treatments-xml/data/46/4C/87/464C87844273FFDBFF1DFA0FFCD8FC79.xml
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<document id="1C3EED7197B4D7071EC1F016227577A1" ID-CLB-Dataset="56269" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85d55564-632a-4561-8028-a7a8cf3f5de7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162357" ID-ZooBank="88714F9C-0EE5-4295-9988-3CEEF242489D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1689748270342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turner, Thomas L. &amp; Lonhart, Steve I." docDate="2023" docId="464C87844273FFDBFF1DFA0FFCD8FC79" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5318.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5318 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clathria (Microciona) rumsena Turner &amp; Lonhart 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="166" masterDocId="BA75FFFC427EFFD4FF8AFFECFFD1FD64" masterDocTitle="The Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles Marine Protected Area" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1699543835761" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B861AB652CC55B86D01D4A5CC8CF7F4E">The Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles Marine Protected Area</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="886FDCBD753A66210E9144C841090B84">Turner, Thomas L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="22992FCC8BB8C8ABC021E9C448FDC04B">Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A5DF03055FFE8DCE11261961DD92CC09">Lonhart, Steve I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5477AA01361D1BEDB1A0104A65B535A1">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, National Ocean Service, NOAA, Santa Cruz, California, USA. steve. lonhart @ noaa. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5559 - 792 X</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="CE5A36924273FFD9FF1DFA0FFDA8F89A" blockId="13.[151,633,1507,1570]" box="[151,633,1507,1534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<heading id="951281FE4273FFD9FF1DFA0FFDA8F89A" bold="true" box="[151,633,1507,1534]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804273FFD9FF1DFA0FFDA8F89A" bold="true" box="[151,633,1507,1534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114273FFD9FF1DFA0FFDC4F89A" ID-CoL="55c19063-95aa-4adf-91fa-090795be593f" authority="Turner &amp; Lonhart, 2023" authorityName="Turner &amp; Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,533,1507,1534]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rumsena" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Microciona">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804273FFD9FF1DFA0FFDC4F89A" bold="true" box="[151,533,1507,1534]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Clathria (Microciona) rumsena</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7A257FB4273FFD9FD96FA08FDA8F89A" box="[540,633,1508,1534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="86FF65194273FFD9FF1DF9E4FECDFB46" box="[151,284,1544,1570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="description">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924273FFD9FF1DF9E4FECDFB46" blockId="13.[151,633,1507,1570]" box="[151,284,1544,1570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<figureCitation id="56DE2A174273FFD9FF1DF9E4FED3FB46" box="[151,258,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,600,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-230@6.[151,1436,597,1923]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the 28S locus for the Poecilosclerida. Genbank accession numbers are shown; bold indicates new sequences. Node confidence is based on bootstrapping. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site. Colors indicate clades containing new taxa, as referenced in the text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162361/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Figures 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="56DE2A174273FFD9FE84F9E4FECDFB46" box="[270,284,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1159,1183]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1135]" captionTargetId="figure-33@14.[158,1430,181,1135]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clathria rumsena. Field photo of holotype (A) and IZC00048437 (B). C: Cross section. D: Thick style. E: Thin style. F: Acanthostyles. G: Chelae. CG from holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162383/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="86FF65194273FFD9FF1DF9BCFAE4FBEA" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924273FFD9FF1DF9BCFAE4FBEA" blockId="13.[151,1437,1616,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804273FFD9FF1DF9BCFE51FB0E" bold="true" box="[151,384,1616,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="7E8D3CCF4273FFD9FE0DF9BCFA4DFB0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161966303" box="[391,1436,1616,1643]" collectionCode="CASIZ, IZC" elevation="17" latitude="36.55898" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.9511" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" specimenCode="CASIZ236652, IZC00048437" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="115E88304273FFD9FE0DF9BCFE25FB0E" box="[391,500,1616,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94273FFD9FE77F9BCFD74FB0F" box="[509,677,1616,1643]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">CASIZ236652</specimenCode>
, Inner Carmel Pinnacle, (
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554273FFD9FC4AF9BCFBFFFB0F" box="[960,1070,1616,1643]" degrees="36.55852" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="1" value="36.55852">36.55852</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554273FFD9FBB2F9BCFB6DFB0E" box="[1080,1212,1616,1642]" degrees="121.96820" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="1" value="-121.9682">-121.96820</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="091D9B774273FFD9FB45F9BCFAE5FB0F" box="[1231,1332,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="17.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="45C8D1A14273FFD9FB45F9BCFAE5FB0F" box="[1231,1332,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="17.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="10.0">1024 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 9/22/21;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="7E8D3CCF4273FFD9FF1DF999FAE4FBEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161966316" box="[151,1333,1652,1679]" collectionCode="CASIZ, IZC" elevation="17" latitude="36.55898" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.9511" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" specimenCode="CASIZ236652, IZC00048437" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="115E88304273FFD9FF1DF999FF2DFBEB" box="[151,252,1653,1679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94273FFD9FE8CF998FE77FBEA" box="[262,422,1652,1678]" collectionCode="IZC" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">IZC00048437</specimenCode>
, Fire Rock, Pescadero Point, Carmel, (
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554273FFD9FCD2F998FC14FBEB" box="[856,965,1652,1679]" degrees="36.55898" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="1" value="36.55898">36.55898</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554273FFD9FC5BF998FB84FBEB" box="[977,1109,1652,1679]" degrees="121.95110" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="1" value="-121.9511">-121.95110</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="091D9B774273FFD9FBE2F998FB1CFBEB" box="[1128,1229,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="45C8D1A14273FFD9FBE2F998FB1CFBEB" box="[1128,1229,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="10.0">1022 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 8/10/22.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194273FFDAFF4DF974FADDF8DF" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924273FFD9FF4DF974FD8CFBB2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1616,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804273FFD9FF4DF974FE9FFBD6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1688,1714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honor of the Costanoan Rumsen Carmel Tribe, whose ancestral lands include those surrounding Monterey and Carmel bays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924273FFD9FF4DF90CFA44FA7A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1616,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804273FFD9FF4DF90CFEB0FB9E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1760,1786]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Morphology.</emphasis>
Thinly encrusting,
<quantity id="091D9B774273FFD9FDB7F90CFD4AFB9F" box="[573,667,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 mm</quantity>
thick; light orange to peach colored alive; fades to beige in ethanol. Surface of
<typeStatus id="115E88304273FFD9FE98F8E8FEA5FA7A" box="[274,372,1796,1822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
bearing evenly-spaced round oscula surrounded by a network of transparent surface channels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924273FFD9FF4DF8C4FAEDFA02" blockId="13.[151,1437,1616,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804273FFD9FF4DF8C4FEE4FA26" bold="true" box="[199,309,1832,1858]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Thick styles with heads embedded in basal spongin plate and nodes of spongin arising from it. Acanthostyles echinating spongin nodes. Thin styles present as dense, upright bouquets at sponge surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924273FFD9FF4DF89CFBCCFAEE" blockId="13.[151,1437,1616,2039]" box="[199,1053,1904,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804273FFD9FF4DF89CFEE1FAEE" bold="true" box="[199,304,1904,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Spicules.</emphasis>
Thick styles, thin straight styles, acanthostyles, palmate isochelae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924273FFD9FF4DF878FAC5FA92" blockId="13.[151,1437,1616,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
Thick styles: curved and tapering; some are weakly subtylote and have weakly spined heads.
<typeStatus id="115E88304273FFD9FA88F878FABBFACA" box="[1282,1386,1940,1966]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
had a few capsule or strongyle-shaped spicules that appeared to be aberrant styles with two rounded ends.
<typeStatus id="115E88304273FFD9FABEF854FA4DFAB6" box="[1332,1436,1976,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
3847441095 x 172938 μm (n=35), both samples combined 3847291095 x 72838 μm (n=40).
</paragraph>
<caption id="9A9A661A4270FFDAFF1DFB6BFD1BF9A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162383" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162383/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" startId="14.[151,250,1159,1183]" targetBox="[158,1430,181,1135]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924270FFDAFF1DFB6BFD1BF9A7" blockId="14.[151,1436,1159,1219]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFF1DFB6BFEDFF9FB" bold="true" box="[151,270,1159,1183]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFE96FB6BFE00F9FB" authorityName="Turner &amp; Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[284,465,1159,1183]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rumsena">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFE96FB6BFE00F9FB" box="[284,465,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Clathria rumsena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Field photo of holotype (A) and IZC00048437 (B). C: Cross section. D: Thick style. E: Thin style. F: Acanthostyles. G: Chelae. CG from holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924270FFDAFF4DFB00FC2DF84F" blockId="14.[151,1437,1260,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
Thin straight styles: straight; some have very weak tyles, but many unadorned.
<typeStatus id="115E88304270FFDAFBB5FB00FB76F862" box="[1087,1191,1260,1286]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
158292637 x 35 10 μm (n=138), both samples combined 158287637 x 3510 μm (n=155).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924270FFDAFF4DFAD8FE44F8F2" blockId="14.[151,1437,1260,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
Acanthostyles: heads densely covered in round bumplike spines; spines on shaft more pointed, curving towards head, most dense near tips.
<typeStatus id="115E88304270FFDAFE44FAB4FDE7F816" box="[462,566,1368,1394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
121188287 x 111520 μm (n=30), both samples combined 112188381 x 81527 μm (n=48).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924270FFDAFF4DFA4CFADDF8DF" blockId="14.[151,1437,1260,2043]" box="[199,1292,1440,1467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
Palmate isochelae:
<typeStatus id="115E88304270FFDAFE15FA4CFDD0F8DE" box="[415,513,1440,1466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
121517 μm (n=21), both samples combined 121620 μm (n=52).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194270FFDAFF4DFA28FE3DFB66" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924270FFDAFF4DFA28FE3DFB66" blockId="14.[151,1437,1260,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFF4DFA28FE3CF8BA" bold="true" box="[199,493,1476,1502]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Known from two samples, both collected on natural rocky reefs offshore of Pescadero Point, Carmel Bay,
<collectingRegion id="0C21F8704270FFDAFEF9FA04FE39FB66" box="[371,488,1512,1538]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">California</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194270FFDBFF4DF9E0FCD8FC79" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924270FFDAFF4DF9E0FE02FA22" blockId="14.[151,1437,1260,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFF4DF9E0FEEAFB42" bold="true" box="[199,315,1548,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFECEF9E0FDDAFB42" authorityName="Turner &amp; Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[324,523,1548,1574]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rumsena">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFECEF9E0FDDAFB42" box="[324,523,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Clathria rumsena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is differentiated from all other
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFCF9F9E0FC03FB42" box="[883,978,1548,1574]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFCF9F9E0FC03FB42" box="[883,978,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the region by having longer styles of all
<typeStatus id="115E88304270FFDAFF31F9DDFF27FB2F" box="[187,246,1585,1611]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">types</typeStatus>
(thick styles, thin styles, and acanthostyles). The most similar species is
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFBB8F9DCFF0AFB0A" authority="(de Laubenfels, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="asodes">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFBB8F9DCFB34FB2E" box="[1074,1253,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Clathria asodes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634270FFDAFB7FF9DCFF02FB0A" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref25197" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a thinly encrusting yellow species. In addition to the color difference, the maximum lengths of all
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFAA5F9B8FA4DFB0A" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1327,1436,1620,1646]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="asodes">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFAA5F9B8FA4DFB0A" box="[1327,1436,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">C. asodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spicule
<typeStatus id="115E88304270FFDAFF64F994FEF9FBF6" box="[238,296,1656,1682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">types</typeStatus>
—including chelae—are less than the average lengths for
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFC3EF994FBE4FBF6" authorityName="Turner &amp; Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[948,1077,1656,1682]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rumsena">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFC3EF994FBE4FBF6" box="[948,1077,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">C. rumsena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634270FFDAFBCFF994FAF6FBF6" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[1093,1319,1656,1682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref25222" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81, 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">de Laubenfels 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634270FFDAFAB9F995FF05FBD2" author="Lee, W. &amp; Elvin, D. &amp; Reiswig, H." pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refId="ref25268" refString="Lee, W., Elvin, D. &amp; Reiswig, H. (2007) The sponges of California: A guide and key to the marine sponges of California. Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation, Monterey, California, 395 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Lee
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFAEEF995FA4CFBF6" box="[1380,1437,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). All other thinly encrusting
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFD98F970FDA0FBD2" box="[530,625,1692,1718]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFD98F970FDA0FBD2" box="[530,625,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the region have qualitative as well as quantitative differences, such as lacking chelae (
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFEC2F92CFCD2FBBE" authority="(de Laubenfels, 1930))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[328,771,1728,1754]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pseudonapya">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFEC2F92CFE2DFBBE" box="[328,508,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">C. pseudonapya</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634270FFDAFD81F92CFD20FBBE" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[523,753,1728,1754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref25197" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
or having arcuate chelae (
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFBA0F92CFA49FBBE" authority="(de Laubenfels, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1066,1432,1728,1754]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brepha">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFBA0F92CFB49FBBE" box="[1066,1176,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">C. brepha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634270FFDAFB2DF92CFA41FBBE" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[1191,1424,1728,1754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref25197" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFF4CF908FD5FFB9A" authority="(de Laubenfels, 1930))" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[198,654,1764,1790]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spongigartina">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFF4CF908FE55FB9A" box="[198,388,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">C. spongigartina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634270FFDAFE19F908FDABFB9A" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[403,634,1764,1790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref25197" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
. Thickly encrusting
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFCFBF908FC01FB9A" box="[881,976,1764,1790]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFCFBF908FC01FB9A" box="[881,976,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the region differ in additional ways as well, such as lacking spines on large styles; these species are also genetically differentiated as shown in the phylogenies (figures 2 &amp; 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924270FFDAFF4DF8BCFC50FA9E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1260,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
The encrusting morphology and skeletal structure of this species are consistent with assignment to the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFF1DF899FEC8FAEA" box="[151,281,1909,1934]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Microciona">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFF1DF899FEC8FAEA" box="[151,281,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Microciona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The subgenus
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFE47F898FDE9FAEA" authorityName="Duchassaing de Fonbressin &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[461,568,1908,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Thalysias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFE47F898FDE9FAEA" box="[461,568,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Thalysias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also considered: this subgenus is defined by having two size classes of thin styles, with larger forms subectosomal, supporting brushes of small styles in the ectosome (
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634270FFDAFB31F875FA8EFAD6" author="Hooper, J. N. A." box="[1211,1375,1944,1971]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="432 - 468" refId="ref24810" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (2002 b) Family Microcionidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Springer, Boston, pp. 432 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 52" type="book chapter" year="2002">Hooper 2002b</bibRefCitation>
). The thin styles of
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114270FFDAFEA4F850FE7FFAB2" authorityName="Turner &amp; Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[302,430,1980,2006]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rumsena">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804270FFDAFEA4F850FE7FFAB2" box="[302,430,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">C. rumsena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found in a large size range, but have a continuous distribution with a single mode, and no evidence of a multi-layered ectosomal skeleton could be found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924271FFDBFF4DFF7BFCD8FC79" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114271FFDBFF4DFF7BFE5EFDD4" authority="Turner &amp; Lonhart, 2023" authorityName="Turner &amp; Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,399,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rumsena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804271FFDBFF4DFF7BFE5EFDD4" box="[199,399,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Clathria rumsena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FC91EA804271FFDBFE13FF7BFE25FDD5" bold="true" box="[409,500,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7A257FB4271FFDBFE13FF7BFE25FDD5" box="[409,500,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
cannot be identified in the field. In addition to the sympatric species of
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114271FFDBFABCFF7BFA44FDD5" box="[1334,1429,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804271FFDBFABCFF7BFA44FDD5" box="[1334,1429,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, several species of thinly encrusting
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114271FFDBFDAFFF57FDB9FDB1" authorityName="J E Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[549,616,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804271FFDBFDAFFF57FDB9FDB1" box="[549,616,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Antho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in the same habitats. Some average differences in color, patterning, and texture have been noted in specific locations, but overall, variability frustrates attempts to identify thinly encrusting red/orange sponges in the field in
<collectingRegion id="0C21F8704271FFDBFD1AFEEFFCD4FC79" box="[656,773,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">California</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>