359 lines
51 KiB
XML
359 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="415DC918EB6E8C41DC3544DB78E9DD39" ID-CLB-Dataset="46454" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3764.5.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3cfa8aa-dc9b-4012-9ce5-45ad3a570559" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="224948" ID-ZooBank="66502B5F-5DBF-4C0C-A09A-6E4D6196D032" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460383630101" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Menegola, Carla & Lanna, Emilio" docDate="2014" docId="C4078793FFDCB7330ABAA3C63BB5FC90" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03764p554.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3764 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paraleucilla oca Cavalcanti, Menegola & Lanna, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="547" masterDocId="383EFFEBFFDBB7390A2DA7303955FF85" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="554" masterPageNumber="537" pageNumber="544" updateTime="1698297159787" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="2953FC77B2A3F228227E1F3FF90D49A2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="98495790AE816D2C7883946F1BCC05FF">
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<mods:title id="4E04F95869C2CE65ABC7EC0E9A0F6840">Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="394D7419616472E79CFD513579C7013B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DB2A6DB7479C3F76138EFBCA47710499">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0BE480C7A791AFD43ACEF5451F56ED4D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2B049A95A992512309AD23EB56CB8A1D">Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0C8AC26A42A9C8EB72C8BC1C9501CC05" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2715AE9BCDB35CB4402EF340D22B666D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9FB7CC3EE776C84BEB3AD46203008F78">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D1AB668D6A4D131B964D62962DF3F4EB">Menegola, Carla</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D92E6B56915EFF388B5BC9AD46924877" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7A32E1F89E829EFF478A39DE72EF9C5D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="749F8AD2D9499873294E2F534E0C27B2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F966452760C59FAA4BD852DE519AEFC6">Lanna, Emilio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7C9DC9D314FFBBFFF7B1D532D0984275">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DCECBC3443F36545BFC60F8BB6AA4C12">
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<mods:title id="5527DC480E8DDB841C2830EDA05D667A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5D1D0F0E0E8A4C9B3531DAD3C825B4E9">
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<mods:date id="20DE0FD585761F58DAD26BFD0A23F42D">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C08009F65CD08533F047E494753FE017" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A0BB1B23BFE35D5739BB78BB57EAEA41">3764</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="086E260549A7B06EDBF0C248CF0760C6" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E2A01DD238CF1D290537714801CFB8F1">5</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="2769C8100AD8BCC9F1E3EA8FFA8F0D08">554</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="ACAD9DE9871C82D6833CB8303113CB20">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F061EBC5D1F1F4D981FDCDE6CFB37615" type="CLB-Dataset">46454</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E607F65A71F56A4BC2A5F212DDA3DCA9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3764.5.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4696427A5A9CD9C9631E7697675EEFB9" type="GBIF-Dataset">a3cfa8aa-dc9b-4012-9ce5-45ad3a570559</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EE378AACF57204CF080A62ED1CB23AEB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A326260BFF3F4845E8A7F97D4B0906A3" type="Zenodo-Dep">224948</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="C4078793FFDCB7330ABAA3C63BB5FC90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6134585" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119414736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6134585" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4078793FFDCB7330ABAA3C63BB5FC90" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4078793FFDCB7330ABAA3C63BB5FC90" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFDCB73E0ABAA3C63894FA95" box="[151,449,1270,1296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0ABAA3C63894FA95" blockId="7.[151,449,1270,1296]" box="[151,449,1270,1296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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<heading id="175981E9FFDCB73E0ABAA3C63894FA95" bold="true" box="[151,449,1270,1296]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0ABAA3C63894FA95" bold="true" box="[151,449,1270,1296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0ABAA3C63809FA95" ID-CoL="4CYRS" box="[151,348,1270,1296]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oca" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0ABAA3C63809FA95" bold="true" box="[151,348,1270,1296]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Paraleucilla oca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDCB73E0B49A3C63894FA95" box="[356,449,1270,1296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFDCB73E0ABAA20D3C12FAD3" box="[151,1351,1341,1366]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0ABAA20D3C12FAD3" blockId="7.[151,1436,1341,2017]" box="[151,1351,1341,1366]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0ABAA20D384BFAD3" bold="true" box="[151,286,1341,1366]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Etymology.</emphasis>
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From Portuguese:
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<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0BDEA20E3B4EFAD0" box="[499,539,1342,1365]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oca">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0BDEA20E3B4EFAD0" box="[499,539,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">oca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, meaning “hollow”. This refers to the large atrial cavity of the
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFDCB73E0EF0A20D3C16FAD3" box="[1245,1347,1341,1366]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFDCB73E0AEAA2513850F98F" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0AEAA2513850F98F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1341,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0AEAA2513814FAFF" bold="true" box="[199,321,1377,1402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0B7DA2513889FAFC" box="[336,476,1377,1401]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0B7DA2513889FAFC" box="[336,476,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Paraleucilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with tubular shape and apical osculum, ornamented by a fringe composed of trichoxeas, sagittal tetractines and diactines of variable size. Inside the sponge body, diactines are rare, small, and restricted to the cortex or an area just below the cortex. There are two categories of triactines and two categories of tetractines in the choanosomal skeleton. The atrial skeleton is formed mainly by tetractines; there are very few triactines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFDCB73E0AEAA1283A66F918" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0AEAA1283A0EF9FC" blockId="7.[151,1436,1341,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0AEAA12838A6F9B4" bold="true" box="[199,499,1560,1585]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFDCB73E0AEAA1283857F9B4" box="[199,258,1560,1585]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFDCB73E0B50A12838BBF9B4" box="[381,494,1560,1585]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="2ABFAE40FFDCB73E0BD6A1293B13F9B4" box="[507,582,1561,1585]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">UFBA</collectionCode>
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POR 4244 [Itaparica’s
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<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E097CA1283D46F9B4" authority="Itaparica" authorityName="Itaparica" box="[849,1043,1560,1585]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina, Itaparica</taxonomicName>
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Island, (
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<geoCoordinate id="299A5042FFDCB73E0E5BA1283DADF9B4" box="[1142,1272,1557,1585]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" precision="15" value="-12.889167">12o53’21”S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="299A5042FFDCB73E0F2DA1283CDBF9B5" box="[1280,1422,1557,1584]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" precision="15" value="-38.684166">38o41’03”W</geoCoordinate>
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), Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia,
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<collectingCountry id="34B97615FFDCB73E0BC6A10C3B66F9D0" box="[491,563,1596,1621]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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;
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<date id="38101045FFDCB73E086CA10C3BE4F9D1" box="[577,689,1596,1620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" value="2011-01-27">27/I/2011</date>
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; depth:
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<quantity id="8B569B60FFDCB73E0922A10C3A32F9D1" box="[783,871,1596,1620]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" unit="m" value="1.0">1 meter</quantity>
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(on artificial substrate); collected by Laura Pioli Kremer, Cristiana Castello Branco and Júlio Cézar Fernandez].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0AEAA1B43A66F918" blockId="7.[151,1436,1341,2017]" box="[199,819,1668,1693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0AEAA1B43830F918" bold="true" box="[199,357,1668,1693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFDCB73E0AEAA1B43857F918" box="[199,258,1668,1693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Itaparica Island, Itaparica, Bahia,
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<collectingCountry id="34B97615FFDCB73E08CBA1B43A7BF918" box="[742,814,1668,1693]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFDCB7330AEAA19838FBFF51" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0AEAA1983CD8F8D4" blockId="7.[151,1436,1341,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0AEAA198380CF944" bold="true" box="[199,345,1704,1729]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Description.</emphasis>
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Tubular sponge (
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<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDCB73E0836A1983B2EF944" box="[539,635,1704,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,409,1816]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paraleucilla oca sp. nov.. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 4244); B—Oscular fringe; C—Detailed view of the base of the oscular fringe, showing sagittal spicules (arrow heads); D—Transverse section showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir); E—Diactine inserted into the sponge body, just below the cortical skeleton (arrow head); F—Tangential view of the atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224953/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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A). The
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFDCB73E08F5A1983A6FF944" box="[728,826,1704,1729]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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measures 5.0 x
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<quantity id="8B569B60FFDCB73E09C2A1983D6EF945" box="[1007,1083,1704,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" unit="cm" value="0.9">0.9 cm</quantity>
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(osculum-basis axis and width, respectively). The color is white when alive and when preserved in ethanol. The surface is smooth, and there is a large apical osculum ornamented by a fringe of trichoxea (
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<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDCB73E091BA1C03ACCF88C" box="[822,921,1776,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,409,1816]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paraleucilla oca sp. nov.. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 4244); B—Oscular fringe; C—Detailed view of the base of the oscular fringe, showing sagittal spicules (arrow heads); D—Transverse section showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir); E—Diactine inserted into the sponge body, just below the cortical skeleton (arrow head); F—Tangential view of the atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224953/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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B). Sagittal tetractines and fusiform diactines are also present around the oscular aperture (
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<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDCB73E08B5A0243BAFF8A8" box="[664,762,1812,1837]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,409,1816]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paraleucilla oca sp. nov.. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 4244); B—Oscular fringe; C—Detailed view of the base of the oscular fringe, showing sagittal spicules (arrow heads); D—Transverse section showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir); E—Diactine inserted into the sponge body, just below the cortical skeleton (arrow head); F—Tangential view of the atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224953/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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C). The former have apical actines curved to the top of the fringe, and the latter are variable in size. The atrial cavity is wide and hispid. The aquiferous system is leuconoid.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB7310AEAA06C3839FEE0" blockId="7.[151,1436,1341,2017]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="545" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
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The cortical skeleton is composed of the basal system of giant tetractines (
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<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDCB73E0E2DA06C3D0AF8F0" box="[1024,1119,1884,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,409,1816]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paraleucilla oca sp. nov.. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 4244); B—Oscular fringe; C—Detailed view of the base of the oscular fringe, showing sagittal spicules (arrow heads); D—Transverse section showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir); E—Diactine inserted into the sponge body, just below the cortical skeleton (arrow head); F—Tangential view of the atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224953/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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D). Small fusiform diactines were observed inserted in the sponge surface or just below the surface, but this was uncommon (
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<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDCB73E0EC8A0B03C12F81C" box="[1253,1351,1920,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,409,1816]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paraleucilla oca sp. nov.. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 4244); B—Oscular fringe; C—Detailed view of the base of the oscular fringe, showing sagittal spicules (arrow heads); D—Transverse section showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir); E—Diactine inserted into the sponge body, just below the cortical skeleton (arrow head); F—Tangential view of the atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224953/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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E). The inarticulated skeleton (outer region) is formed by the apical actine of the cortical tetractines and by the unpaired actine of the subatrial triactines and tetractines, which are also present in the inner region of the sponge. These subatrial triactines can be classified into two categories, based on their shape and size. Giant subatrial triactine I is an abundant
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD3B7310B0AA78D380FFF50" box="[295,346,189,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="545">type</typeStatus>
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, and subatrial triactine II is an uncommon
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD3B7310911A78D3A25FF50" box="[828,880,189,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="545">type</typeStatus>
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. The subatrial tetractines were separated into two categories, also based on their shape and size. Giant subatrial tetractine I is the common
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD3B7310EE9A7D03DA2FF7D" box="[1220,1271,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="545">type</typeStatus>
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, and subatrial tetractine II is uncommon. The atrial skeleton is largely composed of tetractines with their apical actines pointing into the atrial cavity (
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<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD3B7310BA5A61738BDFEC5" box="[392,488,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,409,1816]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paraleucilla oca sp. nov.. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 4244); B—Oscular fringe; C—Detailed view of the base of the oscular fringe, showing sagittal spicules (arrow heads); D—Transverse section showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir); E—Diactine inserted into the sponge body, just below the cortical skeleton (arrow head); F—Tangential view of the atrial skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224953/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="545">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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F). In addition, very rare atrial triactines were observed. Trichoxea were found close to the atrial region.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="18D1660DFFD3B7310ABAA01D3838F81A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224953/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="545" targetBox="[151,1436,409,1815]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFD3B7310ABAA01D3838F81A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1837,1951]" pageId="8" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD3B7310ABAA01D3841F8C6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1837,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="545">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD3B7310B36A01D3890F8C6" box="[283,453,1837,1859]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="545" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD3B7310B36A01D3890F8C6" box="[283,453,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="545">Paraleucilla oca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD3B7310BE3A01D3B4AF8C6" bold="true" box="[462,543,1837,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD3B7310BE3A01D3B4AF8C6" box="[462,543,1837,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="545" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 4244); B—Oscular fringe; C—Detailed view of the base of the oscular fringe, showing sagittal spicules (arrow heads); D—Transverse section showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir); E—Diactine inserted into the sponge body, just below the cortical skeleton (arrow head); F—Tangential view of the atrial skeleton.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFD2B7300AEAA7A73D04FBB0" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD2B7300AEAA7A73867FF35" bold="true" box="[199,306,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Spicules:</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="012C033EFFD2B7300B68A7A738F4FF35" box="[325,417,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1124,1147]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of the holotype of Paraleucilla oca sp. nov. (UFBA POR 4244)." pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Diactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD2B7300815A7A73BCBFF35" box="[568,670,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,824,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,811,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spicules of Paraleucilla oca sp. nov. A—Diactine; B—Cortical tetractine; C—Subatrial tetractine I; D—Subatrial tetractine II; E—Subatrial triactine I; F—Subatrial triactine II; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224954/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A): Fusiform, slightly curved, with sharp tips. The size is highly variable, and they are more abundant at the oscular fringe. [300 – 604.0 ± 187.5 – 900/ 20.0 ± 4.1 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFD2B7300FBFA78C385CFF7D" pageId="9" pageNumber="546" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Cortical tetractine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD2B7300BD0A7EF3B35FF7D" box="[509,608,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,824,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,811,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spicules of Paraleucilla oca sp. nov. A—Diactine; B—Cortical tetractine; C—Subatrial tetractine I; D—Subatrial tetractine II; E—Subatrial triactine I; F—Subatrial triactine II; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224954/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B): Giant and sagittal. Actines are conical and sharp. Either basal actines have the same length or the unpaired actine is slightly shorter than the paired ones. The apical actine is straight. [Paired actines: 350 – 503.0 ±72.4 – 650/ 58.2 ± 6.5 µm; unpaired actine: 210 – 481.7 ±110.8 – 680/ 55.8 ±6.2 µm; apical actine: 400 – 638.7 ± 123.1 – 810/ 56.2 ± 7.1 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFD2B730091EA67C3AE1FEE0" box="[819,948,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Subatrial tetractine I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD2B7300E93A67C3C7CFEE1" box="[1214,1321,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,291,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,291,1540]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histograms and box plots of the spicule measurements for the three new species: A— P. solangeae sp. nov.; B – E— P. o c a sp. nov. and F-H: P. incomposita sp. nov. A—Histograms showing the distributions of actine length for the subatrial triactines of the paratype