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125 lines
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<document id="45087792E5E12C1BC8FAB16B80780CE2" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a11" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8095590" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CED4FE1B-3702-496B-9891-AEB5006F0D0E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1687788570017" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Atfy, Haytham El, Abeed, Qusay & Uhl, Dieter" docDate="2023" docId="BF7487C2FFB4FF84763BFC92BC18FA40" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.45.11.353-366.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 45 (11)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Botryococcus Kutzing 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="356" masterDocId="434DFFBAFFB1FF817516FF84B931FFEE" masterDocTitle="Non-pollen palynomorph and palynofacies assemblages from the Lower Cretaceous of Iraq: A glimpse into palaeobiology and palaeoenvironment" masterLastPageNumber="366" masterPageNumber="353" pageNumber="356" updateTime="1688045014708" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B41741C2F79EC523FEC7C483E1011822">
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<mods:title id="8FF34763B6EE851698874AB0B8A3E6DD">Non-pollen palynomorph and palynofacies assemblages from the Lower Cretaceous of Iraq: A glimpse into palaeobiology and palaeoenvironment</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E490765C51B7E824A4D0692C0A78EAE6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F30367896DB4D1EC1DA124355BC93C4D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="77B509261FB0FC31BCEFC62AAF740083">Atfy, Haytham El</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F56177D21A014CB5FEBEB4838E1E23B6">Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen (Germany) and Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura (Egypt)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2FCB540AEF75F45CC4DD2794E1A97596" type="email">el-atfy@daad-alumni.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D4FCDBEAE49074F867C026529446BF78">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="71A9EFE1DB8FAD20B1C33478A3191359">Abeed, Qusay</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1EFDA1A95880DCD06554D325DF71447B">Halliburton, 97 Jubillee Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX 14 4 RW (United Kingdom)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="96105BFD9CFBDB1DF08B490D92B55EB1" type="email">qusayabeed@googlemail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="2E0ADF099DAB7AFFB1ACEE6BA1DD1AA2" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="90B95D5B77FAE3EFE33BACD4265E846E">Uhl, Dieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C990D2F97C1F00FF80DBC8124E1860E">Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B0C9636AD7309CC67B69D941BD820796" type="email">dieter.uhl@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0ABA6657C0D185D94979CDB833CF712C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AA5AF71C9199569134176FEA6B129C15">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1FC2F848193D4DDFF1059DAEDA9626E0">
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<mods:date id="F8D84039B295B5B6972EA378AA45B64B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="068FBD418A63938E2B410EE2C64507F8">2023-06-22</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BDEC87389C1741CADAEF3DEDB91BBA6D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F0706492BE5761AA59BD333FC628F76C">45</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ED0E7E527C034EE9737D098B77AEBAB2">11</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="36C8D765384C821B50DFDC001C3C6E1B">353</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="6CCB467CC9867FDF2E1256F2AB0188F3" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="53F23CC083F1CA81B92259C1D7512DE8" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BF7487C2FFB4FF84763BFC92BC18FA40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8095606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8095606" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF7487C2FFB4FF84763BFC92BC18FA40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF7487C2FFB4FF84763BFC92BC18FA40" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<subSubSection id="7FC7655FFFB4FF84763BFC92BD55FCC1" box="[813,1124,789,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="376236D4FFB4FF84763BFC92BD55FCC1" blockId="5.[811,1457,726,1454]" box="[813,1124,789,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB4FF84763BFC92BD55FCC1" bold="true" box="[813,1124,789,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<taxonomicName id="F0DD4D57FFB4FF84763BFC92BD6EFCC1" ID-CoL="3BXK" ID-ENA="38880" authority="Kutzing, 1849" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1849" box="[813,1119,789,816]" class="Trebouxiophyceae" family="Botryococcaceae" genus="Botryococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trebouxiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB4FF84763BFC92BA87FCDE" bold="true" box="[813,950,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Botryococcus</emphasis>
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Kützing, 1849
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FC7655FFFB4FF84717DFC92BAE4FBE1" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" type="description">
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<paragraph id="376236D4FFB4FF84717DFC92BAE4FBE1" blockId="5.[811,1457,726,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<taxonomicName id="F0DD4D57FFB4FF84717DFC92BC2EFCDE" box="[1131,1311,790,816]" class="Trebouxiophyceae" family="Botryococcaceae" genus="Botryococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trebouxiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB4FF84717DFC92BDDAFCC1" box="[1131,1259,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Botryococcus</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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colonies present in the samples are of variable size, ranging from 100 to 150 µm, and appear as moderately degraded botryoidal colonies that lack clear cup shapes, and are highly fluorescent (
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<figureCitation id="AFE62A51FFB4FF84767FFC11BA97FC41" box="[873,934,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1578,1595]" captionTargetBox="[133,1455,215,1535]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[698,1267,782,1353]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — The palynological assemblage of the Yamama Formation: A, colony of degraded Botryococcus Kützing, 1849 seen in transmitted white light. Note characteristic globular outline and lustrous yellow colour;09-262-2_P47;B, isolated coenobium of degraded Botryococcus colony seen in transmitted white light; 09-234-1_P35; C, colony of Botryococcus fluorescing under incident blue light illumination, the globular outline of the cells is very clear however, the cell cups are not clearly visible; 09-234_P35; D, Palambages sp., 09-242-3_P36; E, Palambages sp., 09-262-2_W40, arrow refers to loophole (= Schlüpfloch of Gocht & Wille 1972); F, Palambages sp., 09-262-3_G36, arrow refers to loophole (= Schlüpfloch of Gocht & Wille 1972); G, Palambages sp., 09-262-3_G40, arrows refer to loophole (= Schlüpfloch of Gocht & Wille 1972); H, marine prasinophyte phycoma of the genus Pterospermella Eisenack, 1972, 09-262-1_H53; I, dinocyst Batioladinium micropodum (Eisenack & Cookson, 1960) Brideaux, 1975, 09-234-1_R56; J, dinocyst, 09-234-1_M50; K, dinocyst, Cribroperidinium sp., 09-234- 1_N53; L, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-255-3_G53; M, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-262-3_T37; N, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-234-3_S51; O, Leiosphaeridia sp., 09-255, arrow points to a possible encystment opening. Scale bars: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8095596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8095596/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A-C). They are proportionally more abundant in samples 09-243 and 09-262, less proportionally abundant in sample 09-234, and are absent in samples 09-242 and 09-255 (
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<figureCitation id="AFE62A51FFB4FF84769FFC70BAF4FBE1" box="[905,965,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1092,1109]" captionTargetBox="[137,1455,218,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-475@6.[698,1267,215,773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Quantitative representation of the percentages for the recorded NPPs in the studied samples: A, 09-234; B, 09-242; C, 09-243; D, 09-255; E, 09-262." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8095594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8095594/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FC7655FFFB4FF8476CCFC71BD93FB00" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="376236D4FFB4FF8476CCFC71BD93FB00" blockId="5.[811,1457,726,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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<taxonomicName id="F0DD4D57FFB4FF8476CCFC71BD68FBE0" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1849" box="[986,1113,1013,1038]" class="Trebouxiophyceae" family="Botryococcaceae" genus="Botryococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trebouxiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB4FF8476CCFC71BD68FBE0" box="[986,1113,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Botryococcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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colonies of the planktonic green algal genus are well-known as fossils, extending back to the Precambrian (
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB4FF8476D2FBB1BDF6FBA0" author="Batten & Grenfell" box="[964,1223,1076,1103]" firstAuthor="Batten" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="205 - 214" refId="ref8233" refString="BATTEN D. J. & GRENFELL H. R. 1996. - Chapter 7 D. Botryococcus, in JANSONIUS J. & MCGREGOR D. C. (eds), Palynology: Principles and Applications. Vol. 1. AASP Foundation, Dallas: 205 - 214." type="book chapter" year="1996">Batten & Grenfell 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="F0DD4D57FFB4FF8471CAFBB1BC6DFBA0" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1849" box="[1244,1372,1077,1102]" class="Trebouxiophyceae" family="Botryococcaceae" genus="Botryococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trebouxiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB4FF8471CAFBB1BC6DFBA0" box="[1244,1372,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Botryococcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is most often found in freshwater bogs, temporary ponds, pools, and lakes, however, considerable abundances are known to occur in variable saline/brackish water supporting its cosmopolitan habitat (
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB4FF847690FB30BDB3FB20" author="Batten & Grenfell" box="[902,1154,1204,1230]" firstAuthor="Batten" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="205 - 214" refId="ref8233" refString="BATTEN D. J. & GRENFELL H. R. 1996. - Chapter 7 D. Botryococcus, in JANSONIUS J. & MCGREGOR D. C. (eds), Palynology: Principles and Applications. Vol. 1. AASP Foundation, Dallas: 205 - 214." type="book chapter" year="1996">Batten & Grenfell 1996</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB4FF847198FB30BC68FB20" author="Senousy" box="[1166,1369,1204,1230]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Senousy" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="412 - 423" refId="ref10699" refString="SENOUSY H. H., BEAKES G. W. & HACK E. 2004. - Phylogenetic placement of Botryococcus braunii (Trebouxiophyceae) and Botryococcus sudeticus Isolate Utex 2629 (Chlorophyceae). Journal of Phycology 40: 412 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1529 - 8817.2004.03173. x" type="journal article" year="2004">
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Senousy
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB4FF8471FDFB31BC2DFB20" box="[1259,1308,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB4FF847072FB30BAAEFB00" author="Kumar" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kumar" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="462 - 471" refId="ref9524" refString="KUMAR M., MONGA P., SHUKLA A. & MEHROTRA R. C. 2017. - Botryococcus from the early Eocene lignite mines of western India: inferences on morphology, taphonomy and palaeoenvironment. Palynology 41: 462 - 471. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01916122.20 16.1259667" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB4FF84763BFB50BA51FB00" box="[813,864,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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and references therein).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FC7655FFFB4FF847655FB77BC18FA40" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="376236D4FFB4FF847655FB77BC18FA40" blockId="5.[811,1457,726,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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Although
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<taxonomicName id="F0DD4D57FFB4FF8476B9FB70BD1EFAE3" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1849" box="[943,1071,1268,1293]" class="Trebouxiophyceae" family="Botryococcaceae" genus="Botryococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Trebouxiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="05A9EAC6FFB4FF8476B9FB70BD1EFAE3" box="[943,1071,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Botryococcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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coenobia have little biostratigraphic value, the fossil forms can be used, through analogy with the living microalga, to elucidate palaeoecological and climatic conditions and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB4FF84763BFAF7BDB9FA63" author="Guy-Ohlson & Lindstrom" box="[813,1160,1395,1421]" firstAuthor="Guy-Ohlson" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="507 - 515" refId="ref9174" refString="GUY-OHLSON D. & LINDSTROM S. 1994. - Palaeoecology of the Early Permian strata at Heimefrontfjella, Dronning Maud Land. Antarctic Science 6: 507 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102094000763" type="journal article" year="1994">Guy-Ohlson & Lindström 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). In addition, they generate liquid hydrocarbons (
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<bibRefCitation id="534C4B25FFB4FF847100FA10BC2BFA43" author="Batten & Grenfell" box="[1046,1306,1427,1454]" firstAuthor="Batten" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="205 - 214" refId="ref8233" refString="BATTEN D. J. & GRENFELL H. R. 1996. - Chapter 7 D. Botryococcus, in JANSONIUS J. & MCGREGOR D. C. (eds), Palynology: Principles and Applications. Vol. 1. AASP Foundation, Dallas: 205 - 214." type="book chapter" year="1996">Batten & Grenfell 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |