160 lines
21 KiB
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160 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="AD34473FB67A9C3C88EE2ECB7E57AD52" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4999.1.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5089331" ID-ZooBank="B06EDF71-88EB-44FC-AF42-97583ADFF61F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625897565049" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Johnson, Andrew J., Honsberger, David & Beaver, Roger A." docDate="2021" docId="03A587B60B20FFA6FF58FF1DFA3DFC81" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4999.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4999 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cryphalus Erichson 1836" docType="key" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FF9CFFCE0B2EFFA8FFCFFF8AFFA1FFF6" masterDocTitle="New records and taxonomic notes on Cryphalus Erichson, 1836 in Hawaiʻi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1699000379684" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A96AFE785F949B5871D9AC63ECF67219">New records and taxonomic notes on Cryphalus Erichson, 1836 in Hawaiʻi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D0D7876EDF94C2C3AF1ECA09D51D482B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F64C7797C3D4BDABCCDA7A8A5A6C6823">Johnson, Andrew J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C42890335D2B7767F1309B899BFECFA">School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F08569F584A98C8E176553BDA59B8F46">Honsberger, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E95F57BDFD9611DFCA12E78AC29CF6CE">Entomology Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi 96822, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0A9B430AE314D2B16394A66CCCEC5728">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BD681525BDFCDC156B411309A1615D2E">161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6B46A30BB9C7601FCC6B6862CFC2D449">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F776219F68F28333831FF045E6B7E85A">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="50C5226AC36B579601DE0E917A2FEE89">2021-07-08</mods:number>
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Key to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D230B20FFA6FF3EFF1DFECEFF44" ID-CoL="8HF5F" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1836" box="[241,367,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cryphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAB20B20FFA6FF3EFF1DFECEFF44" bold="true" box="[241,367,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Cryphalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of
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<collectingRegion id="49C8F8420B20FFA6FE5AFF1FFE59FF47" box="[405,504,149,177]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Hawaiʻi</collectingRegion>
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<keyLead id="30FD95950B20FFA6FF58FF56FA3DFF07" box="[151,1436,220,242]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">1 Setae on pronotal disc entirely hair-like, sometimes dagger-like, but always much longer than wide.................... 2</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="8BB336A00B20FFA6FF58FF70FA3DFEF9" blockId="14.[151,1437,220,887]" box="[151,1436,249,271]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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<keyLead id="30FD95950B20FFA6FF58FF70FA3DFEF9" box="[151,1436,249,271]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">- Setae on pronotal disc include scale-like setae, sometimes with longer setae intermixed.............................. 3</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="30F82E050B20FFA6FF58FE9DFA3DFE0F" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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<paragraph id="8BB336A00B20FFA6FF58FE9DFA3DFE57" blockId="14.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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<keyLead id="30FD95950B20FFA6FF58FE9DFA3DFE57" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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<specimenCount id="9D0AFD290B20FFA6FF58FE9DFEB2FEDB" box="[151,275,279,301]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" type="male">2 Male</specimenCount>
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pronotal margin with a continuous ridge and pronotal slope with only very small, sparse asperities. Female with 4‒6 ser- rations on apical margin, and evenly spaced asperities on the pronotal slope. Pronotal disc short, less than 1/5 pronotal length (viewed dorsally) (
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<figureCitation id="13372A250B20FFA6FE57FEDBFE45FE9E" box="[408,484,337,360]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,194,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[159,1428,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cryphalus negrosensis Browne, 1979. A: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of female (UFFE:35202); B: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of male (UFFE:35203); C: frons of female (UFFE:35202); D: frons of male (UFFE:35203); E: dorsal view of base of pronotum and elytra of male (UFFE:35203)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5089341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5089341/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
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). Frons with a small longitudinal keel in the lower median (
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<figureCitation id="13372A250B20FFA6FBECFEDBFB36FE9E" box="[1059,1175,337,360]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,194,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[159,1428,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cryphalus negrosensis Browne, 1979. A: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of female (UFFE:35202); B: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of male (UFFE:35203); C: frons of female (UFFE:35202); D: frons of male (UFFE:35203); E: dorsal view of base of pronotum and elytra of male (UFFE:35203)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5089341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5089341/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Figs. 4C–D</figureCitation>
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). Males have a weak transverse carina at upper level of frons, obscured by the pronotum in most specimens. Found in various fruits, especially
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D230B20FFA6FA85FEE5FEA2FE54" ID-CoL="33G4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAB20B20FFA6FA85FEE5FEA2FE54" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Artocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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....................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D230B20FFA6FBFBFE06FA3DFE57" ID-CoL="ZSQP" authority="Browne, 1979" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1979" box="[1076,1436,396,418]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cryphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrosensis">
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<emphasis id="B978EAB20B20FFA6FBFBFE06FAAFFE54" box="[1076,1294,396,418]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Cryphalus negrosensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B510B20FFA6FADBFE07FA3DFE57" author="Browne, F. G." box="[1300,1436,396,418]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="85 - 86" refId="ref10807" refString="Browne, F. G. (1979) Additions to the scolytid fauna (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 106 (1977), 85 - 86." type="journal article" year="1979">Browne, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336A00B20FFA6FF58FE20FA3DFE0F" blockId="14.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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<keyLead id="30FD95950B20FFA6FF58FE20FA3DFE0F" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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- Both males and females with serrations on anterior margin, and asperities evenly spaced on pronotal slope. Pronotal disc longer, about 1/4 the pronotal length (viewed dorsally). Frons with only minute aciculations, but no obvious median keel (
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<figureCitation id="13372A250B20FFA6FAE6FE4DFA33FE2B" box="[1321,1426,455,477]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,194,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[152,1436,181,1775]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing, 1914. A: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of female (UFFE:35199); B: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of male (UFFE:35200); C: declivity of female (UFFE:35199); D: frons of female (UFFE:35199); E: frons of male (UFFE:35200)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5089339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5089339/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Fig. 3D–E</figureCitation>
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). Male and female frons similar. Mostly known from under bark of mango............
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D230B20FFA6FBE1FE6EFA3DFE0F" ID-CoL="ZSQ5" authority="Stebbing, 1914" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1914" box="[1070,1436,484,506]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cryphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangiferae">
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<emphasis id="B978EAB20B20FFA6FBE1FE6EFAA4FE0F" box="[1070,1285,484,505]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Cryphalus mangiferae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B510B20FFA6FAC4FE6EFA3DFE0F" author="Stebbing, E. P." box="[1291,1436,484,506]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" refId="ref12186" refString="Stebbing, E. P. (1914) Indian forest insects of economic importance. Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 648 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23135" type="book" year="1914">Stebbing, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30F82E050B20FFA6FF58FD88FA3DFD31" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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<paragraph id="8BB336A00B20FFA6FF58FD88FA3DFD99" blockId="14.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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<keyLead id="30FD95950B20FFA6FF58FD88FA3DFD99" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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3 Interstrial setae on elytral disc all scale-like, rows of longer scale-like setae extending onto the declivity of similar size and shape. Lower half of male frons similar to females, without any distinctive sculpturing, except a minute longitudinal keel (
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<figureCitation id="13372A250B20FFA6FABAFD95FEA1FDA4" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,185,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[152,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cryphalus brasiliensis Schedl, 1976. A: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of female (UFFE:35211); B: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of male (UFFE:35212); C: declivity of female (UFFE:35211); D: frons of female (UFFE:35211); E: frons of male (UFFE:35212)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5089335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5089335/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
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), and male pronotum only slightly flattened with asperities slightly smaller than females. Posterior margin of abdominal ventrites with distinct rows of dagger-like setae.................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D230B20FFA6FB8FFDD3FA3DFD99" ID-CoL="ZSLL" authority="Schedl, 1976" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1976" box="[1088,1436,601,623]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cryphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="B978EAB20B20FFA6FB8FFDD3FAB8FD98" box="[1088,1305,601,622]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Cryphalus brasiliensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B510B20FFA6FAD0FDD3FA3DFD99" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[1311,1436,601,623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="49 - 92" refId="ref12001" refString="Schedl, K. E. (1976) Neotropische Scolytoidea, XIII. Entomologische Abhandlungen aus dem Staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 41, 49 - 92." type="journal article" year="1976">Schedl, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336A00B20FFA6FF58FDFDFA3DFD31" blockId="14.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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<keyLead id="30FD95950B20FFA6FF58FDFDFA3DFD31" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">- Interstrial setae on elytral disc include erect, hair-like setae, which are shorter and more scale-like, and curved posteriorly, on declivity. Males with emargination along the lower margin of the frons and flattened pronotal slope and only small asperities. Posterior margin of abdominal ventrites with indistinct rows of hair-like setae..................................... 4</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30F82E050B20FFA6FF58FD45FA3DFC81" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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<paragraph id="8BB336A00B20FFA6FF58FD45FA3DFCD6" blockId="14.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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<keyLead id="30FD95950B20FFA6FF58FD45FA3DFCD6" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
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4 More than 2.1 times as long as wide, usually less than
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<quantity id="4CF49B450B20FFA6FD27FD45FC91FD12" box="[744,816,719,740]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
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length. Male frons with surface texture of median area similar to rest of frons (
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<figureCitation id="13372A250B20FFA6FEACFD66FE0FFCF4" box="[355,430,748,770]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[171,1435,372,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-100@10.[152,1436,345,1829]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cryphalus sylvicola (Perkins, 1900). A: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of female (UFFE:36060); B: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of male (UFFE:36061); C: frons of female (UFFE:36060); D: frons of male (UFFE:36061)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5089343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5089343/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
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). Pronotal disc approx. 1/3 of pronotal length (viewed dorsally). Usually matures dark brown................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D230B20FFA6FB8CFC83FA3DFCD6" ID-CoL="6BJPD" authority="(Perkins, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Perkins" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1091,1436,777,800]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cryphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvicola">
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<emphasis id="B978EAB20B20FFA6FB8CFC83FAA3FCE8" box="[1091,1282,777,798]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Cryphalus sylvicola</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B510B20FFA6FAC0FC83FA34FCD6" author="Perkins, R. C. L." box="[1295,1429,777,800]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="117 - 270" refId="ref11397" refString="Perkins, R. C. L. (1900) Coleoptera, II. Coleoptera Rhynchophora, Proterhinidae, Heteromera and Cioidae. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis or the Zoology of the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Isles: Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee appointed by the Royal Society of London for Promoting Natural Knowledge and the British Association for the Advancement of Science. And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum at Honolulu. Vol. 2. Part 3. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 117 - 270, pls. VII - X." type="book chapter" year="1900">Perkins, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336A00B20FFA6FF58FCADFA3DFC81" blockId="14.[151,1437,220,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FD95950B20FFA6FF58FCADFA3DFC81" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
|
||
- Less than 2.1 times as long as wide, usually greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B450B20FFA6FCC4FCADFCF4FCCA" box="[779,853,807,828]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
total length. Male frons with a wide glossy patch in median surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13372A250B20FFA6FEFBFCCEFE21FCAC" box="[308,384,836,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,192,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[152,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cryphalustrypanoides (Beeson, 1935).A:dorsal, lateral,and ventral photograph of female(UFFE:36066); B: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of male (UFFE:36071); C: frons of female (UFFE:36066); D: frons of male (UFFE:36071)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5089345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5089345/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotal disc approx. 1/4 of total length (viewed dorsally). Usually matures orange-brown...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D230B20FFA6FBE7FCEBFA3DFC81" ID-CoL="6BJQM" authority="(Beeson, 1935)" baseAuthorityName="Beeson" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1064,1436,865,887]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cryphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trypanoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAB20B20FFA6FBE7FCEBFAA2FC80" box="[1064,1283,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Cryphalus trypanoides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B510B20FFA6FADFFCE8FA34FC81" author="Beeson, C. F. C." box="[1296,1429,865,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref10564" refString="Beeson, C. F. C. (1935) Scolytidae of the Marquesas. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 142, 101 - 114." type="journal article" year="1935">Beeson, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |