143 lines
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143 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="390EEA9CBACDAE2A1C22A73037144BDA" ID-DOI="10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1720669084001" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley & de Pinna, Mário" docDate="2022" docId="03D75034FFFBE423FC8B525B75EAFB52" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.20.1.e210009.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology (e 210009) 20 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FC0C3FD10650AF21F8DA93D98D275823.3:NeotropIchthyol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="FC0C3FD10650AF21F8DA93D98D275823" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Electrophorus Gill 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" masterDocId="FFEE284CFFE1E438FFB65162717CF803" masterDocTitle="Patterns of diversification and phylogenetic structure in the dorsolateral head musculature of Neotropical electric eels (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes), with a myological synonymy" updateTime="1720680001096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="8BC61F5813721E1FA356F9A9D80FCADD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DF851A50FF20F912E0BD085A39E231B7">
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<mods:title id="3E079EB65B7AC03D2A789E49B12781EA">Patterns of diversification and phylogenetic structure in the dorsolateral head musculature of Neotropical electric eels (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes), with a myological synonymy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="95542C653910AEC4F5A5549AAF72D7B1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C47B8115AA54B6E0AF66DD1599EFFF4D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9BDCEB18C244EB920B13051AC78CF695">Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="311956D661C174A5C771AD6C63A27D29" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DD9DEFAB5EFACC05CCD24A7ED222627F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D8EC087EB0C4F00386793805AB178450">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="06787875970F6023E0B691F884D96E39">de Pinna, Mário</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E7216B383F59AE18745ADA52A0F4B335">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7970C534436FDA0C1A9C4219CC869353">
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<mods:title id="D60A26E814D88BA368372DFD6FD0987F">Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="339B161EA0C79F4EA686FCC74C017C6D">
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<mods:date id="AE0017D2F44DC78F70DA6AD2FA6392C4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DE31AA56F640D64277C7B9C4E5740C72" type="series">
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<mods:title id="2C65182B0E8171BFE638713A18E0305C">e 210009</mods:title>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="8DB631F3DD9D6440E8AE08C67D72A50C" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="BFE53706A9F19464B8D769EE0EE1A647">2022-04-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="0F0BD482E2B9F008DD009D32C86E9FCC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="92588AE8FCB0D4BC001CA131DCA4CCD4">20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="963EFA90F738CB8FE4545F784BCC29FB" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9B948F920C24BFFE775DEE9513D03DA1">1</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="ECA0C5F0679F343AFD12D57803A4F90E">
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<mods:url id="4A0DC70C48C4571B9A02D03EB3763AC1">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="9B3571CD96ED4A6D44FAAAEA423A48C7">journal volume</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DE53F6F3CAC45A6A4BB922AE4047F00C" type="DOI">10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CE78137B05A06192244862C89E2DD3ED" type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D75034FFFBE423FC8B525B75EAFB52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12719976" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12719976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D75034FFFBE423FC8B525B75EAFB52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D75034FFFBE423FC8B525B75EAFB52" lastPageId="27" pageId="26">
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<subSubSection id="C364B2A9FFFBE422FC8B525B724FFD12" pageId="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFFBE422FC8B525B7522FB53" blockId="26.[829,1118,824,849]" box="[829,1118,824,849]" pageId="26">
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<heading id="D089564EFFFBE422FC8B525B7522FB53" box="[829,1118,824,849]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="26" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E9AA1FFFBE422FC8B525B7522FB53" ID-CoL="632F9" authority="Gill, 1864" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1864" box="[829,1118,824,849]" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Electrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FC8B525B729BFB52" bold="true" box="[829,999,825,849]" pageId="26">Electrophorus</emphasis>
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Gill, 1864
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFFBE422FDB052E1724FFD12" blockId="26.[488,1461,899,1595]" pageId="26">
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FDB052E1725AFB98" bold="true" box="[518,806,899,923]" pageId="26">Adductor mandibulae.</emphasis>
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The
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FC3652E17570FB98" box="[896,1036,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="26">stego-malaris</emphasis>
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originates in the hyomandibula, metapterygoid, endopterygoid, quadrate, parasphenoid, frontal and sphenotic. Its component subsections are increasingly differentiated towards its insertion, where dorsolateral fibers, presumably corresponding to the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FBE0529175DEFC08" box="[1110,1186,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="26">malaris</emphasis>
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, converge towards the coronoid process and dorsomesial fibers converge on a thick mandibular tendon inserted on the mesial surface of the coronoid process. The middle fibers, presumably correspond to the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FD0A5501727AFC78" box="[700,774,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="26">stegalis</emphasis>
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, diverge in a thick meckelian tendon inserted on the dorsal margin of the coronomeckelian bone (
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<figureCitation id="1345FDA7FFFBE422FC2A55EA72A3FCA2" box="[924,991,1160,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[136,209,1537,1557]" captionTargetBox="[325,1269,171,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[325,1269,171,1485]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3 | Adductor mandibulae of Electrophorus cf. electricus (Gymnotidae), MZUSP 85509, 488.2 mm LEA. A. Lateral view; B. Mesial view. Anatomical abbreviations in Tab. 1. Scale bar = 10 mm." pageId="26">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Dorsomesial fibers corresponding to the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FE5E55CC734EFCC5" box="[488,562,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="26">stegalis</emphasis>
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are disposed laterally relative to the posterolateral region of the basal portion of the endopterygoid, not completely overlapping it but totally covering laterally the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FE5F559A73A9FD13" box="[489,725,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="26">adductor arcus palatini</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1345FDA7FFFBE422FD54559A725AFD12" box="[738,806,1272,1297]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[135,208,1164,1184]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,171,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[136,1459,171,1123]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Lateral view of dorsolateral musculature of Electrophorus cf. electricus (Gymnotidae), MZUSP 85509, 488.2 mm TL. Anatomical abbreviations in Tab. 1. Scale bar = 10 mm" pageId="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C364B2A9FFFBE423FDB0547C75EAFB52" lastPageId="27" pageId="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFFBE422FDB0547C745EFE38" blockId="26.[488,1461,899,1595]" pageId="26">
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The
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FD89547C73FFFD35" box="[575,643,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="26">rictalis</emphasis>
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originates in the preopercle, quadrate and hyomandibula, with lateral fibers surpassing the anterior margin of the preopercular fossa, but not reaching the posterior margin of the bone, being restricted to its medial portion. The
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FA97540A7419FD83" box="[1313,1381,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="26">rictalis</emphasis>
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inserts mainly on the coronoid process, but with a few lateral fibers on the buccopalatal membrane. The dorsal portion of the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FC2954D1729FFDC8" box="[927,995,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="26">rictalis</emphasis>
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is disposed mesially to the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FA9654D174D0FDC8" box="[1312,1452,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="26">stego-malaris</emphasis>
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, with anterior fibers close to its insertion fully differentiated from the latter. The
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FAC254BB739EFE15" italics="true" pageId="26">ramus mandibularis trigeminus</emphasis>
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nerve is arranged mesially to the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FBE2549C75E4FE15" box="[1108,1176,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="26">rictalis</emphasis>
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and laterally to the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FAC5549D7348FE38" italics="true" pageId="26">stego-malaris</emphasis>
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(n = 1) or mesially to all sections of the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FC44574175B6FE38" box="[1010,1226,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="26">adductor mandibulae</emphasis>
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(n = 1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFFBE423FDB0570C7220F923" blockId="26.[484,1461,1646,1894]" lastBlockId="27.[487,1459,190,288]" lastPageId="27" pageId="26">
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FDB0570C7272FE85" bold="true" box="[518,782,1646,1670]" pageId="26">Levator arcus palatini.</emphasis>
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The
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FCF2570C7514FE85" box="[836,1128,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="26">levator arcus palatini anterior</emphasis>
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originates in the anteroventral margin of the sphenotic and is inserted on the hyomandibula. The
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FB6D57F1733DFED3" italics="true" pageId="26">levator arcus palatini posterior</emphasis>
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originates in the posteroventral margin of the sphenotic and inserts onto the hyomandibula and preopercle. In the region of origin, the two sections are partially continuous and sectioned by the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FCD35666751AFF18" box="[869,1126,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="26">truncus hyomandibularis</emphasis>
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nerve, which is lateral to the anterior section and mesial to the posterior one (
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<figureCitation id="1345FDA7FFFBE422FBB5564A7529FF42" box="[1027,1109,1832,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[136,209,1798,1818]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,171,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-21@19.[180,1415,171,1739]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10 | Electrophorus cf. electricus (Gymnotidae), MZUSP 85509, 488.2 mm LEA. A. Lateral view of dorsolateral head muscles; B. Posterior portion of dorsolateral head muscles. Adductor mandibulae dissected in B. LO, anterior not visible in lateral view. Anatomical abbreviations in Tab. 1. Scale bar = 10 mm." pageId="26">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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). At the insertion, fiber bundles of the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FD86562C7223FF65" box="[560,863,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="26">levator arcus palatini anterior</emphasis>
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are mesial to the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE422FB92562C750CFF65" box="[1060,1136,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="26">malaris</emphasis>
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and those of the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFBE423FA87562C73E4F8D5" italics="true" lastPageId="27" pageId="26">levator arcus palatini posterior</emphasis>
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are lateral to the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFAE423FCD451DC72D2F8D5" box="[866,942,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="27">malaris</emphasis>
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and posterolaterally to the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFAE423FB5351DC7455F8D5" box="[1253,1321,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="27">rictalis</emphasis>
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. The origin of the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFAE423FD985181727BF8F8" box="[558,775,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="27">levator arcus palatine</emphasis>
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is narrower than its insertion and only its posterodorsal fibers are mesial to the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFAE423FD13506A7229F923" box="[677,853,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="27">dilatator operculi</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFFAE423FDB0503173DBFA48" blockId="27.[486,1461,339,587]" pageId="27">
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFAE423FDB050317395F968" bold="true" box="[518,745,339,363]" pageId="27">Dilatator operculi.</emphasis>
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The
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFAE423FC9D50317541F968" box="[811,1085,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="27">dilatator operculi ventralis</emphasis>
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has a roughly rectangular shape, originating in the posterior margin of the preopercle and inserting on the anterodorsal portion of the dorsal process of the opercle. The
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFAE423FC4250FC758AF9B5" box="[1012,1270,414,438]" italics="true" pageId="27">dilatator operculi dorsalis</emphasis>
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is approximately conical and originates in the ventral margin of the pterotic, sphenotic and dorsal portion of the hyomandibula. The fibers of dorsal and ventral sections are partially continuous near their insertion on the anterodorsal and dorsal part of the dorsal process of the opercle (
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<figureCitation id="1345FDA7FFFAE423FDFE535173E6FA48" box="[584,666,563,587]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[136,209,1798,1818]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,171,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-21@19.[180,1415,171,1739]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10 | Electrophorus cf. electricus (Gymnotidae), MZUSP 85509, 488.2 mm LEA. A. Lateral view of dorsolateral head muscles; B. Posterior portion of dorsolateral head muscles. Adductor mandibulae dissected in B. LO, anterior not visible in lateral view. Anatomical abbreviations in Tab. 1. Scale bar = 10 mm." pageId="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFFAE423FDB0531C75EAFB52" blockId="27.[484,1460,638,849]" pageId="27">
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFAE423FDB0531C73AFFA95" bold="true" box="[518,723,638,662]" pageId="27">Levator operculi.</emphasis>
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The origin of the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFAE423FC26531C7503FA95" box="[912,1151,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="27">levator operculi anterior</emphasis>
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occurs in the posteroventral margin of the pterotic and exoccipital, while its insertion is into a ridge on the dorsal margin of the opercle, posterior to the anterodorsal process of that bone. The origin of the
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<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFFAE423FD81538C7241FB05" box="[567,829,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="27">levator operculi posterior</emphasis>
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is in the postotic canal segment corresponding to the supracleithrum and it inserts along a crest at the posterolateral margin of the opercle, with fibers surpassing the dorsal margin of that bone (
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<figureCitation id="1345FDA7FFFAE423FBF3525A75F5FB52" box="[1093,1161,824,849]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[135,208,1164,1184]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,171,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[136,1459,171,1123]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Lateral view of dorsolateral musculature of Electrophorus cf. electricus (Gymnotidae), MZUSP 85509, 488.2 mm TL. Anatomical abbreviations in Tab. 1. Scale bar = 10 mm" pageId="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |