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<mods:title id="6397C35F3AAE69507D4BB523FC0C05DA">Endemism among Lord Howe IslandThysanoptera, with new species of Baenothrips (Phlaeothripidae) and Scirtothrips (Thripidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D0DA93A3B3663ED3594F29911F01BF2">Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2EF4957B3C8C92B2AE9A31B57782AD1F">Australian National Insect Collection CSIRO, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 &amp; laurence. mound @ csiro. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6019 - 4762</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5432C43CC821F5941E84DB79E627A433" type="email">laurence.mound@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DE5BEB29E4762671ED3DA46173986C0E">Wells, Alice</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E6BF640597FC77D49A0D1BB15C8BA91">Australian National Insect Collection CSIRO, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 &amp; alice. wells @ csiro. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5581 - 6056</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BF70B0578257A3D891A5846F16FD9B38" type="email">alice.wells@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="E333857FE239FFB966C3FD0CFDD74EB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7530351" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208985827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7530351" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E333857FE239FFB966C3FD0CFDD74EB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E333857FE239FFB966C3FD0CFDD74EB2" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection id="238067E2E239FFB966C3FD0CFE71499A" box="[151,431,691,718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6B253469E239FFB966C3FD0CFE71499A" blockId="1.[151,431,691,718]" box="[151,431,691,718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="306D8305E239FFB966C3FD0CFE71499A" bold="true" box="[151,431,691,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB966C3FD0CFE71499A" ID-CoL="378G" ID-ENA="1291683" authority="Crawford" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,431,691,718]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB966C3FD0CFE71499A" bold="true" box="[151,431,691,718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB966C3FD0CFEF54999" bold="true" box="[151,299,691,718]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Baenothrips</emphasis>
Crawford
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="238067E2E239FFB966C3FD44FDD74EB2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="6B253469E239FFB966C3FD44FE034F0E" blockId="1.[151,1437,763,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
This genus was erected for a single species known only from a single specimen reputed to be from
<collectingCountry id="138D74F9E239FFB96348FD44FA474842" box="[1308,1433,763,789]" name="Guatemala" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
. Subsequently two further species from the Neotropics were placed in this genus, but the remaining six species in
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB966E3FCFCFE9E480A" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1948" box="[183,320,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB966E3FCFCFE9E480A" box="[183,320,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Baenothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are all from the Old World tropics or subtropics (ThripsWiki 2022). They belong to a group of genera that is often referred to as the Urothripines, and species of these genera are usually wingless, and have the tenth abdominal segment long and parallel-sided (
<figureCitation id="F3A128ECE239FFB96498FC34FC8E48F2" box="[716,848,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 113" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1435,181,1807]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 113. Baenothrips species. Metanotum and tergites III 12: (1) moundi; (2) goweri. Head 37: (3) caenosus; (4) bulbosus; (5) goweri; (6) leukos; (7) moundi. Antenna 811: (8) caenosus; (9) bulbosus; (10) goweri; (11) moundi. Tergites IXX: (12) bulbosus; (13) moundi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7524132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7524132/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Figs 1213</figureCitation>
). Variation in colour is commonly reported between samples of such wingless species, and in drawing attention to this situation in
<collectingCountry id="138D74F9E239FFB96274FC10FB54489E" box="[1056,1162,943,969]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0F0B4998E239FFB962C3FC10FAE2489E" author="Mound, L. A." box="[1175,1340,943,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" pagination="83 - 103" refId="ref6651" refString="Mound, L. A. (1972) Species complexes and the generic classification of leaf-litter thrips of the Tribe Urothripini (Phlaeothripidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 20, 83 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9720083" type="journal article" year="1972">Mound (1972)</bibRefCitation>
decided not to consider as separate species each of the colour variants of
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB96522FC6CFB7B48BA" authority="(Stannard)" baseAuthorityName="Stannard" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[886,1189,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Urothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reedi">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB96522FC6CFBFA48BA" box="[886,1060,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Urothrips reedi</emphasis>
(Stannard)
</taxonomicName>
. There is currently no satisfactory explanation for the colour diversity amongst samples of such wingless leaf-litter thrips. However, it may be significant that no males have been found of
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB964E7FBA3FCE84F62" authority="Mound &amp; Wells, 2023" authorityName="Mound &amp; Wells" authorityYear="2023" box="[691,822,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbosus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB964E7FBA3FCE84F62" box="[691,822,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">B. bulbosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB96569FBA4FCA24F62" bold="true" box="[829,892,1051,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="42DD5500E239FFB96569FBA4FCA84F62" box="[829,886,1051,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
although both sexes have been seen of the other two species described below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B253469E239FFB96693FBDBFDD74EB2" blockId="1.[151,1437,763,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
In mainland
<collectingCountry id="138D74F9E239FFB96704FBDCFE644F2A" box="[336,442,1123,1149]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Australia</collectingCountry>
, only two species of
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB964C9FBDCFCF84F2A" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1948" box="[669,806,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB964C9FBDCFCF84F2A" box="[669,806,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Baenothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found commonly. One of these,
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB962E7FBDBFA464F2A" authority="(Stannard)" baseAuthorityName="Stannard" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1203,1432,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenosus">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB962E7FBDBFAC44F2A" box="[1203,1306,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">caenosus</emphasis>
(Stannard)
</taxonomicName>
, has been studied only from southeastern localities. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB96539FB38FB9F4FF6" authority="(Stannard)" baseAuthorityName="Stannard" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[877,1089,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB96539FB38FC1F4FF6" box="[877,961,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">moundi</emphasis>
(Stannard)
</taxonomicName>
has been found widely across the continent south of Brisbane including
<collectingRegion id="A95EFA8BE239FFB9642EFB14FD364F92" box="[634,744,1195,1221]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
, and has also been studied from Lord Howe Island,
<collectingCountry id="138D74F9E239FFB96310FB14FF054FBE" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="138D74F9E239FFB96742FB6FFE6C4FBE" box="[278,434,1231,1258]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. Although over 100 slide-mounted apterae of this species have been studied, only three macropterae have been seen (two from Tasmania; one from Canberra). These macropterae of
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB96299FB4CFAFF4E5A" baseAuthorityName="Stannard" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1229,1313,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB96299FB4CFAFF4E5A" box="[1229,1313,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have each compound eye narrowed ventrally to a row that is only two facets wide. However, three damaged macropterae have been seen from northern Queensland that are essentially similar to
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB96522FA84FC144E02" baseAuthorityName="Stannard" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[886,970,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB96522FA84FC144E02" box="[886,970,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but have the ventral part of the compound eyes consisting of a broad row that is three or four facets wide. Two further unidentified apterae of
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB9628DFAE0FABC4E2E" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1948" box="[1241,1378,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB9628DFAE0FABC4E2E" box="[1241,1378,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Baenothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been studied, one from Western Australia (Barrow Island) and one from Tasmania, and although both are essentially similar to
<taxonomicName id="AC9A4FEAE239FFB96758FA17FEAD4E96" baseAuthorityName="Stannard" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[268,371,1448,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Baenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenosus">
<emphasis id="59EEE87BE239FFB96758FA17FEAD4E96" box="[268,371,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">caenosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they have all three pairs of anal setae almost equally elongate. The significance of the above
<specimenCount id="7D9CFFE0E239FFB966C3FA74FEE14EB2" box="[151,319,1483,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
remains in doubt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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