276 lines
38 KiB
XML
276 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" ID-PMC="PMC4233396" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-449-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" ID-PubMed="25408612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578570" ID-ZooBank="75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-449-1" checkinTime="1451245204622" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gondim, Anne Isabelley, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey & Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia" docDate="2014" docId="47C6A0F24196255A1F74113277C09ACA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 449: 1-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 449" docPubDate="2014-10-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" docTitle="Luidia senegalensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1668159529239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">anneisabelley@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, CCBS, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratorio de Biologia Marinha, Campus I, Rua Baraunas, 351, Bairro Universitario, CEP 58429 - 500, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-10-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>449</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-449-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578570</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056073" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47C6A0F24196255A1F74113277C09ACA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/47C6A0F24196255A1F74113277C09ACA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName LSID="47C6A0F2-4196-255A-1F74-113277C09ACA" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia senegalensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia ludwigi scotti (A-D) A Abactinal view, in detail abactinal intermediate area B Actinal view, in detail the mouth C Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla D Actinal view. Luidia senegalensis (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 4e-h</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Some common starfishes in their natural habitat. A Luidia senegalensis in a sand beach B Astropecten marginatus in a hypersaline mangrove C Oreaster reticulatus in a sand beach D Linckia guildingi on coral reefs E Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus in seagrass beds and F Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus over the muddy bottom of a hypersaline mangrove. Photos: Thelma LP Dias." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">, 12a</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Asterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asterias senegalensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Asterias</pageBreakToken>
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senegalensis
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</taxonomicName>
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Lamarck, 1816: 567.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia senegalensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">Luidia senegalensis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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& Troschel, 1842: 78.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 9, pl. 2, fig. 1;
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 8, fig. 21;
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 5" refId="B135" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1985. Equinodermes da regiao da Ilha da Vitoria (SP). In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 5" title="Equinodermes da regiao da Ilha da Vitoria (SP)." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 3.
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">Brito 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 10-11, pl. 3, fig. 1.
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<bibRefCitation author="Lima-Verde, JS" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 13" refId="B72" refString="Lima-Verde, JS, 1969. Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar 9: 9 - 13" title="Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro." volume="9" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 10.
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<bibRefCitation author="Nomura, H" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos da Estacao de Biologia Marinha da Universidade Federal do Ceara" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="15 - 29" refId="B107" refString="Nomura, H, Fausto Filho, J, 1966. Shrimp survey in coastal and offshore waters of northeastern Brazil. Arquivos da Estacao de Biologia Marinha da Universidade Federal do Ceara 6: 15 - 29" title="Shrimp survey in coastal and offshore waters of northeastern Brazil." volume="6" year="1966">Nomura and Fausto Filho 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 19.
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<bibRefCitation author="Fernandes, MLB" journalOrPublisher="Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 427" refId="B41" refString="Fernandes, MLB, Tommasi, LR, Lima, EJB, 2002. Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco Vol. 2: 405 - 427" title="Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco." volume="Vol. 2" year="2002">Fernandes et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 422.
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<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 63.
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<bibRefCitation author="Manso, CLC" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="179 - 196" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032008000300017" refId="B89" refString="Manso, CLC, Alves, OF, Martins, LR, 2008. Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil). Biota Neotropica 8: 179 - 196, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032008000300017" title="Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil)." url="10.1590/S1676-06032008000300017" volume="8" year="2008">Manso et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 185, fig 8c-e.
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<bibRefCitation author="Lima, EJB" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="55 - 63" refId="B71" refString="Lima, EJB, Fernandes, MLB, 2009. Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias 11: 55 - 63" title="Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil)." volume="11" year="2009">Lima and Fernandes 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 58.
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<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 75.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Steenstrup in Lutken" authorityYear="1859" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia marcgravii" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marcgravii">Luidia marcgravii</taxonomicName>
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Steenstrup in
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<bibRefCitation author="Luetken, C" journalOrPublisher="Foren" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="25 - 96" refId="B77" refString="Luetken, C, 1859. Bidrag til Kundskab om de ved Kysterne af Mellem-og Syd-Amerika levende Arter af Soestjerner. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dan. Naturhist. Foren 1859: 25 - 96" title="Bidrag til Kundskab om de ved Kysterne af Mellem-og Syd-Amerika levende Arter af Soestjerner. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dan. Naturhist." volume="1859" year="1859">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
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1859
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 43-46.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Rio Grande do Norte: Timbau Beach, 3 spec., UFPB/ECH.1582, 28.II.1980; Areia Branca, Ponta do Mel, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1428, 23.VI.1982.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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: Lucena, Costinha Beach, 5 spec., UFPB/ECH.1673, 08.XI.2003; Cabedelo, Miramar Beach, 4spec., UFPB/ECH.1256, 03.II.1983; Cabedelo, Santa Catarina Beach, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1583, 18.V.2007;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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do Norte River Estuary, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.89, 18.06.1980; 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1586. 13.VI.1983.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Supposedly Senegal (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘L’">'L'</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="océan">ocean</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Afrique">d'Afrique</normalizedToken>
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, les
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<normalizedToken originalValue="côtes">cotes</normalizedToken>
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du
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Senegal’">Senegal'</normalizedToken>
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), but probably West Indies (
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Body flattened. Disk rounded. Nine long and narrow arms (rarely 7) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia ludwigi scotti (A-D) A Abactinal view, in detail abactinal intermediate area B Actinal view, in detail the mouth C Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla D Actinal view. Luidia senegalensis (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4e, f</figureCitation>
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). Paxillae on abactinal surface. Paxillae small, arranged irregularly, occupying center of disk and of arms. Paxillae of carinal regions rounded, with 1-4 central, short, rounded spinelets and 12-16 marginal spinelets disposed into two rows. Adradial paxillae quadrangular, disposed in regular longitudinal and tranversal rows, bearing 4-10 central, short, rounded spines (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia ludwigi scotti (A-D) A Abactinal view, in detail abactinal intermediate area B Actinal view, in detail the mouth C Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla D Actinal view. Luidia senegalensis (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4g</figureCitation>
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). Inferomarginal figs with two short, conical and slightly compressed spines (~2.20 mm), the upper one being the smallest. Towards the mouth the inferomarginal figs are covered by short, lanceolate spines (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia ludwigi scotti (A-D) A Abactinal view, in detail abactinal intermediate area B Actinal view, in detail the mouth C Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla D Actinal view. Luidia senegalensis (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4f</figureCitation>
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). Between these and the lateral margins slender spinelets occur. Adambulacral figs with four spines, two elongate, compressed and slightly curved adambulacral spines, and two elongate, flattened and lanceolate subambulacral spines (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia ludwigi scotti (A-D) A Abactinal view, in detail abactinal intermediate area B Actinal view, in detail the mouth C Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla D Actinal view. Luidia senegalensis (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4h</figureCitation>
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). Oral spines long (~2.59 mm) and thin, forming a dense tuft of spines on the apex of jaw. Ocular figs well developed and grunuliform. Pedicellariae absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colour.</emphasis>
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Dorsally bluish-grey or greenish-gray, with a strong dark line along the central region of the disk and of the arms. The actinal surface is white to cream-coloured.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Florida, Cuba, Jamaica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela and Brazil (
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="157 - 184" refId="B32" refString="Clark, AM, 1982. Notes on Atlantic Asteroidea 2. Luidiidae. Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History 42: 157 - 184" title="Notes on Atlantic Asteroidea 2. Luidiidae." volume="42" year="1982">Clark 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Abreu-Perez, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="29 - 52" refId="B1" refString="Abreu-Perez, M, Solis-Marin, FA, Laguarda-Figueras, A, 2005. Catalogo de los equinodermos (Echinodermata: Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea) neritico-bentonicos del Arquipielago Cubano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53: 29 - 52" title="Catalogo de los equinodermos (Echinodermata: Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea) neritico-bentonicos del Arquipielago Cubano." volume="53" year="2005">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Abreu-Pérez">Abreu-Perez</normalizedToken>
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||
et al. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarado, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="37 - 55" refId="B4" refString="Alvarado, JJ, Solis-Marin, FA, Ahearn, C, 2008. Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 37 - 55" title="Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano." volume="56" year="2008">Alvarado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gondim, AI" editor="Giacometti, ACM" journalOrPublisher="Grafica e Editora Paratodos Sorocaba Ltda, Terrezina" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="129 - 133" refId="B45" refString="Gondim, AI, Giacometti, ACM, 2010. Equinodermos. In: Giacometti, ACM, Loebmann, D, Eds., Biodiversidade do Litoral do Piaui. Grafica e Editora Paratodos Sorocaba Ltda, Terrezina: 129 - 133" title="Equinodermos." volumeTitle="Biodiversidade do Litoral do Piaui." year="2010">Gondim and Giacometti 2010</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
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,
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). This study provides the first record for the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. From 1 to 64 m in depth, being rare below 40 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Distinguished from the remaining species from Brazil by the presence of 7 to 9 arms.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia barbadensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="barbadensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Luidia barbadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Perrier, 1881, recorded for Bahamas, Florida, Gulf of Mexico and south Brazil is the closest species, but it may be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia senegalensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Luidia senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for having 6 arms, inframarginal figs with two long and narrow spines, and the usual presence of pedicellariae.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Walenkamp, JHC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 97" refId="B154" refString="Walenkamp, JHC, 1979. Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Guyana shelf. Zoologische Verhandelingen 170: 1 - 97" title="Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Guyana shelf." volume="170" year="1979">Walenkamp (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified one specimen with 6 arms from Guyana as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia senegalensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Luidia senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. His identification was questioned for some time, but the presence of dark bands on the carinal region of the arms and disk and the depth of collection (32 m, while the minimum known depth of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia barbadensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="barbadensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Luidia barbadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 73 m) confirm the validity of this identification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our observation of both juvenile (dd ≤ 15 cm) and adult individuals permitted the conclusion that morphological characters do not vary during ontogeny. Thus forms with less than 7 arms or more than 9 arms (this later condition never having been observed in nature) must be the result of failures during metamorphosis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hotchkiss, FHC" journalOrPublisher="American Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="340 - 354" publicationUrl="10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0340:OTNORI]2.0.CO;2" refId="B58" refString="Hotchkiss, FHC, 2000. On the number of rays in starfish. American Zoology 40: 340 - 354, DOI: 10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0340:OTNORI]2.0.CO;2" title="On the number of rays in starfish." url="10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0340:OTNORI]2.0.CO;2" volume="40" year="2000">Hotchkiss 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As for the remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1839" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Paxillosida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the structure of the paxillae represent a key taxonomic character for the identification of species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="ecological notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The species lives in environments of low hydrodynamism, in sediment containing sand, mud, or a combination of both of these (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It feeds mainly on molluscs, but also of other echinoderms such as sea-stars of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Astropecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and irregular echinoids, as well as ophiuroids, copepods, decapods, scaphopods, and polychaetes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Penchaszadeh, PE" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Journal of Science" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 6" refId="B115" refString="Penchaszadeh, PE, Lera, ME, 1983. Alimentacion de tres especies tropicales de Luidia (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) em Golfo Triste, Venezuela. Caribbean Journal of Science 19: 1 - 6" title="Alimentacion de tres especies tropicales de Luidia (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) em Golfo Triste, Venezuela." volume="19" year="1983">Penchaszadeh and Lera 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Sometimes a small commensal crustacean (
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Minyoceras" lsidName="Minyoceras angustus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="angustus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Minyoceras angustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dana, 1852) is found in the interior of its ambulacrum. This crustacean was also observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia clathrata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Luidia clathrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B20" refString="Brito, IM, 1960. Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 13" title="Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo." year="1960">Brito 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, individulas may attain 30-40 cm in disk diameter (dd), and attain sexual maturity when at 15 cm in diameter. Presently it is considered vulnerable to extinction along the Brazilian littoral. The main causes of population decline are its high succeptibility to the effects of pollution of the water column and the frequent accidental capture in trawling nets (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |