300 lines
36 KiB
XML
300 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="B7B1D4F910478080032EA842D8B1FDFC" ID-CLB-Dataset="63774" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6421029" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd0ceff3-ccfb-4ba1-b3bd-748dd7cd708d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6421029" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1600879984652" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="860EC8445712FFE9FF03FB05B262F26F" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinopomatidae_164.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Rhinopoma cystops Thomas 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="176" masterDocId="7A37B03C5717FFECFFB6FFB0B83CFFE1" masterDocTitle="Rhinopomatidae" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="164" pageNumber="176" updateTime="1698845933878" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="5F63C1E8465B9FF965B15B9CCACC98A7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="12FAA28ED1F88F5E9F5B22FE42823363">
|
||
<mods:title id="4DB6D00583A4E00494CBB1CFC2A43A7B">Rhinopomatidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="01826B97CB6C71A08F803EF0E29672B9" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D835B8908F136CA50B95B7DD4ED0A50E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="786843ACCDA3FAFF7F6C7EAC3555C318">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1BC6D2B57A6CC3DFDFB1FE51605090FE">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="FD6B61052226F23404D7A40AE10A4358" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AE0683FEE6042D9BD28D070D7AC4E408">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8ADC30AF39D655D8E4BA49E6B212FD4D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6BE7022D9B8C0131910B0B1982D5FE64">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1CAACE602BC3B62F3F158CFD43EA0989">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="5A758D46A82899AF74A216D92D285F2A" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="E22C54EEC9CED23476A8F3BB494F669F">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="8ED872B272DD31ED0AF3DDA45AEE68B9">2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="A99178676820D0EAB99E15E260776CF1" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="52826A8F8C5A215CE8CBE5C6F0FF4E22">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="5A161ACFB47BAFF05035C518A05807FA">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="F89B201E3508329B8DA3EDDDF692729B">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="91DFCC843A57C05C164AB7604C081E20">
|
||
<mods:title id="1996F656D6760CD75C90AC9D0884C3EE">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="BC8F694270D84AD1C4E9F469592CD00C">
|
||
<mods:extent id="2A0359A0ED1DE8E2EFA14BFF6E31D8F2" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="378E42D06F9AB3E9F0CB86D1B680787F">164</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="A18F2FAD1F6D0B1F4ABC40C65CE7DD09">176</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="59088A49A746B9D3E2BF323C7F7195B7">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="273C367E7F34BB20B2E55F7836EA919D" type="CLB-Dataset">63774</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6E9BE9153B0EA43AAF1B2F5F89CB0547" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6421029</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="77C86381325FB2142F014FACD308EEA3" type="GBIF-Dataset">bd0ceff3-ccfb-4ba1-b3bd-748dd7cd708d</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="08BC7A77D7E67F7B310C2EE2FA773B84" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FB5293DB000138F7F705BEC919CA2B26" type="Zenodo-Dep">6421029</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="860EC8445712FFE9FF03FB05B262F26F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6612340" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195731395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6612340" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:860EC8445712FFE9FF03FB05B262F26F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/860EC8445712FFE9FF03FB05B262F26F" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FF03FB05B8E9FB06" box="[181,213,1205,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FF03FB05B8E9FB06" blockId="5.[178,1296,1205,1337]" box="[181,213,1205,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<heading id="5550CE3E5712FFE9FF03FB05B8E9FB06" box="[181,213,1205,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<figureCitation id="969C65D75712FFE9FF03FB05B8E9FB06" box="[181,213,1205,1255]" captionStart="Plate 12: Rhinopomatidae" captionStartId="2.[129,159,3402,3427]" captionTargetBox="[17,2752,12,2439]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Greater Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma microphyllum), 2. Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma muscatellum), 3. Hadramaut Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma hadramauticum), 4. Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma hardwicku), 5. Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma cystops)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6421053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6421053/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">5.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FF52FB05BACBFB06" box="[228,759,1205,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FF52FB05BACBFB06" blockId="5.[178,1296,1205,1337]" box="[228,759,1205,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<heading id="5550CE3E5712FFE9FF52FB05BACBFB06" box="[228,759,1205,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5712FFE9FF52FB05BACBFB06" box="[228,759,1205,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FC89FB05BCB1FB06" box="[831,1165,1205,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FC89FB05BCB1FB06" blockId="5.