229 lines
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229 lines
27 KiB
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<mods:title id="9B43932BE963A47D5442C7F65F16A752">A new family for the enigmatic sea pen genus Gyrophyllum Studer, 1891 (Octocorallia, Pennatulacea), a molecular and morphological approach</mods:title>
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Genus
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A82157138204857541B6FE81" author="Studer T." box="[845,994,265,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="86 - 95" refId="ref15658" refString="Studer T. 1891. Note preliminaire sur les Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes du yacht l'Hirondelle 1886, 1887, 1888. Part 2. Alcyonacea and Pennatulacea. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France 4 (2): 86 - 95." type="journal article" year="1891">Studer, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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–
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.
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A821571380C285F14035FE08" author="Studer T." box="[395,609,397,426]" page="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="1901">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571380C285F14035FE08" author="Studer T." box="[395,609,397,426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref15703" refString="Studer T. 1901. Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle (1886 - 88). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince Albert Ier de Monaco 20: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1901">Studer 1901: 34</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A821571383D285F1412EFE08" author="Roule L." box="[667,890,397,426]" page="454" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="1905">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571383D285F1412EFE08" author="Roule L." box="[667,890,397,426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="454 - 458" refId="ref15555" refString="Roule L. 1905. Notice preliminaire sur les pennatulides recueillis par le " Travailleur " et le " Talisman ", dans l'Ocean Atlantique, au large du Maroc. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 11: 454 - 458." type="journal article" year="1905">Roule 1905: 454</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A821571382FD85F14713FE08" author="Kukenthal W. & Broch H." box="[948,1351,397,426]" page="394" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571382FD85F14713FE08" author="Kukenthal W. & Broch H." box="[948,1351,397,426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="113 - 576" refId="ref14475" refString="Kukenthal W. & Broch H. 1911. Pennatulacea. Wissenschaftiliche Ergebnisse Deutsche Tiefsee- Expedition " Valdivia " 13 (2): 113 - 576." type="journal article" year="1911">Kükenthal & Broch 1911: 394</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A821571381A385C843AFFE73" author="Kukenthal W." box="[234,507,435,465]" page="120" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571381A385C843AFFE73" author="Kukenthal W." box="[234,507,435,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="43" refId="ref14436" refString="Kukenthal W. 1915. Pennatularia. In: Das Tierreich Lfg. 43. Verlag von R. Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1092" type="book chapter" year="1915">Kükenthal 1915: 120</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A8215713836485C84177FE72" author="Hickson S. J." box="[557,803,435,465]" page="252" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A8215713836485C84177FE72" author="Hickson S. J." box="[557,803,435,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 265" refId="ref14146" refString="Hickson S. J. 1916. The Pennatulacea of the Siboga expedition, with a general survey of the order. Siboga Expeditie Monographs (14) 77: 1 - 265." type="journal article" year="1916">Hickson 1916: 252</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A8215713821C85C84627FE73" author="Deichmann E." box="[853,1139,436,465]" page="286" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="1936">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A8215713821C85C84627FE73" author="Deichmann E." box="[853,1139,436,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref13659" refString="Deichmann E. 1936. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 53: 1 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49348" type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann 1936: 286</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A821571385EC85C84044FE55" author="Tixier-Durivault A. & d'Hondt M. - J." page="263" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="1974">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571385EC85C84044FE55" author="Tixier-Durivault A. & d'Hondt M. - J." pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="251 - 266" refId="ref15874" refString="Tixier-Durivault A. & d'Hondt M. - J. 1974 a. Nouvelles recoltes d'octocoralliaires a Madagascar. Tethys 5 (2 - 3) 1973: 251 - 266." type="journal article" year="1974">Tixier-Durivault & d’Hondt 1974a: 263</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A8215713835485A64096FE55" author="Tixier-Durivault A. & d'Hondt M. - J." box="[541,706,474,503]" page="1420" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="1974">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A8215713835485A64096FE55" author="Tixier-Durivault A. & d'Hondt M. - J." box="[541,706,474,503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="1361 - 1433" refId="ref15906" refString="Tixier-Durivault A. & d'Hondt M. - J. 1974 b. Les octocoralliaires de la campagne Biacores. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 174: 1361 - 1433." type="journal article" year="1974">1974b: 1420</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A821571383BC85A64650FE55" author="Williams G. C." box="[757,1028,474,503]" page="316" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571383BC85A64650FE55" author="Williams G. C." box="[757,1028,474,503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="93 - 140" refId="ref16020" refString="Williams G. C. 1995 a. Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea): illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 114: 93 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1995. tb 00929. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Williams 1995a: 316</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A8215713855885A646F2FE55" author="Williams G. C." box="[1041,1190,474,503]" page="128" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A8215713855885A646F2FE55" author="Williams G. C." box="[1041,1190,474,503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="15" refId="ref16077" refString="Williams G. C. 1995 b. The enigmatic sea pen genus Gyrophyllum - a phylogenetic reassessment and description of G. sibogae from Tasmanian waters (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 48 (15): 315 - 128." type="journal article" year="1995">1995b: 128</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="4D40A703A821571385FA85A64742FE55" author="Williams G. C." box="[1203,1302,474,503]" page="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571385FA85A64742FE55" author="Williams G. C." box="[1203,1302,474,503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="22747" refId="ref16126" refString="Williams G. C. 2011. The Global Diversity of Sea Pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea). PLoS ONE 6: e 22747. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0022747" type="journal article" year="2011">2011: 3</bibRefCitation>
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–
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571380E7866340CDFD9E" author="Marion A. F." box="[430,665,543,572]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="103 - 151" refId="ref15080" refString="Marion A. F. 1906. Etude des Coelenteres atlantiques recueillis par la Commission des dragages de l'aviso Le Travailleur durant les campagnes 1880 - 1881. Expedition scientifique du Travailleur et du Talisman. Paris, Marson: 103 - 151." type="book chapter" year="1906">Marion 1906: 147</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84FBD299A821571381F4861E4052FBF3" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC5E8112A821571381F4861E4654FDDE" blockId="11.[189,1024,610,637]" box="[189,1024,610,637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A821571381F4861E4363FDDE" bold="true" box="[189,311,610,636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
(modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571380B1861E40A4FDDE" author="Williams G. C." box="[504,752,610,637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="15" refId="ref16077" refString="Williams G. C. 1995 b. The enigmatic sea pen genus Gyrophyllum - a phylogenetic reassessment and description of G. sibogae from Tasmanian waters (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 48 (15): 315 - 128." type="journal article" year="1995">Williams 1995b: 128</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, modifications in bold)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC5E8112A821571381F486EC4052FBF3" blockId="11.[188,1399,656,1105]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Colonies stout and clavate,
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A8215713834886EC4187FD53" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">with rachis in two parts, a distal part with polyp leaves and a proximal part without them, similar to peduncle in appearance but separated from the anchoring muscular peduncle by a thickened section showing longitudinal wrinkles</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal part of rachis with bilateral symmetry throughout.Axis extends throughout length of colony,
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A821571382F9868646E2FCB6" bold="true" box="[944,1206,762,788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">irregularly X-shaped</emphasis>
|
||
in cross section. Polyp leaves present, thick, fleshy, and fan-like, up to ~9 leaves per side of rachis. Autozooids up to ~50 per leaf,
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A82157138011873D43E6FCF9" bold="true" box="[344,434,833,859]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">usually</emphasis>
|
||
in two rows at the leaf margin. Anthocodiae retractile into
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A82157138528873D46D9FCF9" bold="true" box="[1121,1165,833,859]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">low</emphasis>
|
||
fleshy calyces
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A82157138476873C43EDFC66" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">
|
||
with one or two distinct fleshy blunt to pointed processes (sometimes difficult to observe, eroded?). Tentacles with
|
||
<specimenCount id="DAE74A9BA8215713803287FB43A7FC03" box="[379,499,903,929]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of tentacular projections: conventional pinnulae on the lateral sides of main tentacular axis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and filiform ones (numerous) along the oral side of tentacular axis. Siphonozooids present on both sides of polyp leaves between and below autozooids,
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A821571382B987B14716FC45" bold="true" box="[1008,1346,973,999]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">and on dorsal rachis’ track</emphasis>
|
||
, not restricted to zones or pads. Sclerites elongate, three-flanged rods in polyp leaves, rachis, and peduncle, as well as short blunt rods in the tentacle axis and autozooid body (mostly longitudinally grooved or occasionally three-flanged).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84FBD299A821571381F480044723FAA5" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC5E8112A821571381F4800440D9FB30" blockId="11.[189,653,1144,1170]" box="[189,653,1144,1170]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<heading id="9716367EA821571381F4800440D9FB30" bold="true" box="[189,653,1144,1170]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A821571381F4800440D9FB30" bold="true" box="[189,653,1144,1170]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">Geographical and depth distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC5E8112A821571381F480DB4723FAA5" blockId="11.[189,1399,1191,1288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Indo-West Pacific (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4F6C182A821571380EB80DB4067FB63" box="[418,563,1191,1217]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Malay Archipelago, Tasmanian Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4F6C182A821571382B580DB46F4FB63" box="[1020,1184,1191,1217]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4F6C182A821571385E480DB46BFFB63" box="[1197,1259,1191,1217]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and North Atlantic (Azores, Hatton and Rockall Banks, Rosemary Seamount,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4F6C182A8215713854D80B64621FB46" box="[1028,1141,1226,1252]" name="Bahamas" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="0B192CF7A821571385C680B6477CFB47" box="[1167,1320,1226,1253]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMax="2.2199999999999998" metricValueMin="0.52" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1370.0" valueMax="2220.0" valueMin="520.0">520–2220 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A8215713818C80914302FAA5" author="Studer T." box="[197,342,1261,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="86 - 95" refId="ref15658" refString="Studer T. 1891. Note preliminaire sur les Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes du yacht l'Hirondelle 1886, 1887, 1888. Part 2. Alcyonacea and Pennatulacea. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France 4 (2): 86 - 95." type="journal article" year="1891">Studer 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A8215713802B809143F4FAA5" author="Studer T." box="[354,416,1261,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref15703" refString="Studer T. 1901. Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle (1886 - 88). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince Albert Ier de Monaco 20: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1901">1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571380E280914022FAA5" author="Deichmann E." box="[427,630,1261,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref13659" refString="Deichmann E. 1936. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 53: 1 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49348" type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571383C980914123FAA5" author="Williams G. C." box="[640,887,1261,1288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="15" refId="ref16077" refString="Williams G. C. 1995 b. The enigmatic sea pen genus Gyrophyllum - a phylogenetic reassessment and description of G. sibogae from Tasmanian waters (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 48 (15): 315 - 128." type="journal article" year="1995">Williams 1995b: 128</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A821571382B880924678FAA5" box="[1009,1068,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014; present contribution).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84FBD299A821571381F481534168FAD5" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC5E8112A821571381F48153430DFAEA" blockId="11.[189,345,1326,1353]" box="[189,345,1326,1353]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<heading id="9716367EA821571381F48153430DFAEA" bold="true" box="[189,345,1326,1353]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A821571381F48153430DFAEA" bold="true" box="[189,345,1326,1353]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<typeStatus id="135A3FB0A821571381F4815342AFFAEB" box="[189,251,1327,1353]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC5E8112A821571381F481214168FAD5" blockId="11.[189,828,1373,1399]" box="[189,828,1373,1399]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE1FA91A821571381F48121402AFAD5" ID-CoL="3J323" authority="Studer, 1891" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1891" box="[189,638,1373,1399]" class="Anthozoa" family="Pennatulidae" genus="Gyrophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hirondellei">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE955D00A821571381F4812143B5FAD5" box="[189,481,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="84">Gyrophyllum hirondellei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A870FCE3A821571380A08121402AFAD5" author="Studer T." box="[489,638,1373,1399]" pageId="11" pageNumber="84" pagination="86 - 95" refId="ref15658" refString="Studer T. 1891. Note preliminaire sur les Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes du yacht l'Hirondelle 1886, 1887, 1888. Part 2. Alcyonacea and Pennatulacea. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France 4 (2): 86 - 95." type="journal article" year="1891">Studer, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(by monotypy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |