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<document id="0C90724C13E3D67713F896677535E947" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3741.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10099866" ID-ZooBank="6B2E0F80-73A2-4F66-B1A6-2D9481EAAB74" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629939946815" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bartsch, Daniel" docDate="2013" docId="03E587E7FFC24404FF4FFE17FE64DA36" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03741p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3741 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3741.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Anaudia felderi Wallengren 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFDCFF9FFFCF440AFFD8FF83FFA5DF63" masterDocTitle="Revisionary checklist of the Southern African Sesiini (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) with description of new species" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1699599110793" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7F2468A0911213C9FEE02EFD7D3F1DCD">Revisionary checklist of the Southern African Sesiini (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) with description of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BBAECE963EEC1AAD36B0646350B750C6">Bartsch, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="8E317AD12A80EB3D88B32AC8B93768A5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3741.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="668EA8C4998CF27AF69DAD1F7D36C481" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E587E7FFC24404FF4FFE17FE64DA36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5475312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587E7FFC24404FF4FFE17FE64DA36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587E7FFC24404FF4FFE17FE64DA36" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C356657AFFC24407FF4FFE17FD90DECD" box="[151,565,404,430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC24407FF4FFE17FD90DECD" blockId="13.[151,675,404,463]" box="[151,565,404,430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0BB819DFFC24407FF4FFE17FD90DECD" bold="true" box="[151,565,404,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC24407FF4FFE17FD90DECD" ID-CoL="DJHN" authority="Wallengren, 1863" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,565,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felderi">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FF4FFE17FD90DECD" bold="true" box="[151,565,404,430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FF4FFE17FEF1DECD" bold="true" box="[151,340,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anaudia felderi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B00FFC24407FE84FE17FD90DECD" author="Wallengren" box="[348,565,404,430]" firstAuthor="Wallengren" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="137 - 151" refId="ref29723" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1863) Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen. III. Wiener entomologische Monatsschrift, 7 (5), 137 - 151." type="journal article" year="1863">Wallengren, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356657AFFC24407FF4FFE35FBE0DDFE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC24407FF4FFE35FD06DEAC" blockId="13.[151,675,404,463]" box="[151,675,438,463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FF4FFE35FEB2DEAC" box="[151,279,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–36" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,233,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-114@32.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 25–36. Specimens of Alonina Walker, 1856; Anaudia Wallengren, 1863 and Austrosetia Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: 25– 27. Alonina fusca new sp. (25–26) ♂ holotype; (27) ♀ paratype. 28–32. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, (28–29) ♂, pale specimen, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort; (30) ♂, dark specimen, ibid.; (31) ♀ syntype; (32) ♀, Tswalu Resort. 33. Anaudia thyranthrena new sp., ♂ holotype. 34 Alonina rufa new sp., ♀, paratype, Knysna (paralectotype of Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874). 35–36. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: (35) ♀ lectotype; (36) ♀, original figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099873/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 28–32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FEFAFE35FECEDEAC" box="[290,363,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 73–78" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[173,1430,193,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-94@36.[173,1458,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 73–78. Living specimens and life-history: 73–74. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874, Eastern Cape Province, 50 km W Graaf-Reinet, E Mt. Torberg, (73) ♂; (74) ♀. 75–78. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort, (75) ♀, pale specimen showing resting position; (76) exit-tubes with dead pupa and exuvia; (77) root stock of the host plant with exit tubes showing presence of larvae/pupae; (78) host plant Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">75–78</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FEAEFE35FE31DEAC" box="[374,404,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–91" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1763,1786]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,202,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-70@38.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 84–91. Wing venations: (84) Cicinnoscelis longipes Holland, 1893; (85) Alonina rygchiiformis Walker, 1856; (86) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, syntype; (87) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874; (88) Felderiola candescens (Felder &amp; Felder, 1874); (89) Monopetalotaxis doleriformis (Walker, 1856); (90) Hagnogyna sanguicosta (Hampson, 1919); (91) Vespanthedon cerceris Le Cerf, 1917, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099887/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">86</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FE78FE35FE1BDEAC" box="[416,446,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–98" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1760,1783]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,227,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-58@39.[151,1436,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 92–98. Male antennae: (92) Alonina pyrocraspis (Hampson, 1910); (93) Alonina rygchiiformis Walker, 1856; (94) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863; (95) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874; (96) Felderiola candescens (Felder &amp; Felder, 1874); (97) Monopetalotaxis doleriformis (Walker, 1856); (98) Hagnogyna bartschi (Freina, 2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099889/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">94</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FE12FE35FE53DEAC" box="[458,502,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–106" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-70@40.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 99–106. Scanning electron microscope pictures of antennae: (99) Cicinnoscelis flavipes new sp., #f holotype; (100) Alonina rygchiiformis Walker, 1856; (101) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863; (102) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874; (103) Felderiola karooensis new sp.; (104) Monopetalotaxis doleriformis (Walker, 1856); (105) Hagnogyna bartschi (Freina, 2011); (106) Sesia bembeciformis (Hübner, 1803)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099891/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">101</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FDDAFE35FD88DEAC" box="[514,557,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 113–114" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1414,193,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-37@44.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 113–114. Male genitalia of Anaudia Walker, 1856: (113) A. felderi Wallengren, 1863; (114) A. thyranthrena new sp, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099899/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">113</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FDE1FE35FD3BDEAC" box="[569,670,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 124–126" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1442,1465]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,193,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-46@50.[151,1436,193,1421]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 124–126. Female genitalia of Anaudia Walker, 1856 and Austrosetia Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: (124–125) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863 (124 syntype); (126) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099911/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">124–125</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC24407FF4FFE7DFB82DD50" blockId="13.[151,1436,510,563]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Literature.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B00FFC24407FED4FE7DFE5CDD77" author="Wallengren" box="[268,505,510,532]" firstAuthor="Wallengren" page="138" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="137 - 151" refId="ref29723" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1863) Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen. III. Wiener entomologische Monatsschrift, 7 (5), 137 - 151." type="journal article" year="1863">Wallengren 1863: 138</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B00FFC24407FDD0FE7CFD44DD77" author="Hampson" box="[520,737,510,532]" firstAuthor="Hampson" page="112" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="46 - 119" refId="ref28526" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1919) A classification of the Aegeriadae of the Oriental and Ethiopian Regions. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 46 - 119." type="journal article" year="1919">Hampson 1919: 112</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B00FFC24407FD28FE7DFBE8DD77" author="Dalla Torre &amp; Strand" box="[752,1101,510,532]" firstAuthor="Dalla Torre" page="175" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref27751" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. &amp; Strand, E. (1925) Aegeriidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 31. W. Junk, Berlin, 202 pp." type="book" year="1925">Dalla Torre &amp; Strand 1925: 175</bibRefCitation>
; Gaede 1929: 535;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B00FFC24407FAFDFE7CFE3EDD50" author="Heppner &amp; Duckworth" firstAuthor="Heppner" page="42" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref28716" refString="Heppner, J. B. &amp; Duckworth, W. D. (1981) Classification of the Superfamily Sesioidea (Lepidoptera, Ditrysia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 314, 1 - 144. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.314" type="journal article" year="1981">Heppner &amp; Duckworth 1981: 42</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B00FFC24407FE7EFD9EFD4FDD50" author="Vari, Kroon &amp; Kruger" box="[422,746,541,563]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="67" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref29547" refString="Vari, L., Kroon, D. M. &amp; Kruger, M. (2002) Classification and Checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in Southern Afrika. Simple Solutions, Chatswood, Australia, 384 pp." type="book" year="2002">Vári, Kroon &amp; Krüger 2002: 67</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B00FFC24407FD2CFD9EFB86DD50" author="Puhringer &amp; Kallies" box="[756,1059,541,563]" firstAuthor="Puhringer" page="43" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="185" refId="ref29350" refString="Puhringer, F. &amp; Kallies, A. (2004) Provisional checklist of the Sesiidae of the world (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia). Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Salzkammergut, 4, 185. Available from: http: // www. sesiidae. net / Checklst. htm (accessed 30 October 2013)" type="journal article" year="2004">Pühringer &amp; Kallies 2004: 43</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC24407FF4FFDDCFBE0DDFE" blockId="13.[151,1436,607,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Specimens examined.
<materialsCitation id="3B243CACFFC24407FE74FDDCFBE4DDFE" collectionCode="NRMS" collectorName="Wahlberg" country="Botswana" location="Lake N'Gami" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FE74FDDCFDB0DD1B" bold="true" box="[428,533,607,632]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="54F78853FFC24407FE74FDDCFDB5DD1B" box="[428,528,607,632]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FDFCFDDCFDF0DD14" box="[548,597,607,632]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(fig. 31) “In territorio lacus N'Gami [
<location id="8E93602AFFC24407FBF6FDDCFB74DD1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587E7FFC24404FF4FFE17FE64DA36:8E93602AFFC24407FBF6FDDCFB74DD1B" box="[1070,1233,607,632]" country="Botswana" name="Lake N'Gami" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lake N'Gami</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35B7661FFC24407FB3CFDE3FAF0DD14" box="[1252,1365,608,631]" name="Botswana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Botswana</collectingCountry>
] legit
<collectorName id="26B95327FFC24407FF4FFD07FEA0DDFE" box="[151,261,644,669]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Wahlberg</collectorName>
” (gen. prep. Bartsch 2007–25,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FDBAFD07FD67DDFE" box="[610,706,644,669]" captionStart="FIGURES 124–126" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1442,1465]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,193,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-46@50.[151,1436,193,1421]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 124–126. Female genitalia of Anaudia Walker, 1856 and Austrosetia Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: (124–125) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863 (124 syntype); (126) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099911/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
; wing venation,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FCA3FD07FC69DDFE" box="[891,972,644,669]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–91" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1763,1786]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,202,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-70@38.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 84–91. Wing venations: (84) Cicinnoscelis longipes Holland, 1893; (85) Alonina rygchiiformis Walker, 1856; (86) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, syntype; (87) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874; (88) Felderiola candescens (Felder &amp; Felder, 1874); (89) Monopetalotaxis doleriformis (Walker, 1856); (90) Hagnogyna sanguicosta (Hampson, 1919); (91) Vespanthedon cerceris Le Cerf, 1917, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099887/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE34FFC24407FC3BFD07FB9DDDFE" box="[995,1080,644,669]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NRMS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356657AFFC24407FF1FFD24FCFBDBF7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC24407FF1FFD24FB77DC16" blockId="13.[151,1436,607,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FF1FFD24FE74DDA3" bold="true" box="[199,465,679,704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Additional specimens:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FE00FD24FDB4DDDC" box="[472,529,679,704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">27 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FDF8FD24FD06DDA3" box="[544,675,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–36" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,233,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-114@32.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 25–36. Specimens of Alonina Walker, 1856; Anaudia Wallengren, 1863 and Austrosetia Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: 25– 27. Alonina fusca new sp. (25–26) ♂ holotype; (27) ♀ paratype. 28–32. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, (28–29) ♂, pale specimen, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort; (30) ♂, dark specimen, ibid.; (31) ♀ syntype; (32) ♀, Tswalu Resort. 33. Anaudia thyranthrena new sp., ♂ holotype. 34 Alonina rufa new sp., ♀, paratype, Knysna (paralectotype of Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874). 35–36. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: (35) ♀ lectotype; (36) ♀, original figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099873/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 28–30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FD77FD24FD6BDDA3" box="[687,718,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–91" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1763,1786]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,202,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-70@38.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 84–91. Wing venations: (84) Cicinnoscelis longipes Holland, 1893; (85) Alonina rygchiiformis Walker, 1856; (86) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, syntype; (87) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874; (88) Felderiola candescens (Felder &amp; Felder, 1874); (89) Monopetalotaxis doleriformis (Walker, 1856); (90) Hagnogyna sanguicosta (Hampson, 1919); (91) Vespanthedon cerceris Le Cerf, 1917, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099887/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">89</figureCitation>
),
<materialsCitation id="3B243CACFFC24407FD3BFD24FBDBDC4E" collectingDate="2010-02-21" collectingDateMax="2010-09-31" collectingDateMin="2010-02-21" collectorName="Apr. &amp; May &amp; D. Bartsch &amp; J. Berg" country="South Africa" elevation="1180" latitude="-27.2575" location="Tswalu Resort" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="22.478334" municipality="Kalahari" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="36" specimenCount-female="33" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Northern Cape">
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FD3BFD24FCB9DDDC" box="[739,796,679,704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">31 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FCF4FD24FC25DDA3" box="[812,896,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–36" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,233,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-114@32.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 25–36. Specimens of Alonina Walker, 1856; Anaudia Wallengren, 1863 and Austrosetia Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: 25– 27. Alonina fusca new sp. (25–26) ♂ holotype; (27) ♀ paratype. 28–32. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, (28–29) ♂, pale specimen, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort; (30) ♂, dark specimen, ibid.; (31) ♀ syntype; (32) ♀, Tswalu Resort. 33. Anaudia thyranthrena new sp., ♂ holotype. 34 Alonina rufa new sp., ♀, paratype, Knysna (paralectotype of Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874). 35–36. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: (35) ♀ lectotype; (36) ♀, original figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099873/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FC54FD24FC0CDDA3" box="[908,937,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURES 73–78" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[173,1430,193,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-94@36.[173,1458,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 73–78. Living specimens and life-history: 73–74. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874, Eastern Cape Province, 50 km W Graaf-Reinet, E Mt. Torberg, (73) ♂; (74) ♀. 75–78. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort, (75) ♀, pale specimen showing resting position; (76) exit-tubes with dead pupa and exuvia; (77) root stock of the host plant with exit tubes showing presence of larvae/pupae; (78) host plant Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">75</figureCitation>
)
<collectingCountry id="F35B7661FFC24407FC61FD24FBE9DDA3" box="[953,1100,679,704]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4988F813FFC24407FB80FD24FAA4DDA3" box="[1112,1281,679,704]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B97AC8BFFC24407FAD5FD24FAD5DDA3" box="[1293,1392,679,704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kalahari</collectingMunicipality>
, ca.
<locationDeviation id="9A412FD3FFC24407FF4FFD4FFEF9DD86" box="[151,348,716,741]" location="Hotazel" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<quantity id="4CB49B14FFC24407FF4FFD4FFF45DD86" box="[151,224,716,741]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
E Hotazel
</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="8E93602AFFC24407FEB0FD4FFDA8DD80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587E7FFC24404FF4FFE17FE64DA36:8E93602AFFC24407FEB0FD4FFDA8DD80" box="[360,525,716,741]" country="South Africa" latitude="-27.2575" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="22.478334" municipality="Kalahari" name="Tswalu Resort" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Tswalu Resort</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB49B14FFC24407FDC2FD4FFDD7DD80" box="[538,626,716,741]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1180.0">
<elevation id="0061D1C2FFC24407FDC2FD4FFDD7DD80" box="[538,626,716,741]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1180.0">1180 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE785036FFC24407FDA7FD4FFCA5DD86" box="[639,768,716,741]" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-27.2575">27°15'27&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE785036FFC24407FCD6FD4FFC34DD86" box="[782,913,716,741]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="15" seconds="42" value="22.478334">22°28'42&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, ex larva
<date id="FFF21031FFC24407FBDAFD4FFB64DD86" box="[1026,1217,716,741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2010-02-21" valueMax="2010-02-23" valueMin="2010-02-21">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E9D9FFC24407FBDAFD4FFB64DD86" box="[1026,1217,716,741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2010-02-21" valueMax="2010-02-23" valueMin="2010-02-21">21.–23.Feb.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, imagines emerged
<collectorName id="26B95327FFC24407FF4FFD6CFF6DDC6B" box="[151,200,751,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Apr.</collectorName>
–
<collectorName id="26B95327FFC24407FF0EFD6CFEACDC6B" box="[214,265,751,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">May</collectorName>
and
<date id="FFF21031FFC24407FE99FD6CFE54DC6B" box="[321,497,751,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2010-08" valueMax="2010-09-31" valueMin="2010-08-00">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E9D9FFC24407FE99FD6CFE54DC6B" box="[321,497,751,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2010-08" valueMax="2010-09-31" valueMin="2010-08-00">Aug.–Sep.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC24407FDC7FD6CFC8DDC6B" box="[543,808,751,776]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sutherlandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FDC7FD6CFC8DDC6B" box="[543,808,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sutherlandia frutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26B95327FFC24407FCB0FD73FC45DC6B" box="[872,992,751,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. Bartsch</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B95327FFC24407FBDDFD73FBF1DC6B" box="[1029,1108,752,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">J. Berg</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FBBCFD6CFBDFDC6B" box="[1124,1146,751,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
gen. prep. Bartsch 2010– 13;
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FF1CFC97FF7CDC48" box="[196,217,788,811]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
2010–20;
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FE8CFC97FECCDC48" box="[340,361,788,811]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
2010–21,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FE3CFC97FDE0DC4E" box="[484,581,788,813]" captionStart="FIGURES 113–114" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1414,193,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-37@44.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 113–114. Male genitalia of Anaudia Walker, 1856: (113) A. felderi Wallengren, 1863; (114) A. thyranthrena new sp, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099899/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 113</figureCitation>
;
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FD8AFC97FDC2DC48" box="[594,615,788,811]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
2010–22,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FD3AFC97FCE1DC4E" box="[738,836,788,813]" captionStart="FIGURES 124–126" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1442,1465]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,193,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-46@50.[151,1436,193,1421]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 124–126. Female genitalia of Anaudia Walker, 1856 and Austrosetia Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: (124–125) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863 (124 syntype); (126) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099911/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
;
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FC8AFC97FCC2DC48" box="[850,871,788,811]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
antennae,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FC3BFC97FB9FDC4E" box="[995,1082,788,813]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–98" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1760,1783]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,227,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-58@39.[151,1436,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 92–98. Male antennae: (92) Alonina pyrocraspis (Hampson, 1910); (93) Alonina rygchiiformis Walker, 1856; (94) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863; (95) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874; (96) Felderiola candescens (Felder &amp; Felder, 1874); (97) Monopetalotaxis doleriformis (Walker, 1856); (98) Hagnogyna bartschi (Freina, 2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099889/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 94</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FB90FC97FBD0DC4E" box="[1096,1141,788,813]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–106" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-70@40.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 99–106. Scanning electron microscope pictures of antennae: (99) Cicinnoscelis flavipes new sp., #f holotype; (100) Alonina rygchiiformis Walker, 1856; (101) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863; (102) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874; (103) Felderiola karooensis new sp.; (104) Monopetalotaxis doleriformis (Walker, 1856); (105) Hagnogyna bartschi (Freina, 2011); (106) Sesia bembeciformis (Hübner, 1803)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099891/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">101</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B243CACFFC24407FB54FC97FB6BDC16" collectingDate="2012-02" collectingDateMax="2013-04" collectingDateMin="2012-02" collectionCode="NRMS, TMPS, SMNS" collectorName="D. Bartsch &amp; J. Berg" country="South Africa" elevation="1280" latitude="-28.072474" location="Olifantshoek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.704306" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Northern Cape">
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FB54FC97FB1FDC48" box="[1164,1210,788,813]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">8 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FB10FC97FB51DC48" box="[1224,1268,788,813]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35B7661FFC24407FADBFC97FA3DDC4E" box="[1283,1432,788,813]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4988F813FFC24407FF4FFCB4FE9ADC33" box="[151,319,823,848]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="4CB49B14FFC24407FE93FCB4FE37DC33" box="[331,402,823,848]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
S
<location id="8E93602AFFC24407FE68FCB4FDE1DC33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587E7FFC24404FF4FFE17FE64DA36:8E93602AFFC24407FE68FCB4FDE1DC33" box="[432,580,823,848]" country="South Africa" latitude="-28.072474" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.704306" name="Olifantshoek" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Olifantshoek</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB49B14FFC24407FD97FCB4FD02DC2C" box="[591,679,823,848]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1280.0">
<elevation id="0061D1C2FFC24407FD97FCB4FD02DC2C" box="[591,679,823,848]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1280.0">1280 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE785036FFC24407FD6BFCB4FCEFDC33" box="[691,842,823,848]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="20.9" value="-28.072474">28°04'20.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE785036FFC24407FC8DFCB4FC4BDC33" box="[853,1006,823,848]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="15.5" value="22.704306">22°42'15.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, ex larva
<date id="FFF21031FFC24407FB83FCB4FB66DC33" box="[1115,1219,823,848]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2012-02-06">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E9D9FFC24407FB83FCB4FB66DC33" box="[1115,1219,823,848]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2012-02-06">6.II.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, imagines emerged
<date id="FFF21031FFC24407FF4FFCDFFF4DDC16" box="[151,232,860,885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2012-02">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E9D9FFC24407FF4FFCDFFF4DDC16" box="[151,232,860,885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2012-02">II.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
–
<date id="FFF21031FFC24407FF2FFCDFFEF6DC16" box="[247,339,860,885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2013-04">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E9D9FFC24407FF2FFCDFFEF6DC16" box="[247,339,860,885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2013-04">IV.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC24407FEA7FCDFFD2DDC16" box="[383,648,860,885]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sutherlandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FEA7FCDFFD2DDC16" box="[383,648,860,885]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sutherlandia frutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26B95327FFC24407FD1EFCDFFC98DC16" box="[710,829,860,885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. Bartsch</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B95327FFC24407FCBAFCDFFC14DC17" box="[866,945,860,884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">J. Berg</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE34FFC24407FC67FCDFFBB6DC16" box="[959,1043,860,885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NRMS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE34FFC24407FBC6FCDFFBCFDC16" box="[1054,1130,860,885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TMPS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE34FFC24407FBADFCDFFB63DC16" box="[1141,1222,860,885]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkund Stuttgart" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SMNS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC24407FF1FFC03FCFBDBF7" blockId="13.[151,1436,607,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
No clear information to the number of types was given in the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC24407FBAFFCFCFA83DCFB" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1863" box="[1143,1318,895,920]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felderi">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FBAFFCFCFA83DCFB" box="[1143,1318,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anaudia felderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Only
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FAACFC03FF46DCDE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
has been found in the NRMS, which is a
<typeStatus id="54F78853FFC24407FD68FC27FCA2DCDF" box="[688,775,932,956]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
according to ICZN Recommendation
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FB6AFC27FB46DCDE" box="[1202,1251,932,957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">73F.</specimenCount>
The designation of a
<typeStatus id="54F78853FFC24407FF10FC44FE8ADC83" box="[200,303,967,992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
seems not necessary because it was the only known specimen for nearly 150 years. It has a wingspan of 20.5 mm, forewing length of 9.2 mm, and antennal length of 5.5 mm. The specimen is partly rubbed off and damaged. The two pale longitudinal lines of the abdomen, which are mentioned by Gaede (1929), are merely descaled parts. Terminal palpomeres are broken off, both hindwings are somewhat damaged by needle holes in the position of the crossvein, legs are missing except for the left fore- and hind leg; the latter is glued to the wrong side of the thorax. The abdomen of the specimen contained
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC24407FCD8FBFFFCFFDBF7" box="[768,858,1148,1173]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="egg">85 eggs</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356657AFFC24404FF1FFB1CFB61DE96" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC24407FF1FFB1CFDCAD99B" blockId="13.[151,1436,607,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FF1FFB1CFD2DDBDB" box="[199,648,1183,1208]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FF1FFB1CFE40DBDB" bold="true" box="[199,485,1183,1208]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description of the male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FE2EFB1CFDD9DBDB" box="[502,636,1183,1208]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–36" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,233,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-114@32.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 25–36. Specimens of Alonina Walker, 1856; Anaudia Wallengren, 1863 and Austrosetia Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: 25– 27. Alonina fusca new sp. (25–26) ♂ holotype; (27) ♀ paratype. 28–32. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, (28–29) ♂, pale specimen, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort; (30) ♂, dark specimen, ibid.; (31) ♀ syntype; (32) ♀, Tswalu Resort. 33. Anaudia thyranthrena new sp., ♂ holotype. 34 Alonina rufa new sp., ♀, paratype, Knysna (paralectotype of Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874). 35–36. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: (35) ♀ lectotype; (36) ♀, original figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099873/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 28–30</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Small to medium sized, robust with wingspan
<quantity id="4CB49B14FFC24407FB73FB1CFA8CDBD4" box="[1195,1321,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="14.0">14–25 mm</quantity>
, forewing length
<quantity id="4CB49B14FFC24407FF3FFB47FEF2DBB8" box="[231,343,1220,1245]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6–12 mm</quantity>
, antenna
<quantity id="4CB49B14FFC24407FE10FB47FD8FDBB8" box="[456,554,1220,1245]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 mm</quantity>
, and body
<quantity id="4CB49B14FFC24407FD76FB47FCBADBB8" box="[686,799,1220,1245]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8–15 mm</quantity>
. Head with labial palpus almost white, ventro-laterally interspersed with some black, bristle-like scales, second and third palpomere with black lateral stripe; antenna clavate, without clearly visible ciliae, black, flagellum distally and ventrally with some light brown scales, scapus ventrally white; frons white, medially somewhat grey; vertex covered with an admixture of white, black and reddish-brown, hair-like scales; pericephalic scales dorsally mixed black and white, laterally white. Thorax black, interspersed with white and some reddish-brown scales and mixed with short, white, hair-like scales; mesothorax medially and sublaterally with indistinct black line; tegula narrow, bordered white; forewing base with white scapular spot. Abdomen black; tergites 1–3 mottled with white and reddish-brown, partially short, hair-like scales; tergites 4–7 interspersed with brownish-grey, medio-dorsally with indistinct, brownish-grey line; tergites 4 and 7 with narrow, pure white posterior margin; sternites densely mottled with brownish-grey; anal tuft black, basally white. Fore leg white, heavily interspersed with black and sparsely with reddish-brown; mid- and hind leg black, densely mixed with white, partially hair-like scales; tarsomeres of all legs distally and mesally white; hind tibia medially white, except for black mesal side; distal half of first hind tarsomere white. Forewing black, densely mottled with grey scales, except for discal cell, a round area distal of the discal spot and distal margin. Hindwing hyaline, margins broad, highly variable in width, wing base, veins and discal spot black. Fringes greyish brown, at hindwing dorsum interspersed with white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC24407FF1FF887FEF1D806" blockId="13.[151,1436,607,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FF1FF887FE56D87E" box="[199,499,1796,1821]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FF1FF887FED6D87E" bold="true" box="[199,371,1796,1821]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FE5BF887FE43D87E" box="[387,486,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURES 113–114" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1414,193,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-37@44.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 113–114. Male genitalia of Anaudia Walker, 1856: (113) A. felderi Wallengren, 1863; (114) A. thyranthrena new sp, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099899/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 113</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
As stated in the genus description. Uncus relative compact; ventro-lateral rows of thorn-like setae exceed half of its total length, saccus shorter than processes vinculi; coecum penis slightly tapered, distally rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC24404FF1FF8ECFD43DE06" blockId="13.[151,1436,607,2037]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,1365]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FF1FF8ECFD4FD8EB" box="[199,746,1903,1928]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC24407FF1FF8ECFDBDD8EB" bold="true" box="[199,536,1903,1928]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Redescription of the female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FDF2F8ECFD0AD8EB" box="[554,687,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–36" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,233,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-114@32.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 25–36. Specimens of Alonina Walker, 1856; Anaudia Wallengren, 1863 and Austrosetia Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: 25– 27. Alonina fusca new sp. (25–26) ♂ holotype; (27) ♀ paratype. 28–32. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, (28–29) ♂, pale specimen, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort; (30) ♂, dark specimen, ibid.; (31) ♀ syntype; (32) ♀, Tswalu Resort. 33. Anaudia thyranthrena new sp., ♂ holotype. 34 Alonina rufa new sp., ♀, paratype, Knysna (paralectotype of Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874). 35–36. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: (35) ♀ lectotype; (36) ♀, original figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099873/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 31–32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC24407FD65F8ECFD78D8EB" box="[701,733,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 73–78" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[173,1430,193,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-94@36.[173,1458,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 73–78. Living specimens and life-history: 73–74. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874, Eastern Cape Province, 50 km W Graaf-Reinet, E Mt. Torberg, (73) ♂; (74) ♀. 75–78. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort, (75) ♀, pale specimen showing resting position; (76) exit-tubes with dead pupa and exuvia; (77) root stock of the host plant with exit tubes showing presence of larvae/pupae; (78) host plant Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">75</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Most parts of body, legs and wings deep black. Head with labial palpus white, ventro-laterally with black, bristle-like scales; frons white, medially some black scales; vertex medially mixed with black, white and some fuscous scales. Thorax dorsally brownish-grey with three longitudinal black lines; patagia mottled with white; scapular spot small, white. Abdominal tergite 4 with fine, glossy white posterior margin; 1 and 2 sparsely mottled with white; other tergites medially with indistinct brownish-grey spot; anal tuft dorso-medially white. Legs with fore coxa proximally and laterally narrow white; fore tibia white, dorsal edge black; hind tibia medially with broad, white ring; each segment of tarsus distally with narrow white ring; first hind tarsomere medially and distally white. Forewing with costal- and dorsal margins, veins, discal spot and subapically between veins marked with some brownish-black. The abdomens of the two dissected, freshly emerged specimens contained 145 and
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD78FFC14404FE3FFECFFDEBDE07" box="[487,590,332,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="egg">206 eggs</specimenCount>
, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC14404FF1FFEECFCEDDEEB" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1365]" box="[199,840,367,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FF1FFEECFDE3DEEB" box="[199,582,367,392]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FF1FFEECFE29DEEB" bold="true" box="[199,396,367,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC14404FE42FEECFD9FDEEB" box="[410,570,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 124–126" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1442,1465]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,193,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-46@50.[151,1436,193,1421]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 124–126. Female genitalia of Anaudia Walker, 1856 and Austrosetia Felder &amp; Felder, 1874: (124–125) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863 (124 syntype); (126) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099911/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 124–125</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
See genus description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC14404FF1FFE17FB61DE96" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FF1FFE17FE9ADECE" bold="true" box="[199,319,404,429]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">Variation.</emphasis>
Both sexes vary in density and extent of the whitish colouration. Males show further individual differences in width of the hindwing margins, which are often connected with the discal spot. Some females have a very narrow, linear transparent area of the hindwing located between median stem and vein 1A.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356657AFFC14404FF1FFE7CFE64DA36" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC14404FF1FFE7CFC3CDCAB" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FF1FFE7CFEE4DD7B" bold="true" box="[199,321,511,536]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FE8BFD83FE63DD7B" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1863" box="[339,454,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felderi">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FE8BFD83FE63DD7B" box="[339,454,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. felderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FDCCFD83FD6ADD7B" authorityName="Bartsch" authorityYear="2013" box="[532,719,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thyranthrena">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FDCCFD83FD6ADD7B" box="[532,719,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. thyranthrena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are superficially somewhat similar to several species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FF4FFDA7FE47DD5E" authority="(Paranthrenini)" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Paranthrenini" box="[151,482,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Thyranthrene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FF4FFDA7FE8BDD5E" box="[151,302,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thyranthrene</emphasis>
(Paranthrenini)
</taxonomicName>
, in particular those that have broad margins of the hindwing. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FADCFDA7FF60DD3C" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Thyranthrene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FADCFDA7FA3EDD5E" box="[1284,1435,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thyranthrene</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
are readily distinguished by the lack of a common stalk of the hindwing veins M3/CuA1. A close relationship of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FF63FDEFFE8DDDE6" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1863" box="[187,296,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felderi">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FF63FDEFFE8DDDE6" box="[187,296,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. felderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FEB1FDEFFDBADDE6" authorityName="Bartsch" authorityYear="2013" box="[361,543,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thyranthrena">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FEB1FDEFFDBADDE6" box="[361,543,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. thyranthrena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is evidenced by their external appearance as well as by their male genital structures. Males of both species can be distinguished by the shape of the antenna, which has no ciliae or rami in
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FA5CFD13FF45DDAE" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felderi">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FA5CFD13FF45DDAE" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. felderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC14404FF28FD37FED1DDAE" box="[240,372,692,717]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 92–98" captionStart-1="FIGURES 99–106" captionStartId-0="39.[151,264,1760,1783]" captionStartId-1="40.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1436,227,1701]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetId-0="figure-58@39.[151,1436,193,1739]" captionTargetId-1="figure-70@40.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId-0="39" captionTargetPageId-1="40" captionText-0="FIGURES 92–98. Male antennae: (92) Alonina pyrocraspis (Hampson, 1910); (93) Alonina rygchiiformis Walker, 1856; (94) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863; (95) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874; (96) Felderiola candescens (Felder &amp; Felder, 1874); (97) Monopetalotaxis doleriformis (Walker, 1856); (98) Hagnogyna bartschi (Freina, 2011)." captionText-1="FIGURES 99–106. Scanning electron microscope pictures of antennae: (99) Cicinnoscelis flavipes new sp., #f holotype; (100) Alonina rygchiiformis Walker, 1856; (101) Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863; (102) Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874; (103) Felderiola karooensis new sp.; (104) Monopetalotaxis doleriformis (Walker, 1856); (105) Hagnogyna bartschi (Freina, 2011); (106) Sesia bembeciformis (Hübner, 1803)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099889" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099891" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10099889/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10099891/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 94 101</figureCitation>
) and two rows of short and broad rami in
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FC8DFD37FBA3DDAE" authorityName="Bartsch" authorityYear="2013" box="[853,1030,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thyranthrena">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FC8DFD37FBA3DDAE" box="[853,1030,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. thyranthrena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The female is somewhat similar to that of the rare dark forms of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FDD9FD5BFD48DD93" authorityName="Felder &amp; Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[513,749,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Austrosetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirufa">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FDD9FD5BFD48DD93" box="[513,749,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Austrosetia semirufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is typically easy to differentiate by the orange-red colouration of its hindwing. Diagnostic is the coloration of the abdomen, which has the posterior border of tergites 4 and 6 and the anal tuft dorso-basally white in
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FD71FCA3FCB4DC5B" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1863" box="[681,785,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felderi">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FD71FCA3FCB4DC5B" box="[681,785,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. felderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but only tergite 4 with white border and black anal tuft in
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FF4FFCC7FEBBDC3E" authorityName="Felder &amp; Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,286,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Austrosetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirufa">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FF4FFCC7FEBBDC3E" box="[151,286,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. semirufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The female of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FE3FFCC7FD38DC3E" authorityName="Bartsch" authorityYear="2013" box="[487,669,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thyranthrena">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FE3FFCC7FD38DC3E" box="[487,669,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. thyranthrena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FB8AFCC7FB65DC3E" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1863" box="[1106,1216,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felderi">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FB8AFCC7FB65DC3E" box="[1106,1216,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. felderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC14404FB0DFCC7FA9CDC3E" box="[1237,1337,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 113–114" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1414,193,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-37@44.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 113–114. Male genitalia of Anaudia Walker, 1856: (113) A. felderi Wallengren, 1863; (114) A. thyranthrena new sp, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099899/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 113</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FA5CFCC7FE8DDCE3" authorityName="Bartsch" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thyranthrena">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FA5CFCC7FE8DDCE3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. thyranthrena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC14404FEE2FCE4FE3EDCE3" box="[314,411,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 113–114" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1414,193,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-37@44.[151,1436,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 113–114. Male genitalia of Anaudia Walker, 1856: (113) A. felderi Wallengren, 1863; (114) A. thyranthrena new sp, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099899/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 114</figureCitation>
) are very similar and differences are mainly seen in lateral view. The former has a more compact tegumen, an uncus with more thorn-like setae, a saccus that is shorter than the processes vinculi (of equal length in
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FED9FC33FE14DCAB" authorityName="Bartsch" authorityYear="2013" box="[257,433,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thyranthrena">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FED9FC33FE14DCAB" box="[257,433,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. thyranthrena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a less strongly tapered coecum penis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336F1FFC14404FF1FFC57FE64DA36" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FF1FFC57FDD2DC8E" box="[199,631,980,1005]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FF1FFC57FE73DC8E" bold="true" box="[199,470,980,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bionomics and habitat</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC14404FE3EFC57FDCEDC8E" box="[486,619,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 73–78" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[173,1430,193,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-94@36.[173,1458,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 73–78. Living specimens and life-history: 73–74. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874, Eastern Cape Province, 50 km W Graaf-Reinet, E Mt. Torberg, (73) ♂; (74) ♀. 75–78. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort, (75) ♀, pale specimen showing resting position; (76) exit-tubes with dead pupa and exuvia; (77) root stock of the host plant with exit tubes showing presence of larvae/pupae; (78) host plant Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099883/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 75–78</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
The newly discovered specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FBC3FC57FB20DC8E" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1863" box="[1051,1157,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Anaudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felderi">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FBC3FC57FB20DC8E" box="[1051,1157,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. felderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were reared from larvae found in the root of the well known “Cancer-bush”
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D72FFC14404FD23FC74FB2BDB73" box="[763,1166,1015,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sutherlandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
<emphasis id="B938EAE3FFC14404FD23FC74FBADDB73" box="[763,1032,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sutherlandia frutescens</emphasis>
(Fabaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC14404FB78FC74FB54DB73" box="[1184,1265,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 73–78" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[173,1430,193,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-94@36.[173,1458,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 73–78. Living specimens and life-history: 73–74. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874, Eastern Cape Province, 50 km W Graaf-Reinet, E Mt. Torberg, (73) ♂; (74) ♀. 75–78. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort, (75) ♀, pale specimen showing resting position; (76) exit-tubes with dead pupa and exuvia; (77) root stock of the host plant with exit tubes showing presence of larvae/pupae; (78) host plant Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099883/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 78</figureCitation>
), a small, redflower and soft wooded shrub, 0.5 to
<quantity id="4CB49B14FFC14404FD96FB9FFDD9DB50" box="[590,636,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
in height, and frequently found on sandy soil along roadsides. Often several larvae bore jointly in the upper part of the root. Some of the strongly infested plants were dry, but the majority showed only marginal debilitation. When fully grown, the larva constructs a long, robust exit tube with silk, sawdust and sand from the feeding tunnel in the root up to the soil surface (
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC14404FBFAFB04FB04DBC3" box="[1058,1185,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 73–78" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[173,1430,193,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-94@36.[173,1458,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 73–78. Living specimens and life-history: 73–74. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874, Eastern Cape Province, 50 km W Graaf-Reinet, E Mt. Torberg, (73) ♂; (74) ♀. 75–78. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort, (75) ♀, pale specimen showing resting position; (76) exit-tubes with dead pupa and exuvia; (77) root stock of the host plant with exit tubes showing presence of larvae/pupae; (78) host plant Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099883/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 76–77</figureCitation>
). Pupation takes place within this tunnel without a cocoon. Adults hatch during morning hours, in culture from March to May and from August to November. The fully grown larva can outlast more than one year, before pupation. The moth has a very typical resting position with an erect tip of the abdomen and laterally depressed wings, which, combined with its monotonous colouration, results in perfect camouflage (
<figureCitation id="13772A74FFC14404FCC9FA94FCC2DA53" box="[785,871,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 73–78" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[173,1430,193,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-94@36.[173,1458,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 73–78. Living specimens and life-history: 73–74. Austrosetia semirufa Felder &amp; Felder, 1874, Eastern Cape Province, 50 km W Graaf-Reinet, E Mt. Torberg, (73) ♂; (74) ♀. 75–78. Anaudia felderi Wallengren, 1863, Northern Cape, Kalahari, ca. 50 km E Hotazel, Tswalu Resort, (75) ♀, pale specimen showing resting position; (76) exit-tubes with dead pupa and exuvia; (77) root stock of the host plant with exit tubes showing presence of larvae/pupae; (78) host plant Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10099883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10099883/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
). Despite the presence of fresh exuviae, no adults were observed in the field.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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