of P. solangeae sp. nov. (UFBA POR 4242; top panel: paired actines, bottom panel: unpaired actines). B – C—Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. oca sp. nov. (B—paired actines and C—unpaired actines). D – E— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial tetractines of P. o c a sp. nov. (D—paired actines and E—unpaired actines). F – H— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. incomposita sp. nov. (F—paired actines; G—unpaired actines and Hapical actines). Each box displays the median and upper and lower quartiles of the spicules measurements for each category. Box whiskers represent the maximum and minimum range. The p-value indicates a significant difference between spicule categories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224952/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E; 6C): Similar to the previous category, but with a different apical actine. Basal actines have the same length, or the unpaired actine is slightly shorter than the paired ones. The apical actine is curved, shorter and thinner than the basal ones. [Paired actines: 290 – 521.3 ±115.2 – 730/ 56.0 ±10.2 µm; unpaired actine: 380 – 592.7 ± 95.7 – 780/ 57.8 ± 9.8 µm; apical actine: 100 – 173.6 ± 35.6 – 220/ 45.4 ±6.1 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFD2B7300E28A6EC3DD9FE70" box="[1029,1164,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Subatrial tetractine II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD2B7300AB3A6CF3858FD9D" box="[158,269,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,291,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,291,1540]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histograms and box plots of the spicule measurements for the three new species: A— P. solangeae sp. nov.; B – E— P. o c a sp. nov. and F-H: P. incomposita sp. nov. A—Histograms showing the distributions of actine length for the subatrial triactines of the paratype of P. solangeae sp. nov. (UFBA POR 4242; top panel: paired actines, bottom panel: unpaired actines). B – C—Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. oca sp. nov. (B—paired actines and C—unpaired actines). D – E— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial tetractines of P. o c a sp. nov. (D—paired actines and E—unpaired actines). F – H— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. incomposita sp. nov. (F—paired actines; G—unpaired actines and Hapical actines). Each box displays the median and upper and lower quartiles of the spicules measurements for each category. Box whiskers represent the maximum and minimum range. The p-value indicates a significant difference between spicule categories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224952/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E; 6D): All actines are slightly conical, with sharp tips. In the basal system, paired actines are in general curved and shorter than the unpaired actine. The apical actine is thin, short, and curved. [Paired actines: 180 – 289.5 ± 56.6 – 380/ 30.5 ± 6.0 µm; unpaired actine: 200 – 326.0 ±94.9 – 510/ 32.5 ±6.0 µm; apical actine: it was not possible to measure these actines due to the positioning of the spicules on the microscope slides (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFD2B7300FBFA55C385CFD2D" pageId="9" pageNumber="546" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Subatrial triactine I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD2B7300826A5BF3B38FD2D" box="[523,621,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,824,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,811,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spicules of Paraleucilla oca sp. nov. A—Diactine; B—Cortical tetractine; C—Subatrial tetractine I; D—Subatrial tetractine II; E—Subatrial triactine I; F—Subatrial triactine II; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224954/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E): Giant and slightly sagittal. Actines are conical and sharp. In general, the paired actines are curved and have the same size, or they are shorter than the unpaired actine; however, some spicules have all actines that are all different sizes. [Paired actines: 320 – 490.7 ±86.2 – 710/ 48.5 ± 9.7 µm; unpaired actine: 380 – 577.3 ± 85.3 – 710/ 49.8 ± 9.7 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFD2B7300957A5CC3D55FC90" box="[890,1024,764,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Subatrial triactine II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD2B7300F3AA5CC3C29FC90" box="[1303,1404,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,824,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,811,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spicules of Paraleucilla oca sp. nov. A—Diactine; B—Cortical tetractine; C—Subatrial tetractine I; D—Subatrial tetractine II; E—Subatrial triactine I; F—Subatrial triactine II; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224954/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F): Sagittal and variable in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD2B7300BC9A42F3B1DFCBD" box="[484,584,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,291,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,291,1540]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histograms and box plots of the spicule measurements for the three new species: A— P. solangeae sp. nov.; B – E— P. o c a sp. nov. and F-H: P. incomposita sp. nov. A—Histograms showing the distributions of actine length for the subatrial triactines of the paratype of P. solangeae sp. nov. (UFBA POR 4242; top panel: paired actines, bottom panel: unpaired actines). B – C—Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. oca sp. nov. (B—paired actines and C—unpaired actines). D – E— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial tetractines of P. o c a sp. nov. (D—paired actines and E—unpaired actines). F – H— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. incomposita sp. nov. (F—paired actines; G—unpaired actines and Hapical actines). Each box displays the median and upper and lower quartiles of the spicules measurements for each category. Box whiskers represent the maximum and minimum range. The p-value indicates a significant difference between spicule categories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224952/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B,C). Actines range from cylindrical to slightly conical, with sharp tips. In general, the paired actines are curved and shorter than the unpaired actine, but sometimes the actines are straight or equiradiated. [Paired actines: 110 – 238.3 ±58.9 – 370/ 16.1 ± 5.2 µm; unpaired actine: 200 – 364.0 ± 89.1 – 550/ 17.5 ± 6.5 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFD2B7300B4AA4BC38BFFC20" box="[359,490,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Atrial tetractine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD2B73008ECA4BC3A77FC20" box="[705,802,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,824,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,811,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spicules of Paraleucilla oca sp. nov. A—Diactine; B—Cortical tetractine; C—Subatrial tetractine I; D—Subatrial tetractine II; E—Subatrial triactine I; F—Subatrial triactine II; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224954/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G): All actines are cylindrical with sharp tips. Actines of the basal system are sometimes uniform. Sometimes, however the size of the unpaired actine varies, and the unpaired actine may be larger than the others. The apical actine is short, smooth and curved. [Paired actines: 210 – 318.7 ± 39.1 – 390/ 11.5 ± 2.3 µm; unpaired actine: 130 – 261.3 ± 78.6 – 420/ 11.8 ±2.4 µm; apical actine: 70 – 109.2 ±18.1 – 140/ 10.5 ±1.5 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFD2B7300811A32C3BEBFBB0" box="[572,702,1052,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Trichoxea: Straight and very thin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="18D1660DFFD2B7300ABAA3543DE2FBFE" box="[151,1207,1123,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFD2B7300ABAA3543DE2FBFE" blockId="9.[151,1207,1123,1147]" box="[151,1207,1123,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD2B7300ABAA354385DFBFE" bold="true" box="[151,264,1124,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule measurements of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD2B73008E6A3533A2BFBFE" box="[715,894,1123,1147]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="546" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD2B73008E6A3533A2BFBFE" box="[715,894,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Paraleucilla oca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD2B73009A9A3543A8FFBFE" box="[900,986,1124,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD2B73009A9A3543A8FFBFE" bold="true" box="[900,986,1124,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(UFBA POR 4244).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFD2B7300AB2A3A63C0CFB29" blockId="9.[159,1376,1174,1899]" box="[159,1369,1174,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Spicule Actine Length (µm) Width (µm) N</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFD2B73008D2A3F13DBFFB53" blockId="9.[159,1376,1174,1899]" box="[767,1258,1216,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Mean SD Mean SD</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFD2B7330AB2A3D938FBFF51" blockId="9.[159,1376,1174,1899]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">
|
||
Diactines -- 604.0 187.5 20.0 4.1 10 Cortical tetractines paired 503.0 72.4 58.2 6.5 30 unpaired 481.7 110.8 55.8 6.2 30 apical 638.7 123.1 56.2 7.1 30 Subatrial tetractines I paired 521.3 115.2 56.0 10.2 30 unpaired 592.7 95.7 57.8 9.8 30 apical 173.6 35.6 45.4 6.1 11 Subatrial tetractines II paired 289.5 56.6 30.5 6.0 20 unpaired 326.0 94.9 32.5 6.0 20 Subatrial triactines I paired 490.7 86.2 48.5 9.7 30 unpaired 577.3 85.3 49.8 9.7 30 Subatrial triactines II paired 238.3 58.9 16.1 5.2 47 unpaired 364.0 89.1 17.5 6.5 47 Atrial tetractines paired 318.7 39.1 11.5 2.3 30 unpaired 261.3 78.6 11.8 2.4 30 apical 109.2 18.1 10.5 1.5 30
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD2B7300AEAA09F387EF84D" bold="true" box="[199,299,1967,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="546">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen was collected on panels (artificial substrate) that had been used for experiments on larval recruitment of marine invertebrates. These panels remained submerged for three months. Therefore, three months is the maximum age of the specimen, which seems to have a high growth rate; it is quite large (a single tube measuring 5.0 x
|
||
<quantity id="8B569B60FFD1B7330B7CA78C38F6FF51" box="[337,419,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" unit="cm" value="0.9">0.