treatments-xml/data/90/69/87/906987D4FFA36F6C8DB833B8FDF3F9DC.xml

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<mods:title id="5B3F6CECE94E2B5EDD4E4C9D4E62A307">Revision of the Megaperidae Manter, 1934 n. comb. (Syn. Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942) including a reorganization of the Schistorchiinae Yamaguti, 1942</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B8C49FAD82EDAF4D8564089386514935">Blend, Charles K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="215370CB7E14B113D94AB6CAB7972F17">Corpus Christi Museum of Science &amp; History, 1900 N. Chaparral St., Corpus Christi, Texas 78401, USA. E-mail: ilovethesea @ att. net Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt. E-mail: yasser. karar @ sci. svu. edu. eg Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Wildlife &amp; Fisheries Sciences, Wildlife, Fisheries &amp; Ecological Sciences Building, TAMU 2258, Bldg. 1537, 534 John Kimbrough Blvd., College Station, Texas 77843, USA. E-mail: n-dronen @ tamu. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FD4474C058FCD77E5C969630FF4A6AC4">Karar, Yasser F. M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="906987D4FFA36F6C8DB833B8FDF3F9DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3800316" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163751548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3800316" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:906987D4FFA36F6C8DB833B8FDF3F9DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/906987D4FFA36F6C8DB833B8FDF3F9DC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="50DA6549FFA36F6E8DB833B8FB19FAEB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA36F6E8DB833B8FD71FB4B" blockId="5.[151,660,1225,1251]" box="[151,660,1225,1251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="433781AEFFA36F6E8DB833B8FD71FB4B" bold="true" box="[151,660,1225,1251]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA36F6E8DB833B8FD71FB4B" bold="true" box="[151,660,1225,1251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8C3033B8FD71FB4B" ID-CoL="844MF" authority="Skrjabin, 1942" authorityName="Skrjabin" authorityYear="1942" box="[287,660,1225,1251]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Apocreadiinae">Apocreadiinae Skrjabin, 1942</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA36F6E8DB8327FFB19FAEB" blockId="5.[151,1436,1294,1347]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
(Syns. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8DCF327FFD42FA8C" authority="Hunter &amp; Bangham, 1932" authorityName="Hunter &amp; Bangham" authorityYear="1932" box="[224,679,1294,1316]" class="Trematoda" family="Allocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anallocreadiinae">Anallocreadiinae Hunter &amp; Bangham, 1932</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8F9B327FFB95FA8C" authority="Cable &amp; Hunninen, 1942" authorityName="Cable &amp; Hunninen" authorityYear="1942" box="[692,1136,1294,1316]" class="Trematoda" family="Lepocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Homalometrinae">Homalometrinae Cable &amp; Hunninen, 1942</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8952327FFA7DFA8C" authority="Yamaguti, 1958" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1958" box="[1149,1432,1294,1316]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myzotinae">
Myzotinae 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA36F6E89DE327FFA7DFA8C" author="Yamaguti, S." box="[1265,1432,1294,1316]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref35883" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1958) Systema Helminthum. Vol 1. The digenetic trematodes of vertebrates. Part 1. Interscience Publishers, New York, 979 pp." type="book" year="1958">Yamaguti, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8DE8325CFD46FAEB" authority="Skrjabin &amp; Koval, 1960" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Koval" authorityYear="1960" box="[199,675,1325,1347]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Marsupioacetabulinae">Marsupioacetabulinae Skrjabin &amp; Koval, 1960</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8F82325CFC59FAEB" authority="Mehra, 1962" authorityName="Mehra" authorityYear="1962" box="[685,956,1325,1347]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eocreadiinae">Eocreadiinae Mehra, 1962</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8EE9325CFB10FAEB" authority="Mehra, 1962" authorityName="Mehra" authorityYear="1962" box="[966,1269,1325,1347]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microcreadiinae">Microcreadiinae Mehra, 1962</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50DA6549FFA36F6E8DB8321EFD40F8BD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA36F6E8DB8321EFD40F8BD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1391,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA36F6E8DB8321EFEF4FA20" bold="true" box="[151,273,1391,1416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
(Based on 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA36F6E8CBD321EFDF6FA20" author="Cribb, T. H." box="[402,531,1391,1416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="621 - 639" refId="ref33192" refString="Cribb, T. H. (2005) Family Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942. In: Jones, A., Bray, R. A. &amp; Gibson, D. I. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 621 - 639." type="book chapter" year="2005">Cribb 2005</bibRefCitation>
) Tegument spinous or unarmed. Oral sucker subterminal, unspecialized, with or without papillae. Ventral sucker pre-equatorial, unspecialized, with or without lamellar lips or flaps. Prepharynx often very short, sometimes longer than pharynx. Esophagus short or long. Caeca end blindly or form cyclocoel. Testes two, tandem, oblique or opposite. Cirrus pouch absent. Genital pore median, immediately anterior to ventral sucker (some distance anterior in 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8F31328EFD51F9B0" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1954" box="[542,692,1535,1560]" class="Trematoda" family="Allocreadiidae" genus="Pancreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA36F6E8F31328EFD51F9B0" box="[542,692,1535,1560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pancreadium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Ovary smooth or deeply lobed. Vitellarium follicular; follicles extensive, either restricted to hindbody or enter forebody. Excretory vesicle I-shaped, very short or extends anteriorly to posterior testis or to ovary; excretory pore terminal or dorsally or ventrally subterminal. Lymphatic vessels present or absent. Eggs unembryonated when laid, embryonate to produce miracidia which infect fresh- and brackish-water hydrobiid, amnicolid, viviparid and planorbid snails, undergo polyembrony to produce rediae that develop cercariae that are shed into environment and infect freshwater sphaeriid and unionid bivalves as well as marine venerid clams and small polychaetes, and form metacercariae infective to definitive host. Adults in intestine of marine and freshwater fishes; cosmopolitan.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="50DA6549FFA36F6E8DE8306EFB1BF890" box="[199,1278,1823,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA36F6E8DE8306EFB1BF890" blockId="5.[151,1437,1391,2029]" box="[199,1278,1823,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA36F6E8DE8306EFEB1F890" bold="true" box="[199,340,1823,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="C77B8860FFA36F6E8DE8306EFEE7F890" box="[199,258,1823,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
genus.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8C74306EFD4EF890" ID-CoL="7P67M" authority="Stafford, 1904" authorityName="Stafford" authorityYear="1904" box="[347,683,1823,1848]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Homalometron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA36F6E8C74306EFDE6F890" box="[347,515,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Homalometron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA36F6E8F25306EFD4EF890" author="Stafford, J." box="[522,683,1823,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="481 - 495" refId="ref35618" refString="Stafford, J. (1904) Trematodes from Canadian fishes. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27, 481 - 495." type="journal article" year="1904">Stafford, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Syn. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8FDA306EFBC0F890" authority="Manter, 1937" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1937" box="[757,1061,1823,1848]" class="Trematoda" family="Homalometridae" genus="Apocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA36F6E8FDA306EFC6EF890" box="[757,907,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apocreadium</emphasis>
Manter, 1937
</taxonomicName>
—see 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA36F6E8941306EFB17F890" author="Cribb, T. H." box="[1134,1266,1823,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="621 - 639" refId="ref33192" refString="Cribb, T. H. (2005) Family Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942. In: Jones, A., Bray, R. A. &amp; Gibson, D. I. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 621 - 639." type="book chapter" year="2005">Cribb 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50DA6549FFA36F6C8DE83035FCC4FE20" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA36F6D8DE83035FF05FF50" blockId="5.[151,1437,1391,2029]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA36F6E8DE83035FEDEF8F5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1860,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
Members of the 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8CD43035FD7BF8F5" authorityName="Skrjabin" authorityYear="1942" box="[507,670,1860,1885]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Apocreadiinae">Apocreadiinae</taxonomicName>
are unique within the 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA36F6E8EB53035FBC9F8F5" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1934" box="[922,1068,1860,1885]" class="Trematoda" family="Megaperidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Megaperidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA36F6E891C3035FB7CF8F5" bold="true" box="[1075,1177,1860,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n. comb.</emphasis>
in possessing a genital pore anterior to the ventral sucker, an oral sucker lacking a partial U-shaped sphincter encircling the aperture of the sucker, and caeca that either end blindly or form a cyclocoel. The main features used to distinguish apocreadiine genera include the appearance of the tegument, forebody, ventral and oral suckers, pharynx, ovary, testes and uterus, the terminal nature of the caeca (forming a cyclocoel or ending blindly) and their posterior extent, the anterior and posterior extent of the vitellarium, the exact location of the excretory and genital pores, the ratio of body length to width, the size of the post-testicular region and the anterior extent of the excretory vesicle (
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D887437CDFF31FF50" author="Cribb, T. H." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="621 - 639" refId="ref33192" refString="Cribb, T. H. (2005) Family Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942. In: Jones, A., Bray, R. A. &amp; Gibson, D. I. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 621 - 639." type="book chapter" year="2005">Cribb 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA06F6C8DE83675FCC4FE20" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DE83675FE8FFEB5" authorityName="Skrjabin" authorityYear="1942" box="[199,362,260,285]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Apocreadiinae">Apocreadiinae</taxonomicName>
is the largest subfamily within the 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E1D3675FC21FEB5" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1934" box="[818,964,260,285]" class="Trematoda" family="Megaperidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Megaperidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8EFB3675FBA6FEB5" bold="true" box="[980,1091,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n. comb.</emphasis>