[178,1296,1205,1337]" box="[831,1165,1205,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<heading id="5550CE3E5712FFE9FC89FB05BCB1FB06" box="[831,1165,1205,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FC89FB05BCB1FB06" ID-CoL="4S9NM" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[831,1165,1205,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cystops">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FC89FB05BCB1FB06" box="[831,1165,1205,1255]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Rhinopoma cystops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FF02FB4ABBC6FAD7" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FF02FB4ABD33FAEE" blockId="5.[178,1296,1205,1337]" box="[180,1295,1274,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<heading id="5550CE3E5712FFE9FF02FB4ABD33FAEE" box="[180,1295,1274,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FF02FB4AB93CFAEE" bold="true" box="[180,256,1274,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5712FFE9FEBCFB4AB9E0FAEE" box="[266,476,1274,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Rhinopome d'Egypte</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FE47FB4ABA70FAEE" bold="true" box="[497,588,1274,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5712FFE9FDE5FB4ABB81FAEE" box="[595,957,1274,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Arabische Mausschwanzfledermaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FC64FB4ABC11FAEE" bold="true" box="[978,1069,1274,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5712FFE9FB81FB4ABD33FAEE" box="[1079,1295,1274,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
Rhinopoma de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FB67FB4ABD33FAEE" box="[1233,1295,1274,1295]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Egipto</collectingCountry>
|
||
</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FF05FA91BBC6FAD7" blockId="5.[178,1296,1205,1337]" box="[179,1018,1313,1334]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<heading id="5550CE3E5712FFE9FF05FA91BBC6FAD7" box="[179,1018,1313,1334]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FF05FA91B997FAD7" bold="true" box="[179,427,1313,1334]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5712FFE9FE05FA91BAD8FAD7" box="[435,740,1313,1334]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Afro-Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5712FFE9FD44FA91BBC6FAD7" box="[754,1018,1313,1334]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Egyptian Mouse-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FCAEFAD9BB5EFA4C" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FCAEFAD9BB5EFA4C" blockId="5.[791,1386,1385,1808]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FCAEFAD9BB88FA67" bold="true" box="[792,948,1385,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FC64FAD9BB61FA4C" ID-CoL="4S9NM" authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cystops">Rhinopoma cystops Thomas, 1903</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FCDBFA20BC9EFA4C" box="[877,1186,1424,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FCDBFA20BC9EFA4C" blockId="5.[791,1386,1385,1808]" box="[877,1186,1424,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BECF730F5712FFE9FCDBFA20BC9EFA4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802899303" box="[877,1186,1424,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CC63B7B05712FFE9FCC1FA20BBF2FA4C" box="[887,974,1424,1453]" country="Egypt" name="Al Uqsur" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Luxor</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FBF6FA20BCA9FA4C" box="[1088,1173,1424,1453]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FCAEFA04BA46F793" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FCAEFA04BA46F793" blockId="5.[791,1386,1385,1808]" lastBlockId="5.[171,1384,1814,3465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
The epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FC64FA04BC19FA34" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[978,1061,1460,1493]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cystops">cystops</taxonomicName>
|
||
was long restricted to a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FBB0FA54BC84FA1C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[1030,1208,1508,1533]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">R. hardwickii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distributed along Nile Valley in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FBFEF9B3BCA5F9C5" box="[1096,1177,1539,1572]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
; in 2007, molecular analyses demonstrated genetic homogeneity of all small-sized forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FA85F9E2BB41F97B" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinopoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
from North Africa to Middle East and deep differences between that clade and the allopatric eastern clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FAB6F978BB5EF8F1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hardwickii">R. hardwickii</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="27E0183B5712FFE9FCD8F95FBC23F8F1" box="[878,1055,1775,1808]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(¢.9% in cytochromeb). Shallow genetic differences (c.3% in cytochrome-b) within that clade suggest a distinct position of the population from Middle East (including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FBE1F88EBD18F8BE" box="[1111,1316,1854,1887]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
) for which the name arabium was proposed. P. Benda and P. Vallo in 2017 revealed large genetic distance of the population from south-western part of the distribution (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FA9FF83DB8D7F834" name="Senegal" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FF4CF804B9AAF834" box="[250,406,1972,2005]" name="Mauritania" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and southern West Sahara) from other forms of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FB36F804BCC5F834" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[1152,1273,1972,2005]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">hardwickii</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FAA0F804BD54F834" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[1302,1384,1972,2005]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cystops">cystops</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (6-9% in cytochrome-b), suggesting its distinct speciesstatus. The colony found in Al Joghbub in the eastern Libyan margin of Siwa Oasis depression has considerable phenotypic differences from the Egyptian population suggesting its long-term isolation. Two subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FF06F7C8B9C0F64C" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<caption id="5AD829DA5712FFE9FF06F7C8B9C0F64C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6421051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6421051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6421051/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" targetBox="[176,767,1387,1801]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FF06F7C8BA7DF778" blockId="5.[171,1384,1814,3465]" box="[176,577,2168,2201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FF06F7C8BA7DF778" bold="true" box="[176,577,2168,2201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FF06F711BD63F70B" blockId="5.[171,1384,1814,3465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FF06F711BD63F70B" authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cystops" subSpecies="cystops">R.c.cystopsThomas,1903—NAfricafromMoroccotoNileValleyinEgypt,Sudan,andNSouthSudan,alsoinSahelregioninEMali,BurkinaFaso,Niger,andNChad.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FF06F748B9AFF6BF" blockId="5.[171,1384,1814,3465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FF06F748BA13F6F0" authority="Thomas, 1913" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[176,559,2296,2321]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cystops" subSpecies="arabium">R. c. arabium Thomas, 1913</taxonomicName>
|
||
— extreme SW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FCBEF748BB71F6F0" box="[776,845,2296,2321]" name="Syria" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Levant, W Arabia S to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FB21F748BCCBF6F0" box="[1175,1271,2296,2321]" name="Yemen" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
and SE to W
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FF49F6A7B96BF6D9" box="[255,343,2327,2360]" name="Oman" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
(including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FDB3F6A7BA53F6D9" box="[517,623,2327,2360]" name="Yemen" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||
I) and Horn of Africa (S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FC5FF6A7BC77F6D9" box="[1001,1099,2327,2360]" name="Eritrea" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FBE8F6A7BCEBF6D9" box="[1118,1239,2327,2360]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FB5CF6A7BD63F6D9" box="[1258,1375,2327,2360]" name="Djibouti" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FEB9F6F1B9B9F6BF" box="[271,389,2369,2398]" name="Somalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FF1BF6D6B9C0F64C" blockId="5.[171,1384,1814,3465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
Also, in S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FEF5F6D6BA1FF666" box="[323,547,2406,2439]" name="Western Sahara" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Western Sahara</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FD81F6D6BAEFF666" box="[567,723,2406,2439]" name="Mauritania" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FC9EF6D6BBA9F666" box="[808,917,2406,2439]" name="Senegal" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
but probably a separate not yet described species there.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FF18F609B0D8FD23" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FF18F609B0D8FD23" blockId="5.[171,1384,1814,3465]" lastBlockId="5.[1448,2669,280,3472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FF18F609B996F637" bold="true" box="[174,426,2489,2518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 52-72 mm, tail 54-82 mm, ear 16-23-7 mm, forearm 50-67 mm; weight 6-5-17 g. The Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat is medium-sized (greatest lengths of skull 15-19-9 mm and lengths of tooth row from C' to M? 5-4-6-7 mm) and most similar to the Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FCDAF580BC1DF5AC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[876,1057,2608,2637]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">R. hardwickii</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Tail is very long (
|
||
<quantity id="C95FD4B75712FFE9FA99F580B931F595" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="5.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="66.0" valueMax="78.0" valueMin="54.0">54— 78 mm</quantity>
|
||
), slender, and longer that forearm. Although particular populations throughout North Africa and the Middle East have only indistinct differences in cytochrome-b, considerable phenotypic shifts could take place in some isolated local populations from that region. In particular, it was reported that individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FBCFF579BCF8F50B" box="[1145,1220,2761,2794]" name="Libya" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FAB8F579B8F3F4F3" name="Somalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
differed significantly in large body size (forearm lengths 58-67 mm and greatest lengths of skull 17-6-19-9 mm) and almost whitish color from those in the Nile Valley or Maghreb (forearm lengths 50-62 mm and greatest lengths of skull 15-7-18-5 mm). Narial pad of muzzle has inflated lateral ridges, broad internarial ridge, and wellpronounced dorsal ridge tapered in small triangular noseleaf. Hairs of the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat are unicolored; pelage is silky, dark sepia gray on back and paler gray to whitish on ventral side. Wings and membranes are medium to dark brown. Locally (e.g. in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FE33F3B5B9EBF3C7" box="[389,471,3077,3110]" name="Libya" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
), color can be much paler, almost whitish, including membranes and skin. Rump and lower abdomen are naked or only sparsely haired. Tibia is long, uropatagium is somewhat broader that in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FCFAF3E4BB93F394" box="[844,943,3156,3189]" name="Oman" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Muscat</collectingCountry>
|
||
Mouse-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FB75F3E4B8E3F37C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muscatellum">R. muscatellum</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FD57F330BB87F37C" baseAuthorityName="Brunnich" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[737,955,3200,3229]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphyllum">R. microphyllum</taxonomicName>
|
||
), fifth tail vertebra is included completely in the membrane which attaches to tibia at distal one-fifth of its length. Skull has elongated braincase and distinct sagittal crest in frontal region. Rostrum is broad, with moderately enlarged nasal swellings anteriorly extending to a level of distal margin of canines. Dorsal surface of nasal region is flat or with broad shallow groove, mostly triangular in outline without extending into sharp converging crests. Preorbital foramen is indistinct and dot-like. Palatal incision is broad, U-shaped, and extended to level of distal margins of M®. Dentition is robust, with all tooth row elements generally in direct contact. Talons of P*, M', and M? are quite large, with high palatal walls uplifting mesially into distinct cusps and separated from palatal walls of protocones in molars. Post-protocrista is often retained in M? and M'. M? is reduced, and rudiment of metacrista passes parallel to distal margin oftooth. C, lacks cingularridge, P, is small and oriented in axis of tooth row, and P, is broadly rectangular to square on section without distinct tapering ofits mesial margin. K. Wassif and G. Madkour provided additional morphological details in a series of descriptive studies in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F6F6FD9CB1ADFDAC" box="[2368,2449,556,589]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Chromosomal data (including Gand C-banding) are available for populations in the Middle East and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FA40FDCBBE7AFD7D" box="[1526,1606,635,668]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
; chromosomal complement of the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat has 2n = 36 and FN = 68, the same as Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F723FD15B0DCFD23" box="[2197,2272,677,706]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FA05FD7AB0FEFC37" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FA05FD7AB0FEFC37" blockId="5.[1448,2669,280,3472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FA05FD7ABE1EFD0A" bold="true" box="[1459,1570,714,747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Arid and semi-desert vegetation zones, including semi-desert grassland with areas of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9F99BFD41BF1BFCF3" box="[1581,1831,753,786]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
scrub, oases with gardens, orchards surrounded by sandy desert and hamada (large barren, rocky plateaus), and gorges of wadis with some Tamanix (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9FA4AFCF4BE83FC80" box="[1532,1727,836,865]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Tamaricaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9F8A0FCF4BF4AFC80" box="[1814,1910,836,865]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Nerium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nerium</taxonomicName>
|
||
oleander (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9F848FCF4B083FC80" box="[2046,2239,836,865]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="C95FD4B75712FFE9F64DFCF4B25BFC80" box="[2555,2663,836,865]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Maghreb and western Arabia. Arabian Mouse-tailed Bats roost in dry caves, ruins, underground tunnels (including catacombs), mosques and old buildings, and sometimesfissures, small crevices, and among boulders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FA07FC6EB268FAF2" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FA07FC6EB268FAF2" blockId="5.[1448,2669,280,3472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FA07FC6EBE86FC1E" bold="true" box="[1457,1722,990,1023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat forages in open space at heights of c.
|
||
<quantity id="C95FD4B75712FFE9FA70FBB5BE2FFBC7" box="[1478,1555,1029,1062]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
. Diet analyses are mostly based on occasional sampling in spring and late autumn. Diets in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F936FB81BEF7FBAF" box="[1664,1739,1073,1102]" name="Israel" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
in August-October contained beetles (51%) and ants (30%), supplemented by other groups comprising mostly less than 1% except for Heteroptera, mostly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9F9ACFBCBBE9BFB7D" authorityName="Schilling" authorityYear="1829" box="[1562,1703,1147,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Lygaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lygaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6%). Winged ants and beetles (mostly small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9F6EAFBCBB229FB7D" box="[2396,2581,1147,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and regularly Auchenorhyncha, Heteroptera, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9F788FB13B0E3FB25" box="[2110,2271,1187,1220]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
dominated diets in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F64FFB13B263FB25" box="[2553,2655,1187,1220]" name="Jordan" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FA04FB7ABE30FB0A" box="[1458,1548,1226,1259]" name="Oman" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F9AAFB7ABE4AFB0A" box="[1564,1654,1226,1259]" name="Sudan" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F977FB7ABF19FB0A" box="[1729,1829,1226,1259]" name="Yemen" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A representative sample from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F76FFB7AB119FB0A" box="[2265,2341,1226,1259]" name="Libya" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
in mid-May was clearly dominated by winged ants (81%), supplemented by beetles (mostly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9F6C6FB42B27BFAF2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[2416,2631,1266,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenebrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FA06FAA9BF22FA1F" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FA06FAA9BF22FA1F" blockId="5.[1448,2669,280,3472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FA06FAA9BE0BFADB" bold="true" box="[1456,1591,1305,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Female Arabian Mouse-tailed Bats give birth to single young each year. Timing of particular stages of reproduction of the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat is comparable with those of the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat and the Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FA07FA20BDC0FA50" box="[1457,1532,1424,1457]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Early stages of pregnancy of the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat are reported from late March to late April in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F885FA07BFBEFA39" box="[1843,1922,1463,1496]" name="Egypt" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F878FA07B014FA39" box="[1998,2088,1463,1496]" name="Sudan" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, suggesting mating in March and April; lactation lasts into August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FA18F9B6B13AF596" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FA18F9B6B13AF596" blockId="5.[1448,2669,280,3472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FA18F9B6BEA6F9C6" bold="true" box="[1454,1690,1542,1575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
More data suggest inactivity in winter period (October—April) in the Mediterranean. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F974F981BF2CF9AF" box="[1730,1808,1585,1614]" name="Israel" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Arabian Mouse-tailed Bats survive winter in cave roosts often with the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat. They do no leave roosts to forage or drink and live entirely on fat reserves accumulated in August-October. In a winter colony, continuously monitored individuals had stable mean body temperatures of 21-23°C throughout winter, with an average torpid metabolic rate of 0-16 ml O,/g/h and breathing cycle of c.15 minutes. In contrast to deep-torpor hibernators, shallow-torpor hibernation of rhinopomatids is not interrupted by periodic arousals. Bats hibernate with their eyes open, instantly react to stimuli, and swiftly became active after being disturbed. They are able to fly with low body temperatures (c.23°C). Compared with the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat, the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat was found to be is more tolerant to low temperatures, which was believed to explain its broader distribution in the Mediterranean. As in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15712FFE9F7B4F850B0AAF7E0" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[2050,2198,2016,2049]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinopoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, echolocation calls are multiharmonic qCT pulses with maximum energy at second harmonic. Laboratory analyses on Egyptian bats revealed frequency span 18-20 kHz (first harmonic), 36-40 kHz (second harmonic), 56-60 kHz (third harmonic), and 75-80 kHz (fourth harmonic), with increase of frequency bandwidth and repetition rate and shortening duration during approach flight or landing. Field data indicate considerable between-individual variation and possible between-population variation in mean values of particular variables. From field records of search flight, second harmonics had mean end frequency of 32-5 kHz (range 29-5-35-8 kHz), mean peak frequency of 34-3 kHz (32-37 kHz), and mean duration of eight milliseconds (4-5-12 milliseconds) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F6D1F6F3B1F2F685" box="[2407,2510,2371,2404]" name="Jordan" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
; 30-2 kHz (29-30-8 kHz), 33-2 kHz (32-8-34-4 kHz), and 6-3 milliseconds (5-6—6-9 milliseconds) in Sinai; and 33 kHz (32-5-34-1 kHz), 33-6 kHz (32-8-24-4 kHz), and 9-4 milliseconds (8:6-11-1 milliseconds) in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F877F60EB07DF63A" box="[1985,2113,2494,2523]" name="Morocco" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Anecdotal descriptions include loud series of audible calls produced in a colony prior to evening emergence, distress calls, and communication calls when an individualis entering a colony or coming in contact a conspecific. These broadband communication calls are typically accompanied by a specific shivering of extended wings and dorsally erected tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FA1DF5CFB0FDF341" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FA1DF5CFB0FDF341" blockId="5.[1448,2669,280,3472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FA1DF5CFB053F541" bold="true" box="[1451,2159,2687,2720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Little is known on spatial dynamic of this species during course ofyear. Data from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F7F7F516B0B0F526" box="[2113,2188,2726,2759]" name="Israel" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggest the pattern is identical to the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat, namely autumn and spring local migrations associated with changing summer and winter roosts and sexual segregation during summer. Yet despite more records in Arabian Mouse-tailed Bats these phenomena can be less apparent than in the former species, as the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bats only exceptionally form large colonies and,as suggested by occasional observation, the spatial dispersal of its colonies is probably much wider than in the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat, patterned by fission—fusion dynamics. Most records report just a few individuals in a daytime roost or smaller colonies of 10-50 individuals; large colonies (up to 200 individuals) are rare, the largest reported (such as 500 individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9F71CF3B9B132F3CB" box="[2218,2318,3081,3114]" name="Jordan" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
or large winter colonies in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25712FFE9FA67F381BE21F3B3" box="[1489,1565,3121,3154]" name="Israel" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
) are mixed colonies with the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat. Samples taken from colonies in May-July conform to sexual segregation in that period, but samples from other periods include individuals of both sexes as a rule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FA1FF317B1F9F329" box="[1449,2501,3239,3272]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FA1FF317B1F9F329" blockId="5.[1448,2669,280,3472]" box="[1449,2501,3239,3272]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FA1FF317BF3BF329" bold="true" box="[1449,1799,3239,3272]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95712FFE9FA1CF367B262F26F" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1879525712FFE9FA1CF367B262F26F" blockId="5.[1448,2669,280,3472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405712FFE9FA1CF367BE7FF311" bold="true" box="[1450,1603,3287,3312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
ACR (2012, 2017 2018), Ahmim & Qubaziz (2017), Ahmim & Tahri (2017), Akmali et al. (2011), Aloufi et al. (2016), Aulagnier (2013e), Aulagnier & Destre (1985), Aulagnier et al. (2017), Benda & Vallo (2017), Benda, Abi Said et al. (2016), Benda, Al-Jumaily et al. (2011), Benda, Andreas et al. (2006), Benda, Hanék et al. (2004), Benda, Lugan et al. (2010), Benda, Reiter et al. (2009), Benda, Ruedi & Aulagnier (2004), Benda, Spitzenberger et al. (2014), Brito et al. (2010), Carpenter, J. et al. (2014), Dalhoumi et al. (2016a), Dieuleveut
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |