treatments-xml/data/85/4E/61/854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378.xml

<document id="41903A44A818CF67CB3F813A691BF6B8" ID-CLB-Dataset="55192" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5813e930-f2ad-4789-964c-becb2a2828f1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918782" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1683700435296" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh &amp; Kaya, Yusuf" docDate="2023" docId="854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.597.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 597 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Centaurea serowensis Negaresh 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="797719416F5EBC27FF99FFD9FF8CC25C" masterDocTitle="A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1699504099541" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="83614B96DECDB4DDC08EF03982CFE86C">A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="034ACE808A5AFD5AD7C91D50449806BB">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="49B39F94506D2F24FD715F63C4169D68">Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="05D0551FC4C1EF6DFD4537247FC6580A">Yousefi, Zohreh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="53772F3539528AE44BA4638D583ED538">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1B3903E210E0DCED9312938D8BFD3E15">Kaya, Yusuf</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A422C1B2917E8393957494EEF73DFE00">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="69BF3B63FC0E4040B85395F0AE8C76BA">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7921723" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209616465" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7921723" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection id="45FD83A46F5FBC26FF11FDADFD51C0D2" box="[136,733,628,654]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5FBC26FF11FDADFD51C0D2" blockId="1.[136,733,628,654]" box="[136,733,628,654]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="561067436F5FBC26FF11FDADFD51C0D2" box="[136,733,628,654]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5FBC26FF11FDADFE75C0D2" ID-CoL="BRHMH" authority="Negaresh" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,505,628,654]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FF11FDADFE08C0D2" bold="true" box="[136,388,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Centaurea serowensis</emphasis>
Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FD9DFDADFDD6C0D2" bold="true" box="[516,602,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24A0B1466F5FBC26FD9DFDADFDD6C0D2" box="[516,602,628,654]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95DCCCAA6F5FBC26FDF2FDADFD3BC0D2" box="[619,695,628,654]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,234,1990,2012]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1003,1966]" captionTargetId="figure-385@1.[151,1436,1003,1966]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Centaurea serowensis Negaresh (Negaresh &amp; Asadbegi 321, KHAU). Scale: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="95DCCCAA6F5FBC26FD5CFDADFD58C0D2" box="[709,724,628,654]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1103,1125]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-28@2.[151,1436,190,1079]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Centaurea serowensis Negaresh (Negaresh &amp; Asadbegi 321, KHAU). A. close-up of capitulum.B. sterile achene.C–E. fertile achenes with pappus. F. indumentum of leaf. Scale A–E = 6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918786/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">2</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45FD83A46F5FBC26FF11FD19FABBC0A5" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5FBC26FF11FD19FABBC0A5" blockId="1.[136,1452,704,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FF11FD19FF4EC089" bold="true" box="[136,194,704,725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Type:</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="BD8FDA726F5FBC26FF42FD19FC66C0A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4104371302" collectingDate="2014-07-07" collectorName="Negaresh &amp; Asadbegi" country="Iran" county="Silvana" elevation="2150" latitude="37.67917" location="Serow-Neychalan" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="44.795277" municipality="Serow" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="75F090BF6F5FBC26FF42FD19FE94C089" box="[219,280,704,725]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="CF231ECD6F5FBC26FEC1FD19FE74C08A" box="[344,504,704,726]" country="Iran" name="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">West Azerbaijan</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="E439A8A36F5FBC26FD98FD19FDC5C08A" box="[513,585,704,726]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Silvana</collectingCounty>
toward 
<collectingMunicipality id="ED3C4A556F5FBC26FD0EFD19FD59C089" box="[663,725,704,725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Serow</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="083886F46F5FBC26FD46FD19FC07C08A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378:083886F46F5FBC26FD46FD19FC07C08A" box="[735,907,704,726]" country="Iran" county="Silvana" latitude="37.67917" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="44.795277" municipality="Serow" name="Serow-Neychalan" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi">Serow-Neychalan</location>
bifurcate, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FC68FD19FBAEC08A" box="[1009,1058,704,726]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
to 
<location id="083886F46F5FBC26FBD9FD19FB7CC08A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378:083886F46F5FBC26FBD9FD19FB7CC08A" box="[1088,1264,704,726]" country="Iran" county="Silvana" latitude="37.67917" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="44.795277" municipality="Serow" name="Neychalan village" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi">Neychalan village</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="68D3B6E86F5FBC26FB60FD19FA0CC089" box="[1273,1408,704,726]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" precision="15" seconds="45" value="37.67917">37° 40’ 45” N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="68D3B6E86F5FBC26FA13FD19FE97C0A5" degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" precision="15" seconds="43" value="44.795277">44° 47’ 43” E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FEBCFD3DFE20C0A5" box="[293,428,740,761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2100.0">
<elevation id="86CA371C6F5FBC26FEBCFD3DFE20C0A5" box="[293,428,740,761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2100.0">2100–2200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="7959F6EF6F5FBC26FE2FFD3DFDA4C0A5" box="[438,552,740,762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2014-07-07">
<collectingDate id="691D0F076F5FBC26FE2FFD3DFDA4C0A5" box="[438,552,740,762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2014-07-07">7 July 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FDABFD3DFCA2C0A5" box="[562,814,740,761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<collectorName id="A012B5F96F5FBC26FDABFD3DFD01C0A5" box="[562,653,740,761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Negaresh</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="A012B5F96F5FBC26FD32FD3DFC88C0A5" box="[683,772,740,761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Asadbegi</collectorName>
321
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="D25C6E8D6F5FBC26FCA2FD3DFC1DC0A6" box="[827,913,740,762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
KHAU!,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="BD8FDA726F5FBC26FC69FD3DFABEC0A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4104371301" box="[1008,1330,740,762]" collectingDate="2014-07-07" collectorName="Negaresh &amp; Asadbegi" country="Iran" county="Silvana" elevation="2150" latitude="37.67917" location="Serow-Neychalan" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="44.795277" municipality="Serow" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi" typeStatus="isotype">isotypes FUMH!, HUI!, KHAU!)</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45FD83A46F5FBC24FF11FCDEFD1EC280" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5FBC26FF11FCDEFAE6C18E" blockId="1.[136,1452,704,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FF11FCDEFF7FC141" bold="true" box="[136,243,775,797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5FBC26FE92FCD1FE52C141" box="[267,478,776,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FE92FCD1FE52C141" box="[267,478,776,797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Centaurea serowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5FBC26FDC4FCD1FD26C141" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1843" box="[605,682,776,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydia">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FDC4FCD1FD26C141" box="[605,682,776,797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">C. lydia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs mainly in its plant dwarf, 
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height (
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FA82FCD1FAA3C141" box="[1307,1327,776,797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">vs</emphasis>
. 10–35(–45) cm height), leaves indumentum loosely arachnoid (
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FD3FFCF5FD36C11D" box="[678,698,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">vs</emphasis>
. subglabrous, scabrous, ± tomentose especially on upper side), basal and lower cauline leaves ca. 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FEF7FC89FE39C139" box="[366,437,848,870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FE5DFC89FE54C139" box="[452,472,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">vs</emphasis>
. 10–15(–30) cm) long, involucres ovoid, 15–20(–25) × (12–) 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FBB0FC89FB1EC139" box="[1065,1170,848,870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FB38FC89FB39C139" box="[1185,1205,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">vs</emphasis>
. globose, 25–35 × 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FAF6FC89FF6AC1D5" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="22.0">22–35 mm</quantity>
), phyllaries indumentum loosely arachnoid (
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FD14FCADFD2DC1D5" box="[653,673,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">vs</emphasis>
. glabrescent), appendages medium-sized, concealing partly of phyllaries only (
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FA08FCADFA29C1D5" box="[1425,1445,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">vs</emphasis>
. large, totally concealing the phyllaries), inner phyllaries 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FD41FC41FCB2C1F1" box="[728,830,920,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10–13 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FCD5FC41FCECC1F1" box="[844,864,920,941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FCF5FC41FC58C1F1" box="[876,980,920,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="20.0">20–28 mm</quantity>
) long, median appendages triangular, 8–15 × 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FA1EFC41FF6EC18D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
(cilia excluded) (
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FE14FC65FE2DC18D" box="[397,417,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">vs</emphasis>
. orbicular, 20–35(–40) × 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FD01FC65FD7FC18D" box="[664,755,956,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 mm</quantity>
(cilia excluded)), central florets 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FBB7FC65FB19C18D" box="[1070,1173,956,978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25–27 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FB3AFC65FB3BC18D" box="[1187,1207,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5FBC26FB5AFC65FAA0C18D" box="[1219,1324,956,978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="32.0">32–35 mm</quantity>
) long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="599880A76F5FBC26FF11F81FFBAFC580" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918784" box="[136,1059,1990,2013]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" startId="1.[136,234,1990,2012]" targetBox="[151,1436,1003,1966]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5FBC26FF11F81FFBAFC580" blockId="1.[136,1059,1990,2013]" box="[136,1059,1990,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FF11F81FFE8FC580" bold="true" box="[136,259,1990,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5FBC26FE91F81EFDB0C581" authority="Negaresh" authorityName="Negaresh" box="[264,572,1991,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FE91F81EFE57C580" box="[264,475,1991,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Centaurea serowensis</emphasis>
Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5FBC26FDD3F81EFCCBC580" box="[586,839,1991,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Negaresh &amp; Asadbegi 321</emphasis>
, KHAU). Scale: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="599880A76F5CBC25FF11FB96FD72C6D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918786" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918786/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" startId="2.[136,234,1103,1125]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1079]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5CBC25FF11FB96FD72C6D5" blockId="2.[136,1451,1103,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5CBC25FF11FB96FE8DC638" bold="true" box="[136,257,1103,1125]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5CBC25FE9FFB89FDBBC639" authority="Negaresh" authorityName="Negaresh" box="[262,567,1103,1125]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5CBC25FE9FFB89FE5BC639" box="[262,471,1104,1125]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Centaurea serowensis</emphasis>
Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5CBC25FDDAFB96FCB7C639" box="[579,827,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Negaresh &amp; Asadbegi 321</emphasis>
, KHAU). 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5CBC25FC07FB96FC23C638" bold="true" box="[926,943,1103,1124]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
. close-up of capitulum. 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5CBC25FB0AFB89FB2FC639" bold="true" box="[1171,1187,1104,1125]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
. sterile achene. 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5CBC25FAA3FB96FAEBC639" bold="true" box="[1338,1383,1103,1125]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">C–E</emphasis>
. fertile achenes with pappus. 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5CBC25FEC2FBADFEE6C6D5" bold="true" box="[347,362,1140,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">F</emphasis>
. indumentum of leaf. Scale 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5CBC25FDE0FBAAFD2AC6D5" bold="true" box="[633,678,1139,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">A–E</emphasis>
= 6 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5CBC24FF11FB61FD1EC280" blockId="2.[136,1452,1208,2062]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,158,797]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5CBC25FF11FB61FEABC68E" bold="true" box="[136,295,1208,1234]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Descriptions:</emphasis>
—Perennial plant with a woody base and long string-like roots (up to 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FBD7FB61FB15C68E" box="[1102,1177,1208,1235]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
), dwarf, usually opaque green all over, with remains of stems and leaf bases of the previous year. Stems ca. 1 to 2, simple or branched in basal part, ascending, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FEDAFAD9FE14C746" box="[323,408,1280,1306]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 cm</quantity>
tall, ca. 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FE65FAD9FDFCC746" box="[508,624,1280,1307]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter at base, with thin yellowish striations, densely covered with arachnoid hairs. Leaves rigid, often divided, loosely covered with arachnoid hairs, up to 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FBC7FAFDFB12C762" box="[1118,1182,1316,1343]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, densely on midrib and veins, rarely mixed with sessile glands. Basal and lower cauline leaves small, ca. 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FBCEFA91FB27C73E" box="[1111,1195,1352,1379]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 cm</quantity>
long, lyrate, segments in 1–2 pairs; terminal segments much larger, lanceolate-oblong, 3–4 × 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FC29FAB5FB91C7DA" box="[944,1053,1388,1414]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2 cm</quantity>
, coarsely tooted at margins; lateral segments narrowly lanceolate, obtuse at apex; rarely simple. Median and upper cauline leaves with short petiole or sessile, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FF44FA6DFEA3C792" box="[221,303,1460,1487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 cm</quantity>
long, pinnatisect or lyrate, segments in 5–7 pairs; terminal segments larger, triangular to lanceolate, 1.5– 1.8 × 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FF50FA01FEBFC7AE" box="[201,307,1496,1522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="1.4" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2 cm</quantity>
, coarsely tooted at margins; lateral segments narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate (often additional small segments between the larger ones), entire or denticulate, acute at apex. Capitula heterogamous, solitary at end of branches, sessile or with short peduncle up to 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FD1EF9F9FD4DC466" box="[647,705,1568,1594]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
. Involucres ovoid, concave at base, 15–20(–25) × (12–) 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FAB2F9F9FA24C466" box="[1323,1448,1568,1595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
. Phyllaries multiseriate, coriaceous, imbricate, green, loosely covered with arachnoid hairs. Outer phyllaries ovate, 2–4 × 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FF39F9B1FE9AC4DE" box="[160,278,1640,1667]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
; median phyllaries broadly ovate to oblong, 6–10 × 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FCFFF9B1FC4BC4DE" box="[870,967,1640,1666]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
; inner phyllaries oblong or linear, 10–13 × 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FF11F955FF66C4FA" box="[136,234,1676,1702]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
, with a hyaline border. Appendages medium-sized, concealing partly of phyllaries only, ciliate, decurrent, straw-coloured or light brown, triangular, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FDF7F969FD42C496" box="[622,718,1712,1738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
wide at base (cilia excluded), the median ones 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FB62F969FAE5C496" box="[1275,1385,1712,1739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8–15 mm</quantity>
long, the inner ones suborbicular and spineless; cilia whitish, scabrous, numerous, 8–12 on each side, (1–) 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FA9EF90DFAE6C4B2" box="[1287,1386,1748,1774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
long, suberect; spine robust, brownish, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FD90F921FDE4C54E" box="[521,616,1784,1811]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
long (in middle appendages), longer than adjacent cilia. Flowers pink or purple; central florets hermaphrodite, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FDADF8C5FD21C56A" box="[564,685,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25–27 mm</quantity>
long, with 5 equal and acute lobes, with deeply orange nerves, tube yellow; anther tube slightly shorter than corolla, apical appendages acute; stigma deeply purple, longer than corolla, up to 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FF5EF8BDFE86C522" box="[199,266,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, symmetrically bifid, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FE67F8BDFD09C522" box="[510,645,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
long, pubescent; peripheral florets sterile, 4-lobed, limb lobe linear, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FA18F8BDFF38C5FE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long, slightly radiant, slightly longer than the central ones. Receptacle umbilicate, setose, with 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FB6EF851FAFDC5FE" box="[1271,1393,1928,1954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
long smooth bristles. Achenes dimorphic; fertile achenes oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FBBAF875FB27C59A" box="[1059,1195,1964,1990]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="4.2">4.2–4.8 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FB6AF875FAEAC59A" box="[1267,1382,1964,1990]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2 mm</quantity>
wide, laterally compressed, whitish, smooth, rounded at apex, densely sericeous; insertion areole lateral, ca. 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FB63F809FAE0C5B6" box="[1274,1388,2000,2026]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
long; pappus double, persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, whitish, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5CBC25FC89F82DFCE1CA52" box="[784,877,2036,2062]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
long, bristles of inner rows much shorter than outer ones, ca. 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5DBC24FF68FF47FECBC2E5" box="[241,327,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long. Sterile achenes cylindrical, yellowish, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5DBC24FCD9FF47FC3EC2E5" box="[832,946,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="4.6" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.0">4–5.2 mm</quantity>
long; pappus double, ca. 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5DBC24FB4BFF47FA9FC2E5" box="[1234,1299,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, bristles of inner rows much shorter, sometimes absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45FD83A46F5DBC24FF24FF3FFB88C07C" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5DBC24FF24FF3FFB31C35C" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,797]" box="[189,1213,230,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF24FF3FFEC4C35C" bold="true" box="[189,328,230,256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet refers to Serow town, where the new species was found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5DBC24FF24FED3FC70C378" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,797]" box="[189,1020,266,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF24FED3FECFC378" bold="true" box="[189,323,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Flowering from May to June and fruiting from June to July.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5DBC24FF24FEF7FC45C330" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="BD8FDA726F5DBC24FF24FEF7FC4FC330" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4104350410" collectingDate="2014-07-01" collectionCode="KHAU" country="Iran" elevation="2150" latitude="37.680557" location="Serow" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="44.796665" municipality="Silvana" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF24FEF7FEB3C314" bold="true" box="[189,319,302,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="D25C6E8D6F5DBC24FF24FEF7FEB5C314" box="[189,313,302,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
— 
<collectingCountry id="75F090BF6F5DBC24FEC5FEF7FE2FC314" box="[348,419,302,328]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="CF231ECD6F5DBC24FE74FEF6FD25C314" box="[493,681,302,329]" country="Iran" name="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">West Azerbaijan</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="ED3C4A556F5DBC24FD2AFEF7FC8BC314" box="[691,775,302,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Silvana</collectingMunicipality>
toward 
<location id="083886F46F5DBC24FCFBFEF7FC27C314" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378:083886F46F5DBC24FCFBFEF7FC27C314" box="[866,939,302,328]" country="Iran" latitude="37.680557" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="44.796665" municipality="Silvana" name="Serow" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi">Serow</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="68D3B6E86F5DBC24FC2FFEF7FBD8C315" box="[950,1108,302,329]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" precision="15" seconds="50" value="37.680557">37° 40’ 50” N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="68D3B6E86F5DBC24FBC6FEF7FB76C315" box="[1119,1274,302,329]" degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" precision="15" seconds="48" value="44.796665">44° 47’ 48” E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5DBC24FA9CFEF7FAD0C315" box="[1285,1372,302,329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2150.0">
<elevation id="86CA371C6F5DBC24FA9CFEF7FAD0C315" box="[1285,1372,302,329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2150.0">2150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="7959F6EF6F5DBC24FAF1FEF7FF4FC330" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" value="2014-07-01">
<collectingDate id="691D0F076F5DBC24FAF1FEF7FF4FC330" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" value="2014-07-01">1 July 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF57FE8BFE00C330" box="[206,396,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Negaresh et al. 3</emphasis>
22 (
<collectionCode id="6BF648EA6F5DBC24FE2EFE8BFD86C330" box="[439,522,338,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">KHAU</collectionCode>
!, HUI!); 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FDEDFE8BFCC2C330" box="[628,846,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Negaresh et al. 323</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="6BF648EA6F5DBC24FCC4FE8BFC3CC330" box="[861,944,338,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">KHAU</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5DBC24FF24FEAFFB88C07C" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF24FEAFFE30C3CC" bold="true" box="[189,444,374,400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Conservation status:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FE40FEAEFD5BC3CC" box="[473,727,375,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FE40FEAEFD5BC3CC" box="[473,727,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Centaurea serowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the 
<typeStatus id="D25C6E8D6F5DBC24FB87FEAEFBC2C3CD" box="[1054,1102,375,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
locality. After detailed field investigations, no other population was found in the surrounding area. The only known population covers an area of ca. 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5DBC24FF11FE67FF50C385" box="[136,220,446,473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="86CA371C6F5DBC24FF11FE67FF50C385" box="[136,220,446,473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
<superScript id="FA927D676F5DBC24FF45FE67FF68C390" attach="left" box="[220,228,446,460]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">2</superScript>
and consists of ca. 80 individuals. Possible threats include deterioration of habitats (erosion), the location near a human settlement and restricted distribution. According to the IUCN red list categories and criteria (
<specimenCode id="5D4178546F5DBC24FB6FFE3BFAF3C3A0" box="[1270,1407,482,508]" collectionCode="IUCN" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">IUCN 2012</specimenCode>
), 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FA0BFE3AFE8EC07C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FA0BFE3AFE8EC07C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">C. serowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) [criterion B2ab].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45FD83A46F5DBC21FF24FDF3FC74C378" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5DBC24FF24FDF3FCF0C141" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF24FDF3FDDCC018" bold="true" box="[189,592,554,580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Distribution, habitat and ecology:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FDF5FDF2FCEFC018" box="[620,867,555,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FDF5FDF2FCEFC018" box="[620,867,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Centaurea serowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare endemic of 
<collectingRegion id="CF231ECD6F5DBC24FBD4FDF2FAFEC018" box="[1101,1394,554,581]" country="Iran" name="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">West Azerbaijan Province</collectingRegion>
, NW 
<collectingCountry id="75F090BF6F5DBC24FF11FD96FF39C035" box="[136,181,591,617]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="95DCCCAA6F5DBC24FF51FD97FE83C034" box="[200,271,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[184,1376,835,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-315@3.[177,1411,821,1536]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Centaurea serowensis (square), C. lydia (stars), C. bojnordensis (triangles) and C. urvillei subsp. deinacantha (circles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918788/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). It is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on rocky slopes, gravel slopes, in high-montane zone, at elevations of 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5DBC24FEB8FDABFE31C0D1" box="[289,445,626,653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2100.0">2100–2200 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="95DCCCAA6F5DBC24FE57FDABFD9CC0D0" box="[462,528,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,234,1990,2012]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1003,1966]" captionTargetId="figure-385@1.[151,1436,1003,1966]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Centaurea serowensis Negaresh (Negaresh &amp; Asadbegi 321, KHAU). Scale: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918784/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). In addition, some other plants that occurred in the area were 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FB44FDAAFA29C0D0" box="[1245,1445,626,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Pistacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FB44FDAAFA29C0D0" box="[1245,1445,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Pistacia atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FF11FD4EFEC4C0EC" box="[136,328,663,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvense">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF11FD4EFEC4C0EC" box="[136,328,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Cirsium arvense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FEC7FD4FFDDAC0EC" box="[350,598,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gundelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tournefortii">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FEC7FD4FFDDAC0EC" box="[350,598,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Gundelia tournefortii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FDF5FD4EFB9AC0EC" box="[620,1046,662,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="virgata" subSpecies="squarrosa">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FDF5FD4EFCCCC0EC" box="[620,832,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Centaurea virgata</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FC3CFD4EFB9AC0EC" box="[933,1046,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">squarrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FBB2FD4EFAA1C0EC" box="[1067,1325,663,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Taraxacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FBB2FD4EFAA1C0EC" box="[1067,1325,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Taraxacum montanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FADAFD4FFE8DC088" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Echinops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FADAFD4FFE8DC088" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Echinops polygamus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FE94FD62FE65C088" box="[269,489,699,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austriaca">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FE94FD62FE65C088" box="[269,489,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Artemisia austriaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FE6DFD62FD32C088" box="[500,702,698,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Myosotis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpestris">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FE6DFD62FD32C088" box="[500,702,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Myosotis alpestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FD53FD63FC39C088" box="[714,949,698,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Alyssum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dasycarpum">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FD53FD63FC39C088" box="[714,949,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Alyssum dasycarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FC58FD63FB36C088" box="[961,1210,698,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopoides">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FC58FD63FB36C088" box="[961,1210,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Astragalus lagopoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FB5FFD63FA28C088" box="[1222,1444,698,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Onobrychis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FB5FFD63FA28C088" box="[1222,1444,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Onobrychis cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FF11FD07FE2BC0A4" box="[136,423,734,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Marrubium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="astracanicum">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF11FD07FE2BC0A4" box="[136,423,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Marrubium astracanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FE2CFD07FDF5C0A4" box="[437,633,734,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Ziziphora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuior">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FE2CFD07FDF5C0A4" box="[437,633,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Ziziphora tenuior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FD1FFD06FCDCC0A4" box="[646,848,734,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Papaver" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientale">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FD1FFD06FCDCC0A4" box="[646,848,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Papaver orientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FCC7FD06FB92C0A4" box="[862,1054,735,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tectorum">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FCC7FD06FB92C0A4" box="[862,1054,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Bromus tectorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FBB2FD07FB73C0A4" box="[1067,1279,734,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hordeum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marinum">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FBB2FD07FB73C0A4" box="[1067,1279,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Hordeum marinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FA95FD06FA29C0A4" box="[1292,1445,734,761]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbata">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FA95FD06FA29C0A4" box="[1292,1445,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Stipa barbata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FF11FCDBFEF5C140" box="[136,377,770,796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Amygdalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyscioides">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF11FCDBFEF5C140" box="[136,377,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Amygdalus lyscioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FE11FCDBFDFDC140" box="[392,625,770,796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Crucianella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilanica">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FE11FCDBFDFDC140" box="[392,625,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Crucianella gilanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FDE7FCDBFCF9C140" box="[638,885,770,796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="speciosum">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FDE7FCDBFCF9C140" box="[638,885,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Verbascum speciosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="599880A76F5DBC24FF11F9C0FF52C40F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918788" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918788/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" startId="3.[136,234,1561,1583]" targetBox="[184,1376,835,1533]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5DBC24FF11F9C0FF52C40F" blockId="3.[136,1452,1561,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF11F9C0FE8EC472" bold="true" box="[136,258,1561,1583]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FE00F9C3FDE7C473" box="[409,619,1562,1583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FE00F9C3FDE7C473" box="[409,619,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Centaurea serowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(square), 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FD53F9C3FC9AC472" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1843" box="[714,790,1561,1583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydia">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FD53F9C3FC9AC472" box="[714,790,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">C. lydia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(stars), 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FCFBF9C3FC74C472" authorityName="Ranjbar, Negaresh &amp; Joharchi" authorityYear="2014" box="[866,1016,1561,1583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bojnordensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FCFBF9C3FC74C472" box="[866,1016,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">C. bojnordensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangles) and 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FB14F9C3FA20C472" box="[1165,1452,1561,1583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="urvillei" subSpecies="deinacantha">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FB14F9C3FB61C472" box="[1165,1261,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">C. urvillei</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FAACF9C0FA20C472" box="[1333,1452,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">deinacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5DBC24FF24F95BFCA0C528" blockId="3.[136,1452,1666,2088]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF24F95BFEE5C4C0" bold="true" box="[189,361,1666,1692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Relationships:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FE1CF95BFDF7C4C0" box="[389,635,1666,1692]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FE1CF95BFDF7C4C0" box="[389,635,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Centaurea serowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FD66F95BFC95C4C0" box="[767,793,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">C.</emphasis>
sect. 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FCC3F95BFC68C4C0" authorityName="Candolle" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Cassini" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[858,996,1666,1692]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Acrocentron">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FCC3F95BFC68C4C0" box="[858,996,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Acrocentron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which includes taxa with stems usually branched in the upper part, lyrate or pinnatisect to bipinnate, not decurrent leaves, few medium-sized or large capitula, oblong-ovoid to subglobose involucres, purple or yellow flowers, and decurrent appendages ending in a spine (
<bibRefCitation id="6976ADDE6F5DBC24FAD9F913FF4FC555" author="Wagenitz, G." pageId="3" pageNumber="40" pagination="465 - 585" refId="ref10862" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1975) Centaurea L. In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 5. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 465 - 585." type="book chapter" year="1975">Wagenitz 1975</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="6976ADDE6F5DBC24FF54F937FE84C554" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[205,264,1774,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" pagination="313 - 420" refId="ref10909" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1980) Centaurea L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 139 b. Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 313 - 420." type="book chapter" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="6976ADDE6F5DBC24FE8BF937FDCBC554" author="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Negaresh, K." box="[274,583,1774,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" pagination="50 - 60" refId="ref10359" refString="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Negaresh, K. (2013 b) A contribution to Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 149: 50 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 149.1.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 2013b</bibRefCitation>
). It is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FD6EF937FBA1C554" authority="Boissier (1843: 20)" authorityName="Boissier" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1843" box="[759,1069,1774,1800]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydia">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FD6EF937FCC3C554" box="[759,847,1774,1800]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">C. lydia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6976ADDE6F5DBC24FCCCF937FBA1C554" author="Boissier, E." box="[853,1069,1774,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" refId="ref9427" refString="Boissier, E. (1843) Diagnosis Plantarum Orientalium Novarum, ser. 1, vol. 4. Lipsia [Leipzig], 86 pp." type="book" year="1843">Boissier (1843: 20)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is endemic to W 
<collectingCountry id="75F090BF6F5DBC24FAA2F937FA00C554" box="[1339,1420,1774,1800]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, in dissection of leaves, color of flowers, width of achenes and length of bristles of the inner rows of pappus (
<figureCitation id="95DCCCAA6F5DBC24FAB6F8CBFAFEC570" box="[1327,1394,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,234,2005,2027]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,190,1981]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[178,1410,190,1981]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Centaurea lydia Boissier (Boissier s.n., G-BOIS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918790/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), but differs in some important characters (see 
<tableCitation id="4065E5946F5DBC24FDC5F8EFFD22C50C" box="[604,686,1846,1872]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,219,162,183]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic morphological characters of Centaurea serowensis, C. lydia, C. bojnordensis and C. urvillei subsp. deinacantha." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/599880A76F5BBC22FF11FF7BFA12C2EB" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" tableUuid="599880A76F5BBC22FF11FF7BFA12C2EB">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FCFBF8EFFC72C50C" box="[866,1022,1846,1872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FCFBF8EFFC72C50C" box="[866,1022,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">C. serowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs at elevations higher than 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5DBC24FAEAF8EFFF2CC528" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FE96F883FEEBC528" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1843" box="[271,359,1882,1908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydia">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FE96F883FEEBC528" box="[271,359,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">C. lydia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs at elevations lower than 
<quantity id="CA1F7DCA6F5DBC24FD49F883FCA9C528" box="[720,805,1882,1908]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5DBC24FF24F8A7FF2ACA74" blockId="3.[136,1452,1666,2088]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FF24F8A7FE39C5C4" box="[189,437,1918,1944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FF24F8A7FE39C5C4" box="[189,437,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Centaurea serowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares some characters such as the length of stem, the dissection of leaves, the length of spine and the color of flowers with 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5DBC24FD84F87BFB35C5E0" authority="Ranjbar, Negaresh &amp; Joharchi (2014: 116)" authorityName="Ranjbar, Negaresh &amp; Joharchi" authorityPageNumber="116" authorityYear="2014" box="[541,1209,1954,1980]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bojnordensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5DBC24FD84F87BFD43C5E0" box="[541,719,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">C. bojnordensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6976ADDE6F5DBC24FD4EF87BFB35C5E0" author="Ranjbar, M. &amp; Negaresh, K. &amp; Joharchi, M. R." box="[727,1209,1954,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" pagination="116 - 121" refId="ref10505" refString="Ranjbar, M., Negaresh, K. &amp; Joharchi, M. R. (2014) Novelty in Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Feddes Repertorium 124: 116 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 201400030" type="journal article" year="2014">Ranjbar, Negaresh &amp; Joharchi (2014: 116)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from that species as stated in 
<tableCitation id="4065E5946F5DBC24FEFBF81FFE39C5BC" box="[354,437,1990,2016]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,219,162,183]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic morphological characters of Centaurea serowensis, C. lydia, C. bojnordensis and C. urvillei subsp. deinacantha." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/599880A76F5BBC22FF11FF7BFA12C2EB" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" tableUuid="599880A76F5BBC22FF11FF7BFA12C2EB">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Moreover, they are geographically isolated; the former is confined to mountains of Serow (
<collectingRegion id="CF231ECD6F5DBC24FF16F833FE3BCA58" box="[143,439,2026,2052]" country="Iran" name="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">West Azerbaijan Province</collectingRegion>
) in NW 
<collectingCountry id="75F090BF6F5DBC24FD82F833FDC7CA58" box="[539,587,2026,2052]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Iran</collectingCountry>
, the latter is a narrow endemic to 
<collectingRegion id="CF231ECD6F5DBC24FC54F833FB62CA58" box="[973,1262,2026,2052]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">North Khorasan Province</collectingRegion>
in NE 
<collectingCountry id="75F090BF6F5DBC24FAD9F833FAE1CA58" box="[1344,1389,2026,2052]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="95DCCCAA6F5DBC24FAE6F833FF14CA74" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[184,1376,835,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-315@3.[177,1411,821,1536]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Centaurea serowensis (square), C. lydia (stars), C. bojnordensis (triangles) and C. urvillei subsp. deinacantha (circles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918788/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="599880A76F5ABC23FF11F80CFD6BC5B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918790" box="[136,743,2005,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918790/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" startId="4.[136,234,2005,2027]" targetBox="[178,1410,190,1981]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5ABC23FF11F80CFD6BC5B6" blockId="4.[136,743,2005,2027]" box="[136,743,2005,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5ABC23FF11F80CFE8FC5B6" bold="true" box="[136,259,2005,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5ABC23FE91F80CFE74C5B7" authority="Boissier" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1843" box="[264,504,2005,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydia">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5ABC23FE91F80CFE2FC5B6" box="[264,419,2005,2026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Centaurea lydia</emphasis>
Boissier
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5ABC23FD9FF80FFDF0C5B7" box="[518,636,2006,2027]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Boissier s.n.</emphasis>
, G-BOIS).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="599880A76F5BBC22FF11FF7BFA12C2EB" ID-Table-UUID="599880A76F5BBC22FF11FF7BFA12C2EB" box="[136,1438,162,184]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/599880A76F5BBC22FF11FF7BFA12C2EB" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" startId="5.[136,219,162,183]" targetBox="[142,1427,208,2045]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5BBC22FF11FF7BFA12C2EB" blockId="5.[136,1438,162,184]" box="[136,1438,162,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF11FF7BFF78C2EB" bold="true" box="[136,244,162,183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Diagnostic morphological characters of 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5BBC22FDE2FF7BFCC1C2EB" box="[635,845,162,183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FDE2FF7BFCC1C2EB" box="[635,845,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Centaurea serowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5BBC22FCC3FF7BFC2AC2EB" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1843" box="[858,934,162,183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydia">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FCC3FF7BFC2AC2EB" box="[858,934,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">C. lydia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5BBC22FC2BFF7BFBC5C2EB" authorityName="Ranjbar, Negaresh &amp; Joharchi" authorityYear="2014" box="[946,1097,162,183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bojnordensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FC2BFF7BFBC5C2EB" box="[946,1097,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">C. bojnordensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5BBC22FBE1FF7BFA15C2EB" box="[1144,1433,162,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="urvillei" subSpecies="deinacantha">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FBE1FF7BFB55C2EB" box="[1144,1241,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">C. urvillei</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FABBFF7BFA15C2EB" box="[1314,1433,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">deinacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F5BBC22FE06FF09FAE0C5B0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<table id="7FE7228F6F5B43D8FF17FF09FA1FC5A1" box="[142,1427,208,2045]" gridcols="5" gridrows="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FF09FA1FC2BF" box="[142,1427,208,227]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FF09FD06C2BF" box="[415,650,208,227]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5BBC22FE06FF09FD9BC2BF" box="[415,535,208,227]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serowensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FE06FF09FD9BC2BF" bold="true" box="[415,535,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">C. serowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FF09FC00C2BF" box="[669,908,208,227]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5BBC22FD04FF09FD6DC2BF" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1843" box="[669,737,208,227]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lydia">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FD04FF09FD6DC2BF" bold="true" box="[669,737,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">C. lydia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FF09FBF1C2BF" box="[923,1149,208,227]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F5BBC22FC02FF09FBA9C2BF" authorityName="Ranjbar, Negaresh &amp; Joharchi" authorityYear="2014" box="[923,1061,208,227]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bojnordensis">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FC02FF09FBA9C2BF" bold="true" box="[923,1061,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">C. bojnordensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FF09FA1FC2BF" box="[1163,1427,208,227]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FB12FF09FA1FC2BF" bold="true" box="[1163,1427,208,227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FB12FF09FB6EC2BF" bold="true" box="[1163,1250,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">C. urvillei</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FABFFF09FA1FC2BF" bold="true" box="[1318,1427,208,227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">deinacantha</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FEDAFA1FC34B" box="[142,1427,259,279]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FEDAFE04C34B" box="[142,392,259,279]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FEDAFF4EC34A" bold="true" box="[142,194,259,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Habit</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FEDAFD06C34B" box="[415,650,259,279]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">dwarf, 1–4 cm height</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FEDAFC00C34B" box="[669,908,259,279]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">10–35(–45) cm height</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FEDAFBF1C34B" box="[923,1149,259,279]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">dwarf, ca. 5 cm height</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FEDAFA1FC34B" box="[1163,1427,259,279]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">(10–)20–35 cm height</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FEE1FA1FC397" box="[142,1427,312,459]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FEE1FE04C397" box="[142,392,312,459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FEAEFF49C3D6" bold="true" box="[142,197,375,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Stems</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FEE1FD06C397" box="[415,650,312,459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">striate, simple or branched in basal part</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FEE1FC00C397" box="[669,908,312,459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">sulcate, branched from near base with branches as long as or slightly longer than main stem</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FEE1FBF1C397" box="[923,1149,312,459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">striate, almost branched in the lower to upper parts</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FEE1FA1FC397" box="[1163,1427,312,459]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">sulcate in the lower part, branched from near the base with several one-headed branches about as long as the main stem</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FE35FA1FC01C" box="[142,1427,492,576]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FE35FE04C01C" box="[142,392,492,576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FDD5FEC8C043" bold="true" box="[142,324,524,543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Stems, induemntum</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FE35FD06C01C" box="[415,650,492,576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">densely arachnoid</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FE35FC00C01C" box="[669,908,492,576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">lower part densely tomentose, other parts ± loosely tomentose</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FE35FBF1C01C" box="[923,1149,492,576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">densely floccose- tomentose</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FE35FA1FC01C" box="[1163,1427,492,576]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">slightly arachnoid to distinctly tomentose</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FD87FA1FC0ED" box="[142,1427,606,689]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FD87FE04C0ED" box="[142,392,606,689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FDA7FEC1C0CC" bold="true" box="[142,333,637,657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Leaves, induemntum</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FD87FD06C0ED" box="[415,650,606,689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">loosely arachnoid</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FD87FC00C0ED" box="[669,908,606,689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">subglabrous, scabrous, ± tomentose especially on upper side</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FD87FBF1C0ED" box="[923,1149,606,689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">above loosely floccose- tomentose, below sparsely pilose-articulate</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FD87FA1FC0ED" box="[1163,1427,606,689]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">slightly arachnoid to distinctly tomentose</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FD16FA1FC15E" box="[142,1427,719,770]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FD16FE04C15E" box="[142,392,719,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FD16FEBBC15E" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Basal and lower cauline leaves, length (cm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FD16FD06C15E" box="[415,650,719,770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">ca. 5–6</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FD16FC00C15E" box="[669,908,719,770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">10–15(–30)</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FD16FBF1C15E" box="[923,1149,719,770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">ca. 3.5–4</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FD16FA1FC15E" box="[1163,1427,719,770]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">(10–)15–20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FCF9FA1FC108" box="[142,1427,800,852]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FCF9FE04C108" box="[142,392,800,852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FCF9FEE7C108" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Terminal segment of basal and lower cauline leaves</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FCF9FD06C108" box="[415,650,800,852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">3–4 × 1.8–2 cm, coarsely tooted at margins</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FCF9FC00C108" box="[669,908,800,852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">2–3.5 × 2–3 cm, denticulate at margins</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FCF9FBF1C108" box="[923,1149,800,852]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">2–3 × 1–1.5 cm, smooth or denticulate at margins</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FCF9FA1FC108" box="[1163,1427,800,852]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">4–6 × 3–5 cm, denticulate or dentate at margins</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FCABFA1FC1D9" box="[142,1427,882,901]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FCABFE04C1D9" box="[142,392,882,901]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FCABFEA0C1D9" bold="true" box="[142,300,882,901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Involucres, shape</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FCABFD06C1D9" box="[415,650,882,901]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">ovoid</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FCABFC00C1D9" box="[669,908,882,901]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">globose</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FCABFBF1C1D9" box="[923,1149,882,901]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">ovoid</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FCABFA1FC1D9" box="[1163,1427,882,901]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">subglobose</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FC7AFA1FC1EB" box="[142,1427,931,951]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FC7AFE04C1EB" box="[142,392,931,951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FC7DFEDDC1EA" bold="true" box="[142,337,931,951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Involucres, size (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FC7AFD06C1EB" box="[415,650,931,951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">15–20(–25) × (12–)15–20</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FC7AFC00C1EB" box="[669,908,931,951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">25–35 × 22–35</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FC7AFBF1C1EB" box="[923,1149,931,951]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">ca. 18 × 12–13</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FC7AFA1FC1EB" box="[1163,1427,931,951]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">(30–)35–40(–45) × 30–35</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FC0CFA1FC1B4" box="[142,1427,981,1000]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FC0CFE04C1B4" box="[142,392,981,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FC0CFEE8C1B4" bold="true" box="[142,356,981,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Phyllaries indumentum</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FC0CFD06C1B4" box="[415,650,981,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">loosely arachnoid</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FC0CFC00C1B4" box="[669,908,981,1000]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">glabrescent</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FC0CFBF1C1B4" box="[923,1149,981,1000]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">glabrescent</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FC0CFA1FC1B4" box="[1163,1427,981,1000]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">glabrescent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FBDFFA1FC665" box="[142,1427,1030,1081]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FBDFFE04C665" box="[142,392,1030,1081]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FBDFFF4CC665" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Median phyllaries, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FBDFFD06C665" box="[415,650,1030,1081]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">6–10</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FBDFFC00C665" box="[669,908,1030,1081]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">15–20</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FBDFFBF1C665" box="[923,1149,1030,1081]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">4.5–8</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FBDFFA1FC665" box="[1163,1427,1030,1081]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">15–20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FB81FA1FC6D7" box="[142,1427,1112,1163]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FB81FE04C6D7" box="[142,392,1112,1163]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FB81FF4CC6D7" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Inner phyllaries, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FB81FD06C6D7" box="[415,650,1112,1163]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">10–13</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FB81FC00C6D7" box="[669,908,1112,1163]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">20–28</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FB81FBF1C6D7" box="[923,1149,1112,1163]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">11–12</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FB81FA1FC6D7" box="[1163,1427,1112,1163]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">20–32</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FB68FA1FC778" box="[142,1427,1201,1316]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FB68FE04C778" box="[142,392,1201,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FB38FF71C6A8" bold="true" box="[142,253,1249,1268]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Appenadges</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FB68FD06C778" box="[415,650,1201,1316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">medium-sized, concealing partly of phyllaries only, straw-coloured or light brown</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FB68FC00C778" box="[669,908,1201,1316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">large, totally concealing the phyllaries, straw-coloured</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FB68FBF1C778" box="[923,1149,1201,1316]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">medium-sized, concealing minor part of phyllaries, brown</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FB68FA1FC778" box="[1163,1427,1201,1316]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">large, concealing major part of phyllaries, straw-coloured or light brown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FA93FA1FC702" box="[142,1427,1354,1374]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FA93FE04C702" box="[142,392,1354,1374]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FA93FE0FC702" bold="true" box="[142,387,1354,1374]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Median appendages, shape</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FA93FD06C702" box="[415,650,1354,1374]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">triangular</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FA93FC00C702" box="[669,908,1354,1374]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">orbicular</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FA93FBF1C702" box="[923,1149,1354,1374]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">triangular</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FA93FA1FC702" box="[1163,1427,1354,1374]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">elongate triangular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FAA5FA1FC7F3" box="[142,1427,1404,1455]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FAA5FE04C7F3" box="[142,392,1404,1455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FAA5FF4CC7F3" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Median appendages, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FAA5FD06C7F3" box="[415,650,1404,1455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">8–15</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FAA5FC00C7F3" box="[669,908,1404,1455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">20–35(–40)</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FAA5FBF1C7F3" box="[923,1149,1404,1455]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">10–16</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FAA5FA1FC7F3" box="[1163,1427,1404,1455]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">25–45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17FA14FA1FC45C" box="[142,1427,1485,1536]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17FA14FE04C45C" box="[142,392,1485,1536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17FA14FED0C45C" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Median appendages (cilia excluded), width (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06FA14FD06C45C" box="[415,650,1485,1536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">2–4</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04FA14FC00C45C" box="[669,908,1485,1536]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">8–12</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02FA14FBF1C45C" box="[923,1149,1485,1536]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">1–2.5</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12FA14FA1FC45C" box="[1163,1427,1485,1536]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">6–9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17F9C7FA1FC40E" box="[142,1427,1566,1618]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17F9C7FE04C40E" box="[142,392,1566,1618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17F9C7FEF7C40D" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Spine (in middle appendages), length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06F9C7FD06C40E" box="[415,650,1566,1618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">5–8</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04F9C7FC00C40E" box="[669,908,1566,1618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">15–30(–35)</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02F9C7FBF1C40E" box="[923,1149,1566,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">8–12</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12F9C7FA1FC40E" box="[1163,1427,1566,1618]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">20–30(–40)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17F9A9FA1FC4DF" box="[142,1427,1648,1667]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17F9A9FE04C4DF" box="[142,392,1648,1667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17F9A9FEA3C4DF" bold="true" box="[142,303,1648,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Cilia length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06F9A9FD06C4DF" box="[415,650,1648,1667]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">(1–)2–4</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04F9A9FC00C4DF" box="[669,908,1648,1667]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">3–7</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02F9A9FBF1C4DF" box="[923,1149,1648,1667]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">1–2.5(–3)</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12F9A9FA1FC4DF" box="[1163,1427,1648,1667]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">5–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17F978FA1FC488" box="[142,1427,1697,1748]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17F978FE04C488" box="[142,392,1697,1748]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17F978FF4CC488" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Bristle of receptacle, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06F978FD06C488" box="[415,650,1697,1748]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">10–12</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04F978FC00C488" box="[669,908,1697,1748]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">15–20</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02F978FBF1C488" box="[923,1149,1697,1748]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">6–10</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12F978FA1FC488" box="[1163,1427,1697,1748]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">15–20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17F92BFA1FC55A" box="[142,1427,1778,1798]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17F92BFE04C55A" box="[142,392,1778,1798]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17F92BFE09C559" bold="true" box="[142,389,1778,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Central floret, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06F92BFD06C55A" box="[415,650,1778,1798]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">25–27</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04F92BFC00C55A" box="[669,908,1778,1798]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">32–35</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02F92BFBF1C55A" box="[923,1149,1778,1798]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">ca. 24</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12F92BFA1FC55A" box="[1163,1427,1778,1798]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">40–45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17F8FDFA1FC50B" box="[142,1427,1828,1879]" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17F8FDFE04C50B" box="[142,392,1828,1879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17F8FDFF72C50B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Lobes of peripheral floret, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06F8FDFD06C50B" box="[415,650,1828,1879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">5–6</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04F8FDFC00C50B" box="[669,908,1828,1879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">8–10</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02F8FDFBF1C50B" box="[923,1149,1828,1879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">4–5</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12F8FDFA1FC50B" box="[1163,1427,1828,1879]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">10–12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17F8ACFA1FC5D5" box="[142,1427,1909,1929]" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17F8ACFE04C5D5" box="[142,392,1909,1929]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17F8ACFED9C5D4" bold="true" box="[142,341,1909,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Achenes, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06F8ACFD06C5D5" box="[415,650,1909,1929]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">4.2–4.8</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04F8ACFC00C5D5" box="[669,908,1909,1929]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">ca. 5</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02F8ACFBF1C5D5" box="[923,1149,1909,1929]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">3.8–4</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12F8ACFA1FC5D5" box="[1163,1427,1909,1929]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">6–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B3D7D26D6F5B43D8FF17F870FA1FC5A1" box="[142,1427,1961,2045]" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="F006BB116F5B43D8FF17F870FE04C5A1" box="[142,392,1961,2045]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F5BBC22FF17F810FF5EC580" bold="true" box="[142,210,1993,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Pappus</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FE06F870FD06C5A1" box="[415,650,1961,2045]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">8–9 mm long, bristles of inner rows ca. 2.5 mm long</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FD04F870FC00C5A1" box="[669,908,1961,2045]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">8–12(–14.5) mm long, bristles of inner rows ca. 2.5 mm long</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FC02F870FBF1C5A1" box="[923,1149,1961,2045]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">6–6.2 mm long, bristles of inner rows 2–2.5 mm long</td>
<td id="F006BB116F5B43D8FB12F870FA1FC5A1" box="[1163,1427,1961,2045]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">(8–)9–14 mm long, bristles of inner rows 3–4.5 mm long</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D58D02F6F58BC21FF24FF47FC74C378" blockId="6.[136,1451,158,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
This species is also similar to 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F58BC21FD9BFF46FCC0C2E4" box="[514,844,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="urvillei" subSpecies="deinacantha">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F58BC21FD9BFF46FDFEC2E4" box="[514,626,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">C. urvillei</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F58BC21FD5BFF47FCC0C2E4" box="[706,844,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">deinacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="75F090BF6F58BC21FC0DFF46FC4DC2E5" box="[916,961,159,185]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Iran</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="75F090BF6F58BC21FC6DFF46FBA8C2E5" box="[1012,1060,159,185]" name="Iraq" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Iraq</collectingCountry>
, especially because of the life form, dissection of leaves, color of appendages and flowers (
<figureCitation id="95DCCCAA6F58BC21FD75FF1BFCA3C281" box="[748,815,194,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,234,2056,2078]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,317,2031]" captionTargetId="figure-100@6.[177,1411,317,2031]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Centaurea urvillei subsp. deinacantha (Boiss. &amp; Hausskn.) Wagenitz (Haussknecht 584, G-BOIS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918792/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). However, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="CAE7ABAC6F58BC21FBC2FF1AFA27C280" box="[1115,1451,194,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="urvillei" subSpecies="deinacantha">
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F58BC21FBC2FF1AFB41C280" box="[1115,1229,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">C. urvillei</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="3F930C3D6F58BC21FAB8FF1BFA27C280" box="[1313,1451,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">deinacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in some characters like life form, ramification of stems, length of leaves, size and shape of involucres, indumentum of phyllaries, size of appendages, length of florets, achenes and pappus (
<tableCitation id="4065E5946F58BC21FC0DFED3FC6BC378" box="[916,999,266,292]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,219,162,183]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic morphological characters of Centaurea serowensis, C. lydia, C. bojnordensis and C. urvillei subsp. deinacantha." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/599880A76F5BBC22FF11FF7BFA12C2EB" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="599880A76F5BBC22FF11FF7BFA12C2EB">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>