with 14 recognized genera. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DB83656FDE0FEE8" authority="Cribb &amp; Bray, 1999" authorityName="Cribb &amp; Bray" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,517,295,320]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Callohelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8DB83656FEFAFEE8" box="[151,287,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Callohelmis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8C093656FDE0FEE8" author="Cribb, T. H. &amp; Bray, R. A." box="[294,517,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref33257" refString="Cribb, T. H. &amp; Bray, R. A. (1999) A review of the Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942 (Trematoda: Digenea) and description of Australian species. Systematic Parasitology, 44, 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / a: 1006197201426" type="journal article" year="1999">Cribb &amp; Bray, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was erected by 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8F933656FC4CFEE8" author="Cribb, T. H. &amp; Bray, R. A." box="[700,937,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref33257" refString="Cribb, T. H. &amp; Bray, R. A. (1999) A review of the Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942 (Trematoda: Digenea) and description of Australian species. Systematic Parasitology, 44, 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / a: 1006197201426" type="journal article" year="1999">Cribb &amp; Bray (1999)</bibRefCitation>
with the 
<typeStatus id="C77B8860FFA06F6D893B3659FBA1FEE8" box="[1044,1092,296,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
and only species, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D883B3656FE1DFECC" authority="Cribb &amp; Bray, 1999" authorityName="Cribb &amp; Bray" authorityYear="1999" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Callohelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pichelinae">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D883B3656FEE9FECD" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Callohelmis pichelinae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8C3B363DFE1DFECC" author="Cribb, T. H. &amp; Bray, R. A." box="[276,504,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref33257" refString="Cribb, T. H. &amp; Bray, R. A. (1999) A review of the Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942 (Trematoda: Digenea) and description of Australian species. Systematic Parasitology, 44, 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / a: 1006197201426" type="journal article" year="1999">Cribb &amp; Bray, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, found parasitizing the intestine of the blackeye thicklip, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D89AA363CFF0AFE20" authority="(Bloch)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1791" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Hemigymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melapterus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D89AA363CFA79FECD" box="[1157,1436,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hemigymnus melapterus</emphasis>
(Bloch)
</taxonomicName>
, the barred thicklip, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8CC43600FCB7FE20" authority="(Bloch)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[491,850,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Hemigymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8CC43600FD0BFE20" box="[491,750,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hemigymnus fasciatus</emphasis>
(Bloch)
</taxonomicName>
, the red shoulder wrasse, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D89A1361EFEE4FE05" authority="(Bleeker)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Stethojulis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bandanensis">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D89A1361EFA79FE20" box="[1166,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stethojulis bandanensis</emphasis>
(Bleeker)
</taxonomicName>
and the venus tuskfish, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F3336E5FC8BFE05" authority="(De Vis)" baseAuthorityName="De Vis" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[540,878,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Choerodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venustus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8F3336E5FCE6FE04" box="[540,771,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Choerodon venustus</emphasis>
(De Vis)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E5036E5FBE8FE05" box="[895,1037,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D893536E5FB67FE05" authorityName="G.Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[1050,1154,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Labridae</taxonomicName>
), from off Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8CD436C6FD80FE78" box="[507,613,439,464]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Australia</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F5836C6FC4BFE78" authority="Manter, 1940" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1940" box="[631,942,439,464]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Choanodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8F5836C6FCE6FE78" box="[631,771,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Choanodera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8E3E36C9FC4BFE78" author="Manter, H. W." box="[785,942,440,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="325 - 497" refId="ref34683" refString="Manter, H. W. (1940) Digenetic trematodes of fishes from the Galapagos Islands and the neighboring Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2, 325 - 497." type="journal article" year="1940">Manter, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was erected by 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D89AE36C9FACEFE78" author="Manter, H. W." box="[1153,1323,440,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="325 - 497" refId="ref34683" refString="Manter, H. W. (1940) Digenetic trematodes of fishes from the Galapagos Islands and the neighboring Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2, 325 - 497." type="journal article" year="1940">Manter (1940)</bibRefCitation>
with the description of 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C6F36ADFD0BFE5C" authority="Manter, 1940" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1940" box="[320,750,476,501]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Choanodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caulolatili">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C6F36ADFDAFFE5D" box="[320,586,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Choanodera caulolatili</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8F7A36ACFD0BFE5C" author="Manter, H. W." box="[597,750,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="325 - 497" refId="ref34683" refString="Manter, H. W. (1940) Digenetic trematodes of fishes from the Galapagos Islands and the neighboring Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2, 325 - 497." type="journal article" year="1940">Manter, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
infecting the intestine of the bighead filefish, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D883E36ADFEF1FDB0" authority="Gill" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1865" class="Actinopterygii" family="Malacanthidae" genus="Caulolatilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D883E36ADFF38FDB0" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Caulolatilus affinis</emphasis>
Gill
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C16368EFD90FDB0" authority="Gill" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1865" box="[313,629,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Malacanthidae" genus="Caulolatilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C16368EFDD9FDB0" box="[313,572,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Caulolatilus anomalus</emphasis>
Gill
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F93368EFCA2FDB0" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[700,839,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Malacanthidae" genus="Caulolatilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8F93368EFCA2FDB0" box="[700,839,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Caulolatilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8EA9368EFBF1FDB0" box="[902,1044,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D890D368EFB29FDB0" box="[1058,1228,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Malacanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Malacanthidae</taxonomicName>
), from off Cerros Island, 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8DC23555FEA0FD95" box="[237,325,548,573]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, and Santiago (=James) 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8F473555FD4AFD95" box="[616,687,548,573]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Island</collectingCountry>
, Galapagos. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E683554FB8FFD95" authority="Manter, 1936" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1936" box="[839,1130,548,573]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Crassicutis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8E683554FC20FD94" box="[839,965,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Crassicutis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8EFF3554FB8FFD95" author="Manter, H. W." box="[976,1130,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref34652" refString="Manter, H. W. (1936) Some trematodes of cenote fish from Yucatan. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 457, 33 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">Manter, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Syn. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D89933555FF35FDC8" authority="Szidat, 1954" authorityName="Szidat" authorityYear="1954" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Eocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D89933555FAA1FD95" box="[1212,1348,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eocreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D88603555FF35FDC8" author="Szidat, L." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref35685" refString="Szidat, L. (1954) Trematodos nuevos de peces de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina y un intento para aclarar su caracter marino. Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales y Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivaldavia &quot;, Ciencias Zoologicas, 3, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1954">Szidat, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) was erected by 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8CA53539FDC9FDC8" author="Manter, H. W." box="[394,556,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref34652" refString="Manter, H. W. (1936) Some trematodes of cenote fish from Yucatan. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 457, 33 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">Manter (1936)</bibRefCitation>
when he described 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E263539FB50FDC8" authority="Manter, 1936" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1936" box="[777,1205,583,608]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Crassicutis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cichlasomae">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8E263539FBFCFDC8" box="[777,1049,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Crassicutis cichlasomae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D89303539FB50FDC8" author="Manter, H. W." box="[1055,1205,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref34652" refString="Manter, H. W. (1936) Some trematodes of cenote fish from Yucatan. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 457, 33 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">Manter, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the stomach of the cichlid 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C0F351DFD9BFD2D" authority="(Hubbs)" baseAuthorityName="Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[288,638,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Mayaheros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mayorum">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C0F351DFDF0FD2C" box="[288,533,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mayaheros mayorum</emphasis>
(Hubbs)
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F8A351DFC1FFD2D" authority="Hubbs" authorityName="Hubbs" authorityYear="1936" box="[677,1018,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cichlasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mayorum">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8F8A351DFC47FD2C" box="[677,930,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cichlasoma mayorum</emphasis>
Hubbs
</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8938351DFB40FD2D" box="[1047,1189,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D899A351DFAC7FD2D" box="[1205,1314,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cichlidae</taxonomicName>
) from off 
<collectingRegion id="DA04F820FFA06F6D8DB835E1FF11FD0F" box="[151,244,656,679]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8C2935FEFEBAFD00" box="[262,351,655,680]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C5F35FEFC93FD00" authority="Bravo-Hollis &amp; Manter, 1957" authorityName="Bravo-Hollis &amp; Manter" authorityYear="1957" box="[368,886,655,680]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Dactylotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C5F35FEFDECFD00" box="[368,521,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dactylotrema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8F3935FEFC93FD00" author="Bravo-Hollis, M. &amp; Manter, H. W." box="[534,886,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref32897" refString="Bravo-Hollis, M. &amp; Manter, H. W. (1957) Trematodes of marine fishes of Mexican waters. X. Thirteen Digenea, including nine new species and two new genera, from the Pacific coast. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 24, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1957">Bravo-Hollis &amp; Manter, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a monotypic genus with its only member, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DB835C5FCFEFD65" authority="Bravo-Hollis &amp; Manter, 1957" authorityName="Bravo-Hollis &amp; Manter" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,795,692,717]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Dactylotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="squamatum">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8DB835C5FE5FFD64" box="[151,442,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dactylotrema squamatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8CEB35C5FCFEFD65" author="Bravo-Hollis, M. &amp; Manter, H. W." box="[452,795,692,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref32897" refString="Bravo-Hollis, M. &amp; Manter, H. W. (1957) Trematodes of marine fishes of Mexican waters. X. Thirteen Digenea, including nine new species and two new genera, from the Pacific coast. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 24, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1957">Bravo-Hollis &amp; Manter, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, obtained from the intestine of an unidentified mojarra, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DB835A9FF01FD47" box="[151,228,728,751]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gerreidae" genus="Gerres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8DB835A9FF01FD47" box="[151,228,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gerres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C0E35A6FE4AFD58" box="[289,431,727,752]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C9235A6FDD5FD58" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1859" box="[445,560,727,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gerreidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gerreidae</taxonomicName>
), found off Zihuatanejo, 
<collectingRegion id="DA04F820FFA06F6D8E7835A9FC5AFD58" box="[855,959,728,752]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8EE035A6FBC0FD58" box="[975,1061,727,752]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D891835A6FA75FD58" author="Bravo-Hollis, M. &amp; Manter, H. W." box="[1079,1424,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref32897" refString="Bravo-Hollis, M. &amp; Manter, H. W. (1957) Trematodes of marine fishes of Mexican waters. X. Thirteen Digenea, including nine new species and two new genera, from the Pacific coast. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 24, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1957">Bravo-Hollis &amp; Manter 1957</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DB8358DFE09FCBC" authority="Stafford, 1904" authorityName="Stafford" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,492,764,789]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Homalometron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8DB8358DFEA5FCBD" box="[151,320,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Homalometron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8C66358DFE09FCBC" author="Stafford, J." box="[329,492,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="481 - 495" refId="ref35618" refString="Stafford, J. (1904) Trematodes from Canadian fishes. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27, 481 - 495." type="journal article" year="1904">Stafford, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Syns. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F68358DFC74FCBC" authority="Simer, 1929" authorityName="Simer" authorityYear="1929" box="[583,913,764,789]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Anallocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8F68358DFD1EFCBD" box="[583,763,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Anallocreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8E2B358DFC74FCBC" author="Simer, P. H." box="[772,913,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="563 - 588" refId="ref35457" refString="Simer, P. H. (1929) Fish trematodes from the lower Tallahatchie River. American Midland Naturalist, 11, 563 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2420148" type="journal article" year="1929">Simer, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E8F358DFB3EFCBC" authority="Manter, 1937" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1937" box="[928,1243,764,789]" class="Trematoda" family="Homalometridae" genus="Apocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8E8F358DFBD3FCBD" box="[928,1078,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Apocreadium</emphasis>
Manter, 1937
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D89C5358DFECEFC90" authority="Szidat, 1956" authorityName="Szidat" authorityYear="1956" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Austrocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D89C5358DFA79FCBD" box="[1258,1436,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Austrocreadium</emphasis>
Szidat, 1956
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C15346EFD79FC90" authority="Ramsey, 1965" authorityName="Ramsey" authorityYear="1965" box="[314,668,799,824]" class="Trematoda" family="Homalometridae" genus="Barbulostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C15346EFE08FC90" box="[314,493,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Barbulostomum</emphasis>
Ramsey, 1965
</taxonomicName>
) is a relatively large genus with the 
<typeStatus id="C77B8860FFA06F6D897A3451FB60FC90" box="[1109,1157,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D89DC346EFE54FCF4" authority="Stafford, 1904" authorityName="Stafford" authorityYear="1904" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Homalometron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pallidum">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D89DC346EFF1EFCF5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Homalometron pallidum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8C283435FE54FCF4" author="Stafford, J." box="[263,433,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="481 - 495" refId="ref35618" refString="Stafford, J. (1904) Trematodes from Canadian fishes. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27, 481 - 495." type="journal article" year="1904">Stafford, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, published by 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8F4B3435FCF3FCF4" author="Stafford, J." box="[612,790,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="481 - 495" refId="ref35618" refString="Stafford, J. (1904) Trematodes from Canadian fishes. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27, 481 - 495." type="journal article" year="1904">Stafford (1904)</bibRefCitation>
based on “ 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E8A3434FBFDFCF4" box="[933,1048,837,860]" class="Trematoda" family="Fasciolidae" genus="Distomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8E8A3434FBFDFCF4" box="[933,1048,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.” of 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D89AC3435FAFBFCF4" author="Linton, E. W." box="[1155,1310,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="405 - 492" refId="ref34394" refString="Linton, E. W. (1901) Parasites of fishes of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1899, 19, 405 - 492. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11834" type="journal article" year="1901">Linton (1901</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 354) collected from the stomach and duodenum of the mummichog, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8EB13416FB7CFC28" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[926,1177,871,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Fundulidae" genus="Fundulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heteroclitus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8EB13416FB7CFC28" box="[926,1177,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fundulus heteroclitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D89803416FA7CFC28" box="[1199,1433,871,896]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Cyprinodontiformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DB834FDFEFFFC0D" box="[151,282,908,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Fundulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Fundulidae</taxonomicName>
), found in Canadian waters. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8FA734FDFB5DFC0D" authority="Yamaguti, 1952" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1952" box="[648,1208,908,933]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Marsupioacetabulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marinum">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8FA734FDFC08FC0C" box="[648,1005,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marsupioacetabulum marinum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8ED234FDFB5DFC0D" author="Yamaguti, S." box="[1021,1208,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="146 - 198" refId="ref35851" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1952) Parasitic worms mainly from Celebes. Part 1. New digenetic trematodes of fishes. Acta Medica Okayama, 8, 146 - 198." type="journal article" year="1952">Yamaguti, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8DB834DEFEB0FC60" author="Yamaguti, S." box="[151,341,943,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="146 - 198" refId="ref35851" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1952) Parasitic worms mainly from Celebes. Part 1. New digenetic trematodes of fishes. Acta Medica Okayama, 8, 146 - 198." type="journal article" year="1952">Yamaguti (1952)</bibRefCitation>
as the 
<typeStatus id="C77B8860FFA06F6D8C8A34C1FE30FC60" box="[421,469,944,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F7B34DEFC1BFC60" authority="Yamaguti, 1952" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1952" box="[596,1022,943,968]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Marsupioacetabulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8F7B34DEFCA6FC60" box="[596,835,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marsupioacetabulum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8E6334DEFC1BFC60" author="Yamaguti, S." box="[844,1022,943,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="146 - 198" refId="ref35851" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1952) Parasitic worms mainly from Celebes. Part 1. New digenetic trematodes of fishes. Acta Medica Okayama, 8, 146 - 198." type="journal article" year="1952">Yamaguti, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from a single specimen found in the intestine of the whipfin silver-biddy, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F7334A4FC45FC45" authority="Cuvier" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[604,928,980,1005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gerreidae" genus="Gerres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8F7334A4FCA0FC45" box="[604,837,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gerres filamentosus</emphasis>
Cuvier
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8EE734A4FB08FC45" authority="Cuvier" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1830" box="[968,1261,980,1005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gerreidae" genus="Gerres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8EE734A4FB74FC44" box="[968,1169,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gerres punctatus</emphasis>
Cuvier
</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D882434A5FA7CFC45" box="[1291,1433,980,1005]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DB83486FEEFFBB8" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,266,1015,1040]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gerreidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gerreidae</taxonomicName>
), off Makassar, 
<collectingRegion id="DA04F820FFA06F6D8CE53486FDCAFBB8" box="[458,559,1015,1040]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
(formerly known as 
<collectingRegion id="DA04F820FFA06F6D8E023486FC6FFBB8" box="[813,906,1015,1040]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Celebes</collectingRegion>
), 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8E8E3486FBF7FBB8" box="[929,1042,1015,1040]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D890F3486FA80FBB8" authority="Simer, 1929" authorityName="Simer" authorityYear="1929" box="[1056,1381,1015,1040]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Microcreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D890F3486FB29FBB8" box="[1056,1228,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Microcreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D89F73486FA80FBB8" author="Simer, P. H." box="[1240,1381,1015,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="563 - 588" refId="ref35457" refString="Simer, P. H. (1929) Fish trematodes from the lower Tallahatchie River. American Midland Naturalist, 11, 563 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2420148" type="journal article" year="1929">Simer, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was established by 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8C6F336DFE30FB9C" author="Simer, P. H." box="[320,469,1052,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="563 - 588" refId="ref35457" refString="Simer, P. H. (1929) Fish trematodes from the lower Tallahatchie River. American Midland Naturalist, 11, 563 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2420148" type="journal article" year="1929">Simer (1929)</bibRefCitation>
with the description of 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8FC9336DFB67FB9C" authority="Simer, 1929" authorityName="Simer" authorityYear="1929" box="[742,1154,1052,1077]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Microcreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8FC9336DFC15FB9C" box="[742,1008,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Microcreadium parvum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8ED6336DFB67FB9C" author="Simer, P. H." box="[1017,1154,1052,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="563 - 588" refId="ref35457" refString="Simer, P. H. (1929) Fish trematodes from the lower Tallahatchie River. American Midland Naturalist, 11, 563 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2420148" type="journal article" year="1929">Simer, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the intestine of the freshwater drum, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C58334EFCF1FBF0" authority="Rafinesque" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1819" box="[375,788,1087,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Aplodinotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grunniens">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C58334EFD67FBF0" box="[375,642,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aplodinotus grunniens</emphasis>
Rafinesque
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E1F334EFC5BFBF0" box="[816,958,1087,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8EFB334EFBB7FBF0" box="[980,1106,1087,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sciaenidae</taxonomicName>
), secured from the lower Tallahatchie River in Mississippi. 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8F093314FD29FBD4" author="Manter, H. W." box="[550,716,1124,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="325 - 497" refId="ref34683" refString="Manter, H. W. (1940) Digenetic trematodes of fishes from the Galapagos Islands and the neighboring Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2, 325 - 497." type="journal article" year="1940">Manter (1940)</bibRefCitation>
erected the monotypic genus 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D891F3314FAD7FBD4" authority="Manter, 1940" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1940" box="[1072,1330,1124,1148]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Myzotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D891F3314FB6BFBD4" box="[1072,1166,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Myzotus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D89B73314FAD7FBD4" author="Manter, H. W." box="[1176,1330,1124,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="325 - 497" refId="ref34683" refString="Manter, H. W. (1940) Digenetic trematodes of fishes from the Galapagos Islands and the neighboring Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2, 325 - 497." type="journal article" year="1940">Manter, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with the description of 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C1033F8FD51FB08" authority="Manter, 1940" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1940" box="[319,692,1159,1184]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Myzotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vitellosus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C1033F8FDF5FB08" box="[319,528,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Myzotus vitellosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8F3433F8FD51FB08" author="Manter, H. W." box="[539,692,1160,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="325 - 497" refId="ref34683" refString="Manter, H. W. (1940) Digenetic trematodes of fishes from the Galapagos Islands and the neighboring Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2, 325 - 497." type="journal article" year="1940">Manter, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
obtained from the intestine of the ocean whitefish, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D883E33F6FE8DFB6C" authority="(Jenyns)" baseAuthorityName="Jenyns" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Actinopterygii" family="Malacanthidae" genus="Caulolatilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="princeps">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D883E33F6FF12FB6C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Caulolatilus princeps</emphasis>
(Jenyns)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8CAC33DDFDF4FB6D" box="[387,529,1196,1221]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F0933DDFD35FB6D" box="[550,720,1196,1221]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Malacanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Malacanthidae</taxonomicName>
), collected off Tagus Cove, Isabela (=Albemarle) 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D887F33DDFA7DFB6D" box="[1360,1432,1196,1221]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Island</collectingCountry>
, Galapagos. Sogandares-Bernal (1959), while studying the digenetic trematodes of marine fishes from the Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8DB83384FF15FAA4" box="[151,240,1269,1292]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
and off 
<collectingRegion id="DA04F820FFA06F6D8C633385FE78FAA5" box="[332,413,1268,1293]" country="Bahamas" name="Bimini" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bimini</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8C873385FDF4FAA5" box="[424,529,1268,1293]" name="Bahamas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, British West Indies, described 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E5E3385FA79FAA5" authority="Sogandares-Bernal, 1959" authorityName="Sogandares-Bernal" authorityYear="1959" box="[881,1436,1268,1293]" class="Trematoda" family="Homalometridae" genus="Apocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angustum">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8E5E3385FB9FFAA4" box="[881,1146,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Apocreadium angustum</emphasis>
Sogandares-Bernal, 1959
</taxonomicName>
from the intestine of the buffalo trunkfish, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F8D3266FBF7FA98" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[674,1042,1303,1328]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ostraciidae" genus="Lactophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8F8D3266FC6EFA98" box="[674,907,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lactophrys trigonus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D89093266FB1EFA98" box="[1062,1275,1303,1328]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Tetraodontiformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D88233266FA74FA98" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[1292,1425,1303,1328]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ostraciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ostraciidae</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8DB8324DFE4CFAFD" author="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M." box="[151,425,1340,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="257 - 369" refId="ref35416" refString="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M. (1960) Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 17, 257 - 369." type="journal article" year="1960">Siddiqi &amp; Cable (1960)</bibRefCitation>
, after collecting additional specimens of this digenean from the intestine of the spotted trunkfish, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C23322EFD69FAD0" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[268,652,1375,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ostraciidae" genus="Lactophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicaudalis">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C23322EFDEDFAD0" box="[268,520,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lactophrys bicaudalis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8FB2322EFC97FAD0" box="[669,882,1375,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Tetraodontiformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E51322EFBE7FAD0" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[894,1026,1375,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ostraciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ostraciidae</taxonomicName>
), from off 
<collectingRegion id="DA04F820FFA06F6D89AD322EFAE5FAD0" box="[1154,1280,1375,1400]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Cabo Rojo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cabo Rojo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D88223211FA7DFAD0" box="[1293,1432,1375,1400]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, then erected 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C0732F5FD0AFA35" authority="Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960" authorityName="Siddiqi &amp; Cable" authorityYear="1960" box="[296,751,1412,1437]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Neoapocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C0732F5FE0DFA35" box="[296,488,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Neoapocreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8CDF32F5FD0AFA35" author="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M." box="[496,751,1412,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="257 - 369" refId="ref35416" refString="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M. (1960) Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 17, 257 - 369." type="journal article" year="1960">Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E1F32F5FE4CFA68" authority="(Sogandares-Bernal, 1959) Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960" authorityName="Siddiqi &amp; Cable" authorityYear="1960" baseAuthorityName="Sogandares-Bernal" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Neoapocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angustum">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8E1F32F5FB80FA34" box="[816,1125,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Neoapocreadium angustum</emphasis>
(Sogandares-Bernal, 1959) 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8DB832D6FE4CFA68" author="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M." box="[151,425,1447,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="257 - 369" refId="ref35416" refString="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M. (1960) Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 17, 257 - 369." type="journal article" year="1960">Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as 
<typeStatus id="C77B8860FFA06F6D8CF232D9FDE8FA68" box="[477,525,1448,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species. They distinguished species of 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8EDC32D6FB56FA68" authorityName="Siddiqi &amp; Cable" authorityYear="1960" box="[1011,1203,1447,1472]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Neoapocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8EDC32D6FB56FA68" box="[1011,1203,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Neoapocreadium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D882932D6FA79FA68" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1937" box="[1286,1436,1447,1472]" class="Trematoda" family="Homalometridae" genus="Apocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D882932D6FA79FA68" box="[1286,1436,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Apocreadium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8D9F32BDFEBDFA4D" authorityName="Stafford" authorityYear="1904" box="[176,344,1484,1509]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Homalometron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8D9F32BDFEBDFA4D" box="[176,344,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Homalometron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by the former possessing a longitudinal slit-like mouth, a massive pharynx, wide caeca, and confluent vitellarium in the forebody. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F64329EFBEDF9A0" authority="Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960" authorityName="Siddiqi &amp; Cable" authorityYear="1960" box="[587,1032,1519,1544]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Neomegasolena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8F64329EFD1BF9A0" box="[587,766,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Neomegasolena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8E29329EFBEDF9A0" author="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M." box="[774,1032,1519,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="257 - 369" refId="ref35416" refString="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M. (1960) Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 17, 257 - 369." type="journal article" year="1960">Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a monotypic genus with its 
<typeStatus id="C77B8860FFA06F6D88433281FA79F9A0" box="[1388,1436,1520,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
and only species, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C4C3165FC5BF985" authority="Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960" authorityName="Siddiqi &amp; Cable" authorityYear="1960" box="[355,958,1556,1581]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Neomegasolena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chaetodipteri">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C4C3165FD56F985" box="[355,691,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Neomegasolena chaetodipteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8F923165FC5BF985" author="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M." box="[701,958,1556,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="257 - 369" refId="ref35416" refString="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M. (1960) Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 17, 257 - 369." type="journal article" year="1960">Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described from the caeca and intestine of the Atlantic spadefish, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8CB83146FCF8F9F8" authority="(Broussonet)" baseAuthorityName="Broussonet" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[407,797,1591,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ephippidae" genus="Chaetodipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="faber">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8CB83146FD63F9F8" box="[407,646,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chaetodipterus faber</emphasis>
(Broussonet)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E043146FC5CF9F8" box="[811,953,1591,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8EED3146FBA3F9F8" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1859" box="[962,1094,1591,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ephippidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ephippidae</taxonomicName>
), from off 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D89933146FB01F9F8" box="[1212,1252,1591,1616]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isla</collectingCountry>
Ratones, 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D887C3149FF29F9DD" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8DF0312DFE0DF9DD" author="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M." box="[223,488,1628,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="257 - 369" refId="ref35416" refString="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M. (1960) Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 17, 257 - 369." type="journal article" year="1960">Siddiqi &amp; Cable 1960</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F2F312DFCD9F9DD" authority="Manter, 1954" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1954" box="[512,828,1628,1653]" class="Trematoda" family="Allocreadiidae" genus="Pancreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8F2F312DFD73F9DD" box="[512,662,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pancreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8F8D312CFCD9F9DD" author="Manter, H. W." box="[674,828,1628,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="475 - 568" refId="ref34805" refString="Manter, H. W. (1954) Some digenetic trematodes from fishes of New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 82, 475 - 568." type="journal article" year="1954">Manter, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is another monotypic genus with its 
<typeStatus id="C77B8860FFA06F6D89D5312CFACFF9DD" box="[1274,1322,1629,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
and only species, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DD9310EFD4FF930" authority="Manter, 1954" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1954" box="[246,682,1663,1688]" class="Trematoda" family="Allocreadiidae" genus="Pancreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="otagoensis">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8DD9310EFDE9F930" box="[246,524,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pancreadium otagoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8F3B31F1FD4FF930" author="Manter, H. W." box="[532,682,1663,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="475 - 568" refId="ref34805" refString="Manter, H. W. (1954) Some digenetic trematodes from fishes of New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 82, 475 - 568." type="journal article" year="1954">Manter, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described from the intestine, stomach and gall bladder of the 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D884831F1FF14F915" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
blue cod, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8C5D31D4FD4DF914" authority="(Forster)" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[370,680,1700,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pinguipedidae" genus="Parapercis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colias">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8C5D31D4FDDEF915" box="[370,571,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parapercis colias</emphasis>
(Forster)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8F9531D5FCADF915" box="[698,840,1700,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E7931D5FC1EF915" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1860" box="[854,1019,1700,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pinguipedidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pinguipedidae</taxonomicName>
), from off 
<collectingRegion id="DA04F820FFA06F6D895131D5FB1FF915" box="[1150,1274,1700,1725]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Wellington</collectingRegion>
and from the aquarium at the Portobello Marine Laboratory in 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8FEB31B9FCBFF948" box="[708,858,1735,1760]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8E4631B9FBE5F948" author="Manter, H. W." box="[873,1024,1735,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="475 - 568" refId="ref34805" refString="Manter, H. W. (1954) Some digenetic trematodes from fishes of New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 82, 475 - 568." type="journal article" year="1954">Manter 1954</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D893C31B8FE79F8AC" authority="Ostrowski de Nunez, Brugni &amp; Flores, 2003" authorityName="Ostrowski de Nunez, Brugni &amp; Flores" authorityYear="2003" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Posterotestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D893C31B8FB42F948" box="[1043,1191,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Posterotestes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D898031B6FE79F8AC" author="Ostrowski de Nunez, M. &amp; Brugni, N. &amp; Flores, V. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="211 - 214" refId="ref35143" refString="Ostrowski de Nunez, M., Brugni, N. &amp; Flores, V. R. (2003) Posterotestes unelen gen. et sp. n. (Digenea: Apocreadiidae) from Percichthys trucha (Osteichthyes: Percichthyidae) in Patagonia, Argentina. Folia Parasitologia, 50, 211 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / fp. 2003.037" type="journal article" year="2003">Ostrowski de Núñez, Brugni &amp; Flores, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is monotypic with the 
<typeStatus id="C77B8860FFA06F6D8F86319CFD3CF8AD" box="[681,729,1773,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E6B319CFECEF880" authority="Ostrowski de Nunez, Brugni &amp; Flores, 2003" authorityName="Ostrowski de Nunez, Brugni" authorityYear="2003" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Posterotestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="unelen">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8E6B319CFBC9F8AD" box="[836,1068,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Posterotestes unelen</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D891A319DFECEF880" author="Ostrowski de Nunez, M. &amp; Brugni, N. &amp; Flores, V. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="211 - 214" refId="ref35143" refString="Ostrowski de Nunez, M., Brugni, N. &amp; Flores, V. R. (2003) Posterotestes unelen gen. et sp. n. (Digenea: Apocreadiidae) from Percichthys trucha (Osteichthyes: Percichthyidae) in Patagonia, Argentina. Folia Parasitologia, 50, 211 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / fp. 2003.037" type="journal article" year="2003">Ostrowski de Núñez, Brugni &amp; Flores, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
found infecting the posterior intestine of the creole perch, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8923307EFA7EF880" authority="(Valenciennes)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1036,1435,1807,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Percichthyidae" genus="Percichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trucha">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8923307EFB03F880" box="[1036,1254,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Percichthys trucha</emphasis>
(Valenciennes)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DB13045FEC9F8E5" box="[158,300,1844,1869]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: Percichthydidae), from Lake Epuyén, 
<collectingRegion id="DA04F820FFA06F6D8FCF3045FC44F8E5" box="[736,929,1844,1869]" country="Argentina" name="Chubut" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chubut Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8E843045FBFFF8E5" box="[939,1050,1844,1869]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D89063045FA74F8E4" author="Ostrowski de Nunez, M. &amp; Brugni, N. &amp; Flores, V. R." box="[1065,1425,1844,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="211 - 214" refId="ref35143" refString="Ostrowski de Nunez, M., Brugni, N. &amp; Flores, V. R. (2003) Posterotestes unelen gen. et sp. n. (Digenea: Apocreadiidae) from Percichthys trucha (Osteichthyes: Percichthyidae) in Patagonia, Argentina. Folia Parasitologia, 50, 211 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / fp. 2003.037" type="journal article" year="2003">
Ostrowski de Núñez 
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D883A3044FAA3F8E5" box="[1301,1350,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DB83026FD95F8D8" authority="Szidat, 1954" authorityName="Szidat" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,624,1879,1904]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Procaudotestis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="uruguayensis">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8DB83026FE3EF8D8" box="[151,475,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Procaudotestis uruguayensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8CCC3026FD95F8D8" author="Szidat, L." box="[483,624,1879,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref35685" refString="Szidat, L. (1954) Trematodos nuevos de peces de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina y un intento para aclarar su caracter marino. Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales y Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivaldavia &quot;, Ciencias Zoologicas, 3, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1954">Szidat, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8E6B3026FC39F8D8" author="Szidat, L." box="[836,988,1879,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref35685" refString="Szidat, L. (1954) Trematodos nuevos de peces de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina y un intento para aclarar su caracter marino. Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales y Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivaldavia &quot;, Ciencias Zoologicas, 3, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1954">Szidat (1954)</bibRefCitation>
from the digestive tract of the armored catfish 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8DC7300DFD99F83D" authority="(Valenciennes)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[232,636,1916,1941]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Paraloricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8DC7300DFE35F83D" box="[232,464,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paraloricaria vetula</emphasis>
(Valenciennes)
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8FB2300CFC14F83D" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1835" box="[669,1009,1916,1941]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Loricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8FB2300CFCB1F83D" box="[669,852,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Loricaria vetula</emphasis>
Valenciennes
</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8928300DFB7CF83D" box="[1031,1177,1916,1941]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Siluriformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D898C300DFACBF83D" box="[1187,1326,1916,1941]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Loricariidae</taxonomicName>
) from the 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA06F6D8DB830D0FF1CF811" box="[151,249,1953,1977]" name="Uruguay" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
River, South America; it is the 
<typeStatus id="C77B8860FFA06F6D8F7830D0FD62F811" box="[599,647,1953,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8E2D30D1FBDAF811" authority="Szidat, 1954" authorityName="Szidat" authorityYear="1954" box="[770,1087,1952,1977]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Procaudotestis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D8E2D30D1FC4CF811" box="[770,937,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Procaudotestis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8E9F30D1FBDAF811" author="Szidat, L." box="[944,1087,1952,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref35685" refString="Szidat, L. (1954) Trematodos nuevos de peces de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina y un intento para aclarar su caracter marino. Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales y Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivaldavia &quot;, Ciencias Zoologicas, 3, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1954">Szidat, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D898C30D1FF2AF875" authority="Dollfus, 1950" authorityName="Dollfus" authorityYear="1950" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Trematobrien" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA06F6D898C30D1FADFF811" box="[1187,1338,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trematobrien</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D886E30D1FF2AF875" author="Dollfus, R. P." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref33565" refString="Dollfus, R. P. (1950) Trematodes recoltes au Congo Belge par Professeur Paul Brien (mai-aout 1937). Annales du Museum du Congo Belge, Tervuren, C: Zoologie, Series 5, 1, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1950">Dollfus, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was erected—indeed, an entire new family, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA06F6D8FD930B5FB8EF875" authority="Dollfus, 1950" authorityName="Dollfus" authorityYear="1950" box="[758,1131,1988,2013]" class="Trematoda" family="Trematobrienidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">
Trematobrienidae 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA06F6D8EE430B5FB8EF875" author="Dollfus, R. P." box="[971,1131,1988,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref33565" refString="Dollfus, R. P. (1950) Trematodes recoltes au Congo Belge par Professeur Paul Brien (mai-aout 1937). Annales du Museum du Congo Belge, Tervuren, C: Zoologie, Series 5, 1, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1950">Dollfus, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—with the description of 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8DB837E6FD60FF18" authority="Dollfus, 1950" authorityName="Dollfus" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,645,151,176]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Trematobrien" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="haplochromios">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8DB837E6FE3AFF18" box="[151,479,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trematobrien haplochromios</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C8CC737E6FD60FF18" author="Dollfus, R. P." box="[488,645,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref33565" refString="Dollfus, R. P. (1950) Trematodes recoltes au Congo Belge par Professeur Paul Brien (mai-aout 1937). Annales du Museum du Congo Belge, Tervuren, C: Zoologie, Series 5, 1, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1950">Dollfus, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the intestine of the southern mouthbrooder, 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C89E637E6FE8CFF7D" authority="(Weber)" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudocrenilabrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philander">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C89E637E6FEE1FF7D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudocrenilabrus philander</emphasis>
(Weber)
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8CA337CDFD60FF7C" authorityName="P. H. Skelton" authorityYear="1991" box="[396,645,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Haplochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moffati">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8CA337CDFD60FF7C" box="[396,645,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Haplochromis moffati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[non Castelnau]) (
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8E4E37CDFC0AFF7D" box="[865,1007,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perciformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8ED337CDFB89FF7D" box="[1020,1132,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cichlidae</taxonomicName>
), from the 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA16F6C89DF37CDFA79FF7C" box="[1264,1436,188,213]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Belgian Congo</collectingCountry>
(now recognized as 
<collectingCountry id="60D77652FFA16F6C8C5937AEFCC0FF50" box="[374,805,223,248]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
) in Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C8E8A37AEFBDBFF50" author="Dollfus, R. P." box="[933,1086,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref33565" refString="Dollfus, R. P. (1950) Trematodes recoltes au Congo Belge par Professeur Paul Brien (mai-aout 1937). Annales du Museum du Congo Belge, Tervuren, C: Zoologie, Series 5, 1, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1950">Dollfus 1950</bibRefCitation>
). With this review, we note that megaperines, postporines and schistorchiines are known from marine hosts only; whereas, apocreadiines infect fish from marine to freshwater environments. To our knowledge at least six, and perhaps more, apocreadiine genera are also monotypic. As alluded to by 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C8F3C363DFD7BFECD" author="Cribb, T. H." box="[531,670,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="621 - 639" refId="ref33192" refString="Cribb, T. H. (2005) Family Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942. In: Jones, A., Bray, R. A. &amp; Gibson, D. I. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 621 - 639." type="book chapter" year="2005">Cribb (2005</bibRefCitation>
, p. 624), the 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8E1D363DFC30FECD" authorityName="Skrjabin" authorityYear="1942" box="[818,981,332,357]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Apocreadiinae">Apocreadiinae</taxonomicName>
is a large, generalized “catch-all group” likely to be divided and redefined following further study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50DA6549FFA16F6C8DB836ADFDF3F9DC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="key">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB836ADFC0AFE5D" blockId="7.[151,1007,475,502]" box="[151,1007,475,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8DB836ADFD07FE5E" bold="true" box="[151,738,476,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Key to genera of 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8C4336ADFD07FE5E" ID-CoL="844MF" authority="Skrjabin, 1942" authorityName="Skrjabin" authorityYear="1942" box="[364,738,476,502]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Apocreadiinae">Apocreadiinae Skrjabin, 1942</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(based on 
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C8E4E36AAFC02FE5D" author="Cribb, T. H." box="[865,999,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="621 - 639" refId="ref33192" refString="Cribb, T. H. (2005) Family Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942. In: Jones, A., Bray, R. A. &amp; Gibson, D. I. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 621 - 639." type="book chapter" year="2005">Cribb 2005</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<key id="6C5161F3FFA16F6C8DB83553FDF3F9DC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB83553FA79FDDA" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB83553FA79FDFC" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB83553FA79FDFC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
1a. Margins of forebody folded ventrally and converging to meet at posterior margin of ventral sucker..................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C89B7354EFA7CFDFC" ID-CoL="7NZB5" authority="Manter, 1940" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1940" box="[1176,1433,575,596]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Choanodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C89B7354EFAF5FDFC" box="[1176,1296,575,596]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Choanodera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C883A354EFA7CFDFC" author="Manter, H. W." box="[1301,1433,575,596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="325 - 497" refId="ref34683" refString="Manter, H. W. (1940) Digenetic trematodes of fishes from the Galapagos Islands and the neighboring Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2, 325 - 497." type="journal article" year="1940">Manter, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB8352CFA79FDDA" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,605,626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB8352CFA79FDDA" box="[151,1436,605,626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1b. Forebody not specialized as above....................................................................... 2.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB8350BFA7EFD04" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB8350BFA79FD27" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,634,655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB8350BFA79FD27" box="[151,1436,634,655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
2a. Caeca unite to form cyclocoel..................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C89A6350BFA7CFD27" ID-CoL="7Q4XF" authority="Dollfus, 1950" authorityName="Dollfus" authorityYear="1950" box="[1161,1433,634,655]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Trematobrien" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C89A6350BFAEEFD27" box="[1161,1291,634,655]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trematobrien</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C883D350BFA7CFD27" author="Dollfus, R. P." box="[1298,1433,634,655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref33565" refString="Dollfus, R. P. (1950) Trematodes recoltes au Congo Belge par Professeur Paul Brien (mai-aout 1937). Annales du Museum du Congo Belge, Tervuren, C: Zoologie, Series 5, 1, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1950">Dollfus, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB835E6FA7EFD04" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1435,663,684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB835E6FA7EFD04" box="[151,1435,663,684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2b. Caeca terminate blindly................................................................................ 3.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB835C4FA7EFD4F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB835C4FA79FD62" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,693,714]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB835C4FA79FD62" box="[151,1436,693,714]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3a. Ventral sucker specialized with flaps or lamellar lips......................................................... 4.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB835A3FA7EFD4F" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1435,722,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB835A3FA7EFD4F" box="[151,1435,722,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3b. Ventral sucker not specialized (may be retracted or deeply embedded in body).................................... 5.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB8359EFA79FC8A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB8359EFA79FCAC" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,751,772]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB8359EFA79FCAC" box="[151,1436,751,772]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
4a. Ventral sucker with circular lamellar lips embedded in aperture................... 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8905359EFA7CFCAC" ID-CoL="7PNJ4" authority="Yamaguti, 1952" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1952" box="[1066,1433,751,772]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Marsupioacetabulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8905359EFB12FCAC" box="[1066,1271,751,772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Marsupioacetabulum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C89D1359EFA7CFCAC" author="Yamaguti, S." box="[1278,1433,751,772]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="146 - 198" refId="ref35851" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1952) Parasitic worms mainly from Celebes. Part 1. New digenetic trematodes of fishes. Acta Medica Okayama, 8, 146 - 198." type="journal article" year="1952">Yamaguti, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB8347CFA79FC8A" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,781,802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB8347CFA79FC8A" box="[151,1436,781,802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
4b. Ventral sucker with conspicuous bilobed flap on each lateral margin........................... 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8990347CFA7CFC8A" ID-CoL="7PLDG" authority="Manter, 1940" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1940" box="[1215,1433,781,802]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Myzotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8990347CFAEAFC8A" box="[1215,1295,781,802]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Myzotus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C883A347CFA7CFC8A" author="Manter, H. W." box="[1301,1433,781,802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="325 - 497" refId="ref34683" refString="Manter, H. W. (1940) Digenetic trematodes of fishes from the Galapagos Islands and the neighboring Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 2, 325 - 497." type="journal article" year="1940">Manter, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB8345BFA79FCD2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB8345BFA79FCF4" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB8345BFA79FCF4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
5a. Oral sucker with several pairs of elongate pointed processes embedded in wall of outer margin dorsally and ventrally........................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8EDE3436FA7DFCF4" ID-CoL="7P7X4" authority="Bravo-Hollis &amp; Manter, 1957" authorityName="Bravo-Hollis &amp; Manter" authorityYear="1957" box="[1009,1432,839,860]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Dactylotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8EDE3436FB91FCF4" box="[1009,1140,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dactylotrema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C89563436FA7DFCF4" author="Bravo-Hollis, M. &amp; Manter, H. W." box="[1145,1432,839,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref32897" refString="Bravo-Hollis, M. &amp; Manter, H. W. (1957) Trematodes of marine fishes of Mexican waters. X. Thirteen Digenea, including nine new species and two new genera, from the Pacific coast. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 24, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1957">Bravo-Hollis &amp; Manter, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB83414FA79FCD2" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,869,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB83414FA79FCD2" box="[151,1436,869,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
5b. Oral sucker not specialized as above (may possess small papillae, see 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8EAF3414FB44FCD2" ID-CoL="7P67M" authority="Stafford, 1904" authorityName="Stafford" authorityYear="1904" box="[896,1185,869,890]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Homalometron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8EAF3414FBF5FCD2" box="[896,1040,869,890]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Homalometron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C89393414FB44FCD2" author="Stafford, J." box="[1046,1185,869,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="481 - 495" refId="ref35618" refString="Stafford, J. (1904) Trematodes from Canadian fishes. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27, 481 - 495." type="journal article" year="1904">Stafford, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).................. 6.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB834F3FA79FC1C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB834F3FA79FC3F" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,898,919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB834F3FA79FC3F" box="[151,1436,898,919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
6a. Pharynx massive, larger than ventral sucker.................................. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C893034F3FA7CFC3F" ID-CoL="7PQ4B" authority="Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960" authorityName="Siddiqi &amp; Cable" authorityYear="1960" box="[1055,1433,898,919]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Neomegasolena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C893034F3FB5DFC3F" box="[1055,1208,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neomegasolena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C899134F3FA7CFC3F" author="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M." box="[1214,1433,898,919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="257 - 369" refId="ref35416" refString="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M. (1960) Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 17, 257 - 369." type="journal article" year="1960">Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB834EEFA79FC1C" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,927,948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB834EEFA79FC1C" box="[151,1436,927,948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6b. Pharynx smaller than ventral sucker..................................................................... 7.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB834CCFA7EFC47" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB834CCFA7EFC7A" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1435,957,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB834CCFA7EFC7A" box="[151,1435,957,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7a. Vitelline follicles extend into forebody................................................................... 8.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB834ABFA7EFC47" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1435,986,1007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB834ABFA7EFC47" box="[151,1435,986,1007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7b. Vitelline follicles restricted to hindbody.................................................................. 11.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB83486FA7EFBCC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB83486FA79FB82" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB83486FA79FB82" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
8a. Tegument unarmed; excretory pore distinctly dorso-subterminal; body length &lt;3 times body width........................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8E453364FBB9FB82" ID-CoL="7NTQN" authority="Manter, 1936" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1936" box="[874,1116,1045,1066]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Crassicutis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8E453364FC33FB82" box="[874,982,1045,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Crassicutis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C8EF33364FBB9FB82" author="Manter, H. W." box="[988,1116,1045,1066]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref34652" refString="Manter, H. W. (1936) Some trematodes of cenote fish from Yucatan. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 457, 33 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">Manter, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Syn. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C89B33364FA74FB82" authority="Szidat, 1954" authorityName="Szidat" authorityYear="1954" box="[1180,1425,1045,1066]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Eocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C89B33364FAF5FB82" box="[1180,1296,1045,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eocreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C883A3364FA74FB82" author="Szidat, L." box="[1301,1425,1045,1066]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref35685" refString="Szidat, L. (1954) Trematodos nuevos de peces de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina y un intento para aclarar su caracter marino. Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales y Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivaldavia &quot;, Ciencias Zoologicas, 3, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1954">Szidat, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB83343FA7EFBCC" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB83343FA7EFBCC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">8b. Tegument spinous (occasionally unarmed); excretory pore terminal or ventroterminal; body length usually&gt; 3 times body width.............................................................................................. 9.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB8331CFA79FB37" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB8331CFA79FB2A" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,1133,1154]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB8331CFA79FB2A" box="[151,1436,1133,1154]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">9a. Genital pore immediately anterior to ventral sucker; ovary smooth............................................. 10.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB833FBFA79FB37" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,1162,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB833FBFA79FB37" box="[151,1436,1162,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
9b. Genital pore well anterior to ventral sucker; ovary deeply lobed........................... 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C89A033FBFA7CFB37" authority="Manter, 1954" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1954" box="[1167,1433,1162,1183]" class="Trematoda" family="Allocreadiidae" genus="Pancreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C89A033FBFAEAFB37" box="[1167,1295,1162,1183]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pancreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C883A33FBFA7CFB37" author="Manter, H. W." box="[1301,1433,1162,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="475 - 568" refId="ref34805" refString="Manter, H. W. (1954) Some digenetic trematodes from fishes of New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 82, 475 - 568." type="journal article" year="1954">Manter, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB833D6FA78FABC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB833D6FA79FB72" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB833D6FA79FB72" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
10a. Testes well separated from posterior end of body; vitelline follicles extend posteriorly beyond testes........................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C893B33B4FA7CFB72" ID-CoL="7PLSM" authority="Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960" authorityName="Siddiqi &amp; Cable" authorityYear="1960" box="[1044,1433,1221,1242]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Neoapocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C893B33B4FB5DFB72" box="[1044,1208,1221,1242]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoapocreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C899133B4FA7CFB72" author="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M." box="[1214,1433,1221,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="257 - 369" refId="ref35416" refString="Siddiqi, A. H. &amp; Cable, R. M. (1960) Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Puerto Rico. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 17, 257 - 369." type="journal article" year="1960">Siddiqi &amp; Cable, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB83393FA78FABC" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB83393FA78FABC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
10b. Testes at posterior end of body; vitelline follicles not extending posteriorly past testes...................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8E48338EFA7CFABC" ID-CoL="7PVHB" authority="Ostrowski de Nunez, Brugni &amp; Flores, 2003" authorityName="Ostrowski de Nunez, Brugni &amp; Flores" authorityYear="2003" box="[871,1433,1279,1300]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Posterotestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8E48338EFC03FABC" box="[871,998,1279,1300]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Posterotestes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C8EC2338EFA7CFABC" author="Ostrowski de Nunez, M. &amp; Brugni, N. &amp; Flores, V. R." box="[1005,1433,1279,1300]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="211 - 214" refId="ref35143" refString="Ostrowski de Nunez, M., Brugni, N. &amp; Flores, V. R. (2003) Posterotestes unelen gen. et sp. n. (Digenea: Apocreadiidae) from Percichthys trucha (Osteichthyes: Percichthyidae) in Patagonia, Argentina. Folia Parasitologia, 50, 211 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / fp. 2003.037" type="journal article" year="2003">Ostrowski de Núñez, Brugni &amp; Flores, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB8326CFA79FAE7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB8326CFA79FA9A" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,1309,1330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB8326CFA79FA9A" box="[151,1436,1309,1330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
11a. Testes symmetrical; vitelline follicles restricted to post-testicular zone.................... 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C89A7326CFA7CFA9A" ID-CoL="7PHZC" authority="Simer, 1929" authorityName="Simer" authorityYear="1929" box="[1160,1433,1309,1330]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Microcreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C89A7326CFAFEFA9A" box="[1160,1307,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Microcreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C880D326CFA7CFA9A" author="Simer, P. H." box="[1314,1433,1309,1330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="563 - 588" refId="ref35457" refString="Simer, P. H. (1929) Fish trematodes from the lower Tallahatchie River. American Midland Naturalist, 11, 563 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2420148" type="journal article" year="1929">Simer, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB8324BFA79FAE7" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,1338,1359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB8324BFA79FAE7" box="[151,1436,1338,1359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11b. Testes tandem to oblique; vitelline follicles extend as far anteriorly as testes..................................... 12.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB83226FA79FA0F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB83226FA79FA22" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB83226FA79FA22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
12a. Vitelline follicles restricted to posterior half of hindbody; uterus extensive, fills most of hindbody; testes near posterior extremity............................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C89A63204FA7DFA22" ID-CoL="7PVNB" authority="Szidat, 1954" authorityName="Szidat" authorityYear="1954" box="[1161,1432,1397,1418]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Procaudotestis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C89A63204FAFDFA22" box="[1161,1304,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Procaudotestis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C88323204FA7DFA22" author="Szidat, L." box="[1309,1432,1397,1418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref35685" refString="Szidat, L. (1954) Trematodos nuevos de peces de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina y un intento para aclarar su caracter marino. Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales y Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivaldavia &quot;, Ciencias Zoologicas, 3, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1954">Szidat, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB832E3FA79FA0F" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" box="[151,1436,1426,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB832E3FA79FA0F" box="[151,1436,1426,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12b. Vitelline follicles extend to region of ventral sucker; uterus not extensive; testes in mid-hindbody.................... 13.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="A3342E67FFA16F6C8DB832DEFDF3F9DC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB832DEFA72FA57" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB832DEFA72FA57" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
13a. Excretory vesicle short, not reaching posterior testis, opens posteroventrally; tegumental spines absent; caeca terminate midway between testes and posterior end of body; ventral sucker enclosed in tegumental pouch..................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8977329BFA76FA57" ID-CoL="7NVN9" authority="Cribb &amp; Bray, 1999" authorityName="Cribb &amp; Bray" authorityYear="1999" box="[1112,1427,1514,1535]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Callohelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8977329BFB29FA57" box="[1112,1228,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Callohelmis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C89FD329BFA76FA57" author="Cribb, T. H. &amp; Bray, R. A." box="[1234,1427,1514,1535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref33257" refString="Cribb, T. H. &amp; Bray, R. A. (1999) A review of the Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942 (Trematoda: Digenea) and description of Australian species. Systematic Parasitology, 44, 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / a: 1006197201426" type="journal article" year="1999">Cribb &amp; Bray, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="187F36C2FFA16F6C8DB83176FDF3F9DC" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="A33195F7FFA16F6C8DB83176FDF3F9DC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
13b. Excretory vesicle usually long, opens terminally; tegument usually spinous; caeca terminate near posterior end of body; ventral sucker not in pouch.................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8DC93133FDE1F9FF" ID-CoL="7P67M" authority="Stafford, 1904" authorityName="Stafford" authorityYear="1904" box="[230,516,1602,1623]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Homalometron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8DC93133FE93F9FF" box="[230,374,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Homalometron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C8C533133FDE1F9FF" author="Stafford, J." box="[380,516,1602,1623]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="481 - 495" refId="ref35618" refString="Stafford, J. (1904) Trematodes from Canadian fishes. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27, 481 - 495." type="journal article" year="1904">Stafford, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Syns. 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8F633133FC84F9FF" authority="Simer, 1929" authorityName="Simer" authorityYear="1929" box="[588,865,1602,1623]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Anallocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8F633133FD03F9FF" box="[588,742,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Anallocreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7C514B33FFA16F6C8FC43133FC84F9FF" author="Simer, P. H." box="[747,865,1602,1623]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="563 - 588" refId="ref35457" refString="Simer, P. H. (1929) Fish trematodes from the lower Tallahatchie River. American Midland Naturalist, 11, 563 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2420148" type="journal article" year="1929">Simer, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8E453133FB97F9FF" authority="Manter, 1937" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1937" box="[874,1138,1602,1623]" class="Trematoda" family="Homalometridae" genus="Apocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8E453133FC0FF9FF" box="[874,1002,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Apocreadium</emphasis>
Manter, 1937
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C89543133FA76F9FF" authority="Szidat, 1956" authorityName="Szidat" authorityYear="1956" box="[1147,1427,1602,1623]" class="Trematoda" family="Apocreadiidae" genus="Austrocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C89543133FAF1F9FF" box="[1147,1300,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Austrocreadium</emphasis>
Szidat, 1956
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="DFC04D41FFA16F6C8DCE312EFDEEF9DC" authority="Ramsey, 1965" authorityName="Ramsey" authorityYear="1965" box="[225,523,1631,1652]" class="Trematoda" family="Homalometridae" genus="Barbulostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2AB4EAD0FFA16F6C8DCE312EFE9FF9DC" box="[225,378,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Barbulostomum</emphasis>
Ramsey, 1965
</taxonomicName>
).
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>