498 lines
63 KiB
XML
498 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="62732C887008B3B7B051956DBF531F7D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d729f2d9-7a0b-4285-bba8-bb100b507065" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="244265" ID-ZooBank="BD0A8859-5EFD-4955-974D-7383500FBCC4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461059811808" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ivanova, Elena S., Sumaya, Nanette Hope N. & Spiridonov, Sergei E." docDate="2015" docId="03E58790E21DE418FF4BFBC8896A7FDD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03957p130.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3957 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synoecnema watinagii Ivanova, Sumaya & Spiridonov, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="FFDCFFE8E21CE41EFFDCFFA88D517E28" masterDocTitle="Synoecnema watinagii (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae: Synoecneminae), a new nematode species parasitic in earthworms from the Philippines with the first molecular and SEM data for the genus" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="120" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1698581935779" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E09B9165C227A0912A244D8FE71B2E0A">Synoecnema watinagii (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae: Synoecneminae), a new nematode species parasitic in earthworms from the Philippines with the first molecular and SEM data for the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1E308EC24FA9243BC25A1EECA8998C09">Ivanova, Elena S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3BFEA7B5364CDF93F14136FBE849FF32">Sumaya, Nanette Hope N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B40C6149CBDD9BBDF7347A6386FEBC79">Spiridonov, Sergei E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0E2DED805F4F303A3A27D17D3B3309B7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F3406EE0DD64A304CE365F01A0159CF6">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8C23353479F4649B4A70AE5C6BE3487C">3957</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E58790E21DE418FF4BFBC8896A7FDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629049" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119613969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629049" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E58790E21DE418FF4BFBC8896A7FDD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58790E21DE418FF4BFBC8896A7FDD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">
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<subSubSection id="C356650DE21DE41FFF4BFBC88C427AB4" pageId="1" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF33686E21DE41FFF4BFBC88CA07A53" blockId="1.[151,497,1120,1181]" box="[151,497,1120,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21DE41FFF4BFBC88CA07A53" bold="true" box="[151,497,1120,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21DE41FFF4BFBC88CF67A52" ID-CoL="9B3L4" box="[151,423,1120,1146]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="121" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="watinagii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21DE41FFF4BFBC88CF67A52" bold="true" box="[151,423,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">Synoecnema watinagii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57EFE21DE41FFE73FBC98CA07A53" box="[431,497,1121,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="121" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF33686E21DE41FFF4BFB2C8C427AB4" blockId="1.[151,497,1120,1181]" box="[151,275,1156,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13772A03E21DE41FFF43FB2C8DB07AB4" box="[159,225,1156,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, H, K, female; B, E, F, G, J, male. A: entire view (lateral); B: entire view (lateral); C – F: cephalic hooks (C, E, F, dorsal, D, subdorsal); G: pharynx region (lateral with head subdorsal); H: anterior region (lateral); I: egg; J: reproductive system (lateral); K: caudal organ (lateral). Scale bars in µm. Abbreviations: cl., cloaca; e. d., ejaculatory duct; e. g., excretory gland; int., intestine; pcl. d., pericloacal disc; sp., spermatheca; t., testis." pageId="1" pageNumber="121">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="13772A03E21DE41FFF26FB2C8C5B7AB4" box="[250,266,1156,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[212,1350,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[212,1351,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM images of Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, E, G, H, female; B, D, F, male. A: entire view (subventral); B: entire view (lateral); C: cephalic hooks (lateral); D: head end at the level of excretory pore (subventral); E: vulva region, lateral; F: male cloaca, lateral; G: middle part of caudal organ, lateral; H: margin of caudal organ, lateral. Scale bars: A, 100 Μm; B, 20 Μm; C, 3 Μm; D, 1 Μm; E, 5 Μm; F, 10 Μm; G, 5 Μm; H, 5 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C356650DE21DE41CFF4BFB648CFD79BB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="1" pageNumber="121" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF33686E21DE41FFF4BFB648CFF7ACC" blockId="1.[151,1437,1228,2009]" box="[151,430,1228,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21DE41FFF4BFB648C177ACD" bold="true" box="[151,326,1228,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">Measurements</emphasis>
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.
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<tableCitation id="C6CE033DE21DE41FFE88FB648CF97ACC" box="[340,424,1228,1253]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,368,391]" captionTargetBox="[159,1382,547,1270]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. Measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± standard error (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF33660EE21EE41CFF4BFED88C747F8F" pageId="1" pageNumber="121" tableUuid="DF33660EE21EE41CFF4BFED88C747F8F">Table 1</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF33686E21DE41FFF1BFB4788D47928" blockId="1.[151,1437,1228,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21DE41FFF1BFB478C447B20" bold="true" box="[199,277,1263,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">Adult:</emphasis>
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Small but corpulent nematodes lacking sexual dimorphism in body shape and the morphology of anterior end. Body tapered towards anterior extremity, posterior body portion massive, almost uniformly broad, tail tip broadly conical, short (
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<figureCitation id="13772A03E21DE41FFE1EFA9F8F577B78" box="[450,518,1335,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, H, K, female; B, E, F, G, J, male. A: entire view (lateral); B: entire view (lateral); C – F: cephalic hooks (C, E, F, dorsal, D, subdorsal); G: pharynx region (lateral with head subdorsal); H: anterior region (lateral); I: egg; J: reproductive system (lateral); K: caudal organ (lateral). Scale bars in µm. Abbreviations: cl., cloaca; e. d., ejaculatory duct; e. g., excretory gland; int., intestine; pcl. d., pericloacal disc; sp., spermatheca; t., testis." pageId="1" pageNumber="121">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A & B) or forming exceedingly short spike (
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<figureCitation id="13772A03E21DE41FFBD5FA9F891D7B78" box="[1033,1100,1335,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[212,1350,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[212,1351,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM images of Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, E, G, H, female; B, D, F, male. A: entire view (subventral); B: entire view (lateral); C: cephalic hooks (lateral); D: head end at the level of excretory pore (subventral); E: vulva region, lateral; F: male cloaca, lateral; G: middle part of caudal organ, lateral; H: margin of caudal organ, lateral. Scale bars: A, 100 Μm; B, 20 Μm; C, 3 Μm; D, 1 Μm; E, 5 Μm; F, 10 Μm; G, 5 Μm; H, 5 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A). Cuticle thin, transversely striated. Epidermis thick. Lateral fields absent. Anterior usually curved, may be ventrally or dorsally. Cephalic hooks sub-terminal, paired, small, curved, thickened, and directed dorsad. Hook bases 5–6 µm long, blades 4–5 µm long, closely positioned with distal tips moderately diverging and directed toward hook base at acute angle. Hook blade positions relatively fixed, with apparently limited ability to move toward or away from sagittal plane. Cephalic sensilla and amphids indiscernible. Mouth and stoma indistinct. Pharynx clavate, always with strongly curved muscular corpus and basal muscular-glandular, rounded bulb which is displaced dorsally in the body. Corpus cylindrical,
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21DE41FFEA8F99D8CDE7864" box="[372,399,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">ca</emphasis>
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. 3–4 times longer than bulb, isthmus absent. Nerve ring quite thick, surrounding posterior of corpus. Excretory pore on slight protuberance at the level of nerve ring. Excretory duct moderately cuticularized, collapsed or inflated up to 3 µm diameter. Excretory gland large. Intestine thick-walled, forming a prominent bubble-like structure (cardia?) at junction with basal bulb. Posterior course of intestine difficult to see. Caudal organs long deep slits surrounded by striated band situated mid-laterally on the surface of posterior half of body; slits lacking cuticle. Modified, amorphous mass present inside tail region. No duct inside caudal organ observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF33686E21DE41CFF1BF8A48FE17F68" blockId="1.[151,1437,1228,2009]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21DE41FFF1BF8A48C4F790D" bold="true" box="[199,286,1804,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="121">Female</emphasis>
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: Body tapering towards head end from level of vulva. Pharynx with corpus 58–80 (65±9) µm long and 8–10 (9±1) µm wide, and basal bulb 17–27 (22±5) µm long and 15–20 (18±2) µm wide. Anus absent. Tip of ovary extending into tail. Genital tube broad, initially composed of 3 rows of small, flattened cells. Ovary forming a loop around caudal organs, then from the level of the anterior margin of the caudal organ, the gonad is straight to the anterior, making a spermatheca a short distance from pharynx base (
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<figureCitation id="13772A03E21DE41FFC51F8348E99799D" box="[909,968,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, H, K, female; B, E, F, G, J, male. A: entire view (lateral); B: entire view (lateral); C – F: cephalic hooks (C, E, F, dorsal, D, subdorsal); G: pharynx region (lateral with head subdorsal); H: anterior region (lateral); I: egg; J: reproductive system (lateral); K: caudal organ (lateral). Scale bars in µm. Abbreviations: cl., cloaca; e. d., ejaculatory duct; e. g., excretory gland; int., intestine; pcl. d., pericloacal disc; sp., spermatheca; t., testis." pageId="1" pageNumber="121">Fig.1</figureCitation>
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A); spermatheca not distinctly offset, 20– 61 (38±16) µm long and 24–40 (30±6) µm wide. Uterus spacious, twisted, containing 19–27 (22±3) fully-formed eggs plus 2–5 immature eggs. Egg-shells
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21EE41CFDA9FF318FDE7E98" box="[629,655,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">ca</emphasis>
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.1 µm thick, very slightly tapered towards poles and evenly covered with tiny tubercles. Vulva situated at level of anterior third of body. No post-uterine sac present. Anterior vulva lip enlarged. Vagina straight, 12–37 (21±10) µm long. Caudal organs more than half-body length long, expanding from near the vulva to near the tail end; slit 391–547 (490±53) µm long and 14–20 (17±3) µm wide; total width 35–57 (48±8) µm (
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<figureCitation id="13772A03E21EE41CFEB0FE8F8CFE7F68" box="[364,431,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, H, K, female; B, E, F, G, J, male. A: entire view (lateral); B: entire view (lateral); C – F: cephalic hooks (C, E, F, dorsal, D, subdorsal); G: pharynx region (lateral with head subdorsal); H: anterior region (lateral); I: egg; J: reproductive system (lateral); K: caudal organ (lateral). Scale bars in µm. Abbreviations: cl., cloaca; e. d., ejaculatory duct; e. g., excretory gland; int., intestine; pcl. d., pericloacal disc; sp., spermatheca; t., testis." pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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. A, K;
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<figureCitation id="13772A03E21EE41CFDDDFE8F8F127F68" box="[513,579,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[212,1350,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[212,1351,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM images of Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, E, G, H, female; B, D, F, male. A: entire view (subventral); B: entire view (lateral); C: cephalic hooks (lateral); D: head end at the level of excretory pore (subventral); E: vulva region, lateral; F: male cloaca, lateral; G: middle part of caudal organ, lateral; H: margin of caudal organ, lateral. Scale bars: A, 100 Μm; B, 20 Μm; C, 3 Μm; D, 1 Μm; E, 5 Μm; F, 10 Μm; G, 5 Μm; H, 5 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A, G, H).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF33660EE21EE41CFF4BFED88C747F8F" ID-Table-UUID="DF33660EE21EE41CFF4BFED88C747F8F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF33660EE21EE41CFF4BFED88C747F8F" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" targetBox="[159,1382,547,1270]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BF33686E21EE41CFF4BFED88C747F8F" blockId="2.[151,1435,367,423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21EE41CFF4BFED88C5B7FAF" bold="true" box="[151,266,368,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
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Morphometrics of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21EE41CFE02FEC78F817FAF" box="[478,720,367,391]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="watinagii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21EE41CFE02FEC78F817FAF" box="[478,720,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Synoecnema watinagii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21EE41CFD04FED88E477FAF" bold="true" box="[728,790,368,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57EFE21EE41CFD04FED88E477FAF" box="[728,790,368,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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Measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± standard error (range).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF33686E21EE41CFD98FE608F807893" blockId="2.[580,1223,456,527]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,1338,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
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Females Males
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<typeStatus id="54F78824E21EE41CFD98FE508FF67C27" box="[580,679,504,527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<typeStatus id="54F78824E21EE41CFD3EFE5089967C27" box="[738,1223,504,527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">Paratypes Paratypes</typeStatus>
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<emphasis id="B938EA94E21EE41CFF1BFA928C557B7B" bold="true" box="[199,260,1338,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Male</emphasis>
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: Very similar to female in general appearance and morphology of anterior end and caudal organs but smaller by about half length and somewhat slimmer (
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<figureCitation id="13772A03E21EE41CFD2EFAF68E647B5F" box="[754,821,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, H, K, female; B, E, F, G, J, male. A: entire view (lateral); B: entire view (lateral); C – F: cephalic hooks (C, E, F, dorsal, D, subdorsal); G: pharynx region (lateral with head subdorsal); H: anterior region (lateral); I: egg; J: reproductive system (lateral); K: caudal organ (lateral). Scale bars in µm. Abbreviations: cl., cloaca; e. d., ejaculatory duct; e. g., excretory gland; int., intestine; pcl. d., pericloacal disc; sp., spermatheca; t., testis." pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A03E21EE41CFC83FAF68EF07B5F" box="[863,929,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[212,1350,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[212,1351,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM images of Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, E, G, H, female; B, D, F, male. A: entire view (subventral); B: entire view (lateral); C: cephalic hooks (lateral); D: head end at the level of excretory pore (subventral); E: vulva region, lateral; F: male cloaca, lateral; G: middle part of caudal organ, lateral; H: margin of caudal organ, lateral. Scale bars: A, 100 Μm; B, 20 Μm; C, 3 Μm; D, 1 Μm; E, 5 Μm; F, 10 Μm; G, 5 Μm; H, 5 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Body tapering anteriad from the level of pharynx base. Pharynx with corpus 47–72 (57±9) µm long and 8–10 (9±0.6) µm wide and basal bulb 17–24 (22±3) µm long and 17–28 (22±5) µm wide. Bulb more rounded than in females. Distal part of excretory cell nearly reaching tail end. Monorchic. Testis short, reflexed ventrally at 102–148 (117±17) µm from anterior end; reflexed section straight, 83–102 (91±8) µm long; posterior part of gonad coiled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A03E21EE41CFC11FA468941782F" box="[973,1040,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, H, K, female; B, E, F, G, J, male. A: entire view (lateral); B: entire view (lateral); C – F: cephalic hooks (C, E, F, dorsal, D, subdorsal); G: pharynx region (lateral with head subdorsal); H: anterior region (lateral); I: egg; J: reproductive system (lateral); K: caudal organ (lateral). Scale bars in µm. Abbreviations: cl., cloaca; e. d., ejaculatory duct; e. g., excretory gland; int., intestine; pcl. d., pericloacal disc; sp., spermatheca; t., testis." pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
J). Spermatocytes small, in 4 rows in distal region of gonad.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21EE41CFE19F9BC8F057803" box="[453,596,1554,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Vas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deferens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21EE41CFE19F9BC8F057803" box="[453,596,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Vas deferens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and ejaculatory ducts difficult to trace because of coiled gonad. Cloacal aperture slightly elevated, just posterior to mid-body and surrounded by convex striated rim around 15 µm thick (pericloacal disk) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A03E21EE41CFEB2F9F28CE2785B" box="[366,435,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, H, K, female; B, E, F, G, J, male. A: entire view (lateral); B: entire view (lateral); C – F: cephalic hooks (C, E, F, dorsal, D, subdorsal); G: pharynx region (lateral with head subdorsal); H: anterior region (lateral); I: egg; J: reproductive system (lateral); K: caudal organ (lateral). Scale bars in µm. Abbreviations: cl., cloaca; e. d., ejaculatory duct; e. g., excretory gland; int., intestine; pcl. d., pericloacal disc; sp., spermatheca; t., testis." pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
J;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13772A03E21EE41CFE04F9F28F4D785B" box="[472,540,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[212,1350,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[212,1351,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM images of Synoecnema watinagii sp. n. A, C, E, G, H, female; B, D, F, male. A: entire view (subventral); B: entire view (lateral); C: cephalic hooks (lateral); D: head end at the level of excretory pore (subventral); E: vulva region, lateral; F: male cloaca, lateral; G: middle part of caudal organ, lateral; H: margin of caudal organ, lateral. Scale bars: A, 100 Μm; B, 20 Μm; C, 3 Μm; D, 1 Μm; E, 5 Μm; F, 10 Μm; G, 5 Μm; H, 5 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). No caudal sensilla present. Anterior margin of caudal organ at the level of cloacal aperture or slightly anterior to it, posterior margin near tail end, slit 140–188 (169±18)
|
||
<date id="FFF21046E21EE41CFB0BF9D7887778BF" box="[1239,1318,1662,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" value="2010-10-06">x 6–10</date>
|
||
(7±2) µm with total width of caudal organ 20–37 (27±8) µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21EE41CFD00FD8B8E847ADE" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<table id="F94CC426E21E1BE1FF43FD8B88377ADE" box="[159,1382,547,1270]" gridcols="5" gridrows="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FD8B88377C10" box="[159,1382,547,568]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FD8B8E167C10" box="[731,839,547,568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Range</th>
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FD8B8EAA7C10" box="[916,1019,547,568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FD8B89E37C10" box="[1113,1202,547,568]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Range</th>
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFD8B88377C10" box="[1286,1382,547,568]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Mean</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FDE488377CA8" box="[159,1382,588,640]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FDE48F387CA8" box="[159,617,588,640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">n L 726</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FDE48E167CA8" box="[731,839,588,640]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">6 796–1,000</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FDE48EAA7CA8" box="[916,1019,588,640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">888 ± 66</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FDE489E37CA8" box="[1113,1202,588,640]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">6 415–478</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFDE488377CA8" box="[1286,1382,588,640]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">457 ± 23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FD3C88377C82" box="[159,1382,660,682]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FD3C8F387C82" box="[159,617,660,682]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">A 5.8</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FD3C8E167C82" box="[731,839,660,682]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">5.9–8.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FD3C8EAA7C82" box="[916,1019,660,682]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">6.9 ± 9.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FD3C89E37C82" box="[1113,1202,660,682]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">5.3–7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFD3C88377C82" box="[1286,1382,660,682]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">6 ± 0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FD1588377CFB" box="[159,1382,701,723]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FD158F387CFB" box="[159,617,701,723]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">B 10</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FD158E167CFB" box="[731,839,701,723]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">10.4–14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FD158EAA7CFB" box="[916,1019,701,723]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">12.6 ± 1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FD1589E37CFB" box="[1113,1202,701,723]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">6.1–7.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFD1588377CFB" box="[1286,1382,701,723]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">6.8 ± 0.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FD4E88377CD4" box="[159,1382,742,764]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FD4E8F387CD4" box="[159,617,742,764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">C</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FD4E89E37CD4" box="[1113,1202,742,764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">1.8–2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFD4E88377CD4" box="[1286,1382,742,764]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">2.2 ± 0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FCB888377D0E" box="[159,1382,784,806]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FCB88F387D0E" box="[159,617,784,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">V 31.5</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FCB88E167D0E" box="[731,839,784,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">29.4–34</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FCB88EAA7D0E" box="[916,1019,784,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">31.5 ± 1.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FC9188377D67" box="[159,1382,825,847]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FC918F387D67" box="[159,617,825,847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Maximum diameter 157</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FC918E167D67" box="[731,839,825,847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">125–173</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FC918EAA7D67" box="[916,1019,825,847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">144 ± 18</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FC9189E37D67" box="[1113,1202,825,847]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">65–90</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFC9188377D67" box="[1286,1382,825,847]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">78 ± 9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FCCA88377D50" box="[159,1382,866,888]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FCCA8F387D50" box="[159,617,866,888]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Anal diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FCCA89E37D50" box="[1113,1202,866,888]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">65–90</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFCCA88377D50" box="[1286,1382,866,888]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">77 ± 11.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FC2488377D8A" box="[159,1382,908,930]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FC248F387D8A" box="[159,617,908,930]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Pharynx length (straightened) 84</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FC248E167D8A" box="[731,839,908,930]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">75–105</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FC248EAA7D8A" box="[916,1019,908,930]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">87 ± 10</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FC2489E37D8A" box="[1113,1202,908,930]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">70–95</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFC2488377D8A" box="[1286,1382,908,930]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">80 ± 10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FC1D88377DC2" box="[159,1382,949,1002]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FC1D8F387DC2" box="[159,617,949,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Distance from anterior extremity to 72 pharynx base</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FC1D8E167DC2" box="[731,839,949,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">60–87</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FC1D8EAA7DC2" box="[916,1019,949,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">72 ± 11</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FC1D89E37DC2" box="[1113,1202,949,1002]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">59–78</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFC1D88377DC2" box="[1286,1382,949,1002]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">68 ± 8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FC5588377A1A" box="[159,1382,1021,1074]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FC558F387A1A" box="[159,617,1021,1074]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Distance from anterior extremity to 40 excretory pore</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FC558E167A1A" box="[731,839,1021,1074]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">37–62</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FC558EAA7A1A" box="[916,1019,1021,1074]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">50 ± 8</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FC5589E37A1A" box="[1113,1202,1021,1074]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">38–54</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFC5588377A1A" box="[1286,1382,1021,1074]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">45 ± 7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FBED88377A52" box="[159,1382,1093,1146]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FBED8F387A52" box="[159,617,1093,1146]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Distance from anterior extremity to 45 nerve ring</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FBED8E167A52" box="[731,839,1093,1146]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">39–57</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FBED8EAA7A52" box="[916,1019,1093,1146]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">45 ± 8</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FBED89E37A52" box="[1113,1202,1093,1146]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">32–50</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFBED88377A52" box="[1286,1382,1093,1146]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">42 ± 7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FB2588377A8B" box="[159,1382,1165,1187]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FB258F387A8B" box="[159,617,1165,1187]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Tail length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FB85FB2589E37A8B" box="[1113,1202,1165,1187]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">175–248</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FADAFB2588377A8B" box="[1286,1382,1165,1187]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">212 ± 24</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FB1E88377AE4" box="[159,1382,1206,1228]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FB1E8F387AE4" box="[159,617,1206,1228]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Egg length 40</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FB1E8E167AE4" box="[731,839,1206,1228]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">40–43</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FB1E8EAA7AE4" box="[916,1019,1206,1228]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">41 ± 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357C34C4E21E1BE1FF43FB4888377ADE" box="[159,1382,1248,1270]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FF43FB488F387ADE" box="[159,617,1248,1270]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Egg diameter 21</th>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FD07FB488E167ADE" box="[731,839,1248,1270]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">22–23</td>
|
||
<td id="76AD5DB8E21E1BE1FC48FB488EAA7ADE" box="[916,1019,1248,1270]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">23 ± 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21EE41CFF1BF96E8E8A7962" blockId="2.[151,1436,1338,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21EE41CFF1BF96E8C2178F7" bold="true" box="[199,368,1734,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Type-material</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78824E21EE41CFE5EF96E8CBB78F7" box="[386,490,1734,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female (on slide, accession No. 1246),
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78824E21EE41CFC1EF96F897278F7" box="[962,1059,1735,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
female (on slide, accession No. 1247),
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78824E21EE41CFF3BF9438C16792B" box="[231,327,1771,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
male (on slide, accession No. 1252), and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78824E21EE41CFCFAF9438ED7792B" box="[806,902,1771,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
male in copula with
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F78824E21EE41CFBA4F9438989792B" box="[1144,1240,1771,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
female (on same slide, accession No. 1248), deposited in the Museum of the Helminthological Collections of the Centre of Parasitology at the Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21EE41CFF1BF8FE8CFD79BB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1338,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21EE41CFF1BF8FE8C8A7947" bold="true" box="[199,475,1878,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Type-host and locality</emphasis>
|
||
. Megascolicidae gen. sp., Tinago Falls, Linamon, Lanao del Norte,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B7616E21EE41CFAC2F8FE88CD7947" box="[1310,1436,1878,1903]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785041E21EE41CFF43F8D38C5679BB" box="[159,263,1915,1939]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" precision="15" value="8.158889">8º9'32''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE785041E21EE41CFECEF8D38CF179BB" box="[274,416,1915,1939]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" precision="15" value="124.186386">124º11'11''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C356650DE21EE41BFF1BF836890F7B50" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="2" pageNumber="122" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21EE41CFF1BF8368C7379F3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1338,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21EE41CFF1BF8368C17799F" bold="true" box="[199,326,1950,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="122">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species name was constructed from the Visayan word ‘wati’ for an earthworm and Tinago for the location.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFCE4FECE8E167FAA" blockId="3.[249,945,358,448]" box="[824,839,358,386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">E</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFF25FED78EE07FBA" blockId="3.[249,945,358,448]" box="[249,945,374,411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">C 5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFEBAFE0C8C247FE8" blockId="3.[249,945,358,448]" box="[358,373,420,448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFEDFFDB48C467C10" blockId="3.[259,1041,525,568]" box="[259,279,540,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">D</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFD61FD9D8F8A7C79" box="[701,731,565,593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">20</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFCCCFDBD89407C01" blockId="3.[259,1041,525,568]" box="[784,1041,525,561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">F 20</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFAFCFD9C88127C78" box="[1312,1347,564,592]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">sp.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFDF8FD078E9B7DBF" blockId="3.[548,567,687,715]" lastBlockId="3.[591,970,891,925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">
|
||
G
|
||
<date id="FFF21046E21FE41DFC65FC8F88137D11" box="[953,1346,797,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123" value="1940-01">
|
||
I
|
||
<quantity id="4CB49B63E21FE41DFAF8FCB588137D11" box="[1316,1346,797,825]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="123" unit="t" value="40.0">40</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
t. int.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFEDFFC158C707DF1" blockId="3.[259,1272,957,1024]" box="[259,289,957,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">40</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFB39FC4C8EDA7A8D" blockId="3.[259,1272,957,1024]" lastBlockId="3.[877,907,1161,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">H 15</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFBAEFB618F687B27" blockId="3.[526,1415,1225,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">20 e.d.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFA80FAB788D67B13" blockId="3.[526,1415,1225,1339]" box="[1372,1415,1311,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">e.g.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFE2FFA608F657BCC" blockId="3.[499,1168,1480,1599]" box="[499,564,1480,1508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">pcl.d.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFC28FA408955782C" blockId="3.[499,1168,1480,1599]" box="[1012,1028,1512,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">K</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41AFDD8F9A989C679CF" blockId="3.[499,1168,1480,1599]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,1879,2023]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">
|
||
A cl. J 20 B
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E218E41AFF4BF8798C7579CF" box="[151,292,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="124">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: cl., cloaca; c. o., caudal organ; e. p., excretory pore; pcl. d., pericloacal disc; v., vulva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660EE21FE41DFF4BF8FD8DBD79CE" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21FE41DFF4BF8FD8DBD79CE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1877,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21FE41DFF4BF8FD8C477943" bold="true" box="[151,278,1877,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21FE41DFEC3F8FE8F577944" box="[287,518,1878,1900]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="123" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="watinagii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21FE41DFEC3F8FE8F577944" box="[287,518,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">Synoecnema watinagii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21FE41DFDCCF8FE8F1D7943" bold="true" box="[528,588,1878,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57EFE21FE41DFDCCF8FE8F1D7943" box="[528,588,1878,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, C, H, K, female; B, E, F, G, J, male. A: entire view (lateral); B: entire view (lateral); C–F: cephalic hooks (C, E, F, dorsal, D, subdorsal); G: pharynx region (lateral with head subdorsal); H: anterior region (lateral); I: egg; J: reproductive system (lateral); K: caudal organ (lateral). Scale bars in µm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21FE41DFF4BF81A8C7579E0" box="[151,292,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="123">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: cl., cloaca; e. d., ejaculatory duct; e. g., excretory gland; int., intestine; pcl. d., pericloacal disc; sp., spermatheca; t., testis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660EE218E41AFF4BF8FF8E5379E1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="124" targetBox="[212,1350,193,1854]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E218E41AFF4BF8FF8E5379E1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1879,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E218E41AFF4BF8FF8C427944" bold="true" box="[151,275,1879,1901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="124">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E218E41AFE62F8F08FF27945" box="[446,675,1880,1901]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="124" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="watinagii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E218E41AFE62F8F08FF27945" box="[446,675,1880,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="124">Synoecnema watinagii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E218E41AFD75F8FF8FB27944" bold="true" box="[681,739,1879,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57EFE218E41AFD75F8FF8FB27944" box="[681,739,1879,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, C, E, G, H, female; B, D, F, male. A: entire view (subventral); B: entire view (lateral); C: cephalic hooks (lateral); D: head end at the level of excretory pore (subventral); E: vulva region, lateral; F: male cloaca, lateral; G: middle part of caudal organ, lateral; H: margin of caudal organ, lateral. Scale bars: A, 100 Μm; B, 20 Μm; C, 3 Μm; D, 1 Μm; E, 5 Μm; F, 10 Μm; G, 5 Μm; H, 5 Μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E219E41BFE1CFCE089B77D4E" blockId="5.[448,1254,840,903]" box="[448,1254,840,870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">A B</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E219E41BFCBAFCC18ED67DAF" blockId="5.[448,1254,840,903]" box="[870,903,873,903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">50</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E219E41BFD9DFAF2890F7B50" blockId="5.[151,1436,1370,1476]" box="[577,1118,1370,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">C D</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF33660EE219E41BFF4BFA388CFC7BEC" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E219E41BFF4BFA388CFC7BEC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1370,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFF4BFA388C437B8D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1424,1446]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E219E41BFEC5FA398F2C7B8E" authority="Timm, 1959" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1959" box="[281,637,1424,1446]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFEC5FA398CA67B8E" box="[281,503,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">Synoecnema hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
Timm, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, B, female; C, D, male. Caudal organ: A & C optical section through caudal organ; B & D surface view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C356650DE219E418FF1BFA59896A7FDD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E219E41BFF1BFA59886778B2" blockId="5.[151,1437,1521,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFF1BFA598F5F7822" bold="true" box="[199,526,1521,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis and relationships</emphasis>
|
||
. The new species is distinctive in its small size, in the similarity in appearance of both sexes, in the characteristic body shape with tapering anterior and sausage-like posterior with a very short tip, in having very long caudal organs in the shape of slits or grooves, in the strongly curved pharynx, in the bubble-like conjunction between pharynx and intestine, in having coiled gonads in both sexes, in lacking an anus in females, in having the vulva at the level of the anterior third of body length and in having a pericloacal disk in males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E219E418FF1BF90E8D8A7ED0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1521,2014]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">
|
||
By its small body size, small cephalic hooks and the anterior position of the vulva
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E219E41BFB54F90E88407895" box="[1160,1297,1702,1725]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="watinagii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFB54F90E88407895" box="[1160,1297,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">S. watinagii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFAC6F90D880D7896" bold="true" box="[1306,1372,1701,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57EFE219E41BFAC6F90D880D7896" box="[1306,1372,1701,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E219E41BFEB4F9628CBB78CA" box="[360,490,1737,1762]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFEB4F9628CBB78CA" box="[360,490,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E219E41BFDF8F9628FEB78CA" box="[548,698,1737,1762]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tuliemense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFDF8F9628FEB78CA" box="[548,698,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">S. tuliemense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From the former it can be distinguished by its lack of setae, its different body shape in both sexes (not tapering towards posterior extremity
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFBFDF9468969792D" box="[1057,1080,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
tapering), its egg-shells being decorated differently (coated with tubercles
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFD5BF8BA8FCF7901" box="[647,670,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
cilia), its absence of an anus in females (
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFBB2F8BA89D47901" box="[1134,1157,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
an anus being present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E219E41BFF4BF89E8C4A7966" box="[151,283,1845,1870]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFF4BF89E8C4A7966" box="[151,283,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E219E41BFE85F89E8CA37966" box="[345,498,1845,1870]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tuliemense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFE85F89E8CA37966" box="[345,498,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">S. tuliemense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: although the anus was regarded as an additional excretory pore in the original description by Timm (1959) it was later recognized as an anus
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B77E219E41BFC8EF8F18EAB795A" author="Timm" box="[850,1018,1881,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">(Timm, 1966))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and its ovary having more numerous coils and a more spacious, looped uterus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E219E41BFDB6F8D68FA179BD" box="[618,752,1918,1941]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="watinagii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFDB6F8D68FA179BD" box="[618,752,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">S. watinagii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFD2AF8D58E6779BE" bold="true" box="[758,822,1917,1942]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57EFE219E41BFD2AF8D58E6779BE" box="[758,822,1917,1942]" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E219E41BFC6FF8D6891679BE" box="[947,1095,1917,1942]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tuliemense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFC6FF8D6891679BE" box="[947,1095,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">S. tuliemense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having long slit-like caudal organs, but is distinguished by its different body shape in both sexes (not tapering towards the posterior extremity
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E219E41BFF4BF86E8DFF79F5" box="[151,174,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="125">vs</emphasis>
|
||
tapering), its shorter excretory duct which is mildly as opposed to heavily sclerotised, its indistinct amphids, and its pericloacal disk in males compared to a precloacal appendage. By its small size
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FBE0FF3089937E98" box="[1084,1218,152,176]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="watinagii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FBE0FF3089937E98" box="[1084,1218,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. watinagii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57EFE21AE418FB15FF3F88587E98" box="[1225,1289,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FB15FF3F88587E98" bold="true" box="[1225,1289,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FA5BFF308C4F7EFC" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="anseriforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FA5BFF308C4F7EFC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. anseriforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FE84FF158C8F7EFD" box="[344,478,188,213]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FE84FF158C8F7EFD" box="[344,478,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but can be differentiated from both by its more anterior vulva position (30%
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FA8AFF15883C7EFC" box="[1366,1389,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">vs</emphasis>
|
||
50- 60%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF33686E21AE418FF1BFEAD896A7FDD" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
|
||
From all the remaining species of the genus it differs in having a short, expanded body, more anterior position of vulva and smaller eggs without a polar cap or caps. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FC52FE8089757F68" box="[910,1060,295,320]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="burmensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FC52FE8089757F68" box="[910,1060,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. burmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FBB4FE8088797F68" box="[1128,1320,295,320]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FBB4FE8088797F68" box="[1128,1320,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it differs additionally by its much smaller cephalic hooks and it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FC54FEE589507F4D" box="[904,1025,332,357]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laotense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FC54FEE589507F4D" box="[904,1025,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. laotense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having a pair of small hooks
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FAADFEE588D97F4C" box="[1393,1416,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">vs</emphasis>
|
||
a single large hook. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FE14FED88F227FA0" box="[456,627,368,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="anseriforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FE14FED88F227FA0" box="[456,627,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. anseriforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FD55FED88E417FA0" box="[649,784,367,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FD55FED88E417FA0" box="[649,784,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FCFBFED88EF97FA0" box="[807,936,367,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laotense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FCFBFED88EF97FA0" box="[807,936,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. laotense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FC62FED8890A7FA0" box="[958,1115,367,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="modigliani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FC62FED8890A7FA0" box="[958,1115,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. modigliani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FBADFED8899E7FA0" box="[1137,1231,368,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FBADFED8899E7FA0" box="[1137,1231,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. pingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FB38FED888207FA0" box="[1252,1393,367,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FB38FED888207FA0" box="[1252,1393,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FA5BFED88C4E7F85" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rodericensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FA5BFED88C4E7F85" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. rodericensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FEE8FE3D8CE67F85" box="[308,439,404,429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tsiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FEE8FE3D8CE67F85" box="[308,439,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. tsiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FE25FE3D8FC27F85" box="[505,659,404,429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tuliemense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FE25FE3D8FC27F85" box="[505,659,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. tuliemense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it differs in lacking an anus in females. From
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FB13FE3D898C7F84" box="[1231,1245,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FAD6FE3C88C27F85" box="[1290,1427,404,429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Siconemella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FAD6FE3C88C27F85" box="[1290,1427,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Siconemella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FF4BFE1F8C5B7FF8" box="[151,266,439,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="burmensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FF4BFE1F8C5B7FF8" box="[151,266,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">burmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FEC2FE108CD27FF8" box="[286,387,440,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Siconemella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gatesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FEC2FE108CD27FF8" box="[286,387,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. gatesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FE4BFE108F3C7FF8" box="[407,621,439,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Siconemella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hoplochaetellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FE4BFE108F3C7FF8" box="[407,621,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. hoplochaetellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FD5DFE108E517FF8" box="[641,768,439,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laotense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FD5DFE108E517FF8" box="[641,768,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. laotense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FCC8FE108EE17FF8" box="[788,944,439,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="modigliani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FCC8FE108EE17FF8" box="[788,944,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. modigliani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FC18FE1089327FF8" box="[964,1123,439,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Siconemella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pheretimae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FC18FE1089327FF8" box="[964,1123,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. pheretimae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FBA4FE1089827FF8" box="[1144,1235,440,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FBA4FE1089827FF8" box="[1144,1235,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. pingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FB34FE1088227FF8" box="[1256,1395,439,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FB34FE1088227FF8" box="[1256,1395,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FA5BFE108C4E7FDD" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rodericensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FA5BFE108C4E7FDD" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. rodericensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D05E21AE418FE8BFE758C847FDD" box="[343,469,476,501]" class="Chromadorea" family="Ungellidae" genus="Synoecnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tsiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938EA94E21AE418FE8BFE758C847FDD" box="[343,469,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">S. tsiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it differs in lacking polar differentiation on egg-shells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |