563 lines
70 KiB
XML
563 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="683140CE3BEE780C375F328359790FD8" ID-CLB-Dataset="6471" ID-DOI="10.21248/contrib.entomol.57.1.37-80" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9de2e923-4b2c-4a60-9ea1-3ef0ac7972f2" ID-ISSN="0005-805X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4751957" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620828826071" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Lonsdale, Owen & Marshall, Stephen A." docDate="2007" docId="763A87EEFFD2FF8AFEBDFF72FC127E4D" docLanguage="en" docName="ContribEntomol.57.1.37-80.pdf" docOrigin="Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 57 (1)" docSource="https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1692" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DA3631FDA31ED51D1CF99ECA6F54F23F.3:ContribEntomol.2005-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="DA3631FDA31ED51D1CF99ECA6F54F23F" docStyleName="ContribEntomol.2005-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Heteromeringia nigrifrons KERTESZ ER 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="8A03FF96FFC8FF96FFB4FFDDFFEB7D25" masterDocTitle="Revision of the New World Heteromeringia (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiodinae)" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698938797981" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C83044B5755FE72D6E322BD66EBC778A">
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<mods:title id="50BC0D5BB0A0A01F877800F4C9A09A16">Revision of the New World Heteromeringia (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiodinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="92693A824AD8DA613F824BBD0FD84AF3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1AE6B2A249CE2428BC2084A5949FC3B1">Lonsdale, Owen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F359AA285D7CD8320135297434524162">Marshall, Stephen A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9AF7D6B58793452BD1DF9FB8183C85D1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E166A280835D9C540F125755E1DA1F35">
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<mods:title id="2A46FC94C2D565BEDDD0C76FF8CB0007">Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9C2491AEA4718125570AF284E02DA152">
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<mods:date id="480AD86CB2C893B14EFE4C8C0BB5B4F2">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8A13215ED1A7DAA281632436FC0C7498" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="E6BCA1D9932D13540C41744AE62F330A">2007-06-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D0A991337B15DC1B8A1EFF1838C77B32" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1779EA61271784D08EF2243349E70ED7">57</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="4FE1E23D94618E288E8A02C98D00A33C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BC3228F9E398271A9E3BA5412DF40E13">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="50111FB9F72CEABDD94AEF5398B159FC">37</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F179051B29D16997D362976601676DA0">80</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="B9E5CB2E49AF09302C814BBC0DD59900">https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1692</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="63B73B46F6B0B206710BC3AFD8BE07C7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="73E2393D125442A354397661396F58E2" type="CLB-Dataset">6471</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FA32B99EF0653E30CC82C069CF5DAD44" type="DOI">10.21248/contrib.entomol.57.1.37-80</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="763A87EEFFD2FF8AFEBDFF72FC127E4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4793477" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182395271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4793477" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:763A87EEFFD2FF8AFEBDFF72FC127E4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/763A87EEFFD2FF8AFEBDFF72FC127E4D" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="B6896573FFD2FF8CFEBDFF72FD327DE0" box="[265,729,175,199]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFEBDFF72FD327DE0" blockId="26.[265,729,175,199]" box="[265,729,175,199]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="A5648194FFD2FF8CFEBDFF72FD327DE0" box="[265,729,175,199]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFEBDFF72FD327DE0" ID-CoL="6LT85" authority="KE, 1903" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[265,729,175,199]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFEBDFF72FD327DE0" bold="true" box="[265,729,175,199]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFEBDFF72FDDA7DE2" bold="true" box="[265,561,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Heteromeringia nigrifrons</emphasis>
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KE, 1903
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6896573FFD2FF8CFEBEFF00FEB87DD6" box="[266,339,221,243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFEBEFF00FEB87DD6" blockId="26.[266,339,221,243]" box="[266,339,221,243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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(
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<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD2FF8CFEA5FF00FEA67DD6" box="[273,333,221,243]" captionStart="Map 3" captionStartId="41.[108,152,1029,1050]" captionTargetBox="[106,1096,179,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-123@41.[106,1096,179,1009]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Map 3: Distributions of Heteromeringia apholisapholis sp. n., H. zophinazophina sp. n., H. decora sp. n., H. nervosanervosa sp. n., H. volcanavolcana sp. n., H. nanellananella sp. n., H. nigrifrons KERTESZ, and H. fucata HENDEL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752056/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Map 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6896573FFD2FF8CFF09FEDFFC787C30" box="[189,915,257,279]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF09FEDFFC787C30" blockId="26.[189,915,257,279]" box="[189,915,257,279]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DE8311D6FFD2FF8CFF09FEDFFC787C30" box="[189,915,257,279]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitation id="7F3210E9FFD2FF8CFF09FEDFFD8C7C30" author="KERTESZ, K." box="[189,615,257,279]" page="568" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" year="1903">
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<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFF09FEDFFD8C7C30" authority="KERTESZ, 1903: 568" authorityName="K ERTESZ" authorityPageNumber="568" authorityYear="1903" box="[189,615,257,279]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifronsnigrifrons">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFF09FEDFFE497C33" box="[189,418,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Heteromeringia nigrifronsnigrifrons</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD2FF8CFE1CFEDFFD8C7C30" author="KERTESZ, K." box="[424,615,258,277]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" pagination="566 - 573" refId="ref19322" refString="KERTESZ, K. 1903: Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Heteroneuriden. - Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 1: 566 - 573." type="journal article" year="1903">KERTESZ, 1903: 568</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. MELANDER &
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<treatmentCitation id="7F3210E9FFD2FF8CFD4CFEDFFC7B7C30" author="ARGO, N. G." box="[760,912,258,277]" page="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD2FF8CFD4CFEDFFC7B7C30" author="ARGO, N. G." box="[760,912,258,277]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref19616" refString="MELANDER ,, A. L. & ARGO, N. G. 1924: Revision of the two-winged flies of the family Clusiidae. - Proceedings of the United States Natural History Museum 64: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1924">ARGO, 1924: 30</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6896573FFD2FF8CFF0AFEF0FEC07EE7" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF0AFEF0FD737C61" blockId="26.[190,664,301,325]" box="[190,664,301,325]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFF0AFEF0FED27C60" bold="true" box="[190,313,301,325]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Description</emphasis>
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[translated from
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<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD2FF8CFE59FEF3FD797C61" author="KERTESZ, K." box="[493,658,302,324]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" pagination="566 - 573" refId="ref19322" refString="KERTESZ, K. 1903: Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Heteroneuriden. - Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 1: 566 - 573." type="journal article" year="1903">KERTESZ (1903)</bibRefCitation>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF0AFEBEFEEC7C50" blockId="26.[190,263,355,373]" box="[190,263,355,373]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFF0AFEBEFEEC7C50" bold="true" box="[190,263,355,373]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Female</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF0AFE54FCD97E35" blockId="26.[189,1180,393,785]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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Black, with weak luster. Frons, face, gena and occiput black. Orbits from base of antenna to slightly beyond midpoint of frons narrowly brownish yellow. Antenna pale brownish yellow; third segment more or less reniform and with black apex; arista black, pubescent. Proboscis and palpus black, the latter reddish yellow in apical half. Bristles of head black. Genae ca. 1/6 as high as head. Vibrissa moderately long, behind it only very short setulae. Thoracic dorsum dull black, with appressed very short and weak ferruginous pubescence; bristles black. Pleura shining black. Legs reddish yellow. Front coxae pale yellow. Front femur with exception of basal half and knee, mid femur toward (i.e., excluding) apical fourth, and tibiae excluding knees yellow. Mid and hind tibiae with black [? ventral] apical spur. Femora with short bristles on ventral surface (bristles of hind femur longest). Front tibia and tarsi with short black setulae. Wing, excluding yellowish basis and hind margin, with smoky tinge; infuscation strongest at front margin. Third and fourth longitudinal veins parallel, last sector of fourth vein five times as long as penultimate sector. Halter yellowish white. Length:
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<quantity id="396B9B1DFFD2FF8CFDBCFD24FDB67E35" box="[520,605,761,785]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
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; wing length:
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<quantity id="396B9B1DFFD2FF8CFD5BFD24FCC47E35" box="[751,815,761,785]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF0AFCF2FE917E64" blockId="26.[190,378,815,833]" box="[190,378,815,833]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFF0AFCF2FE917E64" bold="true" box="[190,378,815,833]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Female terminalia</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF0AFC88FEA57E42" blockId="26.[190,334,853,871]" box="[190,334,853,871]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Not dissected.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF0AFC57FF187EB9" blockId="26.[190,243,906,924]" box="[190,243,906,924]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFF0AFC57FF187EB9" bold="true" box="[190,243,906,924]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Male</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF0AFC6DFEC07EE7" blockId="26.[190,299,944,962]" box="[190,299,944,962]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6896573FFD2FF8CFF0AFC0BFDB27ECF" box="[190,601,982,1003]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF0AFC0BFDB27ECF" blockId="26.[190,601,982,1003]" box="[190,601,982,1003]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<materialsCitation id="4EFB3CA5FFD2FF8CFF0AFC0BFDB27ECF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3118660301" box="[190,601,982,1003]" collectionCode="HNHM" country="Peru" location="Vilcanota" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFF0AFC0BFE8D7ECE" bold="true" box="[190,358,982,1003]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<typeStatus id="2128885AFFD2FF8CFF0AFC0BFEF27ECE" box="[190,281,982,1003]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD2FF8CFE97FC0BFE897ECE" box="[291,354,982,1003]" name="Peru" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">PERU</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="FB4C6023FFD2FF8CFEDFFC0BFE2F7ECF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:763A87EEFFD2FF8AFEBDFF72FC127E4D:FB4C6023FFD2FF8CFEDFFC0BFE2F7ECF" box="[363,452,982,1002]" country="Peru" name="Vilcanota" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Vilcanota</location>
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(1 ,
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<collectionCode id="9882AE3DFFD2FF8CFE48FC0BFDA67ECF" box="[508,589,982,1002]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">HNHM</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6896573FFD2FF8CFF0AFBDEFD0679FC" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF0AFBDEFEDA7930" blockId="26.[190,305,1027,1045]" box="[190,305,1027,1045]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFF0AFBDEFEDA7930" bold="true" box="[190,305,1027,1045]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Comments</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF09FBF5FD0679FC" blockId="26.[189,1180,1064,1242]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
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The
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<typeStatus id="2128885AFFD2FF8CFF5AFBF5FEBA7965" box="[238,337,1064,1088]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFEC7FBF4FD997965" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[371,626,1064,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFEC7FBF4FD997965" box="[371,626,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Heteromeringia nigrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFD11FBF4FCC97965" authorityName="HENNIG" authorityYear="1938" box="[677,802,1064,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifrons">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFD11FBF4FCC97965" box="[677,802,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">H. flavifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were examined on our behalf by Dr. L. Papp in
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<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD2FF8CFE84FB9AFE66797A" box="[304,397,1095,1119]" name="Hungary" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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, allowing us to add the following notes to the above description: there is no upcurved bristle on posterodorsal surface of the anepisternum; the gena and occiput are shiny; the postvertical bristle is slightly shorter than the ocellar bristle; there are two pairs of dorsocentral bristles; the M
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<subScript id="621734BDFFD2FF8CFECFFB69FE7B799B" attach="left" box="[379,400,1204,1214]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">1+2</subScript>
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ratio is 6.9.
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<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFDA4FB79FCE4799E" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[528,783,1187,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFDA4FB79FCE4799E" box="[528,783,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Heteromeringia nigrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the only New World
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<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFBB6FB79FB70799E" authorityName="CZERNY" authorityYear="1903" box="[1026,1179,1188,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFBB6FB79FB70799E" box="[1026,1179,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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outside of the
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<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFEE5FB1FFE5C79FC" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[337,439,1218,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="czernyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFEE5FB1FFE5C79FC" box="[337,439,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">H. czernyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group with yellow fore tibiae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="B6896573FFD2FF8DFF0AFB2AFE93788F" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF0AFB2AFE83782C" blockId="26.[190,360,1271,1289]" box="[190,360,1271,1289]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFF0AFB2AFE83782C" bold="true" box="[190,360,1271,1289]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Recombinations</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD2FF8CFF09FAC3FE197B0C" blockId="26.[189,1179,1309,1577]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
|
|
Two species previously treated as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFDB7FAC3FD777810" authorityName="CZERNY" authorityYear="1903" box="[515,668,1310,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFDB7FAC3FD777810" box="[515,668,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are no longer included in the genus.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFBB6FAC3FE2D7871" authority="JOHNSON, 1913" authorityName="JOHNSON" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulipes">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFBB6FAC3FEF07871" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Heteromeringia annulipes</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD2FF8CFE95FAE1FE2D7871" author="JOHNSON, C. W." box="[289,454,1340,1364]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref19288" refString="JOHNSON, C. W. 1913: A study of the Clusiodidae, (Heteroneuridae) of the Eastern United States. - Psyche 20 (3): 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1913">JOHNSON, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, described from North Carolina, was recently moved to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFBB3FAE1FEB87856" authority="CZERNY, 1903" authorityName="CZERNY" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Craspedochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFBB3FAE1FB707871" box="[1031,1179,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Craspedochaeta</emphasis>
|
|
CZERNY, 1903
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a senior synonym of the predominantly neotropical
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFC2FFA86FB70784B" authority="SOOS, 1962" authorityName="SOOS" authorityYear="1962" box="[923,1179,1370,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Craspedochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceoflava">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFC2FFA86FBF17857" box="[923,1050,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">C. piceoflava</emphasis>
|
|
SÓOS, 1962
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD2FF8CFF70FAA7FDF478B5" author="LONSDALE, O. & MARSHALL, S. A." box="[196,543,1402,1424]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 101" refId="ref19452" refString="LONSDALE, O. & MARSHALL, S. A. 2006 b: Revision of the New World Craspedochaeta CZERNY. - Zootaxa 1291: 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="2006">LONSDALE & MARSHALL, 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The Peruvian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFD7DFAA7FC1F78A8" authority="HENNIG, 1938" authorityName="HENNIG" authorityYear="1938" box="[713,1012,1402,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFD7DFAA7FCA478A9" box="[713,847,1402,1420]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">H. dimidiata</emphasis>
|
|
HENNIG, 1938
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<typeStatus id="2128885AFFD2FF8CFBBCFAA4FB8978B4" box="[1032,1122,1401,1425]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
label data:
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD2FF8CFF4DFA45FEC0788A" box="[249,299,1432,1455]" name="Peru" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Ucayalifluss, Unini,
|
|
<date id="8A2D1038FFD2FF8CFDBAFA45FD917895" box="[526,634,1432,1456]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" value="1903-10-20">20.x.1903</date>
|
|
, Schnuse (1 , SMTD)) belongs to a clade of neotropical
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFEA1FA6BFE4A78EB" box="[277,417,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">SobarocephalaSobarocephala</emphasis>
|
|
including
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFDA2FA6AFC7478EF" authority="MELANDER & ARGO, 1924" authorityName="MELANDER & ARGO" authorityYear="1924" box="[534,927,1463,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFDA2FA6AFD9078EC" box="[534,635,1463,1481]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">S. liturata</emphasis>
|
|
MELANDER &
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD2FF8CFC94FA6AFC7478EF" author="ARGO, N. G." box="[800,927,1463,1484]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref19616" refString="MELANDER ,, A. L. & ARGO, N. G. 1924: Revision of the two-winged flies of the family Clusiidae. - Proceedings of the United States Natural History Museum 64: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1924">ARGO, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and is therefore treated here as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFEBEFA08FD4478C9" authority="(HENNIG, 1938)" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" baseAuthorityName="HENNIG" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[266,687,1493,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata" status="comb. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFEBEFA08FE1578C8" box="[266,510,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">Sobarocephala dimidiata</emphasis>
|
|
(HENNIG, 1938)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFD02FA0BFCFA78CD" bold="true" box="[694,785,1494,1512]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D7D45791FFD2FF8CFD02FA0BFCFA78CD" box="[694,785,1494,1512]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
This species was mistakenly treated as
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFF09FA29FEBD7B2E" box="[189,342,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">HeteromeringiaHeteromeringia</emphasis>
|
|
because its dark colouration gave it a resemblance to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD2FF8CFCC3FA29FED27B03" authority="MELANDER & ARGO, 1924" authorityName="MELANDERMELANDER & ARGO" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD2FF8CFCC3FA29FBEE7B29" box="[887,1029,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="63">H. fumipennis</emphasis>
|
|
MELANDER &
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD2FF8CFF09F9CEFED27B03" author="ARGO, N. G." box="[189,313,1555,1576]" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref19616" refString="MELANDER ,, A. L. & ARGO, N. G. 1924: Revision of the two-winged flies of the family Clusiidae. - Proceedings of the United States Natural History Museum 64: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1924">ARGO, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(HENNIG, 1938).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD3FF8DFFDFFF72FED07DE2" blockId="27.[107,315,175,199]" box="[107,315,175,199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFFDFFF72FED07DE2" bold="true" box="[107,315,175,199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Replacement names</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD3FF8DFFDEFF08FEF37C61" blockId="27.[106,1097,213,324]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
A replacement name is here provided for the South African/
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFD65FF08FCDC7DC8" box="[721,823,213,237]" name="Seychelles" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
|
species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFC3FFF0BFED37C29" authority="LAMB LAMB, 1914" authorityName="LAMB LAMBL" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFC3FFF0BFF5F7C29" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Heteromeringia nigrifrons</emphasis>
|
|
LAMB
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD3FF8DFF7CFF27FED37C29" author="LAMB" box="[200,312,244,268]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" pagination="307 - 372" refId="ref19345" refString="LAMB L, C. G. 1914: Diptera: Heteroneuridae, Ortalidae, Trypetidae, Sepsidae, Micropezidae, Drosophilidae, Geomyzidae, Milichidae. - Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (2 nd Series, Zoology) 16: 307 - 372." type="journal article" year="1914">LAMB, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a primary junior homonym of the neotropical
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFC94FF28FBAE7C2D" authority="KERTESZ, 1903" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[800,1093,244,268]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFC94FF28FC4B7C29" box="[800,928,244,268]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. nigrifrons</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD3FF8DFC13FF29FBAE7C2D" author="KERTESZ, K." box="[935,1093,244,265]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" pagination="566 - 573" refId="ref19322" refString="KERTESZ, K. 1903: Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Heteroneuriden. - Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 1: 566 - 573." type="journal article" year="1903">KERTESZ, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The replacement name,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFED7FECEFE367C0E" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[355,477,275,299]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tephrinos">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFED7FECEFE367C0E" box="[355,477,275,299]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. tephrinos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFE51FEC7FDB67C03" bold="true" box="[485,605,282,294]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">nomen nov.</emphasis>
|
|
, is Greek for “ash-coloured”, in reference to the infuscated halter.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD3FF8DFFDFFEBBFF137C5B" blockId="27.[107,248,358,382]" box="[107,248,358,382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFFDFFEBBFF137C5B" bold="true" box="[107,248,358,382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Relationships</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD3FF8DFFDEFE50FD1F7F24" blockId="27.[106,1097,397,513]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
Most New World
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFE95FE53FE517C80" authorityName="CZERNY" authorityYear="1903" box="[289,442,398,421]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFE95FE53FE517C80" box="[289,442,398,421]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be placed into one of two relatively common species groups: the widespread
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFEBDFE71FE8D7C9B" authorityName="JOHNSON" authorityYear="1913" box="[265,358,428,446]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFEBDFE71FE8D7C9B" box="[265,358,428,446]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. nitida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group and the entirely Neotropical
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFD63FE71FCD67CE6" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[727,829,428,451]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="czernyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFD63FE71FCD67CE6" box="[727,829,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. czernyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group. Three Neotropical species (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFF0BFE16FECE7CC7" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[191,293,458,482]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apholis">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFF0BFE16FECE7CC7" box="[191,293,458,482]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. apholis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFE87FE16FE787CF8" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[307,403,459,477]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decora">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFE87FE16FE787CF8" box="[307,403,459,477]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. decora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFE73FE16FDA37CC7" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[455,584,458,482]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFE73FE16FDA37CC7" box="[455,584,458,482]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. nigrifrons</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)), and several species from Europe, Southeast Asia and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFF23FE34FF577F24" box="[151,188,489,513]" name="Fiji" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
|
, cannot be placed in either of the above species groups.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD3FF8DFFDEFDD2FC977FDB" blockId="27.[106,1096,527,766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFFDEFDD2FE147F02" bold="true" box="[106,511,527,553]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFFDEFDD2FE8B7F02" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[106,352,527,551]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="czernyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFFDEFDD2FE8B7F02" bold="true" box="[106,352,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Heteromeringia czernyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species group.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFDF4FDCDFD417F02" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[576,682,528,551]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="czernyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFDF4FDCDFD417F02" box="[576,682,528,551]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. czernyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group contains
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFCE8FDCDFC2D7F02" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[860,966,528,551]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="czernyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFCE8FDCDFC2D7F02" box="[860,966,528,551]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. czernyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFC6CFDCDFBAA7F02" authorityName=", MALLOCH" authorityYear="1918" box="[984,1089,527,551]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Clusiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFC6CFDCDFBAA7F02" box="[984,1089,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. flavipes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFFDEFDF3FF1F7F63" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[106,244,558,582]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphotisma">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFFDEFDF3FF1F7F63" box="[106,244,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. aphotisma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFEB0FDF3FE687F63" authorityName="HENNIG" authorityYear="1938" box="[260,387,558,582]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifrons">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFEB0FDF3FE687F63" box="[260,387,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. flavifrons</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFE20FDF3FDEE7F65" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[404,517,558,576]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFE20FDF3FDEE7F65" box="[404,517,558,576]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. lateralis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFDA2FDF3FD4B7F63" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[534,672,558,582]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisetaquadriseta">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFDA2FDF3FD4B7F63" box="[534,672,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. quadrisetaquadriseta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFD6FFDF3FCBE7F65" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[731,853,558,576]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediana">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFD6FFDF3FCBE7F65" box="[731,853,558,576]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. mediana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and is defined by the following characters: anterior genal bristle vibrissa-like; anepisternum with additional upcurved bristle in posterodorsal corner (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFE1DFDB6FE0F7FA6" box="[425,484,619,643]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[107,138,636,658]" captionTargetBox="[311,909,180,616]" captionTargetId="figure-126@31.[307,912,174,622]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 8: Heteromeringia czernyi KERTESZ, left lateral with detail of anepisternum and arrow indicating diagnostic upturned bristle. Fig. 9: H. fumipennisfumipennis MELANDER & ARGO, anepisternum with arrow indicating diagnostic lateral disc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751972/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
|
) (only retained in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFD10FDB1FCE17FA6" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[676,778,620,643]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="czernyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFD10FDB1FCE17FA6" box="[676,778,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. czernyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFCA3FDB1FC6B7FA6" authorityName=", MALLOCH" authorityYear="1918" box="[791,896,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Clusiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFCA3FDB1FC6B7FA6" box="[791,896,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. flavipes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFC07FDB1FBD27FA6" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[947,1081,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphotisma">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFC07FDB1FBD27FA6" box="[947,1081,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. aphotisma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); arista loosely pubescent or short-plumose; pregonite with rounded distal nub (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFC2EFD57FBD07F87" box="[922,1083,650,674]" captionStart="Figs 34-35" captionStartId="34.[192,229,1417,1439]" captionTargetBox="[336,1023,1015,1391]" captionTargetId="figure-113@34.[324,1041,997,1404]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figs 34-35: Heteromeringia czernyi KERTESZ, internal genitalia, basiphallus shaded. 34 anterior; 35 left lateral. Ejaculatory apodeme omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752012/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Figs 34 and 35</figureCitation>
|
|
); basiphallus with diamond-shaped to (somewhat) rectangular posteroventral plate behind point of attachment to distiphallus; phallapodeme never longer than hypandrium + pregonite; ventral receptacle large and wedge-shaped (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFE62FD3BFDA27FDB" box="[470,585,742,766]" captionStart="Figs 48-50" captionStartId="37.[107,144,778,800]" captionTargetBox="[130,1083,195,747]" captionTargetId="figure-107@37.[111,1094,176,765]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figs 48-50: Female internal genitalia (spermathecae and ventral receptacle). 48 Heteromeringia czernyi KERTESZ; 49 H. flavifronsflavifrons HENNIG; 50 H. lateralis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752028/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Figs 48-50</figureCitation>
|
|
); spermatheca not telescoped.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD3FF8DFFDEFCD0FC6979D5" blockId="27.[106,1096,780,1264]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFFDEFCD0FEBE7E01" box="[106,341,780,804]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipesflavipes">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFFDEFCD0FEBE7E01" box="[106,341,780,804]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Heteromeringia flavipesflavipes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFE3BFCD0FE127E01" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[399,505,781,804]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="czernyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFE3BFCD0FE127E01" box="[399,505,781,804]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. czernyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are basal in the group, characterized by brown bristles, one distal and one medial cloud on the wing, hand-shaped scales on the surstylus (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFC71FCF6FBE47E66" box="[965,1039,811,835]" captionStart="Figs 31-33" captionStartId="34.[190,227,904,926]" captionTargetBox="[382,978,182,873]" captionTargetId="figure-101@34.[380,985,174,892]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figs 31-33: Heteromeringia czernyi KERTESZ, external terminalia. 31 left lateral; 32 posterior; 33 right surstylus, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752008/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
|
) (absent in some specimens), a prominent process on the inner face of the surstylus, and an elongate sac-like spermatheca with distal sculpturing (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFD88FCB5FD357EA5" box="[572,734,872,896]" captionStart="Figs 48-50" captionStartId="37.[107,144,778,800]" captionTargetBox="[130,1083,195,747]" captionTargetId="figure-107@37.[111,1094,176,765]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figs 48-50: Female internal genitalia (spermathecae and ventral receptacle). 48 Heteromeringia czernyi KERTESZ; 49 H. flavifronsflavifrons HENNIG; 50 H. lateralis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752028/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Figs 48 and 49</figureCitation>
|
|
). Both species extend into Florida, but
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFF22FC5AFF147EBA" authorityName=", MALLOCH" authorityYear="1918" box="[150,255,903,927]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Clusiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFF22FC5AFF147EBA" box="[150,255,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. flavipes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not found south of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFE45FC5AFD8E7EB9" box="[497,613,903,924]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFD14FC5AFCE27EBB" authorityName="K ERTESZ" authorityYear="1903" box="[672,777,903,926]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="czernyiczernyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFD14FC5AFCE27EBB" box="[672,777,903,926]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. czernyiczernyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widespread in both Central and South America all the way to Tierra del Fuego, which is by far the most southern record of a clusiid in the New World. The remaining six species in the group form a clade defined by four fronto-orbital bristles and a dark infuscation from the costa to the midpoint of the second radial cell (reduced in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFEBBFBDFFE7D793C" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[271,406,1025,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriseta">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFEBBFBDFFE7D793C" box="[271,406,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. quadriseta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Of these,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFDA5FBDFFD7C793C" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[529,663,1025,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphotisma">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFDA5FBDFFD7C793C" box="[529,663,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. aphotisma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(southern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFCB3FBDFFCA9793D" box="[775,834,1026,1048]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
) is the most ancestral because it retains dark colouration and an additional upcurved bristle in the posterodorsal corner of the anepisternum. The other four species are pale flies known either from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFCC8FBE2FC007972" box="[892,1003,1087,1111]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFC4FFBE2FF797955" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFC4FFBE2FF797955" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">H. lateralis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)) or South America (
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFED8FB83FE107950" box="[364,507,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFED8FB83FE1D7950" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[364,502,1117,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriseta">H. quadriseta</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFDB7FB83FDB17956" box="[515,602,1118,1139]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFDD1FB83FD7D7956" box="[613,662,1118,1139]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|
;
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFD17FB83FCCA7955" box="[675,801,1118,1136]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFD17FB83FCF77955" authorityName="Lonsdale & Marshall" authorityYear="2007" box="[675,796,1118,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediana">H. mediana</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFC9EFB80FC837950" box="[810,872,1117,1141]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
)), although the widespread
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFF01FBA0FE5979B1" authorityName="HENNIG" authorityYear="1938" box="[181,434,1148,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifrons">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFF01FBA0FE5979B1" box="[181,434,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Heteromeringia flavifrons</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been collected in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFD14FBA0FD0079B7" box="[672,747,1149,1170]" name="Bolivia" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFD43FBA0FCDE79B7" box="[759,821,1149,1170]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFCF6FBA0FC5D79B7" box="[834,950,1149,1170]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFC77FBA0FBF279B7" box="[963,1049,1149,1170]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="86847668FFD3FF8DFFDFFB46FF3E7996" box="[107,213,1179,1203]" name="Honduras" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
|
. The two exclusively South American species form a clade characterized by small inset surstyli (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFF74FB64FEE079F4" box="[192,267,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figs 42-44" captionStartId="36.[190,227,711,733]" captionTargetBox="[390,981,181,685]" captionTargetId="figure-139@36.[381,986,174,690]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 42-44: Heteromeringia mediana sp. n., genitalia. 42 internal, left lateral; 43 external, left lateral; 44 external, posterior. Ejaculatory apodeme omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752022/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Figs 44</figureCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFE89FB64FEB179F4" box="[317,346,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figs 45-47" captionStartId="36.[190,227,1378,1400]" captionTargetBox="[386,983,908,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-103@36.[382,987,897,1364]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 45-47: Heteromeringia quadriseta sp. n., genitalia. 45 internal, left lateral; 46 external, left lateral; 47 external, posterior. Ejaculatory apodeme omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752026/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">47</figureCitation>
|
|
), an enlarged annulus (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFDF2FB64FD7979F4" box="[582,658,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figs 42-44" captionStartId="36.[190,227,711,733]" captionTargetBox="[390,981,181,685]" captionTargetId="figure-139@36.[381,986,174,690]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 42-44: Heteromeringia mediana sp. n., genitalia. 42 internal, left lateral; 43 external, left lateral; 44 external, posterior. Ejaculatory apodeme omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752022/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Figs 43</figureCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFD70FB64FD0979F4" box="[708,738,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figs 45-47" captionStartId="36.[190,227,1378,1400]" captionTargetBox="[386,983,908,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-103@36.[382,987,897,1364]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 45-47: Heteromeringia quadriseta sp. n., genitalia. 45 internal, left lateral; 46 external, left lateral; 47 external, posterior. Ejaculatory apodeme omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752026/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">46</figureCitation>
|
|
), and cerci that are thin and widely incised with one pair of relatively short, stout apical bristles (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFD6CFB05FCCE79D5" box="[728,805,1240,1264]" captionStart="Figs 42-44" captionStartId="36.[190,227,711,733]" captionTargetBox="[390,981,181,685]" captionTargetId="figure-139@36.[381,986,174,690]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 42-44: Heteromeringia mediana sp. n., genitalia. 42 internal, left lateral; 43 external, left lateral; 44 external, posterior. Ejaculatory apodeme omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752022/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Figs 44</figureCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD3FF8DFCECFB05FC9D79D5" box="[856,886,1240,1264]" captionStart="Figs 45-47" captionStartId="36.[190,227,1378,1400]" captionTargetBox="[386,983,908,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-103@36.[382,987,897,1364]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 45-47: Heteromeringia quadriseta sp. n., genitalia. 45 internal, left lateral; 46 external, left lateral; 47 external, posterior. Ejaculatory apodeme omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752026/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">47</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD3FF8DFFDEFB23FE93788F" blockId="27.[106,1096,1278,1457]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFFDEFB23FE197833" bold="true" box="[106,498,1278,1304]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFFDEFB23FEBF7833" authorityName="JOHNSON" authorityYear="1913" box="[106,340,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFFDEFB23FEBF7833" bold="true" box="[106,340,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Heteromeringia nitida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species group.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The (single) defining synapomorphy of this widespread and species-rich group is the small, pale, disc-like structure on the male anepisternum (Fig. 9). This unusual character is unlikely to be subject to homoplasy and is an easily recognized synapomorphy. Many
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFEBBFA86FE437857" authorityName="CZERNY" authorityYear="1903" box="[271,424,1371,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFEBBFA86FE437857" box="[271,424,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
belong to this group, but a World revision will be necessary to resolve its zoogeography and internal phylogeny, as well as the relationships between it and the remaining
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFF6DFA45FE99788A" authorityName="CZERNY" authorityYear="1903" box="[217,370,1432,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFF6DFA45FE99788A" box="[217,370,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="B6896573FFD3FF8AFFDFFA10FC127E4D" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD3FF8DFFDFFA10FF5778C0" blockId="27.[107,188,1485,1509]" box="[107,188,1485,1509]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFFDFFA10FF5778C0" bold="true" box="[107,188,1485,1509]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Biology</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD3FF8AFFDFFA2EFD3B7C5B" blockId="27.[106,1097,1523,1639]" lastBlockId="28.[189,1179,175,383]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">
|
|
Label data for New World specimens (mostly those we have collected in the Neotropics) suggest that some species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFE8EF9CFFE387B0C" authorityName="CZERNY" authorityYear="1903" box="[314,467,1554,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFE8EF9CFFE387B0C" box="[314,467,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
aggregate around relatively open areas such as tree falls, forest borders, pastures and landslides.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD3FF8DFE0EF9ECFD9C7B62" author="MCAC LPINE, D. K." box="[442,631,1585,1609]" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" pagination="63 - 94" refId="ref19547" refString="MCAC LPINE, D. K. 1960: A review of the Australian species of Clusiidae (Diptera: Acalyptrata). - Records of the Australian Museum 25: 63 - 94." type="journal article" year="1960">MCAC LPINE (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
also notes that while most Australian clusiids were taken in rainforests along creeks,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD3FF8DFE45F98DFD3D7B42" box="[497,726,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD3FF8DFE45F98DFD617B42" box="[497,650,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="64">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were collected in more open forests. We have collected
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFECDFF6DFDED7DE2" authorityName="MELANDERMELANDER & ARGO" authorityYear="1924" box="[377,518,175,199]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFECDFF6DFDED7DE2" box="[377,518,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H. fumipennis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFDA7FF6DFD927DE2" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[531,633,176,199]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="czernyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFDA7FF6DFD927DE2" box="[531,633,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H. czernyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFD31FF6DFD087DE7" box="[645,739,176,194]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidanitida">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFD31FF6DFD087DE7" box="[645,739,176,194]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H. nitidanitida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFCA1FF6DFC7B7DE2" authorityName="HENNIG" authorityYear="1938" box="[789,912,175,199]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifronsflavifrons">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFCA1FF6DFC7B7DE2" box="[789,912,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H. flavifronsflavifrons</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with dung baits and dung traps.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFF48FF13FE337DC3" authorityName="JOHNSON" authorityYear="1913" box="[252,472,206,230]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFF48FF13FE337DC3" box="[252,472,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Heteromeringia nitida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has also been collected using mushroom traps and has been observed on myxomycete sporocarps as described below.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFD2BFF30FC727C21" authorityName="HENNIG" authorityYear="1938" box="[671,921,236,260]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifrons">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFD2BFF30FC727C21" box="[671,921,236,260]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Heteromeringia flavifrons</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFC7FFF30FBDA7C21" authorityName="KERTESZ ER" authorityYear="1903" box="[971,1073,237,260]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="czernyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFC7FFF30FBDA7C21" box="[971,1073,237,260]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H. czernyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been collected from carrion. In Europe,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFD99FED1FD537C06" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="LOEW" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[557,696,268,291]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrimana">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFD99FED1FD537C06" box="[557,696,268,291]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H. nigrimana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is known to be associated with dead wood in deciduous or mixed forests, predominantly on decaying logs (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD4FF8AFC86FEF7FC347C67" author="ROHACEK OH, J." box="[818,991,298,322]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="123 - 140" refId="ref19656" refString="ROHACEK OH, J. 1995: Clusiidae (Diptera) of the Czech and Slovak Republics: Faunistics and notes on biology and behaviour. - Casopis Slezskeho zemskeho Muzea (A) 44: 123 - 140." type="journal article" year="1995">ROHÁČEK OH, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Australian specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFEA2FE94FDD87C45" authority="MCAC LPINE, 1960" authorityName="MCAC LPINE" authorityYear="1960" box="[278,563,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norrisi">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFEA2FE94FE937C7E" box="[278,376,329,347]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H. norrisi</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD4FF8AFECBFE94FDD87C45" author="MCAC LPINE, D. K." box="[383,563,328,352]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="63 - 94" refId="ref19547" refString="MCAC LPINE, D. K. 1960: A review of the Australian species of Clusiidae (Diptera: Acalyptrata). - Records of the Australian Museum 25: 63 - 94." type="journal article" year="1960">MCAC LPINE, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been bred from rotting wood and
|
|
<specimenCount id="E895FD71FFD4FF8AFC65FE94FBAA7C45" box="[977,1089,328,352]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
|
was collected “in [a] log with termites” (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD4FF8AFDBFFEBAFD2E7C5B" author="MCAC LPINE, D. K." box="[523,709,359,383]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="63 - 94" refId="ref19547" refString="MCAC LPINE, D. K. 1960: A review of the Australian species of Clusiidae (Diptera: Acalyptrata). - Records of the Australian Museum 25: 63 - 94." type="journal article" year="1960">MCAC LPINE, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD4FF8AFF09FE41FE7B7C91" blockId="28.[189,400,412,436]" box="[189,400,412,436]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFF09FE41FE7B7C91" bold="true" box="[189,400,412,436]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Agonistic behaviour</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE2C36F8FFD4FF8AFF0AFE1EFC127E4D" blockId="28.[190,1180,451,873]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">
|
|
Like other clusiodine genera, including
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFDCAFE1EFB7C7CFC" authority="(LONSDALE & MARSHALL, 2006 b)" baseAuthorityName="LONSDALE & MARSHALL" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[638,1175,451,475]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Craspedochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFDCAFE1EFCF97CFE" box="[638,786,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Craspedochaeta</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD4FF8AFC9CFE1EFB7B7CFC" author="LONSDALE, O. & MARSHALL, S. A." box="[808,1168,451,473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 101" refId="ref19452" refString="LONSDALE, O. & MARSHALL, S. A. 2006 b: Revision of the New World Craspedochaeta CZERNY. - Zootaxa 1291: 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="2006">LONSDALE & MARSHALL, 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFF74FE3FFE087CD2" authority="COQUILLETT, 1904" authorityName="COQUILLETT" authorityYear="1904" box="[192,483,482,504]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Clusiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFF74FE3FFEF37CD1" box="[192,280,482,500]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Clusiodes</emphasis>
|
|
COQUILLETT, 1904
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFDAEFE3FFCFA7CDD" authority="CZERNY, 1903" authorityName="CZERNY" authorityYear="1903" box="[538,785,482,504]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Hendelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFDAEFE3FFD9F7CD1" box="[538,628,482,500]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Hendelia</emphasis>
|
|
CZERNY, 1903
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD4FF8AFCAAFE3FFC3D7CD2" author="MARSHALL, S. A." box="[798,982,482,504]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="3 - 9" refId="ref19518" refString="MARSHALL, S. A. 2000: Agonistic behaviour and generic synonymy in Australian Clusiidae (Diptera). - Studia Dipterologica 7: 3 - 9." type="journal article" year="2000">MARSHALL, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD4FF8AFC55FE3FFB7C7CD2" author="MCAC LPINE, D. K." box="[993,1175,482,503]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="75 - 78" refId="ref19582" refString="MCAC LPINE, D. K. 1976: Spiral vibrissae in some clusiid flies (Diptera: Schizophora). - Australian Entomological Magazine 3 (4): 75 - 78." type="journal article" year="1976">MCAC LPINE, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD4FF8AFF0AFDDDFE887F33" author="ROHACEK OH, J." box="[190,355,512,534]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="123 - 140" refId="ref19656" refString="ROHACEK OH, J. 1995: Clusiidae (Diptera) of the Czech and Slovak Republics: Faunistics and notes on biology and behaviour. - Casopis Slezskeho zemskeho Muzea (A) 44: 123 - 140." type="journal article" year="1995">ROHÁČEK OH, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFEC3FDDCFDFB7F3D" authorityName="CZERNY" authorityYear="1903" box="[375,528,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFEC3FDDCFDFB7F3D" box="[375,528,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
males engage in agonistic interactions at lek sites on fallen trees. One of us (SM) observed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFE72FDC2FDC87F14" box="[454,547,543,561]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidanitida">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFE72FDC2FDC87F14" box="[454,547,543,561]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H. nitidanitida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
males visiting rotting oak logs in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="3C57F81AFFD4FF8AFCC8FDC2FBF37F12" box="[892,1048,543,567]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
|
over periods of several spring days in each of two consecutive years. Males appeared daily on bare patches of logs partially covered with myxomycete sporocarps, where each male seemed to patrol a territory of about six square cm. When
|
|
<specimenCount id="E895FD71FFD4FF8AFE4AFDA6FD8D7FB6" box="[510,614,635,659]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
|
appeared in the same territory, they folded their front legs back at the tibial-femoral joint before “boxing” with their elbows (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66A82A7DFFD4FF8AFC23FD44FC397F94" box="[919,978,665,689]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[197,228,830,852]" captionTargetBox="[193,1175,172,820]" captionTargetId="figure-41@30.[193,1175,172,820]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 1: Agonistic interaction between Heteromeringia nitidaZZ OHNSON males (South Carolina)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4751962/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|
). Females were observed going in and out of beetle burrows on the same logs, and although pairs were seen in copula on the lek sites, no premating behaviour was noted.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD4FF8AFD51FD0AFC7E7FCB" author="ROHACEK OH, J." box="[741,917,726,751]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="123 - 140" refId="ref19656" refString="ROHACEK OH, J. 1995: Clusiidae (Diptera) of the Czech and Slovak Republics: Faunistics and notes on biology and behaviour. - Casopis Slezskeho zemskeho Muzea (A) 44: 123 - 140." type="journal article" year="1995">ROHÁČEK OH (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
speculated that a recently fallen lime-tree log was used as a mating place for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFD02FD2BFCD57E28" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="LOEW" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[694,830,758,781]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrimana">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFD02FD2BFCD57E28" box="[694,830,758,781]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H. nigrimana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as seven of the
|
|
<specimenCount id="E895FD71FFD4FF8AFC56FD28FB967E28" box="[994,1149,757,781]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
he collected off of this log were males. Males of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFD32FCC8FD337E09" authorityName="MCAC LPINE" authorityYear="1960" box="[646,728,788,812]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulla">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFD32FCC8FD337E09" box="[646,728,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">H. pulla</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been observed moving their wings in a similar fashion to sepsids, platystomatids and tephritids on the fallen bark and limbs of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39934D7BFFD4FF8AFB87FCEEFB777E6E" box="[1075,1180,819,843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE7EAEAFFD4FF8AFB87FCEEFB777E6E" box="[1075,1180,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="65">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
trees, where they were also observed copulating with females (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A024B09FFD4FF8AFC81FC8FFC067E4D" author="MCAC LPINE, D. K." box="[821,1005,850,872]" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="63 - 94" refId="ref19547" refString="MCAC LPINE, D. K. 1960: A review of the Australian species of Clusiidae (Diptera: Acalyptrata). - Records of the Australian Museum 25: 63 - 94." type="journal article" year="1960">MCAC LPINE, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |