514,683,1068,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procas">
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<emphasis box="[514,611,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">C. procas</emphasis>
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♁ OM
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</taxonomicName>
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39.533, French Guiana;
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[934,954,1068,1092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">b.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[960,1042,1068,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="junta" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[960,1042,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">C. junta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1054,1150,1068,1092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1054,1150,1068,1092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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♁ OM 88.069, Peru: Madre de Dios;
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[242,259,1104,1128]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">c.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[265,354,1104,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purda" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[265,354,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">C. purda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[366,462,1104,1128]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[366,462,1104,1128]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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♁ OM 81.093, Peru: Loreto;
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[761,781,1104,1128]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">d.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[787,877,1104,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purda" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[787,877,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">C. purda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[888,984,1104,1128]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[888,984,1104,1128]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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copulating pair: ♀ (left), ♁ (right), Ecuador: Napo, Tena, iNaturalist observation 96852968 © David Geale, CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/;
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,169,1176,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">e.</emphasis>
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phylogenetic tree constructed from protein-coding regions of the Z chromosome: different species are shown in different colors, labels of illustrated specimens are highlighted in magenta. Photographs
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[955,991,1212,1236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">a–c</emphasis>
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are by Carlos Mielke.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1282,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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We were not able to find a specimen that looks similar to these illustrations in MFNB, also failing to find a specimen with the number 5277 referenced in the original description of
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<taxonomicName box="[973,1072,1318,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
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<emphasis box="[973,1072,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">H. elvira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, we found a record in the collection catalog for this number, reproduced in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[739,819,1354,1380]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
|
||
. The catalog lists a single specimen of an undetermined (at that time) species from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[457,564,1390,1416]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
collected by Hugo. Judging by the handwriting, this catalog entry was made by the Entomology curator in MFNB Carl Heinrich Hopffer who died in 1876, therefore this specimen existed before the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[433,533,1462,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[433,533,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">H. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1882. It is not clear whether other specimens were known to Pl̂tz at the time of description. The lack of their explicit mention in the description does not necessarily imply the absence of other specimens. Moreover, Pl̂tz listed South America instead of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[832,939,1534,1560]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
as the locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1151,1251,1534,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1151,1251,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">H. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which suggests that there might have been specimens from other localities in South America in addition to 5277 from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1297,1408,1570,1596]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1282,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
|
||
The only known specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[652,751,1606,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,751,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a female from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[952,1059,1606,1632]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
in RMNH collection reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Jong, R." box="[151,320,1642,1668]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" pagination="233 - 268" refId="ref16830" refString="de Jong, R. (1983) Annotated list of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) of Surinam, with descriptions of new taxa. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, 126, 233 - 268." type="journal article" year="1983">de Jong (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[336,420,1642,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
). It differs in wingshape and by the presence of subapical hyaline spots from the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1336,1436,1642,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1336,1436,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">H. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
drawings (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[269,376,1678,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Fig. 3a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and therefore is not the specimen illustrated, which was likely a male. Judging from the round handwritten locality label (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[454,536,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the pin, the female specimen in RMNH is from the ancient collections and therefore might have been collected as part of the same series with the Surinamese specimen 5277 listed in MFNB catalog. Because both specimens are from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[639,749,1786,1812]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
, phenotypically similar to each other, and uniquely different from any other species, we agree with de Jong’s identification of the female as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1037,1134,1822,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1037,1134,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1282,1992]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Austin & O. Mielke, 2007" authorityName="Austin & O. Mielke" authorityYear="2007" box="[199,732,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoventris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,429,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Carystus rufoventris</emphasis>
|
||
Austin & O. Mielke, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[926,999,1858,1884]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1010,1121,1858,1884]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
|
||
) was described on the basis of a single specimen, a male (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[501,585,1894,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Austin, G. T. & Mielke, O. H. H." box="[607,887,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref16622" refString="Austin, G. T. & Mielke, O. H. H. (2007) Hesperiidae of Rondonia, Brazil: Carystus, with descriptions of two new species (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 148, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2007">Austin & Mielke (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compared their new species with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1285,1386,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1285,1386,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and concluded that they are distinct without inspecting any
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[764,861,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[764,861,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens. We sequenced genomes of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1338,1436,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Austin & O. Mielke" authorityYear="2007" box="[242,398,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoventris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[242,398,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">C. rufoventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[606,703,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[606,703,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Jong, R." box="[845,1012,1966,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" pagination="233 - 268" refId="ref16830" refString="de Jong, R. (1983) Annotated list of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) of Surinam, with descriptions of new taxa. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, 126, 233 - 268." type="journal article" year="1983">de Jong (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and suggest that they are conspecific. First, their COI barcodes are 100% identical and they are grouped closely together in the genomic tree (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1351,1423,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,183,1354]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[151,1436,181,1361]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nuclear genome tree of selected Carystina and Hesperiina. The tree is constructed from protein-coding regions. Statistical support values are shown by nodes. For each specimen, its name adopted in this work is given first, and a previously used name is listed in square brackets (if different), supplemented with the DNA sample number, type status, general locality, year of collection (when known), and, for primary type specimens, their repository. Synonyms are given in parentheses preceded by “=”, and in addition by “‡” for unavailable names. The type status refers to this synonym, if the synonym name is provided. Green vertical bar cuts the tree into genera, except Vertica, which is characterized by lower evolutionary rate (leaves are closer to the root compared to most others). Yellow shading denotes genera and its width (horizontal dimension) is proportional to the genetic differentiation within each genus. Taxa discussed in the text are shown in different colors: Carystus elvira (orange), Orthos minka, stat. nov. (green), Orthos orthos (purple), Orthos hyalinus, stat. rest. (olive), Oxynthes (blue, subgenus Oeonus labeled in dark blue), Lindra neroides, comb. nov. (red, neotype labeled in margenta), Lindra brasus (cyan), and Decinea (gray)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Second, the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[293,461,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
look sufficiently similar in appearance to be a pair (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1067,1180,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Fig. 3d, e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Third, they are from localities that frequently harbor the same species in a complex of allopatric similar-looking taxa (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1277,1386,223,249]" name="Suriname" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,224,259,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[237,351,259,285]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
|
||
). However, both specimens differ from the drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1003,1104,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1003,1104,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having subapical hyaline spots, although the spots are reduced in the male. We also see that the male has only one hyaline spot in the forewing discal cell, not two as the female and the drawings, and a male collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1020,1076,331,357]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1088,1258,331,357]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
has no spots at all (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[196,280,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[250,280,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, a photographed live male (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[733,812,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
|
||
) lacks subapical spots at least ventrally. Therefore, the hyaline spots and their number may be variable in this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Austin, G. T. & Mielke, O. H. H." box="[864,1137,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref16622" refString="Austin, G. T. & Mielke, O. H. H. (2007) Hesperiidae of Rondonia, Brazil: Carystus, with descriptions of two new species (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 148, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2007">Austin & Mielke (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the smaller size of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Austin & O. Mielke" authorityYear="2007" box="[235,392,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoventris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[235,392,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">C. rufoventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as one of its characters. However, the specimen shown in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1062,1142,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Carystus elvira (Plötz, 1882). a. Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH]. b. Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (Draudt, 1921–1924). c. Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB]. d. A specimen identified as C. elvira ♀ from Suriname and reported by de Jong (1983) with its label [RMNH]. e. Holotype of Carystus rufoventris Austin & O. Mielke, 2007 ♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata: f. 94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and g. 94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except f are to scale. Photograph a (by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), e by Diego Dolibaina and f, g CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[1114,1142,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
that is more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Austin & O. Mielke" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoventris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">C. rufoventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[369,468,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[369,468,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is even larger than the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1003,1102,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1003,1102,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicates: nearly
|
||
<quantity box="[1305,1385,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
(the ruler photographed together) vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[519,598,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
forewing length in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[818,916,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[818,916,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864274" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864274/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" startId="6.[151,250,1721,1745]" targetBox="[164,1415,188,1697]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,1720,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,618,1720,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">
|
||
FIGURE 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Plotz, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[284,587,1720,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[284,442,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">Carystus elvira</emphasis>
|
||
(Plötz, 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. a.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Godman’s copy of unpublished Pl̂tz’s illustration t. 436 [BMNH].
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1321,1341,1721,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Draudt’s published illustration, dorsal and ventral images rearranged to match Godman’s copy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Draudt, M. W. K." box="[1050,1187,1757,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" pagination="1160 - 1193" refId="ref16865" refString="Draudt, M. W. K. (1921 - 1924) B. Grypocera, breitk ˆ pfige Tagfalter. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 833 - 1011 + 1046 - 1139, pls. 1113 B + 1160 - 1193." type="journal article" year="1921">Draudt, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1924).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1274,1291,1757,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Excerpt from the collection catalog for no. 5277 [MFNB].
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[615,635,1793,1817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">d.</emphasis>
|
||
A specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[902,992,1793,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[902,992,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀ from Suriname and reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Jong, R." pageId="6" pageNumber="97" pagination="233 - 268" refId="ref16830" refString="de Jong, R. (1983) Annotated list of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) of Surinam, with descriptions of new taxa. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, 126, 233 - 268." type="journal article" year="1983">de Jong (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with its label [RMNH].
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[463,480,1829,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">e.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Austin & O. Mielke, 2007" authorityName="Austin & O. Mielke" authorityYear="2007" box="[612,1085,1829,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoventris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[612,818,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">Carystus rufoventris</emphasis>
|
||
Austin & O. Mielke, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♁ from Brazil: Rondônia [DZUP]. iNaturalist observations from Peru: Madre de Dios, Tambopata:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[805,820,1865,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">f.</emphasis>
|
||
94562583, 27-Sep-2019 © David Geale and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1282,1300,1865,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">g.</emphasis>
|
||
94562583 6- Apr-2018 © Joseph See, rotated and brightened. Dorsal and ventral images are on the left and right from each letter, respectively. All images except
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[342,350,1937,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">f</emphasis>
|
||
are to scale. Photograph
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[610,623,1937,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">a</emphasis>
|
||
(by N.V.G.) is © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and is made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1180,1191,1973,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">e</emphasis>
|
||
by Diego Dolibaina and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,159,2009,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">f</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,185,2009,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">g</emphasis>
|
||
CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
|
||
For these reasons, we propose that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Austin & O. Mielke" authorityYear="2007" box="[607,765,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoventris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[607,765,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">C. rufoventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[987,1161,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[987,1161,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Carystus elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl̂tz, 1882):
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Austin & O. Mielke, 2007" authorityName="Austin & O. Mielke" authorityYear="2007" baseAuthorityName="Austin & O. Mielke" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="elvira" status="stat. nov." subSpecies="rufoventris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Carystus elvira rufoventris</emphasis>
|
||
Austin & O. Mielke, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[684,794,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[684,794,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Being conservative, we refrain from synonymizing the two, because of possible consistent wing pattern differences between populations from the Guianas and Rondônia/ Madre de Dios, as described by Austin & Mielke, (2007). We hope to test this taxonomic hypothesis further when additional specimens become available, in particular, a male from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[886,993,691,717]" name="Suriname" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
without apical spots and with two spots in forewing discal cell that would be suitable for
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[701,799,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elvira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[701,799,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">C. elvira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[806,895,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |