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<mods:title id="CE2671D4EE858FF0BB2D5E7A7F3EA6DB">A study of the scale insect genera Puto Signoret (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Putoidae) and Ceroputo Šulc (Pseudococcidae) with a comparison to Phenacoccus Cockerell (Pseudococcidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BEF36EAFFAEFF9BFF259A98E014A4E0" blockId="10.[151,320,1165,1191]" box="[151,320,1165,1191]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0A78186FFAEFF9BFF259A98E014A4E0" bold="true" box="[151,320,1165,1191]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFF259A98E014A4E0" ID-CoL="75LQ" ID-ENA="249564" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[151,320,1165,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Puto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFF259A98E014A4E0" bold="true" box="[151,320,1165,1191]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFF259A98E184A4E0" bold="true" box="[151,208,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puto</emphasis>
Signoret
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4011C4FFAEFF9BFF259AC0E075A54E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFF259AC0E0E3A4AE" authority="Signoret, 1875: 341" authorityName="Signoret" authorityPageNumber="341" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,439,1236,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Putonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFF259AC0E1B3A4AD" box="[151,231,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Putonia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF110FBFFAEFF9BFF5F9AC1E0E3A4AE" author="Signoret" box="[237,439,1236,1258]" page="341" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1875">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFF5F9AC1E0D1A4AD" author="Signoret" box="[237,389,1236,1258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Signoret, V. (1875) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides), 15 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (serie 5), 5, 305 - 352." type="journal article" year="1875">Signoret, 1875</bibRefCitation>
: 341
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54EB8848FFAEFF9BFE729AC0E0A6A4AD" box="[448,498,1237,1258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFDFC9AC0E233A4AD" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[590,871,1236,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Putonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennata">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFDFC9AC0E25DA4AD" box="[590,777,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Putonia antennata</emphasis>
Signoret
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy. Homonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFB3C9AC0E41FA4AE" authority="Stal, 1872" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1872" box="[1166,1355,1236,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Putonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFB3C9AC0E58AA4AD" box="[1166,1246,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Putonia</emphasis>
Stål, 1872
</taxonomicName>
, in Heteroptera.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36EAFFAEFF9BFF259B06E03CA522" blockId="10.[151,1436,1236,1381]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4011C4FFAEFF9BFF259B06E03CA522" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFF259B06E0CCA560" ID-CoL="75LQ" authority="Signoret, 1876: 394" authorityName="Signoret" authorityPageNumber="394" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,408,1297,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Puto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFF259B06E193A56F" box="[151,199,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puto</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF110FBFFAEFF9BFF7E9B04E0CCA560" author="Signoret" box="[204,408,1297,1319]" page="394" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1876">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFF7E9B04E031A560" author="Signoret" box="[204,357,1297,1319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Signoret, V. (1876) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides) 17 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (serie 5.), 5, 374 - 394." type="journal article" year="1876">Signoret, 1876</bibRefCitation>
: 394
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFD3F9B07E228A560" authority="Signoret, 1875" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[653,892,1297,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Putonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFD3F9B07E389A560" box="[653,733,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Putonia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFD569B04E228A560" author="Signoret" box="[740,892,1297,1319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Signoret, V. (1875) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides), 15 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (serie 5), 5, 305 - 352." type="journal article" year="1875">Signoret, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFF259B24E374A501" authority="Leonardi, 1907: 151" authorityName="Leonardi" authorityPageNumber="151" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,544,1328,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Macrocerococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFF259B24E01EA501" box="[151,330,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macrocerococcus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF110FBFFAEFF9BFEE29B25E374A501" author="Leonardi" box="[336,544,1328,1350]" page="151" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFEE29B25E0BAA501" author="Leonardi" box="[336,494,1328,1350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Leonardi, G. (1907) Contribuzione alla conoscenza delle cocciniglie Italiane. Bollettino del Laboratorio del Zoologia generale e agraria, 1, 135 - 169." type="journal article" year="1907">Leonardi, 1907</bibRefCitation>
: 151
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54EB8848FFAEFF9BFD9B9B24E30FA501" box="[553,603,1329,1350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFD059B24E564A501" authority="Leonardi" authorityName="Leonardi" box="[695,1072,1328,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Macrocerococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFD059B24E298A501" box="[695,972,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macrocerococcus superbus</emphasis>
Leonardi
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation. Synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFF549B5AE030A522" author="Ferris" box="[230,356,1359,1381]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Ferris, G. F. (1950) Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. Series V. The Pseudococcidae (Part 1). Palo Alto, California, Stanford University Press, 278 pp." type="book" year="1950">Ferris, 1950</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36EAFFAEFF9BFF259B84E093A772" blockId="10.[151,1436,1425,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The
<typeStatus id="54EB8848FFAEFF9BFF799B87E1AFA5ED" box="[203,251,1426,1450]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFEC99B86E0E4A5ED" ID-CoL="75LQ" box="[379,432,1427,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Puto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFEC99B86E0E4A5ED" box="[379,432,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, now called
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFDF09B86E202A5EE" ID-CoL="78P76" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[578,854,1425,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Puto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennatus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFDF09B86E38EA5ED" box="[578,730,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. antennatus</emphasis>
(Signoret)
</taxonomicName>
, was described by Signoret from female specimens collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFE9A9BA2E316A58A" ID-CoL="4J24H" box="[296,578,1461,1486]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cembra">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFE9A9BA2E090A589" box="[296,452,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pinus cembra</emphasis>
(Pinaceae)
</taxonomicName>
at Briançon and male specimens from
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFC4D9BA3E478A58A" ID-CoL="8KFC" box="[1023,1324,1461,1486]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFC4D9BA3E5F9A589" box="[1023,1197,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Abies pectinata</emphasis>
(Pinaceae)
</taxonomicName>
at Chambéry, both from the French Alps (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFDAE9BCCE3E6A5B6" author="Reyne" box="[540,690,1497,1521]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Reyne, A. (1954) A redescription of Puto antennatus Sign. (Homoptera: Coccoidea) with notes on Ceroputo pilosellae Sulc and Macrocerococcus superbus Leon. Zoologische Mededelingen, 32, 291 - 324." type="journal article" year="1954">Reyne, 1954</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFD759BCFE237A5B6" author="Reyne" box="[711,867,1497,1522]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Reyne, A. (1954) A redescription of Puto antennatus Sign. (Homoptera: Coccoidea) with notes on Ceroputo pilosellae Sulc and Macrocerococcus superbus Leon. Zoologische Mededelingen, 32, 291 - 324." type="journal article" year="1954">Reyne (1954)</bibRefCitation>
produced a detailed redescription of most instars based on Signorets
<typeStatus id="54EB8848FFAEFF9BFECC9BEBE0FAA651" box="[382,430,1534,1558]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
material plus additional specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F347767AFFAEFF9BFC3A9BEBE280A652" box="[904,980,1534,1557]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
and Bavaria, and provided notes on the biology of the species. The adult males described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFD5E9837E2D1A67E" author="Reyne" box="[748,901,1569,1594]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Reyne, A. (1954) A redescription of Puto antennatus Sign. (Homoptera: Coccoidea) with notes on Ceroputo pilosellae Sulc and Macrocerococcus superbus Leon. Zoologische Mededelingen, 32, 291 - 324." type="journal article" year="1954">Reyne (1954)</bibRefCitation>
have 12 eyes on the head and the aedeagus is a curved rod with a rounded apex. The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFD269852E20FA619" box="[660,859,1607,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Macrocerococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFD269852E20FA619" box="[660,859,1607,1630]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macrocerococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was erected for a species, now called
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFAAB9852E046A6C6" authority="Leonardi" authorityName="Leonardi" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Macrocerococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFAAB9852E4C8A619" box="[1305,1436,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. superbus</emphasis>
(Leonardi)
</taxonomicName>
, described from Sardinia but now considered a polyphagous species distributed throughout much of the Palaearctic Region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFEC89898E36CA6E2" author="Lagowska" box="[378,568,1677,1701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Lagowska, B. (2000) Puto superbus (Leonardi, 1907) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) new to the Polish fauna. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 69, 3 - 6." type="journal article" year="2000">Łagowska, 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFDF6989BE2D4A6E2" author="Marotta" box="[580,896,1677,1701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Marotta, S. &amp; Tranfaglia, A. (1993) Le specie del genere Puto Signoret (Homoptera Coccoidea Pseudococcidae) del'Europa centrale e del bacino del Mediterraneo. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ' Filippo Silvestri', Portici, 48, 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="1993">Marotta &amp; Tranfaglia, 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFC269898E57CA6E2" author="Ferris" box="[916,1064,1677,1701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Ferris, G. F. (1950) Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. Series V. The Pseudococcidae (Part 1). Palo Alto, California, Stanford University Press, 278 pp." type="book" year="1950">Ferris (1950)</bibRefCitation>
treated the name
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFB43989AE1E9A68D" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Macrocerococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFB43989AE1E9A68D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macrocerococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFE7D98A6E35EA68D" box="[463,522,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFE7D98A6E352A68D" ID-CoL="75LQ" box="[463,518,1715,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Puto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Puto</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and we agree with this synonymy. However, in agreement with
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFB5098A7E438A68E" author="Tang" box="[1250,1388,1713,1738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Tang, F. D. (1992) The Pseudococcidae of China (Homoptera: Coccinea of Insects). Beijing, Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, 767 pp." type="book" year="1992">Tang (1992)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFF2598C0E028A6AA" box="[151,380,1749,1774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Hardy, N. B., Gullan, P. J. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2008) A classification of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) based on integrated molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomolog y, 33, 51 - 71." type="journal article">
Hardy
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFF5A98C2E049A6A9" box="[232,285,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, we reject the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFD6298C3E26CA6AA" box="[720,824,1750,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Ceroputo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFD6298C3E26CA6AA" box="[720,824,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ceroputo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFC3298C2E2E1A6A9" ID-CoL="75LQ" box="[896,949,1751,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Puto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFC3298C2E2E1A6A9" box="[896,949,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a taxonomic action attributable to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAEFF9BFAE998C0E1B1A756" author="Ferris" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Ferris, G. F. (1918) The California species of mealy bugs. Leland Stanford Junior University Publications, University Series, Palo Alto, 78 pp." type="book" year="1918">Ferris (1918)</bibRefCitation>
. We also reject Kawais (1980) synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFD6D98EEE2F1A756" authority="Kanda" authorityName="Kanda" box="[735,933,1785,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Leococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFD6D98EEE201A755" box="[735,853,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Leococcus</emphasis>
Kanda
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFC5698EEE54DA755" ID-CoL="75LQ" box="[996,1049,1787,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Puto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFC5698EEE54DA755" box="[996,1049,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as discussed below under the taxonomic notes on
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAEFF9BFEE5990BE094A772" box="[343,448,1822,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Ceroputo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFEE5990BE094A772" box="[343,448,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ceroputo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36EAFFAEFF9AFF759954E30DA188" blockId="10.[151,1436,1425,2026]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,463]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFF759954E0E1A71D" bold="true" box="[199,437,1857,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnostic features.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAEFF9BFE0C9957E31AA71D" box="[446,590,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adult female</emphasis>
: eye height usually as great as length of first antennal segment; antennae usually with 9 segments, rarely with 8; antennal intersegmental sensilla present between segments IIIIV, IVV and VIVII; each surface of trochanter with 25 (usually 3 or 4) campaniform sensilla; claw usually with pair of basal spurs; claw digitules often capitate but tarsal digitules almost never capitate; at least 18 pairs of cerarii on sclerotised plates, if more pairs present, increase due to division of cerarii on certain segments; long tubular ducts almost always present on frons (anterior to mouthparts); multilocular pores present on venter (except in
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAFFF9AFA919E8CE19EA093" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Puto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peyerinhoffi">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAFFF9AFA919E8CE19EA093" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. peyerinhoffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); quinquelocular pores absent (except in
<taxonomicName id="4C504D69FFAFFF9AFD1D9EA8E201A093" box="[687,853,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Puto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peyerinhoffi">
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAFFF9AFD1D9EA8E201A093" box="[687,853,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. peyerinhoffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); trilocular pores usually of 3 sizes, ventral pores smallest, dorsal pores noticeably larger, cerarian pores slightly larger than dorsal pores.
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAFFF9AFBDA9EF5E416A0BF" box="[1128,1346,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Third-instar female</emphasis>
: resembles adult female but with 8-segmented antennae, 23 campaniform sensilla on each surface of trochanter, fewer pores and ducts and a non-functional vulva.
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAFFF9AFD359F3CE236A107" box="[647,866,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">First-instar nymph:</emphasis>
7-segmented antennae; multilocular pores with&gt;5 loculi.
<emphasis id="B924EAF8FFAFFF9AFF569F59E00AA123" box="[228,350,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Adult male</emphasis>
: row of 815 (usually 14) eyes surrounding head, plus a pair of lateral ocelli; with one pair of lateral filaments near apex of abdomen (each filament from glandular pouch on each side of abdominal segment VIII); penial sheath 1-segmented, apex of aedeagus either bifid or simple (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAFFF9AFC6B9F81E53FA1EB" author="Reyne" box="[985,1131,404,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Reyne, A. (1954) A redescription of Puto antennatus Sign. (Homoptera: Coccoidea) with notes on Ceroputo pilosellae Sulc and Macrocerococcus superbus Leon. Zoologische Mededelingen, 32, 291 - 324." type="journal article" year="1954">Reyne, 1954</bibRefCitation>
; Beardsley, 1962;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAFFF9AFA8B9F81E067A188" author="Miller" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Miller, D. R. &amp; Miller, G. L. (1993 b) A new species of Puto and preliminary analysis of the phylogenetic position of the Puto group within the Coccoidea (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Jeffersoniana: Contributions from the Virginia Museum of Natural History, 4, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">Miller &amp; Miller, 1993b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B1BFFAFFF9AFE8C9FA2E319A188" author="Hodgson" box="[318,589,439,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Foldi, I. (2006) A review of the Margarodidae sensu Morrison (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and some related taxa based on the morphology of adult males. Zootaxa, 1263, 1 - 250." type="journal article" year="2006">Hodgson &amp; Foldi, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>