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<mods:title id="C891CEE59A812B0718531152C4D259D3">Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24BB433B9DC9791DC64D1F448E08F22D">Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1E3DDF11FB0F954D6BDDE794333D9693">Riera, Pamela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9824F132A72B7C24BB50714A667BA938">Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2318C1FF270A78FDD0FAB2" ID-CoL="7CK3K" authority="(Curran, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Curran" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[151,608,1357,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="productus">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF270A78FDD0FAB2" bold="true" box="[151,608,1357,1384]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF270A78FE2EFABD" bold="true" box="[151,414,1357,1384]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Toxomerus productus</emphasis>
(Curran, 1930)
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<figureCitation id="136FEED3FF2318C1FF270A44FF45FA58" box="[151,245,1394,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 210215" captionStartId="154.[151,264,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,308,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-75@154.[155,1432,308,1709]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURES 210215. Toxomerus calceolatus (Macquart, 1842): (210) female visiting Baccharis sp., Cuchiñí (Photo by Matías Cortés) and (211) male, Santiago (photo by Gabriela Germain). Toxomerus incaicus Sack, 1941: (212) male, lateral view (photo by Kevin Moran, CNC) and (213) male, dorsal view (photo by Kevin Moran, CNC). Scale bars = 2 mm. Toxomerus politus (Say, 1823: (214) dorsal view (photo by Patricia Henríquez). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Toxomerus productus (Curran, 1930): (215) dorsal view (photo by Vicente Valdés). Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4693662/files/figure.png" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Fig. 215</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2318C1FF270A81FD8FFA1B" box="[151,575,1462,1486]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2318C1FF270A81FD8FFA1B" author="Curran, C. H." box="[151,575,1462,1486]" page="5" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" year="1930">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2318C1FF270A81FD8FFA1B" authority="Curran, 1930 a: 5" authorityName="Curran" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,575,1462,1486]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mesogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="productus">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF270A81FE3DFA1B" box="[151,397,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Mesogramma productus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FE240A80FD8FFA1B" author="Curran, C. H." box="[404,575,1462,1486]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref126523" refString="Curran, C. H. (1930 a) New Diptera belonging to the Genus Mesogramma Loew (Syrphidae). American Museum Novitates, 405, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1930">Curran, 1930a: 5</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2318C1FF270AE0FD80FA38" box="[151,560,1493,1517]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2318C1FF270AE0FD80FA38" author="Hull, F. M." box="[151,560,1493,1517]" page="48" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" year="1942">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2318C1FF270AE0FD80FA38" authority="Hull, 1942 a: 48" authorityName="Hull" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,560,1493,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mesogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triradiata">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF270AE0FE3CFA38" box="[151,396,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Mesogramma triradiata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FE220AE3FD80FA38" author="Hull, F. M." box="[402,560,1493,1517]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="44 - 49" refId="ref130161" refString="Hull, F. M. (1942 a) Some new species of Baccha and Mesogramma. Revista de entomologia. Rio de Janeiro, 13, 44 - 49." type="journal article" year="1942">Hull, 1942a: 48</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2318C1FF270AC2FD82F9D9" box="[151,562,1524,1548]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2318C1FF270AC2FD82F9D9" author="Hull, F. M." box="[151,562,1524,1548]" page="27" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" year="1943">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2318C1FF270AC2FD82F9D9" authority="Hull, 1943 a: 27" authorityName="Hull" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,562,1524,1548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mesogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="productus">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF270AC2FE3DF9D9" box="[151,397,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Mesogramma productus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FE240AC2FD82F9D9" author="Hull, F. M." box="[404,562,1524,1548]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="48 - 53" refId="ref130220" refString="Hull, F. M. (1943 a) New species of American Syrphid flies. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 39, 48 - 53." type="journal article" year="1943">Hull, 1943a: 27</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2318C1FF270925FDBEF9FF" box="[151,526,1554,1578]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2318C1FF270925FDBEF9FF" author="Hull, F. M." box="[151,526,1554,1578]" page="20" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" year="1951">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2318C1FF270925FDBEF9FF" authority="Hull, 1951: 20" authorityName="Hull" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,526,1554,1578]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mesogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camilla">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF270925FEC5F9FF" box="[151,373,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Mesogramma camilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FECB0924FDBEF9FF" author="Hull, F. M." box="[379,526,1554,1578]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref130460" refString="Hull, F. M. (1951) New species of Mesogramma (Diptera: Syrphidae). American Museum Novitates, 1480, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1951">Hull, 1951: 20</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2318C1FF270904FE48F99C" box="[151,504,1585,1609]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2318C1FF270904FE48F99C" author="Hull, F. M." box="[151,504,1585,1609]" page="9" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" year="1951">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2318C1FF270904FE48F99C" authority="Hull, 1951: 9" authorityName="Hull" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,504,1585,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mesogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyrilla">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF270904FEDBF99C" box="[151,363,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Mesogramma cyrilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FEC10907FE48F99C" author="Hull, F. M." box="[369,504,1585,1609]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref130460" refString="Hull, F. M. (1951) New species of Mesogramma (Diptera: Syrphidae). American Museum Novitates, 1480, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1951">Hull, 1951: 9</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2318C1FF270966FDA2F9B2" box="[151,530,1615,1640]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2318C1FF270966FDA2F9B2" author="Hull, F. M." box="[151,530,1615,1640]" page="15" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" year="1951">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2318C1FF270966FDA2F9B2" authority="Hull, 1951: 15" authorityName="Hull" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,530,1615,1640]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mesogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanessa">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF270966FEC9F9B2" box="[151,377,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Mesogramma vanessa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FECF0966FDA2F9B2" author="Hull, F. M." box="[383,530,1615,1640]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref130460" refString="Hull, F. M. (1951) New species of Mesogramma (Diptera: Syrphidae). American Museum Novitates, 1480, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1951">Hull, 1951: 15</bibRefCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B3CF80BFF2318C1FF2709A0FD5AF965" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080454648" box="[151,746,1685,1712]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Ecuador" location="Ecuador" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF2709A0FE17F965" bold="true" box="[151,423,1685,1712]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<typeStatus id="54EF4CF4FF2318C1FF2709A0FF62F965" box="[151,210,1686,1712]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Type</typeStatus>
locality and data.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2318C1FE0809A0FDABF965" box="[440,539,1686,1712]" name="Ecuador" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
” (HT,
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,
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FF2318C1FD3709A0FD52F965" box="[647,738,1686,1712]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2318C1FF77098FFA8EF92D" blockId="153.[151,1437,1685,2001]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF77098FFE03F906" bold="true" box="[199,435,1721,1747]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3CF80BFF2318C1FE0C098CFB99F900" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080455936" box="[444,1065,1722,1749]" collectorName="de Azapa" location="Arica y Parinacota" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arica y Parinacota">
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2318C1FE0C098CFD26F901" box="[444,662,1722,1748]" country="Chile" name="Arica y Parinacota" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Arica y Parinacota</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2318C1FD12098CFD6CF901" box="[674,732,1722,1748]" country="Honduras" name="Valle" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Valle</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2318C1FD55098CFCFFF901" box="[741,847,1722,1748]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">de Azapa</collectorName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FCEF098CFB91F900" author="Etcheverry, M." box="[863,1057,1722,1749]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref127618" refString="Etcheverry, M. (1963) Descripciones originales, sinonimia y distribucion geografica de las especies de la familia Syrphidae (Diptera) en Chile. Publicaciones del Centro de Estudios Entomologicos, 5, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1963">Etcheverry 1963</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3CF80BFF2318C1FB88098CFE60F92D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080454873" collectingDate="1985-01-30" collectionCode="MNHNCL, MEUC" collectorName="Codpa &amp; Leg. M. Cerda" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Valle">
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2318C1FB88098CFBEDF901" box="[1080,1117,1722,1748]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2318C1FBDB098CFB07F901" box="[1131,1207,1722,1748]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Codpa</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFEAD496FF2318C1FB75098CFA82F900" box="[1221,1330,1722,1749]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" value="1985-01-30">
<collectingDate id="EFAE2D7EFF2318C1FB75098CFA82F900" box="[1221,1330,1722,1749]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" value="1985-01-30">30.I.1985</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2318C1FAF0098CFF6AF92D" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Leg. M. Cerda</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FF2318C1FF5909E8FED8F92D" box="[233,360,1758,1784]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MNHNCL</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FF2318C1FEC209E8FE78F92D" box="[370,456,1758,1784]" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mqd5-c2qe" name="Universidad de Chile" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MEUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3CF80BFF2318C1FE6B09E8FA8AF92D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080454320" box="[475,1338,1758,1785]" collectingDate="1969-04-23" collectingDateMax="1969-04-24" collectingDateMin="1969-04-23" collectionCode="MEUC" collectorName="Leg. L. E. Pena" elevation="2950" location="Chiapa" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Tarapaca">
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2318C1FE6B09E8FDF4F92D" box="[475,580,1758,1784]" country="Chile" name="Tarapaca" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Tarapacá</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2318C1FDFE09E8FDC4F92D" box="[590,628,1758,1784]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2318C1FDCF09E8FD12F92D" box="[639,674,1758,1784]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8E8BA48DFF2318C1FD0009E8FCB2F92D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD4340FF2318C2FF270A78FDB5FEC9:8E8BA48DFF2318C1FD0009E8FCB2F92D" box="[688,770,1758,1784]" name="Chiapa" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" stateProvince="Tarapaca">Chiapa</location>
,
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FF2318C1FCBE09E8FCD5F92D" box="[782,869,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" unit="m" value="2950.0">
<elevation id="00791565FF2318C1FCBE09E8FCD5F92D" box="[782,869,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" unit="m" value="2950.0">2950 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFEAD496FF2318C1FCC009E8FBAAF92D" box="[880,1050,1758,1784]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" value="1969-04-23" valueMax="1969-04-24" valueMin="1969-04-23">
<collectingDate id="EFAE2D7EFF2318C1FCC009E8FBAAF92D" box="[880,1050,1758,1784]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" value="1969-04-23" valueMax="1969-04-24" valueMin="1969-04-23">2324.IV.1969</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2318C1FB9409E8FB7BF92D" box="[1060,1227,1758,1784]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Leg. L.E. Peña</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FF2318C1FB6A09E8FA81F92D" box="[1242,1329,1758,1784]" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mqd5-c2qe" name="Universidad de Chile" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MEUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFF2318C1FF770837FBBDF804" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2318C1FF770837FB82F8B0" blockId="153.[151,1437,1685,2001]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF770837FEE0F8CE" bold="true" box="[199,336,1793,1819]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FEE60834FDA0F8C8" author="Curran, C. H." box="[342,528,1794,1821]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref126523" refString="Curran, C. H. (1930 a) New Diptera belonging to the Genus Mesogramma Loew (Syrphidae). American Museum Novitates, 405, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1930">Curran, 1930a: 5</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FDDF0834FCADF8C9" author="Hull, F. M." box="[623,797,1794,1820]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="135 - 140" refId="ref130281" refString="Hull, F. M. (1943 c) New species of Baccha and related flies. Entomological News, 54, 135 - 140." type="journal article" year="1943">Hull, 1943c: 27</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 30 (desc.); Fluke, 1956: 229 (cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FB670834FF03F895" author="Etcheverry, M." pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref127618" refString="Etcheverry, M. (1963) Descripciones originales, sinonimia y distribucion geografica de las especies de la familia Syrphidae (Diptera) en Chile. Publicaciones del Centro de Estudios Entomologicos, 5, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1963">Etcheverry, 1963: 61</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FEB30810FE5DF894" author="Etcheverry, M." box="[259,493,1830,1857]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="94 - 96" refId="ref127693" refString="Etcheverry, M. (1970) Syrphidae (Diptera) y Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera) Colectados en la Provincia de Tarapaca (Chile). Revista peruana de Entomologia, 13, 94 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Etcheverry, 1970: 95</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FD8D0810FCD5F894" author="Thompson, F. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S." box="[573,869,1830,1857]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref141458" refString="Thompson, F. C, Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S. (1976) Family Syrphidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Edanee, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49898" type="book chapter" year="1976">
Thompson
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FD0C0811FD44F895" box="[700,756,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
, 1976: 54
</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FC050810FAF7F895" author="Thompson, F. C. &amp; Thompson, B. J." box="[949,1351,1830,1856]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141043" refString="Thompson, F. C. &amp; Thompson, B. J. (2006) A new Toxomerus species from Chile (Diptera, Syrphidae). Studia Dipterologica, 13, 317 - 331." type="journal article" year="2006">Thompson &amp; Thompson, 2006: 324</bibRefCitation>
(key &amp; desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FF58087CFDBBF8B0" author="Borges, Z. M. &amp; Couri, M. S." box="[232,523,1866,1893]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref124925" refString="Borges, Z. M. &amp; Couri, M. S. (2009) Revision of Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 (Diptera, Syrphidae) from Brazil with synonymic notes, identification key to the species and description of three new species. Zootaxa, 2179 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2179.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Borges &amp; Couri, 2009: 50</bibRefCitation>
(key &amp; desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2318C1FD09087CFC3DF8B1" author="Reemer, M." box="[697,909,1866,1892]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="163 - 196" refId="ref136923" refString="Reemer, M. (2010) A second survey of Surinam Syrphidae (Diptera): Introduction and Syrphinae. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 153, 163 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000295" type="journal article" year="2010">Reemer, 2010: 193</bibRefCitation>
(cat. &amp; desc.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2318C1FF770858FB15F85D" blockId="153.[151,1437,1685,2001]" box="[199,1189,1901,1928]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF770858FE1FF852" bold="true" box="[199,431,1901,1928]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">World distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2318C1FE060858FD98F85D" box="[438,552,1902,1928]" name="Argentina" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2318C1FD830858FDC9F85D" box="[563,633,1902,1928]" name="Brazil" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Brasil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2318C1FD340858FD53F85D" box="[644,739,1902,1928]" name="Ecuador" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2318C1FD5E0858FCF8F85D" box="[750,840,1902,1928]" name="Guyana" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2318C1FCE40858FC0DF85D" box="[852,957,1902,1928]" name="Paraguay" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2318C1FC780858FB9AF85D" box="[968,1066,1902,1928]" name="Uruguay" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2318C1FBD00858FB10F85D" box="[1120,1184,1902,1928]" name="Chile" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2318C1FF7708A7FB89F879" blockId="153.[151,1437,1685,2001]" box="[199,1081,1937,1964]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF7708A7FE70F87E" bold="true" box="[199,448,1937,1963]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Chilean distribution.</emphasis>
From
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2318C1FDB908A4FD69F879" box="[521,729,1938,1964]" country="Chile" name="Arica y Parinacota" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Arica y Parinacota</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2318C1FD4D08A4FCD2F879" box="[765,866,1938,1964]" country="Chile" name="Tarapaca" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Tarapacá</collectingRegion>
regions (
<figureCitation id="136FEED3FF2318C1FC7A08A4FB9EF879" box="[970,1070,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 220" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[210,1373,200,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-23@158.[201,1386,181,1860]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 220. Distribution map of Toxomerus species in Chile: Toxomerus calceolatus (Macquart, 1842) (green circles); Toxomerus floralis (Fabricius, 1798) (light blue circles); Toxomerus politus (violet triangle); Toxomerus productus (Curran, 1930) (yellow circles); Toxomerus schlingeri Thompson &amp; Thompson, 2006 (blue circles); Toxomerus vertebratus (Rondani, 1863) (red triangle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4693676/files/figure.png" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Fig. 220</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2318C1FF770883FBBDF804" blockId="153.[151,1437,1685,2001]" box="[199,1037,1973,2001]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2318C1FF770883FE2CF805" bold="true" box="[199,412,1973,2000]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Altitudinal range.</emphasis>
From coastal to highland ecosystems (
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FF2318C1FCE00880FC79F804" box="[848,969,1974,2001]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4775" metricValueMax="2.95" metricValueMin="0.005" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" unit="m" value="1477.5" valueMax="2950.0" valueMin="5.0">52950 m</quantity>
.a.s.l.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFF2018C2FF770FA0FDB5FEC9" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2018C2FF770FA0FBBCFF01" blockId="154.[151,1436,150,284]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2018C2FF770FA0FE1EFF65" bold="true" box="[199,430,150,176]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Biology and notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2018C2FE0B0FA1FD01FF65" baseAuthorityName="Curran" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[443,689,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="productus">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2018C2FE0B0FA1FD01FF65" box="[443,689,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Toxomerus productus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an aphidophagous native species associated with crops and
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2018C2FF270F8CFEBDFF01" box="[151,269,186,212]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
pests. All other aspects of its biology and ecology remain unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2018C2FF770FE8FDB5FEC9" blockId="154.[151,1436,150,284]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2018C2FF770FE8FE0FFF2D" bold="true" box="[199,447,222,248]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Conservation status.</emphasis>
LC; EOO =
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FF2018C2FDEE0FE8FD69FF2D" box="[606,729,222,249]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6531" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" unit="km" value="86.531">86,531 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C215F1EFF2018C2FD690FE8FD51FF39" attach="left" box="[729,737,222,236]" fontSize="6" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">2</superScript>
, AOO =
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FF2018C2FCE30FE8FC2DFF2D" box="[851,925,222,248]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C215F1EFF2018C2FC2D0FE8FC15FF39" attach="left" box="[925,933,222,236]" fontSize="6" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">2</superScript>
and three localities. This species is widely distributed in all South America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>