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<document id="B2E49ABC61BF01A219E5289F61E37EC2" ID-CLB-Dataset="29001" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84973bd6-9d66-4172-8f50-2a482edccf2a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1459506" ID-ZooBank="DB841017-698F-4D44-A633-461D350DC984" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1539326878349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan &amp; Hong, Ki-Jeong" docDate="2018" docId="0974884CB654FFF8FF6CFC4300C3FE06" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4460.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4460 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Megapulvinaria maxima" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="F54DF034B673FFD1FFFBFFA5024BFFD6" masterDocTitle="Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1729028233848" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="DF6C16AE37BC31A043858C168B2B25F7">Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3CBDED029C7632D2EDB3A06FCCA1AD1F">Choi, Jinyeong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83FE573B6A2A6C5994556627B32A1E41">Hong, Ki-Jeong</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0974884CB654FFF8FF6CFC4300C3FE06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5966460" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148695347" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5966460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0974884CB654FFF8FF6CFC4300C3FE06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0974884CB654FFF8FF6CFC4300C3FE06" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B654FFF6FF6CFC43036CFBF4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8162395AB654FFF6FF6CFC430038FBD6" blockId="39.[151,627,998,1058]" box="[151,627,998,1024]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="DA2A8E36B654FFF6FF6CFC430038FBD6" bold="true" box="[151,627,998,1024]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B654FFF6FF6CFC430038FBD6" ID-CoL="3YWYK" authority="(Green, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[151,627,998,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B654FFF6FF6CFC430038FBD6" bold="true" box="[151,627,998,1024]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B654FFF6FF6CFC430389FBD6" bold="true" box="[151,450,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Megapulvinaria maxima</emphasis>
(Green, 1904)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8162395AB654FFF6FF6CFBAC036CFBF4" blockId="39.[151,627,998,1058]" box="[151,295,1033,1058]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
(
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FF64FBAC02BEFBF4" box="[159,245,1033,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,1424,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[153,1438,1424,1939]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 35. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459576/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FEFAFBAC0355FBF4" box="[257,286,1033,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[338,1242,313,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[323,1264,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 36. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904), adult female, from Wang &amp; Feng (2012). A, dorsal seta; B1-2, marginal setae; C, stigmatic spine; D, dorsal microduct; E, simple pore; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral microduct; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459578/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">36</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B654FFF6FF6CFBE90050FBB4" box="[151,539,1100,1122]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8162395AB654FFF6FF6CFBE90050FBB4" blockId="39.[151,539,1100,1122]" box="[151,539,1100,1122]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A1CD1E74B654FFF6FF6CFBE90050FBB4" box="[151,539,1100,1122]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B654FFF6FF6CFBE90050FBB4" authority="Green, 1904 a: 206" authorityName="Green" authorityPageNumber="206" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,539,1100,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gentianales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B654FFF6FF6CFBE90312FBB4" box="[151,345,1100,1122]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pulvinaria maxima</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="007C1F4BB654FFF6FE9BFBE90050FBB4" author="" box="[352,539,1100,1122]" page="206" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB654FFF6FE9BFBE903A7FBB4" box="[352,492,1100,1122]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref25386" refString="Green, E. E. (1904 a) On some Javanese Coccidae: with descriptions of new species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 40, 204 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5488" type="journal article">Green, 1904a</bibRefCitation>
: 206
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B654FFF6FF6CFB2C0104FA80" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8162395AB654FFF6FF6CFB2C0104FA80" blockId="39.[151,1437,1161,1366]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B654FFF6FF6CFB2C035AFB74" bold="true" box="[151,273,1161,1186]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dorsum with anal plates each with 1 cylindrical discal seta, and 3 spinose and/or truncate setae on inner margin and apex (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FE91FB080392FB10" box="[362,473,1197,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,1424,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[153,1438,1424,1939]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 35. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459576/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 35D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FE13FB080057FB10" box="[488,540,1197,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[338,1242,313,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[323,1264,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 36. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904), adult female, from Wang &amp; Feng (2012). A, dorsal seta; B1-2, marginal setae; C, stigmatic spine; D, dorsal microduct; E, simple pore; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral microduct; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459578/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">36G</figureCitation>
); dorsal setae conical (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FCD2FB0801DEFB10" box="[809,917,1197,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[338,1242,313,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[323,1264,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 36. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904), adult female, from Wang &amp; Feng (2012). A, dorsal seta; B1-2, marginal setae; C, stigmatic spine; D, dorsal microduct; E, simple pore; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral microduct; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459578/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 36A</figureCitation>
); tubular ducts sparsely scattered (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FAD2FB0807DBFB10" box="[1321,1424,1197,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[338,1242,313,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[323,1264,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 36. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904), adult female, from Wang &amp; Feng (2012). A, dorsal seta; B1-2, marginal setae; C, stigmatic spine; D, dorsal microduct; E, simple pore; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral microduct; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459578/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 36F</figureCitation>
). Marginal setae stout and truncate, of
<specimenCount id="97DBF2D3B654FFF6FDC3FB7700C2FB3C" box="[568,649,1234,1258]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
(one long and slender; the other much shorter and thicker) (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FAD6FB7407D3FB3C" box="[1325,1432,1233,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,1424,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[153,1438,1424,1939]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 35. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459576/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 35C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FF6CFB500282FAD8" box="[151,201,1269,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[338,1242,313,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[323,1264,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 36. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904), adult female, from Wang &amp; Feng (2012). A, dorsal seta; B1-2, marginal setae; C, stigmatic spine; D, dorsal microduct; E, simple pore; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral microduct; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459578/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">36B</figureCitation>
). Stigmatic clefts each containing 48 stigmatic spines (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FCC5FB5001EEFAD8" box="[830,933,1269,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[338,1242,313,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[323,1264,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 36. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904), adult female, from Wang &amp; Feng (2012). A, dorsal seta; B1-2, marginal setae; C, stigmatic spine; D, dorsal microduct; E, simple pore; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral microduct; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459578/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 36C</figureCitation>
). Venter with multilocular disc-pores usually each with 10 loculi, mainly present on posterior area of abdomen (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FC5BFABC0647FAE4" box="[928,1036,1305,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[338,1242,313,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[323,1264,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 36. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904), adult female, from Wang &amp; Feng (2012). A, dorsal seta; B1-2, marginal setae; C, stigmatic spine; D, dorsal microduct; E, simple pore; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral microduct; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459578/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 36H</figureCitation>
); antenna 8 segmented (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB654FFF6FADCFABC07DFFAE4" box="[1319,1428,1305,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[338,1242,313,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[323,1264,195,1662]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 36. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904), adult female, from Wang &amp; Feng (2012). A, dorsal seta; B1-2, marginal setae; C, stigmatic spine; D, dorsal microduct; E, simple pore; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral microduct; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459578/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 36M</figureCitation>
) (partially adopted from
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB654FFF6FE59FA980001FA80" box="[418,586,1341,1366]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref25777" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book">Hodgson 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB654FFF6FDAEFA9B0109FA80" box="[597,834,1341,1366]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref28812" refString="Wang, F. &amp; Feng, J. N. (2012 b) A review of the genus Megapulvinaria Young (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Coccidae) from China, with a description of a new species. ZooKeys, 228, 59 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 228.3211" type="journal article">Wang &amp; Feng 2012b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D5A269D2B654FFF6FF6CF80A01ACF832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459576/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,250,1967,1989]" targetBox="[153,1438,1424,1939]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="8162395AB654FFF6FF6CF80A01ACF832" blockId="39.[151,1435,1967,2020]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B654FFF6FF6CF80A0368F812" bold="true" box="[151,291,1967,1989]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B654FFF6FED6F80A0082F813" authority="(Green, 1904)" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1904" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[301,713,1967,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B654FFF6FED6F80A0061F810" box="[301,554,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Megapulvinaria maxima</emphasis>
(Green, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D5A269D2B65BFFF9FF6CF9360668F931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459578/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[151,250,1683,1705]" targetBox="[338,1242,313,1562]" targetPageId="40">
<paragraph id="8162395AB65BFFF9FF6CF9360668F931" blockId="40.[151,1436,1683,1767]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65BFFF9FF6CF936036BF97E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1683,1705]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65BFFF9FEDDF93600FCF97F" authority="(Green, 1904)" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1904" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[294,695,1683,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65BFFF9FEDDF936006BF97F" box="[294,544,1683,1705]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Megapulvinaria maxima</emphasis>
(Green, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
, adult female, from Wang &amp; Feng (2012). A, dorsal seta; B1-2, marginal setae; C, stigmatic spine; D, dorsal microduct; E, simple pore; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral microduct; M, antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B65BFFF9FF3CF8890324F800" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8162395AB65BFFF9FF3CF8890324F800" blockId="40.[151,1436,1836,2006]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65BFFF9FF3CF88903F8F893" bold="true" box="[199,435,1836,1861]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Material examined.</emphasis>
8 ♀♀, LAOS, Nan Dist., Sayaboury Prov.,
<date id="F5631F9AB65BFFF9FC4EF8880663F893" box="[949,1064,1837,1861]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2014-10-29">29.x.2014</date>
, coll. J.Y. Choi, on
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65BFFF9FAEAF88B03ADF8BF" authority="Lour." authorityName="Lour." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dimocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longan">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65BFFF9FAEAF88B02AEF8BF" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Dimocarpus longan</emphasis>
Lour. (Sapindaceae)
</taxonomicName>
; 1 ♀, Beng Dist., Oudomxay Prov.,
<date id="F5631F9AB65BFFF9FC3FF8F40605F8BF" box="[964,1102,1873,1897]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2016-08-25">25.viii.2016</date>
, coll. P.P. Soysouvanh, on
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65BFFF9FF6CF8D300EDF85B" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." box="[151,678,1909,1933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lagerstroemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65BFFF9FF6CF8D30381F85B" box="[151,458,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lagerstroemia macrocarpa</emphasis>
Wall. (Lythraceae)
</taxonomicName>
; 2 ♀♀, Xaythany Dist., Vientiane Capital,
<date id="F5631F9AB65BFFF9FB71F8D006BDF85B" box="[1162,1270,1909,1933]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2017-01-16">16.i.2017</date>
, on
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65BFFF9FADDF8D007D7F85B" box="[1318,1436,1909,1933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65BFFF9FADDF8D007D7F85B" box="[1318,1436,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mangifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65BFFF9FF3EF83D0325F867" box="[197,366,1944,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
) (same collector); 2 ♀♀, on
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65BFFF9FD48F83C06BAF867" authority="Lour." authorityName="Lour." box="[691,1265,1944,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Excoecaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cochinchinensis">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65BFFF9FD48F83C01A6F867" box="[691,1005,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Excoecaria cochinchinensis</emphasis>
Lour. (Euphorbiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(same locality, date and collector).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B65AFFF8FF3CFF32000AFF03" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8162395AB65AFFF8FF3CFF32000AFF03" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FF3CFF32035AFF66" bold="true" box="[199,273,151,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Hosts.</emphasis>
Polyphagous. According to
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB65AFFF8FDA0FF3D01ECFF66" box="[603,935,151,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
García Morales
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FCEEFF3C0103FF66" box="[789,840,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65AFFF8FC4EFF3C067DFF79" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[949,1078,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FC4EFF3C0187FF66" box="[949,972,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FC26FF3D067DFF79" box="[989,1078,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from plants belonging to 24 genera in 15 families.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B65AFFF8FF3CFF7A0604FEB2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8162395AB65AFFF8FF3CFF7A065EFECB" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FF3CFF7A032BFF2E" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Distribution.</emphasis>
Mainly known from the
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B65AFFF8FD69FF7A0101FF2E" box="[658,842,223,248]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B65AFFF8FD69FF7A00A5FF2E" box="[658,750,223,248]" country="Egypt" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Oriental</collectingRegion>
Region
</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB65AFFF8FCA5FF7A01D7FF2E" box="[862,924,223,248]" name="India" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB65AFFF8FC57FF7A0657FF2E" box="[940,1052,223,248]" name="Indonesia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB65AFFF8FBD7FF7A06E6FF2E" box="[1068,1197,223,248]" name="Philippines" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB65AFFF8FB46FF7A0778FF2E" box="[1213,1331,223,248]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B65AFFF8FB46FF7A0695FF2E" box="[1213,1246,223,248]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sri</collectingRegion>
Lanka
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB65AFFF8FAB8FF7A07D3FF2E" box="[1347,1432,223,248]" name="Taiwan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB65AFFF8FF6CFEA102B0FECB" box="[151,251,260,285]" name="Thailand" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB65AFFF8FECAFEA103DBFECB" box="[305,400,260,285]" name="Vietnam" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB65AFFF8FE65FEA1009BFECB" box="[414,720,260,285]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
García Morales
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FDAFFEA000CEFECA" box="[596,645,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB65AFFF8FD18FEA00152FECA" box="[739,793,261,284]" name="Laos" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Laos</collectingCountry>
(new country record).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8162395AB65AFFF8FF3CFE820604FEB2" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FF3CFE82039DFE96" bold="true" box="[199,470,295,320]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Economic importance.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB65AFFF8FE24FE8200A3FE96" box="[479,744,295,320]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref27643" refString="Prabhakar, M., Prasad, Y. G., Rao, G. R. &amp; Ramakrishna, D. (2008) Pests of economic importance on Jatropha curcas L., a biodiesel plant in Andhra Pradesh, India. Entomon, 33 (1), 83 - 86." type="journal article">
Prabhakar
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FDA1FE8C00DEFE96" box="[602,661,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65AFFF8FC96FE8C01A6FEE9" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[877,1005,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FC96FE8C01CFFE96" box="[877,900,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FC6FFE8D01A6FEE9" box="[916,1005,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a pest of cotton (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65AFFF8FB23FE8D071FFEE9" box="[1240,1364,296,319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FB23FE8D071FFEE9" box="[1240,1364,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Gossypium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.), mulberry (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65AFFF8FEF5FEE8031CFEB2" box="[270,343,333,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FEF5FEE8031CFEB2" box="[270,343,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Morus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.), neem (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65AFFF8FE0BFEE9008DFEB2" box="[496,710,332,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Azadirachta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FE0BFEE9008DFEB2" box="[496,710,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Azadirachta indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and physic nut (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65AFFF8FC71FEE90674FEB2" box="[906,1087,332,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Jatropha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="curcas">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FC71FEE90674FEB2" box="[906,1087,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Jatropha curcas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B65AFFF8FF3CFECA00C3FE06" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8162395AB65AFFF8FF3CFECA00C3FE06" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FF3CFECA0370FE5E" bold="true" box="[199,315,367,392]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65AFFF8FEB9FED5001DFE51" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[322,598,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FEB9FED5001DFE51" box="[322,598,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Megapulvinaria maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65AFFF8FD12FED40190FE5E" authority="(Reyne)" authorityName="Reyne" baseAuthorityName="Reyne" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[745,987,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FD12FED40131FE5E" box="[745,890,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. orientalis</emphasis>
(Reyne)
</taxonomicName>
but differs in having 410 setae present between antennae, whereas
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65AFFF8FE22FE300026FE7A" baseAuthorityName="Reyne" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[473,621,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FE22FE300026FE7A" box="[473,621,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only 2 interantennal setae. For comparisons with other species of
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B65AFFF8FF6CFE1D0300FE06" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,331,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B65AFFF8FF6CFE1D0300FE06" box="[151,331,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Megapulvinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB65AFFF8FE7FFE1D00CFFE06" box="[388,644,439,464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref28812" refString="Wang, F. &amp; Feng, J. N. (2012 b) A review of the genus Megapulvinaria Young (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Coccidae) from China, with a description of a new species. ZooKeys, 228, 59 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 228.3211" type="journal article">Wang &amp; Feng (2012b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>