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFD1B7330AEAA7EF3BB5FC90" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFD1B7330AEAA7EF3D6AFD00" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330AEAA7EF386EFF7D" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330BD5A7D03BEFFF7D" box="[504,698,224,248]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330BD5A7D03BEFFF7D" box="[504,698,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Paraleucilla oca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD1B73308EBA7EF3A73FF7D" box="[710,806,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B73308EBA7EF3A73FF7D" bold="true" box="[710,806,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, seven other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330EE3A7D03C0FFF7D" box="[1230,1370,224,248]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330EE3A7D03C0FFF7D" box="[1230,1370,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Paraleucilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have diactines in their skeletons:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330BCCA6353A77FE99" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[481,802,260,285]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cucumis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330BCCA6353B09FE99" box="[481,604,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. cucumis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="283F4B74FFD1B7330842A6343A4EFE99" author="Haeckel" box="[623,795,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols. 1 - 3. Berlin Reimer, Vol. 1: 484 pp., Vol. 2: 418 pp., Vol. 3: 60 pls." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B733091FA6353AE8FE99" box="[818,957,260,284]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B733091FA6353AE8FE99" box="[818,957,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. perlucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B73309FDA6353C2DFE99" authority="Row & Hozawa, 1931" authorityName="Row & Hozawa" authorityYear="1931" box="[976,1400,260,284]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B73309FDA6353D05FE99" box="[976,1104,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. princeps</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="283F4B74FFD1B7330E4EA6343C3AFE99" author="Row" box="[1123,1391,260,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refString="Row, R. W. H. & Hozawa, S. (1931) Report on the Calcarea obtained by the Hamburg South-West Australian Expedition of 1905. Science Reports of the Tohoku University, 6 (1), 727 - 809." type="journal article" year="1931">Row & Hôzawa, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330FAAA6353885FEC5" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="saccharata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330FAAA6353841FEC5" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. saccharata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="283F4B74FFD1B7330B0CA617389DFEC5" author="Haeckel" box="[289,456,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. Vols. 1 - 3. Berlin Reimer, Vol. 1: 484 pp., Vol. 2: 418 pp., Vol. 3: 60 pls." type="book chapter" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330BF6A6193B31FEC5" box="[475,612,296,320]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330BF6A6193B31FEC5" box="[475,612,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. sphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B733085FA6193BABFEC5" box="[626,766,296,320]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B733085FA6193BABFEC5" box="[626,766,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD1B7330929A6173A0BFEC5" box="[772,862,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330929A6173A0BFEC5" bold="true" box="[772,862,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B73309B7A6193D68FEBA" box="[922,1085,296,320]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incomposita" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B73309B7A6193D68FEBA" box="[922,1085,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. incomposita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD1B7330E69A6173DC8FEC5" box="[1092,1181,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330E69A6173DC8FEC5" bold="true" box="[1092,1181,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Nevertheless, with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330B05A67D38E7FEE1" box="[296,434,332,356]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330B05A67D38E7FEE1" box="[296,434,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. sphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330BC5A67D3B20FEE1" box="[488,629,332,356]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330BC5A67D3B20FEE1" box="[488,629,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD1B7330856A67C3B80FEE0" box="[635,725,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330856A67C3B80FEE0" bold="true" box="[635,725,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, all the other five species have a tangential layer of triactines in their cortical skeletons, which is absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330858A6413BE3FE0D" box="[629,694,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. o c a</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B73308ECA65F3A4EFE0D" bold="true" box="[705,795,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330980A6403DFAFE0D" box="[941,1199,368,392]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330980A6403DFAFE0D" box="[941,1199,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Paraleucilla sphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330AFBA6A5384EFE29" box="[214,283,405,428]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330AFBA6A5384EFE29" box="[214,283,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. oca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD1B7330B09A6A4382AFE28" box="[292,383,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330B09A6A4382AFE28" bold="true" box="[292,383,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
mainly by the following: the size of its diactines [94 – 177.5 ± 5.8 –315/ 9.0 ±1.2 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330FAAA6A53850FE55" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330FAAA6A53850FE55" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. sphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 300 – 604.0 ± 187.5 – 900/ 20.0 ±4.1 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330932A6893A30FE55" box="[799,869,441,464]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330932A6893A30FE55" box="[799,869,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. oca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD1B7330943A6873A9FFE55" box="[878,970,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330943A6873A9FFE55" bold="true" box="[878,970,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
], the abundance of triactines in its atrial skeleton, and by the categories of subatrial triactines and tetractines that are present. There is one
|
||
<typeStatus id="93158827FFD1B7330ECFA6ED3C47FE70" box="[1250,1298,477,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of triactine/ tetractine in the subatrial skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330812A5313B9FFD9D" box="[575,714,512,536]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330812A5313B9FFD9D" box="[575,714,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. sphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330909A5313A32FD9D" box="[804,871,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. o c a</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B733095EA6CF3A9BFD9D" bold="true" box="[883,974,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
there are two
|
||
<typeStatus id="93158827FFD1B7330E59A5303DFAFD9D" box="[1140,1199,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of subatrial triactine and two
|
||
<typeStatus id="93158827FFD1B7330ADBA5153864FDB8" box="[246,305,549,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of subatrial tetractine (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD1B7330872A5143B9CFDB9" box="[607,713,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,291,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,291,1540]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histograms and box plots of the spicule measurements for the three new species: A— P. solangeae sp. nov.; B – E— P. o c a sp. nov. and F-H: P. incomposita sp. nov. A—Histograms showing the distributions of actine length for the subatrial triactines of the paratype of P. solangeae sp. nov. (UFBA POR 4242; top panel: paired actines, bottom panel: unpaired actines). B – C—Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. oca sp. nov. (B—paired actines and C—unpaired actines). D – E— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial tetractines of P. o c a sp. nov. (D—paired actines and E—unpaired actines). F – H— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. incomposita sp. nov. (F—paired actines; G—unpaired actines and Hapical actines). Each box displays the median and upper and lower quartiles of the spicules measurements for each category. Box whiskers represent the maximum and minimum range. The p-value indicates a significant difference between spicule categories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224952/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–E;
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD1B7330925A5143A24FDB8" box="[776,881,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,824,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,811,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spicules of Paraleucilla oca sp. nov. A—Diactine; B—Cortical tetractine; C—Subatrial tetractine I; D—Subatrial tetractine II; E—Subatrial triactine I; F—Subatrial triactine II; G—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224954/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Figures 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C–F). The presence of four categories of subatrial spicules also distinguishes
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330BFCA5793B43FDE5" box="[465,534,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. o c a</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B733080EA5773BD4FDE5" bold="true" box="[547,641,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B73308E1A5793A0BFDE5" box="[716,862,584,608]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B73308E1A5793A0BFDE5" box="[716,862,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD1B7330945A5773A93FDE5" box="[872,966,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330945A5773A93FDE5" bold="true" box="[872,966,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Moreover, the latter has abundant atrial triactines and tufts of diactines in its skeleton, which do not occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B73309B7A55D3A8BFD01" box="[922,990,621,644]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B73309B7A55D3A8BFD01" box="[922,990,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. oca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD1B73309C8A55C3D6AFD00" box="[997,1087,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B73309C8A55C3D6AFD00" bold="true" box="[997,1087,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFD1B7330AEAA5A03BB5FC90" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD1B7330AEAA5A038D3FD2D" box="[199,390,656,680]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330AEAA5A038D3FD2D" box="[199,390,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Paraleucilla oca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD1B7330BBCA5BF38BBFD2D" box="[401,494,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD1B7330BBCA5BF38BBFD2D" bold="true" box="[401,494,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is defined here based on the analysis of a sole specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="93158827FFD1B7330E8CA5BF3C50FD2D" box="[1185,1285,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
UFBA POR 4244). This species has a skeletal composition that distinguishes it as a species that is new to science. However, we believe that analysis of additional specimens could be necessary to support the spicule measurements presented here, especially for the subatrial triactine categories.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |