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<mods:title id="7D715B251D63D6E4516666C21FF4CA4A">Decrypting the feared genus Hiatella (Bivalvia): South American species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="B172F97E0CD0C6AFEF040E8FFF9977E2">Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina &amp; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, 4 ° Piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCEFFD9FEE5FABBD9EFFD1B" ID-CoL="BV3YD" authority="Zelaya and Marina Güller, 2023" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[317,508,732,759]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FEE5FABBD9EFFD1B" bold="true" box="[317,508,732,759]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Hiatella umbonata</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCEFFD9FED5FB7CD997FCD9" box="[269,388,795,821]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[129,194,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[230,1372,144,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-5@5.[230,1372,144,1680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Early ontogeny shells of Hiatella meridionalis (A–L), Hiatella umbonata (M–O) and Hiatella barnea (P). A, C, Saxicava meridionalis: original illustrations (A) and photographs of the lectotype, NHMUK 1854.12.4.772 (C). B, F, G, I–K, specimens from Burdwood Bank: MACN-In 44166 (B), MACN-In 44179 (F), MACN-In 44187 (G), MACN-In 44192 (I), MACN-In 44172 (J) and MACN-In 44152 (K). D, Saxicava lebruni, syntype, MNHN-IM-2000-31626. E, specimen from Beagle Channel, MACN-In 10061. L, DNA voucher, H41. H, specimen from Fiordo Ponsonby, MACN-In 44282 (drawn indented lines show the aưachment of the mantle margin to the shell and siphonal muscle scars). M, specimens from Burdwood Bank, MACN-In 44270. N, specimen from Beagle Channel, MACN-In 44235. O, specimen from the Argentine Continental Margin, MACN-In 36596. P, specimens from the Pacific coast, MACN-In 44278. Scale bars: 10 mm in A–L; 2 mm in M–O; 5 mm in P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470289/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Figs 3M–O</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCEFFD9FE56FB7CDA15FCD9" box="[398,518,795,821]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[186,1387,145,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[184,1388,144,1747]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Anatomy of Hiatella species:Hiatella meridionalis (A, B, G, J) from the Magellan Strait (MACN-In 12414), Hiatella umbonata (C, D, H, K) from Burdwood Bank (MACN-In 44270) and Hiatella barnea (E, F, I, L) from Chilean ḩords (MACN-In 44278). A, C, E, general view with right valve removed.B, D, F, right view with right mantle fold removed.G–I, right gill. J–L, foot. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle; b, byssus; esr, exhalant siphon retractor muscle; f, foot; g, gill; go, gonad; h, heel; id, inner demibranch; isr, inhalant siphon retractor muscle; od, outer demibranch; pa, posterior adductor muscle; t, toe; vm, visceral mass. Scale bars:10 mm in A–F; 2 mm in G–L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470295/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">6C, D, H, K</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCEFFD9FDCAFB7CDA5EFCD9" box="[530,589,795,821]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[192,1410,144,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-107@9.[192,1410,144,1680]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Living specimens of Hiatella: Hiatella umbonata (A–E) from Burdwood Bank (A, C) and the Argentine continental margin (B, D, E); Hiatella meridionalis (F, G) from Puerto Edén (F) and Magellan Strait (G); and Hiatella barnea (H) from ºuellón. Arrowheads (B, E) point to specimens of Hiatella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470297/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">7A–E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCEFFD9FD8FFB7CDA76FCD9" box="[599,613,795,821]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[113,178,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-192@12.[146,1426,144,1548]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Shells of Hiatella umbonata, external views.A, G, specimen from the Pacific coast, MACN-In 44271.B, D, E, H, I, DNA vouchers: H29 (B), H23 (D), H22 (E), H7 (H) and H30 (I). C, holotype, MACN-In 44195. F, paratype, MACN-In 44196.J, specimen from the Atlantic coast, MACN-In 44226. Scale bars: 10 mm in A–I; 1 mm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470299/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCEFFD9FDB7FB7CDA6EFCD9" box="[623,637,795,821]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-113@13.[161,1441,144,1623]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 9. Shells of Hiatella umbonata, inner views and hinge teeth.A, specimen from the Pacific coast, MACN-In 44271. B, C, E, DNA vouchers: H20 (B; drawn indented lines show the aưachment of the mantle margin to the shell and siphonal muscle scars), H31 (C) and H7 (E). D, paratype, MACN-In 44196. Scale bars:5 mm in A–D; 1 mm in E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470305/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">9</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF59FBFDD932FC5E" box="[129,289,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Saxicava arctica</emphasis>
var. 
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: 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCEFFD9FE1DFBFDDB1AFC5E" author="Melvill JC &amp; Standen R" box="[453,777,922,946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" pagination="119 - 157" refId="ref18005" refString="Melvill JC, Standen R. The marine Mollusca of the Scotish National Antarctic Expedition. Royal Society of Edinburgh, Transactions 1907; 46: 119 - 157." type="journal article" year="1907">Melvill and Standen 1907: 151</bibRefCitation>
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(in part) (not 
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCEFFD9FF44FBBED939FC1D" ID-CoL="3LHVL" baseAuthorityName="G. B. Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[156,298,985,1009]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF44FBBED939FC1D" box="[156,298,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Hiatella solida</emphasis>
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: 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCEFFD9FEEEFBBEDA04FC1D" author="Branch ML &amp; Arnaud PM &amp; Cantera J" box="[310,535,985,1009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" pagination="45 - 64" refId="ref16296" refString="Branch ML, Arnaud PM, Cantera J et al. The benthic Mollusca and Brachiopoda of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: 1) Illustrated keys to the species 2) Records of the 1982 - 1989 University of Cape Town Surveys. South Aflican Journal of Antarctic Research 1991; 21: 45 - 64." type="journal article" year="1991">
Branch 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FE5EFBBED9A6FC1D" box="[390,437,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">et al.</emphasis>
1991: 47
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, 51
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(not 
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<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FDABFBBEDB1AFC1D" box="[627,777,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Saxicava solida</emphasis>
Sowerby I, 1834
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).
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<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF44FC70D8F8FBC3" box="[156,235,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Hiatella</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0AED10A7FFCEFFD9FECBFC70D9D6FBC3" author="Zelaya DG" box="[275,453,1047,1071]" page="117" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCEFFD9FECBFC70D9D6FBC3" author="Zelaya DG" box="[275,453,1047,1071]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" pagination="113 - 22" refId="ref19563" refString="Zelaya DG. The bivalves from the Scotia Arc islands: species richness and faunal affinities. Scientia Marina 2005; 69: 113 - 22." type="journal article" year="2005">Zelaya 2005: 117</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF44FC50D965FBA3" box="[156,374,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Hiatella meridionalis</emphasis>
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: 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCEFFD9FE48FC50D8CEFB82" author="Simone LRL &amp; Penchaszadeh PE" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" pagination="119 - 27" refId="ref18906" refString="Simone LRL, Penchaszadeh PE. Redescription of Hiatella meridionalis d'Orbigny, 1846 (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hiatellidae) from Argentina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 2008; 48: 119 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Simone and Penchaszadeh 2008: 119–127</bibRefCitation>
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(not fig. 18); 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCEFFD9FEB2FC31DA69FB82" author="Schejter L &amp; Bremec CS &amp; Waloszek D" box="[362,634,1110,1134]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" pagination="63 - 7" refId="ref18757" refString="Schejter L, Bremec CS, Waloszek D et al. Recently seuled stages and larval developmental mode of the bivalves Zygochlamys patagonica and Hiatella meridionalis in the Argentine sea. J Shellfish Res 2010; 29: 63 - 7." type="journal article" year="2010">
Schejter 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FE1BFC30D9E1FB82" box="[451,498,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">et al.</emphasis>
2010: 63–67
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
(not 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCEFFD9FD6AFC31D9BDFB61" authority="d'Orbigny, 1846" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Saxicava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meriodionalis">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FD6AFC31D917FB61" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Saxicava meriodionalis</emphasis>
d’Orbigny, 1846
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCEFFD9FF44FCF2DA20FB41" blockId="11.[129,778,859,1197]" box="[156,563,1173,1197]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCEFFD9FF44FCF2D8F8FB41" ID-CoL="7P57B" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1801" box="[156,235,1173,1197]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF44FCF2D8F8FB41" box="[156,235,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Hiatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
O: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCEFFD9FEC9FCF2D9E0FB41" author="Guller M &amp; Puccinelli E &amp; Zelaya DG" box="[273,499,1173,1197]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" pagination="143" refId="ref17424" refString="Guller M, Puccinelli E, Zelaya DG. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current as a dispersive agent in the Southern Ocean: evidence from bivalves. Marine Biology 2020; 167: 143. hups: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 020 - 03746 - 2" type="journal article" year="2020">
Güller 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FE80FCF2D995FB41" box="[344,390,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">et al.</emphasis>
2020: 143
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356653DFFCEFFD9FF59FCA8DAD4FA98" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCEFFD9FF59FCA8D941FAC8" blockId="11.[129,777,1228,1317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<materialsCitation id="3B243CEBFFCEFFD9FF59FCA8D95DFAC8" collectingDate="2016-04" collectorName="Marine Protected Area Namuncura I &amp; B. O. Puerto Deseado" elevation="177" latitude="-54.746944" location="Marine Protected Area" longLatPrecision="17" longitude="-59.947502" municipality="Burdwood Bank" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF59FCA8D919FB0A" box="[129,266,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<typeStatus id="54F78814FFCEFFD9FF59FCA8D8A2FB0A" box="[129,177,1231,1254]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<geoCoordinate id="EE785071FFCEFFD9FEFDFCA9D9B7FB0A" box="[293,420,1228,1254]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-54.746944">
54°44 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FEB9FCABD974FB09" box="[353,359,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">ʹ</emphasis>
49″ S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE785071FFCEFFD9FE6DFCA9DA2DFB09" box="[437,574,1228,1254]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-59.947502">
59°56 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FE29FCABD9E4FB09" box="[497,503,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">ʹ</emphasis>
51″ W
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectorName id="26B95360FFCEFFD9FD97FCA9D951FAE9" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<location id="8E93606DFFCEFFD9FD97FCA9D8A2FAE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587A0FFCEFFDCFEE5FABBDB7CFBD8:8E93606DFFCEFFD9FD97FCA9D8A2FAE9" latitude="-54.746944" longLatPrecision="17" longitude="-59.947502" municipality="Burdwood Bank" name="Marine Protected Area" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Marine Protected Area</location>
Namuncurá I
</collectorName>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B97ACCCFFCEFFD9FE95FC8AD9EBFAE9" box="[333,504,1261,1285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Burdwood Bank</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<elevation id="0061D185FFCEFFD9FDDBFC8ADA98FAE9" box="[515,651,1261,1285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" unit="m" value="177.0">
<quantity id="4CB49B53FFCEFFD9FDDBFC8ADA55FAE9" box="[515,582,1261,1285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" unit="m" value="177.0">177 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, 
<collectorName id="26B95360FFCEFFD9FD4DFC8AD8C0FAC9" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
B.O. 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FD10FC89D8C0FAC9" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Puerto Deseado</emphasis>
</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FFF21076FFCEFFD9FF05FD6AD95DFAC8" box="[221,334,1292,1317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" value="2016-04">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E99EFFCEFFD9FF05FD6AD95DFAC8" box="[221,334,1292,1317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" value="2016-04">April 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCEFFD9FF59FD5ADAD4FA98" blockId="11.[129,778,1341,1397]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF59FD5AD905FAB9" box="[129,278,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Type material:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54F78814FFCEFFD9FEE9FD5AD987FAB9" box="[305,404,1341,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FE74FD5ADA72FAB9" box="[428,609,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">MACN-In 44195</emphasis>
: H9) and 
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD3FFFCEFFD9FD3BFD5AD8C9FA99" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
(MACN-In 44196: H10) from the type locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356653DFFCEFFD9FF59FDEBD8C3FA2F" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCEFFD9FF59FDEBD8C3FA2F" blockId="11.[129,778,1420,1475]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF59FDEBD8E3FA48" box="[129,240,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name derives from the peculiar umbo of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356653DFFCEFFD9FF59FDBBD8C1F9FF" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCEFFD9FF59FDBBD8C1F9FF" blockId="11.[129,778,1500,1555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF59FDBBD9BFFA18" box="[129,428,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Additional material examined:</emphasis>
94 lots (Supporting Information, 
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE73FFCEFFD9FF59FD9CD8A9F9FF" box="[129,186,1531,1555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">ESM</collectionCode>
1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356653DFFCEFFD9FF59FE4BDA8AF933" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCEFFD9FF59FE4BDA8AF933" blockId="11.[129,777,1579,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF59FE4BD8F4F9AF" box="[129,231,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Shell thick, inflated, with anterior end truncated or only slightly projected. Umbo wide, inflated, obliquely truncated, located at or close to anterior end. Outer shell surface with low and wide commarginal folds. Posterior area of shell wide, defined by a well-developed but narrow umbonal ridge. Hinge with teeth throughout the shell ontogeny. Nymph narrow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356653DFFCEFFDEFF59FF65DDB9F8B0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="894" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCEFFD9FF59FF65DD06FB7E" blockId="11.[129,778,1793,1974]" lastBlockId="11.[825,1475,144,1170]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FF59FF65D8E4F8F5" box="[129,247,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Description:</emphasis>
Shell ≤ 23.0 mm long, usually low and rectangular, sometimes high and square or trapezoidal, sometimes greatly distorted; moderately to widely inflated, with the maximum width at about the posterior third of total shell length; very solid (
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCEFFD9FF53FF19D917F87A" box="[139,260,1918,1942]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[129,194,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[230,1372,144,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-5@5.[230,1372,144,1680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Early ontogeny shells of Hiatella meridionalis (A–L), Hiatella umbonata (M–O) and Hiatella barnea (P). A, C, Saxicava meridionalis: original illustrations (A) and photographs of the lectotype, NHMUK 1854.12.4.772 (C). B, F, G, I–K, specimens from Burdwood Bank: MACN-In 44166 (B), MACN-In 44179 (F), MACN-In 44187 (G), MACN-In 44192 (I), MACN-In 44172 (J) and MACN-In 44152 (K). D, Saxicava lebruni, syntype, MNHN-IM-2000-31626. E, specimen from Beagle Channel, MACN-In 10061. L, DNA voucher, H41. H, specimen from Fiordo Ponsonby, MACN-In 44282 (drawn indented lines show the aưachment of the mantle margin to the shell and siphonal muscle scars). M, specimens from Burdwood Bank, MACN-In 44270. N, specimen from Beagle Channel, MACN-In 44235. O, specimen from the Argentine Continental Margin, MACN-In 36596. P, specimens from the Pacific coast, MACN-In 44278. Scale bars: 10 mm in A–L; 2 mm in M–O; 5 mm in P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470289/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Figs 3M–O</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCEFFD9FECBFF19D933F87A" box="[275,288,1918,1942]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[113,178,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-192@12.[146,1426,144,1548]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Shells of Hiatella umbonata, external views.A, G, specimen from the Pacific coast, MACN-In 44271.B, D, E, H, I, DNA vouchers: H29 (B), H23 (D), H22 (E), H7 (H) and H30 (I). C, holotype, MACN-In 44195. F, paratype, MACN-In 44196.J, specimen from the Atlantic coast, MACN-In 44226. Scale bars: 10 mm in A–I; 1 mm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470299/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">8</figureCitation>
). Markedly inequivalve throughout ontogeny: right valve larger and wider than less valve, ventrally overlapping over less valve. Posterior end greatly projected, sometimes curved or recurved; anterior end abbreviated, truncated, rounded or shortly pointed, lower than posterior end. Posterior area of shell wide, depressed to flat; usually defined by a narrow, rounded to keeled umbonal ridge, indistinct in some specimens. Ventral and posterior gapes between valves small. Anterior area usually with a narrow sulcus, running from the umbo to the ventral margin. Anterodorsal margin frequently indistinct from anterior margin; when distinct, straight and steeply sloping obliquely. Anterior margin short, straight to slightly curved. Ventral margin straight to slightly sinuous. Posterior margin high, obliquely straight to widely arched, exceptionally sinuous. Posterodorsal margin long, horizontally straight to markedly arcuated dorsally or ventrally; sometimes with a sinuation interlocking the opposite valve. Umbo prominent, wide, inflated, usually high but sometimes low, obliquely truncated, higher posteriorly than anteriorly; located at or close to anterior end. Right valve umbo larger than less valve umbo. Lunule elongated, depressed. Outer shell surface white, chalky. Dissoconch sculptured with irregularly distributed, low and rounded commarginal folds, increasing in solidness ventrally. Some folds (primary folds) relatively wide; space between primary folds with thinner (secondary) folds. Sometimes dissoconch showing strong growth disruption, giving the shell a gradated appearance. Posterior end with two radial ribs: one of them running from prodissoconch/dissoconch limit to the junction of the posterior and ventral margins (umbonal ridge) and the other to the junction of the dorsal and posterior margins; the laưer weaker than the former. In specimens &lt;
<quantity id="4CB49B53FFCEFFD9FA5FFBBADDD1FC19" box="[1415,1474,989,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="893" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long, the two radial ribs bear hollow spines, which increase in size distally. In larger specimens, spines do not develop, and early formed spines (in the vicinity of the umbo) appear reduced to their bases, resembling tubercles. Periostracum thin, yellowish straw coloured, forming thin periostracal folds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCEFFD9FCE1FCD3DC34FA09" blockId="11.[825,1474,1203,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FCE1FCD3DBDEFB27" box="[825,973,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
Hinge (
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCEFFD9FC5CFCD3DBA9FB20" box="[900,954,1204,1228]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="13.[129,194,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-113@13.[161,1441,144,1623]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 9. Shells of Hiatella umbonata, inner views and hinge teeth.A, specimen from the Pacific coast, MACN-In 44271. B, C, E, DNA vouchers: H20 (B; drawn indented lines show the aưachment of the mantle margin to the shell and siphonal muscle scars), H31 (C) and H7 (E). D, paratype, MACN-In 44196. Scale bars:5 mm in A–D; 1 mm in E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470305/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
With a single, small cardinal tooth at each valve and a small, triangular socket to accommodate the tooth of the opposite valve. Less valve cardinal triangular, pustular to massive, high to low, sharply to bluntly pointed. Right valve cardinal delicate to solid, elongate, ventrally directed, smaller than less cardinal. Less valve socket anterior to cardinal tooth; right valve socket posterior to cardinal tooth. Teeth present throughout ontogeny. Nymph elongate, narrow, delicate. Ligament strong, external, opisthodetic. Pallial sinus deep. Inner shell surface porcellanaceous, white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCEFFDEFCE1FE60DDB9F8B0" blockId="11.[825,1475,1543,1974]" lastBlockId="12.[810,1460,1704,1884]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="894" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCEFFD9FCE1FE60DC41F9F2" box="[825,1106,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">
Anatomy (
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCEFFD9FC7AFE60DC2CF9F3" box="[930,1087,1543,1567]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[186,1387,145,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[184,1388,144,1747]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Anatomy of Hiatella species:Hiatella meridionalis (A, B, G, J) from the Magellan Strait (MACN-In 12414), Hiatella umbonata (C, D, H, K) from Burdwood Bank (MACN-In 44270) and Hiatella barnea (E, F, I, L) from Chilean ḩords (MACN-In 44278). A, C, E, general view with right valve removed.B, D, F, right view with right mantle fold removed.G–I, right gill. J–L, foot. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle; b, byssus; esr, exhalant siphon retractor muscle; f, foot; g, gill; go, gonad; h, heel; id, inner demibranch; isr, inhalant siphon retractor muscle; od, outer demibranch; pa, posterior adductor muscle; t, toe; vm, visceral mass. Scale bars:10 mm in A–F; 2 mm in G–L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470295/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="893">Fig. 6C, D, H, K</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Mantle margin fused for most of its length, with a small (anterior) pedal opening and two smaller (posterior) siphonal openings. Suture behind pedal opening large. Anterior and posterior adductor muscles small, subcircular in section, the anterior one anteroventrally located, the posterior dorsally displaced. Gills high (~80% of shell height), composed of two complete demibranchs at each side; less and right demibranchs posteriorly fused among them and to mantle margin. Outer demibranch gradually increasing in size backwards, with the maximum height at about the middle gill length. At anterior end, outer demibranch two-thirds the height of inner demibranch. At anterior half of the gill, ascending lamella of outer demibranch higher than descending lamella, and descending lamella of inner demibranch higher than ascending lamella. At the posterior half of the gill, inner and outer demibranchs, and ascending and descending lamellae of each demibranch, similar in height. Foot minute, composed of a compressed stalk, a small heel and a somewhat projected anterior ‘toe’; base narrow, flat, with byssal groove, extending for ~85% of foot sole. Byssus composed of numerous, narrow and flat byssus threads arising from a stout byssus seam; each byssus thread bearing a distal adhesive disc. Byssal gland functional in adult specimens. Siphons short, fused at the base, distally separated, grey to pinkish in living specimens (
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFC9FFDEFF17FFA5D90FF836" box="[207,284,1986,2010]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[192,1410,144,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-107@9.[192,1410,144,1680]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Living specimens of Hiatella: Hiatella umbonata (A–E) from Burdwood Bank (A, C) and the Argentine continental margin (B, D, E); Hiatella meridionalis (F, G) from Puerto Edén (F) and Magellan Strait (G); and Hiatella barnea (H) from ºuellón. Arrowheads (B, E) point to specimens of Hiatella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470297/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="894">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
); both with numerous series of club-shaped papillae surrounding their openings. Inhalant siphon retractor muscle longer than exhalant siphon retractor muscle. Anterior and posterior labial palps small, triangular, with ≤ 10 sorting ridges. Gonad well developed in specimens&gt; 
<quantity id="4CB49B53FFC9FFDEFAE8FF61DD60F8F1" box="[1328,1395,1798,1822]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="894" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long. Additional anatomical characters for this species were described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFC9FFDEFC90FF23DC8FF8B0" author="Simone LRL &amp; Penchaszadeh PE" box="[840,1180,1860,1884]" pageId="12" pageNumber="894" pagination="119 - 27" refId="ref18906" refString="Simone LRL, Penchaszadeh PE. Redescription of Hiatella meridionalis d'Orbigny, 1846 (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hiatellidae) from Argentina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 2008; 48: 119 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Simone and Penchaszadeh (2008</bibRefCitation>
: as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFC9FFDEFB1FFF23DD80F8B0" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1223,1427,1860,1884]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="12" pageNumber="894" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC9FFDEFB1FFF23DD80F8B0" box="[1223,1427,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="894">Hiatella meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF33663EFFC9FFDEFFA9FE4FDAA0F99B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470299/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="894" startId="12.[113,178,1576,1600]" targetBox="[146,1426,144,1548]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFC9FFDEFFA9FE4FDAA0F99B" blockId="12.[113,1451,1576,1656]" pageId="12" pageNumber="894">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC9FFDEFFA9FE4FD8DAF9AC" bold="true" box="[113,201,1576,1600]" pageId="12" pageNumber="894">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Shells of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFC9FFDEFEFAFE4FD9C8F9AC" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[290,475,1576,1600]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="12" pageNumber="894" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC9FFDEFEFAFE4FD9C8F9AC" bold="true" box="[290,475,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="894">Hiatella umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, external views. A, G, specimen from the Pacific coast, MACN-In 44271. B, D, E, H, I, DNA vouchers: H29 (B), H23 (D), H22 (E), H7 (H) and H30 (I). C, holotype, 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC9FFDEFD17FE23DB7CF9B0" box="[719,879,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="894">MACN-In 44195</emphasis>
. F, paratype, MACN-In 44196. J, specimen from the Atlantic coast, MACN-In 44226. Scale bars: 10 mm in A–I; 1 mm in J.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C356653DFFC9FFDFFCF2FFE3DC00F8C7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="895" pageId="12" pageNumber="894" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFC9FFDFFCF2FFE3DC00F8C7" blockId="12.[810,1459,1924,2011]" lastBlockId="13.[825,1474,1779,1835]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="895" pageId="12" pageNumber="894">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC9FFDEFCF2FFE3DB6CF870" box="[810,895,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="894">Habitat:</emphasis>
Seưlement occurs on the hydroid 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFC9FFDEFADEFFE3DD9CF857" authority="(Kirchenpauer, 1884) (Schejter et al. 2010)" authorityName="Schejter et al." authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Kirchenpauer" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Hydrozoa" family="Symplectoscyphidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="894" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subdichotomus">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC9FFDEFADEFFE3DBAAF857" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="894">Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus</emphasis>
(Kirchenpauer, 1884) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFC9FFDEFB61FFC4DD90F857" author="Schejter L &amp; Bremec CS &amp; Waloszek D" box="[1209,1411,1955,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="894" pagination="63 - 7" refId="ref18757" refString="Schejter L, Bremec CS, Waloszek D et al. Recently seuled stages and larval developmental mode of the bivalves Zygochlamys patagonica and Hiatella meridionalis in the Argentine sea. J Shellfish Res 2010; 29: 63 - 7." type="journal article" year="2010">
Schejter 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC9FFDEFACDFFC3DD54F857" box="[1301,1351,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In the northernmost distributional range, adult specimens were found as epibionts on the pectinid 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFC8FFDFFDCCFE94D91FF8C7" authority="(King, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="King &amp; Broderip" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Zygochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="13" pageNumber="895" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patagonica">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC8FFDFFDCCFE94DB1AF8E7" box="[532,777,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Zygochlamys patagonica</emphasis>
(King, 1832)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFC8FFDFFEC7FF75D97AF8C6" box="[287,361,1810,1834]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[192,1410,144,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-107@9.[192,1410,144,1680]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Living specimens of Hiatella: Hiatella umbonata (A–E) from Burdwood Bank (A, C) and the Argentine continental margin (B, D, E); Hiatella meridionalis (F, G) from Puerto Edén (F) and Magellan Strait (G); and Hiatella barnea (H) from ºuellón. Arrowheads (B, E) point to specimens of Hiatella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
), the gastropods 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFC8FFDFFDFDFF74D931F8A6" authority="(Roding, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Roding" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Gastropoda" family="Cymatiidae" genus="Fusitriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="895" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="magellanicus">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC8FFDFFDFDFF74DB1AF8C6" box="[549,777,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Fusitriton magellanicus</emphasis>
(Röding, 1798)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFC8FFDFFEE9FF55D964F8A5" box="[305,375,1842,1866]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[192,1410,144,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-107@9.[192,1410,144,1680]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Living specimens of Hiatella: Hiatella umbonata (A–E) from Burdwood Bank (A, C) and the Argentine continental margin (B, D, E); Hiatella meridionalis (F, G) from Puerto Edén (F) and Magellan Strait (G); and Hiatella barnea (H) from ºuellón. Arrowheads (B, E) point to specimens of Hiatella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFC8FFDFFE69FF55DA35F8A5" box="[433,550,1842,1866]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Trophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="895" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC8FFDFFE69FF55DA16F8A6" box="[433,517,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Trophon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, and polychaete tubes. In the southernmost distribution range, the species also appears as an epibiont on the hydrozoan 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFC8FFDFFE0DFF16DB19F865" authority="(Gray, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[469,778,1905,1929]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="895" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC8FFDFFE0DFF16DA6FF864" box="[469,636,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Errina antarctica</emphasis>
(Gray, 1872)
</taxonomicName>
and the kelp 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFC8FFDFFED4FFF6DB15F844" authority="(Linnaeus) C. Agardh, 1820" authorityName="C. Agardh" authorityYear="1820" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" box="[268,774,1936,1960]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Macrocystis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="895" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pyrifera">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC8FFDFFED4FFF6D9C0F844" box="[268,467,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Macrocystis pyrifera</emphasis>
(Linnaeus) C. Agardh, 1820
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFC8FFDFFCE1FE94DBE1F8E7" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[825,1010,1779,1803]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="13" pageNumber="895" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC8FFDFFCE1FE94DBE1F8E7" box="[825,1010,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Hiatella umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also found nestling on barnacle shells and sponges (
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFC8FFDFFC43FF75DC10F8C6" box="[923,1027,1810,1835]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[192,1410,144,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-107@9.[192,1410,144,1680]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Living specimens of Hiatella: Hiatella umbonata (A–E) from Burdwood Bank (A, C) and the Argentine continental margin (B, D, E); Hiatella meridionalis (F, G) from Puerto Edén (F) and Magellan Strait (G); and Hiatella barnea (H) from ºuellón. Arrowheads (B, E) point to specimens of Hiatella." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF33663EFFC8FFDFFF59FE14DB3CF92F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470305" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470305/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="895" startId="13.[129,194,1651,1675]" targetBox="[161,1441,144,1623]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFC8FFDFFF59FE14DB3CF92F" blockId="13.[129,1447,1651,1732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC8FFDFFF59FE14D8CBF967" bold="true" box="[129,216,1651,1675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Shells of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFC8FFDFFEE9FE14D9F9F967" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[305,490,1651,1675]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="13" pageNumber="895" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC8FFDFFEE9FE14D9F9F967" bold="true" box="[305,490,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Hiatella umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, inner views and hinge teeth. A, specimen from the Pacific coast, MACN-In 44271. B, C, E, DNA vouchers: H20 (B; drawn indented lines show the aưachment of the mantle margin to the shell and siphonal muscle scars), H31 (C) and H7 (E). D, paratype, MACN-In 44196. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–D; 1 mm in E.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C356653DFFC8FFDCFCE1FF2BD965FF0B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="896" pageId="13" pageNumber="895" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFC8FFDCFCE1FF2BD965FF0B" blockId="13.[825,1474,1866,1954]" lastBlockId="14.[113,762,144,231]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="896" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC8FFDFFCE1FF2BDBA4F888" box="[825,951,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Distribution:</emphasis>
Along the South American coast, from 
<geoCoordinate id="EE785071FFC8FFDFFA93FF2BDDD1F888" box="[1355,1474,1866,1892]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="895" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-45.463333">
45°27 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFC8FFDFFA5FFF2DDD9EF88F" box="[1415,1421,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">ʹ</emphasis>
48″ S
</geoCoordinate>
in the Pacific to the Atlantic coast of Tierra del Fuego; Magellan Strait; 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7626FFC8FFDFFC5DFFEDDBBBF84E" box="[901,936,1930,1954]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="895">Isla</collectingCountry>
de los Estados; Burdwood Bank; and extending northwards along the outer 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7626FFCBFFDCFE7AF8F7DA1BFF44" box="[418,520,144,168]" name="Argentina" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Argentine</collectingCountry>
continental margin to 
<geoCoordinate id="EE785071FFCBFFDCFFA9F8C8D8FEFF2B" box="[113,237,174,199]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-38.150833">
38°09 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFF75F8C9D8A0FF2B" box="[173,179,174,199]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">ʹ</emphasis>
03″ S
</geoCoordinate>
. Also present in Prince Edward Islands (
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCBFFDCFD78F8C8DAFAFF2B" box="[672,745,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[113,178,712,736]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,682]" captionTargetId="figure-646@2.[146,1426,144,684]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Sites in Southern South America (SSA), Prince Edward Islands (PEI) and South Georgia (SG), from where material was studied. A, Hiatella meridionalis. B, Hiatella umbonata. C, Hiatella barnea. Colours represent geographical areas as follows:blue, South Georgia; green, Atlantic coast; light blue, Prince Edward Islands; lilac, Argentine continental margin; orange, Magellan Strait–Beagle Channel; purple, Burdwood Bank–Malvinas/Falkland Islands; red, Pacific coast; yellow, Isla de los Estados." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470281/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). From 
<quantity id="4CB49B53FFCBFFDCFF77F8A8D93CFF0A" box="[175,303,206,231]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.963" metricValueMax="7.85" metricValueMin="0.076" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" unit="m" value="396.3" valueMax="785.0" valueMin="7.6">7.6 to 785 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356653DFFCBFFDCFFA9F96FDB7CFBD8" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCBFFDCFFA9F96FDA2DFDF7" blockId="14.[113,763,264,1979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFFA9F96FD981FECC" box="[113,402,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">
Remarks: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFF00F96FD981FECC" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[216,402,264,288]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">Hiatella umbonata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is widely variable in shell outline, projection of the anterior end, height of the umbo, development of commarginal and radial sculpture and solidness of hinge teeth. This variability is evident not only when considering specimens from different areas but also among specimens from a single site. However, the study of a large series of specimens and the combination of morphological, anatomical and molecular data allow us to confirm that all the variability described above represents the intraspecific variability of a single species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCBFFDCFF55FA45D9AFFA6B" blockId="14.[113,763,264,1979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFF55FA45D955FDD6" ID-CoL="BV3YD" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[141,326,546,570]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFF55FA45D955FDD6" box="[141,326,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Hiatella umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFE62FA44DAC9FDD6" ID-CoL="6Y3BF" authority="(Sowerby I, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[442,730,546,570]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Saxicava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFE62FA44DA00FDD6" box="[442,531,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. solida</emphasis>
(Sowerby I, 1834)
</taxonomicName>
by having elongated shells and anteriorly displaced umbos. The laưer is a species that was based on specimens from ‘Sanctam Elenam’ (= 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7626FFCBFFDCFF32FAE7D976FD74" box="[234,357,640,664]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Santa Elena</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7626FFCBFFDCFEB7FAE7D9DFFD74" box="[367,460,640,664]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
); although the end of the original description reads ‘there are other varieties from Payta and the Isle of Muerte’ (
<collectingCountry id="F35B7626FFCBFFDCFEE1FAD8D962FD3B" box="[313,369,703,727]" name="Peru" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Perú</collectingCountry>
). With the information available so far, it is impossible to determine whether Sowerby’s I (1834) ‘varieties’ correspond to subspecies of the same species he described from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7626FFCBFFDCFF72FB7BD913FCD8" box="[170,256,796,820]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
or a different species. To increase the confusion, Sowerby 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFF09FB5BD93AFCB8" author="Sowerby GB II." box="[209,297,828,852]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="2" refId="ref19120" refString="Sowerby GB II. Monograph of the genus Saxicava. Conchologia iconica; or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals 1875; 20: 2 pls. London: Reeve &amp; Co." type="journal article" year="1875">II (1875</bibRefCitation>
, 1884) reported this species as coming from an unknown locality. The original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFDAAFB3BDADFFC9F" ID-CoL="6Y3BF" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[626,716,859,883]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Saxicava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFDAAFB3BDADFFC9F" box="[626,716,859,883]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not accompanied by an illustration. The first illustration was provided by Sowerby 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFE8DFBFDD9BEFC5E" author="Sowerby GB II." box="[341,429,922,946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="2" refId="ref19120" refString="Sowerby GB II. Monograph of the genus Saxicava. Conchologia iconica; or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals 1875; 20: 2 pls. London: Reeve &amp; Co." type="journal article" year="1875">II (1875</bibRefCitation>
: species 6; subsequently copied by Sowerby 
<date id="FFF21076FFCBFFDCFF2DFBDDD950FC3D" box="[245,323,953,977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" value="1884-02">II 1884</date>
: pl. 471, fig. 12), showing only the outer shell surface. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFF25FBBFD969FC1C" author="Dell RK" box="[253,378,984,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="93 - 250" refId="ref17060" refString="Dell RK. Antarctic and subantarctic Mollusca: Amphineura, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. Discovery Reports 1964; 33: 93 - 250." type="journal article" year="1964">Dell (1964)</bibRefCitation>
regarded the figured specimen (
<quantity id="4CB49B53FFCBFFDCFD12FBBFD889FBE3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="34.5">34.5 mm</quantity>
long) ‘as the type’ (= 
<typeStatus id="54F78814FFCBFFDCFE4CFB9FD9E6FBFC" box="[404,501,1016,1040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, according to the ICZN Art. 74.5); although alerting that there is no information on the provenance of this material associated with the lot. Photographs of the 
<typeStatus id="54F78814FFCBFFDCFF61FC31D90AFB82" box="[185,281,1110,1134]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(NHMUK 20220347) of this species are reproduced herein (
<figureCitation id="13772A33FFCBFFDCFEE0FC12D997FB61" box="[312,388,1141,1165]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="15.[128,193,1338,1362]" captionTargetBox="[321,1281,668,1310]" captionTargetId="figure-281@15.[321,1281,668,1310]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 10. Saxicava solida, lectotype, NHMUK 20220347.A, B, right valve, internal (A) and external (B) views. C, D, less valve, internal (C) and external (D) views.Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470307/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFE79FC12DA4CFB61" ID-CoL="BV3YD" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[417,607,1141,1165]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFE79FC12DA4CFB61" box="[417,607,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Hiatella umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly differs from the 
<typeStatus id="54F78814FFCBFFDCFF01FCF3D92AFB40" box="[217,313,1172,1196]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFEB9FCF2D9AEFB40" ID-CoL="6Y3BF" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[353,445,1172,1196]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Saxicava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFEB9FCF2D9AEFB40" box="[353,445,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a more prominent umbo, narrower posterior radial ribs, smaller anterior adductor muscle scars, and the nymph situated close to the umbo instead of posteriorly displaced. Furthermore, all the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFD39FC94D8C7FAC6" ID-CoL="BV3YD" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFD39FC94D8C7FAC6" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied herein (independently of their size) show hinge teeth and the corresponding depression to accommodate the tooth of the opposite valve, whereas these elements are absent in the 
<typeStatus id="54F78814FFCBFFDCFF38FD17D953FA64" box="[224,320,1392,1416]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFE87FD17D9A5FA64" ID-CoL="6Y3BF" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[351,438,1392,1416]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Saxicava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFE87FD17D9A5FA64" box="[351,438,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCBFFDCFF55FDE8D8C4F8F3" blockId="14.[113,763,264,1979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFF55FDE8D940FA4B" ID-CoL="BV3YD" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[141,339,1423,1447]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFF55FDE8D940FA4B" box="[141,339,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Hiatella umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles morphologically the Brazilian specimens identified by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFE63FDC9DA5EFA2A" author="Narchi W" box="[443,589,1454,1478]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="332 - 7" refId="ref18187" refString="Narchi W. On the functional morphology of Hiatella solida (Hiatellidae: Bivalvia). Marine Biology 1973; 19: 332 - 7." type="journal article" year="1973">Narchi(1973)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFDA1FDC9D920FA0A" author="Domaneschi O &amp; Narchi W" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="89 - 96" refId="ref17152" refString="Domaneschi O, Narchi W. Adaptive convergences in two nestling bivalves (Myoida: Myidae, Hiatellidae) of the Brazilian liuoral. Iheringia (Serie Zoologia) 1998; 85: 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1998">Domaneschi and Narchi (1998)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFE8CFDA9D9BFFA0A" ID-CoL="6Y3BF" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[340,428,1486,1510]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Saxicava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFE8CFDA9D9BFFA0A" box="[340,428,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although the correct identification of that material deserves further study, the Brazilian specimens differ strikingly from the new species described herein by having two cardinal teeth in the less valve (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFDEBFE4BDAA7F9A8" author="Narchi W" box="[563,692,1580,1604]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="332 - 7" refId="ref18187" refString="Narchi W. On the functional morphology of Hiatella solida (Hiatellidae: Bivalvia). Marine Biology 1973; 19: 332 - 7." type="journal article" year="1973">Narchi 1973</bibRefCitation>
), with at least one of the hinge teeth wearing away in larger specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFFA4FE0DD9A2F96E" author="Domaneschi O &amp; Narchi W" box="[124,433,1642,1666]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="89 - 96" refId="ref17152" refString="Domaneschi O, Narchi W. Adaptive convergences in two nestling bivalves (Myoida: Myidae, Hiatellidae) of the Brazilian liuoral. Iheringia (Serie Zoologia) 1998; 85: 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1998">Domaneschi and Narchi 1998</bibRefCitation>
); a large and ovoid anterior adductor muscle; long and bright orange–yellow siphons; the outer demibranch half the height of the inner demibranch, and the labial palps with 16 ridges. Furthermore, the Brazilian specimens inhabit the intertidal zone, where they are found nestling or boring.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCBFFDCFF55FF40DDB4FDD3" blockId="14.[113,763,264,1979]" lastBlockId="14.[810,1460,143,1076]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">
In the Magellan Region, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFE45FF40DA37F8D2" ID-CoL="BV3YD" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[413,548,1830,1854]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFE45FF40DA37F8D2" box="[413,548,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is frequently found coexisting with 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFECAFF21D9BBF8B1" ID-CoL="3LHVD" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[274,424,1861,1885]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFECAFF21D9BBF8B1" box="[274,424,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs by having a thicker shell, with broader posterior area; shorter anterior end; wider, higher and more anteriorly displaced umbos; and stronger and more irregular commarginal sculpture. Anatomically, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFCF2F8F7DBBDFF4B" ID-CoL="BV3YD" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[810,942,143,167]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFCF2F8F7DBBDFF4B" box="[810,942,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFBEEF8F7DCDDFF4B" ID-CoL="3LHVD" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1078,1230,143,167]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFBEEF8F7DCDDFF4B" box="[1078,1230,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having smaller adductor muscles. This fact is particularly evident in the case of the anterior adductor muscle, which in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFB08F8A8DD46FF0A" ID-CoL="BV3YD" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[1232,1365,206,230]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFB08F8A8DD46FF0A" box="[1232,1365,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is small, subcircular and restricted to the anteroventral part, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFA42F889DBB1FEC9" ID-CoL="3LHVD" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFA42F889DBB1FEC9" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is large, occupying most of the anterior end, and ovoid, dorsally projected. Another difference arises in the gill, which is higher in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFC36F92BDC61FE8F" ID-CoL="BV3YD" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[1006,1138,331,355]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFC36F92BDC61FE8F" box="[1006,1138,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFB14F92BDD77FE8F" ID-CoL="3LHVD" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1228,1380,331,355]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFB14F92BDD77FE8F" box="[1228,1380,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(~80% vs. 40% of shell height, respectively), with the outer demibranch reaching the maximum height in the middle of its length, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFC44F9CDDC20FE2D" ID-CoL="3LHVD" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[924,1075,425,449]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFC44F9CDDC20FE2D" box="[924,1075,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the height of the outer demibranch is uniform throughout its length. Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFB20F9AEDD69FE0D" ID-CoL="BV3YD" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[1272,1402,457,481]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFB20F9AEDD69FE0D" box="[1272,1402,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a smaller foot, with a less projected anterior region than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFA42F98EDBB1FDF3" ID-CoL="3LHVD" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFA42F98EDBB1FDF3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All the above-mentioned anatomical differences are evident independently of the size of the specimens considered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCBFFDCFC9DFA21DD5BFC5A" blockId="14.[810,1460,143,1076]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">
The morphological and anatomical characteristics recognized herein for 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFC40FA01DC0FFD91" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[920,1052,613,637]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFC40FA01DC0FFD91" box="[920,1052,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also recognizable in the specimens from off Mar del Plata, 
<collectingRegion id="4988F854FFCBFFDCFBC1FAE2DD11FD71" box="[1049,1282,645,669]" country="Argentina" name="Buenos Aires" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Buenos Aires Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7626FFCBFFDCFAD5FAE2DD66FD71" box="[1293,1397,645,669]" name="Argentina" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, identified by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFC50FAC3DCE3FD50" author="Simone LRL &amp; Penchaszadeh PE" box="[904,1264,676,700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="119 - 27" refId="ref18906" refString="Simone LRL, Penchaszadeh PE. Redescription of Hiatella meridionalis d'Orbigny, 1846 (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hiatellidae) from Argentina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 2008; 48: 119 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Simone and Penchaszadeh (2008)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFACDFAC2DDBDFD50" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1301,1454,676,700]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFACDFAC2DDBDFD50" box="[1301,1454,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, these specimens are here reassigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFA42FAA3DB9EFD17" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFA42FAA3DB9EFD17" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The material identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFB46FA84DCFEFD17" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1801" box="[1182,1261,739,763]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFB46FA84DCFEFD17" box="[1182,1261,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">Hiatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
O in the Molecular Study section above, and by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFB85FB65DD3FFCF6" author="Guller M &amp; Puccinelli E &amp; Zelaya DG" box="[1117,1324,770,794]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="143" refId="ref17424" refString="Guller M, Puccinelli E, Zelaya DG. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current as a dispersive agent in the Southern Ocean: evidence from bivalves. Marine Biology 2020; 167: 143. hups: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 020 - 03746 - 2" type="journal article" year="2020">
Güller 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFB7FFB64DCC9FCF6" box="[1191,1242,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
, also corresponds to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFC57FB45DC01FCD5" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[911,1042,801,825]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFC57FB45DC01FCD5" box="[911,1042,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as is also the case for some of the specimens from Burdwood Bank reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFB3AFB26DB67FC94" author="Melvill JC &amp; Standen R" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="119 - 157" refId="ref18005" refString="Melvill JC, Standen R. The marine Mollusca of the Scotish National Antarctic Expedition. Royal Society of Edinburgh, Transactions 1907; 46: 119 - 157." type="journal article" year="1907">Melvill and Standen (1907)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFC41FB07DC98FC94" box="[921,1163,864,888]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Saxicava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="arctica" variety="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFC41FB07DBE7FC94" box="[921,1012,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">S. arctica</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFBF0FB06DC98FC94" box="[1064,1163,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFB54FB06DC83FC94" box="[1164,1168,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">.</emphasis>
The specimens reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFCF2FB18DBE6FC7B" author="Schejter L &amp; Bremec CS &amp; Waloszek D" box="[810,1013,895,919]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="63 - 7" refId="ref18757" refString="Schejter L, Bremec CS, Waloszek D et al. Recently seuled stages and larval developmental mode of the bivalves Zygochlamys patagonica and Hiatella meridionalis in the Argentine sea. J Shellfish Res 2010; 29: 63 - 7." type="journal article" year="2010">
Schejter 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFC5BFBE7DBA2FC7B" box="[899,945,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">et al.</emphasis>
(2010
</bibRefCitation>
: as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFBC2FBE7DCA3FC7B" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1050,1200,895,919]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFBC2FBE7DCA3FC7B" box="[1050,1200,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFB33FB18DDB8FC7B" author="Branch ML &amp; Arnaud PM &amp; Cantera J" box="[1259,1451,895,919]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="45 - 64" refId="ref16296" refString="Branch ML, Arnaud PM, Cantera J et al. The benthic Mollusca and Brachiopoda of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: 1) Illustrated keys to the species 2) Records of the 1982 - 1989 University of Cape Town Surveys. South Aflican Journal of Antarctic Research 1991; 21: 45 - 64." type="journal article" year="1991">
Branch 
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFAE2FBE7DD7BFC7B" box="[1338,1384,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">et al.</emphasis>
(1991
</bibRefCitation>
: as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFC9CFBF8DB88FC5B" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[836,923,927,951]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Saxicava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFC9CFBF8DB88FC5B" box="[836,923,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) also seem to correspond to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFB19FBF8DD51FC5B" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[1217,1346,927,951]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFB19FBF8DD51FC5B" box="[1217,1346,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336B6FFCBFFDCFC9EFBD9DB7CFBD8" blockId="14.[810,1460,143,1076]" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">
The persistence of hinge teeth in large specimens clearly allows the distinction of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFC3BFBB9DC76FC19" authorityName="Zelaya and Marina Güller" authorityYear="2023" box="[995,1125,989,1013]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Hiatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFC3BFBB9DC76FC19" box="[995,1125,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Northern Hemisphere ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D35FFCBFFDCFCE8FB9ADB99FBF8" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[816,906,1020,1044]" class="Bivalvia" family="Hiatellidae" genus="Saxicava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Adapedonta" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B938EAA4FFCBFFDCFCE8FB9ADB99FBF8" box="[816,906,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="896">H. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, in which the teeth disappear with growth (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B47FFCBFFDCFA5FFB9BDB4DFBD8" author="Dell RK" pageId="14" pageNumber="896" pagination="93 - 250" refId="ref17060" refString="Dell RK. Antarctic and subantarctic Mollusca: Amphineura, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. Discovery Reports 1964; 33: 93 - 250." type="journal article" year="1964">Dell 1964</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>