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142 lines
20 KiB
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<document id="DC25DE88AAB0C0EF60308F4441772FC2" ID-CLB-Dataset="32259" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4312.3.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fac83449-52e6-4326-a5a9-a1c2807d5944" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="855617" ID-ZooBank="Bb8621E2-A2Aa-48A8-9Bc5-2E8384Da88Ef" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504174209551" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavesque, Nicolas" docDate="2017" docId="03D087E0FFBBFFE1249DFCEFFDC28773" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4312.3.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4312 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chaetozone Malmgren 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="567" masterDocId="FFE9FF98FFBAFFE3240AFFFFFF958564" masterDocTitle="A new species of Chaetozone (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae) from the Bay of Biscay offshore France, together with a review of Chaetozone species from the North Atlantic and adjacent waters" masterLastPageNumber="579" masterPageNumber="565" pageNumber="566" updateTime="1698467518214" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="93C3349C92E036CA73EE1EB11B9FE13A">A new species of Chaetozone (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae) from the Bay of Biscay offshore France, together with a review of Chaetozone species from the North Atlantic and adjacent waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7639725DD9427655DE64CA982759570B">Lavesque, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="792D68EF7CF2CC5BA7D3C27B944EB10F">
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<mods:date id="E682B68BD66EECEED7E9836817FA6C44">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="74C3162521B9916D39085CC427776B6D">2017-08-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EAA858B0992078A4140F84D2893A57B4">4312</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D087E0FFBBFFE1249DFCEFFDC28773" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6049827" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133099960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6049827" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087E0FFBBFFE1249DFCEFFDC28773" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087E0FFBBFFE1249DFCEFFDC28773" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">
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<subSubSection id="C363657DFFBBFFE2249DFCEFFDC5864E" box="[151,592,783,810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC636F6FFBBFFE2249DFCEFFDC5864E" blockId="1.[151,592,783,810]" box="[151,592,783,810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">
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<heading id="D08E819AFFBBFFE2249DFCEFFDC5864E" bold="true" box="[151,592,783,810]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE2249DFCEFFDC5864E" bold="true" box="[151,592,783,810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D75FFBBFFE224E4FCF0FDC5864E" ID-CoL="84M8M" authority="Malmgren, 1867" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[238,592,783,810]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetozone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE224E4FCF0FEEE864D" bold="true" box="[238,379,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">Chaetozone</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B07FFBBFFE22589FCEFFDC5864E" author="Malmgren" box="[387,592,784,810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Groenlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademien Forhandlingar, 24, 127 - 235." type="journal article" year="1867">Malmgren, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C363657DFFBBFFE2249DFCA9FD768608" box="[151,739,854,877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC636F6FFBBFFE2249DFCA9FD768608" blockId="1.[151,739,854,877]" box="[151,739,854,877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE2249DFCA9FE8F8608" bold="true" box="[151,282,854,876]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">Type species</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D75FFBBFFE2252DFCA9FDC58608" authority="Malmgren" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[295,592,854,877]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetozone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE2252DFCA9FE758609" box="[295,480,854,877]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">Chaetozone setosa</emphasis>
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Malmgren
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C363657DFFBBFFE2249DFC66FED68006" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC636F6FFBBFFE2249DFC66FED68006" blockId="1.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE2249DFC66FE8486D6" bold="true" box="[151,273,921,946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(Modified after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B07FFBBFFE225DCFC66FDCA86D6" author="Blake" box="[470,607,921,946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" refString="Blake, J. A. (2015) New species of Chaetozone and Tharyx (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic and the Northeastern Pacific, including a description of the lectotype of Chaetozone setosa Malmgren from Spitsbergen in the Norwegian Arctic. Zootaxa, 3919 (3), 501 - 552. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3919.3.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Blake 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). Prostomium blunt to conical, usually lacking eyespots, with a pair of small nuchal slits or depressions at posterior edge; with a single pair of grooved dorsal tentacles arising from posterior edge of peristomium, or sometimes more posterior on an achaetous anterior segment, or rarely an anterior setiger. First pair of branchiae arising from an achaetous segment or first setiger; sometimes with first two pairs of branchiae on a single anterior segment. Body thick in anterior segments, sometimes distinctly swollen or fusiform, rarely with middle or posterior body segments beaded or moniliform. Chaetae include capillaries on most setigers and acicular spines in neuropodia and notopodia, spines typically concentrated in posterior segments, forming distinct cinctures with spines emerging from elevated membranes; cinctures with few to many spines alternating with capillaries; some species with posterior noto- and neuropodial sigmoid acicular spines numerous, encircling entire posterior parapodia; bidentate spines sometimes present in juveniles or occasionally in ventral-most position of far posterior setigers of adults accompanying unidentate spines in cinctures; some species with long, natatorylike capillaries, these sometimes limited to gravid individuals. Pygidium a simple lobe, disk like, or with long terminal cirrus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C363657DFFBBFFE124CDFA92FDC28773" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC636F6FFBBFFE224CDFA92FCDD8372" blockId="1.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE224CDFA92FEAE80E2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1389,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D75FFBBFFE22548FA92FE5380E2" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[322,454,1389,1414]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetozone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE22548FA92FE5380E2" box="[322,454,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">Chaetozone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with more than 50 species is the largest genus in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D75FFBBFFE2202DFA92FF4E80CE" authority="(Blake & Magalhaes 2017)" authorityName="Blake & Magalhaes" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Blake & Magalhaes" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
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Cirratulidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B07FFBBFFE220B1FA92FF4180CE" author="Blake" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" refString="Blake, J. A. & Magalhaes, W. (2017) Family Cirratulidae Ryckholt, 1851. In: Westheide, W. & Purschke, G. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology Online, a Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom-Annelida, Polychaetes. De Gruyter, Berlin. [in press]" type="book chapter" year="2017">Blake & Magalhães 2017</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. This modified generic definition includes additional characters identified in recently described species as being important in species differentiation. These include details of where the dorsal tentacles and branchiae begin, the presence or absence of an achaetous segment between the peristomium and setiger 1, and details of the arrangement and morphology of the posterior acicular spines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636F6FFBBFFE224CDF9DEFCFA83AE" blockId="1.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">
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Historically, the name of the type-species,
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE226A3F9DEFC17835D" box="[681,898,1569,1594]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D75FFBBFFE226A3F9DEFCEB835D" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[681,894,1569,1594]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetozone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="setosa">Chaetozone setosa</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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originally described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B07FFBBFFE2209CF9DEFAC8835E" author="Malmgren" box="[1174,1373,1569,1594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Groenlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademien Forhandlingar, 24, 127 - 235." type="journal article" year="1867">Malmgren (1867)</bibRefCitation>
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from Spitzbergen in the Norwegian Arctic, was applied globally to cirratulid species having posterior cinctures of spines. New investigations have demonstrated that the majority of these records are actually distinct species (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B07FFBBFFE2249DF972FE8F83C2" author="Blake" box="[151,282,1677,1702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" refString="Blake, J. A. (1996) Chapter 8. Family Cirratulidae Ryckholdt, 1851. Including a revision of the genera and species from the eastern North Pacific. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. & Scott, P. V. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 6. The Annelida Part 3 - Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, pp. 263 - 384." type="book chapter" year="1996">Blake 1996</bibRefCitation>
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; 2006, 2015;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B07FFBBFFE225BBF972FDF183C2" author="Chambers" box="[433,612,1677,1702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" refString="Chambers, S. J. (2000) A redescription of Chaetozone setosa Malmgren, 1867 including a definition of the genus, and a description of a new species of Chaetozone (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the northeast Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science, 67 (1), 587 - 596." type="journal article" year="2000">Chambers 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B07FFBBFFE22665F971FCCE83C2" author="Doner" box="[623,859,1677,1702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" refString="Doner, S. A. & Blake, J. A. (2006) New species of Cirratulidae (Polychaeta) from the northeastern United States. Scientia Marina, 70 (Supplment), 65 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2006.70 s 365" type="journal article" year="2006">Doner & Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
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), with
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D75FFBBFFE227ACF971FB9983C1" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[934,1036,1678,1701]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetozone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE227ACF971FB9983C1" box="[934,1036,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">C. setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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itself limited to arctic and subarctic sites in the eastern North Atlantic (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B07FFBBFFE22617F94EFD4683AE" author="Chambers" box="[541,723,1713,1738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" refString="Chambers, S. J. (2000) A redescription of Chaetozone setosa Malmgren, 1867 including a definition of the genus, and a description of a new species of Chaetozone (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the northeast Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science, 67 (1), 587 - 596." type="journal article" year="2000">Chambers 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B07FFBBFFE226D4F94EFCF183AE" author="Blake" box="[734,868,1713,1738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" refString="Blake, J. A. (2015) New species of Chaetozone and Tharyx (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic and the Northeastern Pacific, including a description of the lectotype of Chaetozone setosa Malmgren from Spitsbergen in the Norwegian Arctic. Zootaxa, 3919 (3), 501 - 552. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3919.3.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Blake 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636F6FFBBFFE224CDF92AFD33828E" blockId="1.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D75FFBBFFE2254DF92AFE5E838A" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[327,459,1749,1774]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetozone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE2254DF92AFE5E838A" box="[327,459,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">Chaetozone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are characterized by having posterior acicular spines arranged in spreading fascicles that either partially or completely encircle the posterior end of the body, producing distinctive cinctures with the numerous protruding spines forming a conspicuous armature. The parapodia are often enlarged with high membranes and a group of these segments may be shaped like an accordion. The number of spines in the cinctures has proven to be important in distinguishing one species from another. The acicular spines are typically unidentate and either blunt-tipped or pointed and accompanied by alternating capillaries. One group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D75FFBBFFE220B7F876FAD482C6" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[1213,1345,1929,1954]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetozone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="566" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFBBFFE220B7F876FAD482C6" box="[1213,1345,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="566">Chaetozone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species has spines with a fine tip that curves and attaches to the concave side of the shaft. In a few species, one or two bidentate spines occur with the acicular spines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636F6FFB8FFE124CDFF68FED48424" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
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Other characters now known to be important in distinguishing species or groups of species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D75FFB8FFE12112FF68FA0985D4" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[1304,1436,151,176]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetozone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFB8FFE12112FF68FA0985D4" box="[1304,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Chaetozone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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include the nature of segment 1 and whether it is achaetous or represents the first setiger. The first segment may be partially or completely fused with setiger 1; in some species the dorsal tentacles and/or branchiae arise from segment 1. These characters and others in Table 1 help differentiate the twelve species now known to occur in the North Atlantic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636F6FFB8FFE124CDFEB2FDC28773" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
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Due to the increasing number of species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D75FFB8FFE126D2FEB3FCC98401" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[728,860,332,357]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Chaetozone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE4FFB8FFE126D2FEB3FCC98401" box="[728,860,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Chaetozone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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being described,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B07FFB8FFE12038FEB3FB5F8401" author="Blake" box="[1074,1226,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" refString="Blake, J. A. (2015) New species of Chaetozone and Tharyx (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic and the Northeastern Pacific, including a description of the lectotype of Chaetozone setosa Malmgren from Spitsbergen in the Norwegian Arctic. Zootaxa, 3919 (3), 501 - 552. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3919.3.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Blake (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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listed a series of characters important for their identification and suggested that these could also be used to separate certain species into groups. The new species from the Bay of Biscay has several identifying characters including the presence of a distinct dorsal crest on the peristomium, a separate achaetous segment with branchiae anterior to the first setiger, a swollen fusiform-shaped anterior body region, and numerous subdermal glands that produce an elaborate and complex Methyl Green staining pattern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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