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<mods:title id="1BBB737FF86337D2602CDBA3AF48511A">A Small Collection of Subtidal Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Palau Islands Collected by Dredging</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF39EC9FB584DFE32" ID-CoL="47XBS" authority="Ng and Clark, 2010" authorityName="Ng and Clark" authorityYear="2010" box="[176,632,471,496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Notonyx" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittifer">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF39EC9FB5B38FE32" bold="true" box="[176,269,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Notonyx</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF210C9F45B95FE32" bold="true" box="[318,416,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">sagittifer</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="0B8793A9FF90FFAEF24ECA255BFCFDC0" box="[352,457,518,541]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[163,196,1160,1182]" captionTargetBox="[158,1217,215,1125]" captionTargetId="figure-217@22.[157,1218,213,1126]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. AB: Tetralia nigrolineata Serène and Pham, 1957, ♂ (NSMT-Cr 30988; cb 5.1×cl 4.1 mm) (A) and ovig.♀ (NSMT-Cr 30988; 5.8×4.9 mm) (B). CE: Notonyx aff. sagittifer Ng and Clark, 2010, ♂(NSMT-Cr 30991; cb 5.0×cl 3.3 mm), carapace in dorsal view (C), both chela in outer view (D) and both chelipeds in dorsal view (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826470/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11CE</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF3A2CA085BEBFD9D" ID-CoL="47XBQ" authority="A. Milne Edwards" authorityName="A. Milne Edwards" box="[140,478,554,576]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Notonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF3A2CA085B15FDE2" box="[140,288,554,576]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Notonyx nitidus</emphasis>
A. Milne Edwards
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:
<treatmentCitation id="121DA93DFF90FFAEF2C5CA095B24FD80" author="Serene, R. &amp; A. F. Umali" page="82" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF2C5CA095AE0FD80" author="Serene, R. &amp; A. F. Umali" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="21 - 105" refId="ref22818" refString="Serene, R. and A. F. Umali 1972. The family Raninidae and other new and rare species of brachyuran decapods from the Philippines and adjacent regions. The Philippine Journal of Science 99: 21 - 105, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1972">Serène and Umali, 1972</bibRefCitation>
, p. 82
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, figs. 9095, pl. 8 figs. 910.─
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF116CA6B5B31FDA6" author="Serene, R. &amp; C. L. Soh" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref22776" refString="Serene, R. and C. L. Soh 1976. Brachyura collected dur- ing the Thai-Danish Expedition (1966). Phuket Marine Biological Center, Research Bulletin 12: 1 - 37, pls. 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1976">Serène and Soh, 1976</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 16E.
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<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF3A2CAA05814FD45" ID-CoL="47XBS" authority="Ng and Clark, 2010" authorityName="Ng and Clark" authorityYear="2010" box="[140,545,642,664]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Notonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittifer">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF3A2CAA05B1AFD4A" box="[140,303,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Notonyx sagittifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF21BCAA05BDFFD45" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; P. F. Clark" box="[309,490,642,664]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="30 - 38" refId="ref21503" refString="Ng, P. K. L. and P. F. Clark 2010. Two new species of Notonyx A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacidae) from the Philippines and Fiji. Zootaxa 2509: 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="2010">Ng and Clark, 2010</bibRefCitation>
, p. 31
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, figs. 13.
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<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF389CA9E5B49FD08" box="[167,380,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="23D48571FF90FFAEF2B8CA9E5AC4FC82" collectingDate="1980-06-19" collectorName="Babelthuap I. &amp; K. Baba" country="Palau" elevation="45" location="Entrance" municipality="Toagel Mid in Arangel Channel" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1">
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to
<collectingMunicipality id="73671556FF90FFAEF130CA9E5B45FD2A" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Toagel Mid in Arangel Channel</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
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Is., dredged,
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<quantity id="544422C9FF90FFAEF3DACB215B7AFCC4" box="[244,335,770,794]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">4050 m</quantity>
depth
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, mud; 1♂ (cb 5.0×cl
<quantity id="544422C9FF90FFAEF3A2CB065AEBFCE0" box="[140,222,805,829]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
), NSMT-Cr. 30991;
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;
<collectorName id="3E49EAFAFF90FFAEF1ADCB065AF6FC82" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">K. Baba</collectorName>
leg.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF389CB495B3EFC5F" box="[167,267,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
The smooth, transversely quadrangular carapace of the male shows without doubt its suitable taxonomic position in the genus
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF140CB935AF3FC37" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">
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.
</emphasis>
All of the known 12 species are small in size, less than cb
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, and closely resemble to each other in the carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs. Their general morphological differences are sometimes subtle, but based on close observation, there may be constant differences in the shape of the carapaces, and the G1 shape is the most important character to distinguish each species. Ten species described intensively during recent some years by
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, 2011),
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF3A2CD0E5B5FFA98" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; P. F. Clark" box="[140,362,1325,1349]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="20 - 26" refId="ref21458" refString="Ng, P. K. L. and P. F. Clark 2008. A new species of Notonyx A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gonepacidae) from Indonesia. Zootaxa 1897: 20 - 26." type="journal article" year="2008">Ng and Clark (2008</bibRefCitation>
, 2010),
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF2E8CD0E5B24FABA" author="Naruse, T. &amp; T. Maenosono" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="183 - 189" refId="ref21145" refString="Naruse, T. and T. Maenosono 2009. Notonyx kumi, a new species of goneplacid crab (Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and Lesser Sunda Isladns, Indonesia. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (A), Supplement 3: 183 - 189." type="journal article" year="2009">Naruse and Maenosono (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, Naruse and Takeda (2010),
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF162CD6C5B71FA57" author="Rahayu, D. L. &amp; P. K. L. Ng" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="269 - 278" refId="ref21861" refString="Rahayu, D. L. and P. K. L. Ng 2010 a. Notonyx guinotae, a new species of goneplacid crab (Brachyura, Goneplacidae) from Lombok Island, Indonesia. In Castro P., P. J. F. Davie, P. K. L. Ng and B. Richer de Forges (eds): Studies on Brachyura: a homage to Daiele Guinot. Crustaceana Monographs 11: 269 - 278." type="journal article" year="2010">Rahayu and Ng (2010a</bibRefCitation>
, b), and
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF2EFCD51585EFA57" author="Rahayu, D. L." box="[449,619,1394,1418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref21824" refString="Rahayu, D. L. 2011. A new species of Notonyx A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacidae) from Maluku, Indonesia. Zootaxa 2982: 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="2011">Rahayu (2011)</bibRefCitation>
are mostly well described with the figures and photographs, but the status of the
<typeStatus id="4C07318EFF90FFAEF291CD9B5BD8FA0D" box="[447,493,1464,1488]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF17ECD9B5BF3FA2F" authority="A. Milne-Edwards, 1873" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1873" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Notonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF17ECD9B5A84FA2F" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">N. nitidus</emphasis>
A. Milne-Edwards, 1873
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="EBABCFBCFF90FFAEF120CDF95A98F9C8" name="New Caledonia" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
still remains unclear.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93038F2CFF90FFAEF388CE3C599BFD08" blockId="21.[140,669,701,1800]" lastBlockId="21.[707,1236,215,1176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">
Quite unfortunately, the male specimen examined lacks the pleon together with the G1, and also all the ambulatory legs are absent in a specimen vial. The general shape of the carapace seems to be close to
<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF257CE885AE7F938" authority="Ng and Clark (2010)" authorityName="Ng and Clark" authorityYear="2010" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Notonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittifer">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF257CE885BC9F91F" box="[377,508,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">N. sagittifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF128CE895AE7F938" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; P. F. Clark" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="30 - 38" refId="ref21503" refString="Ng, P. K. L. and P. F. Clark 2010. Two new species of Notonyx A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacidae) from the Philippines and Fiji. Zootaxa 2509: 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="2010">Ng and Clark (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Mindanao, the
<collectingCountry id="EBABCFBCFF90FFAEF2FECEEE587EF938" box="[464,587,1741,1765]" name="Philippines" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, which was compared with
<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF24BCED358ACF8DA" authority="Ng and Clark, 2008" authorityName="Ng and Clark" authorityYear="2008" box="[357,665,1775,1800]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Notonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF24BCED35B8CF8DA" box="[357,441,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">N. latus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF2EFCED358ACF8DA" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; P. F. Clark" box="[449,665,1775,1800]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="20 - 26" refId="ref21458" refString="Ng, P. K. L. and P. F. Clark 2008. A new species of Notonyx A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gonepacidae) from Indonesia. Zootaxa 1897: 20 - 26." type="journal article" year="2008">Ng and Clark, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Lesser Sunda Islands. The
<typeStatus id="4C07318EFF90FFAEF759C8F45EE1FF32" box="[1143,1236,215,239]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF076C8D859E8FECF" authorityName="Ng and Clark" authorityYear="2010" box="[856,989,250,274]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Notonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittifer">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF076C8D859E8FECF" box="[856,989,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">N. sagittifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a male previously identified as
<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF072C93E59F9FEE8" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1873" box="[860,972,285,309]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Notonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF072C93E59F9FEE8" box="[860,972,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">N. nitidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF72AC93E5938FE8A" author="Serene, R. &amp; A. F. Umali" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="21 - 105" refId="ref22818" refString="Serene, R. and A. F. Umali 1972. The family Raninidae and other new and rare species of brachyuran decapods from the Philippines and adjacent regions. The Philippine Journal of Science 99: 21 - 105, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1972">Serène and Umali (1972)</bibRefCitation>
. The general shape of the carapace (
<figureCitation id="0B8793A9FF90FFAEF787C91C58DAFEA7" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[163,196,1160,1182]" captionTargetBox="[158,1217,215,1125]" captionTargetId="figure-217@22.[157,1218,213,1126]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. AB: Tetralia nigrolineata Serène and Pham, 1957, ♂ (NSMT-Cr 30988; cb 5.1×cl 4.1 mm) (A) and ovig.♀ (NSMT-Cr 30988; 5.8×4.9 mm) (B). CE: Notonyx aff. sagittifer Ng and Clark, 2010, ♂(NSMT-Cr 30991; cb 5.0×cl 3.3 mm), carapace in dorsal view (C), both chela in outer view (D) and both chelipeds in dorsal view (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826470/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
) seems to be closer to
<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF72AC9405EBCFEA7" authorityName="Ng and Clark" authorityYear="2010" box="[1028,1161,354,378]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Notonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittifer">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF72AC9405EBCFEA7" box="[1028,1161,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">N. sagittifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than the other congeneric species, but the identification of the specimen at hand is not always definitive because of lacking the male G1. The ratio of the carapace breadth to length is 1.28, and the carapace anterolateral margin is only weakly convex outwards. Both chelipeds are compressed in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="0B8793A9FF90FFAEF0D0CA765E6BFDB0" box="[1022,1118,597,621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[163,196,1160,1182]" captionTargetBox="[158,1217,215,1125]" captionTargetId="figure-217@22.[157,1218,213,1126]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. AB: Tetralia nigrolineata Serène and Pham, 1957, ♂ (NSMT-Cr 30988; cb 5.1×cl 4.1 mm) (A) and ovig.♀ (NSMT-Cr 30988; 5.8×4.9 mm) (B). CE: Notonyx aff. sagittifer Ng and Clark, 2010, ♂(NSMT-Cr 30991; cb 5.0×cl 3.3 mm), carapace in dorsal view (C), both chela in outer view (D) and both chelipeds in dorsal view (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826470/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
) and each palm is wholly glabrous, with the keeled lower margin (
<figureCitation id="0B8793A9FF90FFAEF032CAB9594BFD6F" box="[796,894,666,690]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[163,196,1160,1182]" captionTargetBox="[158,1217,215,1125]" captionTargetId="figure-217@22.[157,1218,213,1126]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. AB: Tetralia nigrolineata Serène and Pham, 1957, ♂ (NSMT-Cr 30988; cb 5.1×cl 4.1 mm) (A) and ovig.♀ (NSMT-Cr 30988; 5.8×4.9 mm) (B). CE: Notonyx aff. sagittifer Ng and Clark, 2010, ♂(NSMT-Cr 30991; cb 5.0×cl 3.3 mm), carapace in dorsal view (C), both chela in outer view (D) and both chelipeds in dorsal view (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13826470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13826470/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
). The male G1 is needed for the definite identification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93038F2CFF90FFAEF1F3CAFC5E7DFB4A" blockId="21.[707,1236,215,1176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF1F3CAFC596AFD2A" box="[733,863,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Distribution</emphasis>
. The
<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF0E5CAC35EA7FD2A" box="[971,1170,735,759]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF0E5CAC35E11FD2A" box="[971,1060,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Notonyx</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are reported from the limited localities, probably due to the special habitat in shallow water grass bed with sand and gravel substrates. As mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF1EDCB495945FC5F" author="Rahayu, D. L." box="[707,880,874,898]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref21824" refString="Rahayu, D. L. 2011. A new species of Notonyx A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacidae) from Maluku, Indonesia. Zootaxa 2982: 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="2011">Rahayu (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, four species are exclusively known from Indonesian waters; two species from the
<collectingCountry id="EBABCFBCFF90FFAEF1C5CB8C5952FC1A" box="[747,871,943,967]" name="Philippines" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Philippines</collectingCountry>
; each one species from the Andamans,
<collectingCountry id="EBABCFBCFF90FFAEF025CBF15958FC37" box="[779,877,978,1002]" name="Thailand" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EBABCFBCFF90FFAEF057CBF15994FC37" box="[889,929,978,1002]" name="Fiji" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Fiji</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EBABCFBCFF90FFAEF081CBF15E63FC37" box="[943,1110,978,1002]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EBABCFBCFF90FFAEF7BECBF15EE5FC34" box="[1168,1232,978,1001]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
; only
<taxonomicName id="54BCF4AFFF90FFAEF1D5CBD65E96FBD0" authority="Naruse and Maenosono, 2009" authorityName="Naruse and Maenosono" authorityYear="2009" box="[763,1187,1013,1037]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Notonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumi">
<emphasis id="A1C8533EFF90FFAEF1D5CBD65964FBD0" box="[763,849,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">N. kumi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F72DF2DDFF90FFAEF074CBD65E96FBD0" author="Naruse, T. &amp; T. Maenosono" box="[858,1187,1013,1037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" pagination="183 - 189" refId="ref21145" refString="Naruse, T. and T. Maenosono 2009. Notonyx kumi, a new species of goneplacid crab (Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and Lesser Sunda Isladns, Indonesia. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (A), Supplement 3: 183 - 189." type="journal article" year="2009">Naruse and Maenosono, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, has been reported from the distant localities, the Ryukyu Islands in
<collectingCountry id="EBABCFBCFF90FFAEF0B7CC1959E3FB8C" box="[921,982,1082,1105]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingRegion id="517841CEFF90FFAEF76ECC19593AFBA8" country="Indonesia" name="Nusa Tenggara Timur" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Lesser Sunda Islands</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="EBABCFBCFF90FFAEF014CC7E5990FBA8" box="[826,933,1117,1141]" name="Indonesia" pageId="21" pageNumber="28">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. The present record of the genus is new to Micronesian waters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>