169 lines
41 KiB
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169 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="8505C72B051916C248828F077475AFDE" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13700770" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725575392568" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bosak, Sunčica & Sarno, Diana" docDate="2017" docId="038587FE5157FFF16AE5FB1DDDAEFEC9" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.314.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 314 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Chateoceros contortus Schutt 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFBCFF865144FFE46A6DFFCBDD70FFEC" masterDocTitle="The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1725585328926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="C1959E3B06A72EEA4FAB1CDE64965E2B">The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A0B2F9B36698D3162C0CEA59E68E6FFA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="684627FADD4EE4DE09F857B2CBF3CC87">Bosak, Sunčica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D4207F6A9122500BC2A17300FDDC956A">University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="69684E2F3A4B4DCAB26DB46CB0A21055">Sarno, Diana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D6795D923227BE44944F9B04267C6F8C">Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1784D7396E30239C38677DF80B0F0EBC">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="18DCCF957108D7017087657BAD23E501">2017</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF76AE5FB1DDF9DFB1D" blockId="19.[136,749,1238,1265]" box="[136,749,1238,1265]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0DB81845157FFF76AE5FB1DDF9DFB1D" box="[136,749,1238,1265]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D10F95157FFF76AE5FB1DDF26FB1D" author="Schutt, F." box="[136,598,1238,1265]" page=")" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1895">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D6B5157FFF76AE5FB1DDF26FB1D" authority="Schutt (1895: 44)" authorityName="Schutt" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1895" box="[136,598,1238,1265]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chateoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="contortus">
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AE5FB1DDCFBFB1D" bold="true" box="[136,395,1238,1265]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chateoceros contortus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76BFFFB13DF26FB1D" author="Schutt, F." box="[402,598,1240,1265]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref29635" refString="Schutt, F. (1895) Arten von Chaetoceras und Peragallia. Ein Beitrag zur Hochseeflora. Berichte der Deutsche Botanisch Gesellschaft 13: 35 - 50." type="journal article" year="1895">Schütt (1895: 44)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76808FB13DF95FB1D" box="[613,741,1240,1265]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 83–94</figureCitation>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33665635157FFF16AE5FB35DDAEFEC9" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF76AE5FB35DC53FAB7" blockId="19.[136,1451,1278,1371]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AE5FB35DD87FAFF" bold="true" box="[136,247,1278,1299]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">References</emphasis>
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:—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76B79FB35DF54FAFF" author="Rines, J. E. B. & Hargraves, P. E." box="[276,548,1278,1299]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref29358" refString="Rines, J. E. B. & Hargraves, P. E. (1988) The Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) Flora of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, U. S. A. Bibliotheca Phycologica, Band 79, J. Cramer, Berlin, 196 pp." type="book" year="1988">Rines and Hargraves (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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||
(as
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D6B5157FFF76821FB35DFA7FAFF" ID-CoL="TB39" authorityName="Lauder" authorityYear="1864" box="[588,727,1278,1299]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="compressus">
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<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76821FB35DFA7FAFF" box="[588,727,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. compressus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
),
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76886FB35DE9DFAFF" author="Jensen, K. G. & Moestrup, O." box="[747,1005,1278,1299]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref27749" refString="Jensen, K. G. & Moestrup, O. (1998) The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) in innner Danish coastal waters. Opera Botanica 133: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Jensen & Moestrup (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF7699AFB35D86FFAFF" author="Berard-Therriault, L. & Poulin, M. & Bosse, L." box="[1015,1311,1278,1299]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref25548" refString="Berard-Therriault, L., Poulin, M. & Bosse, L. (1999) Guide d'identification du phytoplancton marin de l'estuarie et du golfe du Saint- Laurent incluant egalement certains protozoaires (Guide to the identifying marine phytoplankton of the estuary and gulf of St. Lawrence including certain protozoans). Publication speciale canadienne des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques, Ottawa, 387 pp." type="book" year="1999">
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||
Bérard-Therriault
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||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76ECAFB35D9A1FAFF" box="[1191,1233,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76F44FB35D8D7FAFF" author="Rines, J. E. B." box="[1321,1447,1278,1299]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="539 - 551" refId="ref29302" refString="Rines, J. E. B. (1999) Morphology and taxonomy of Chaetoceros contortus Schutt 1895, with preliminary observations on Chaetoceros compressus Lauder 1864 (Subgenus Hyalochaete, Section Compressa). Botanica Marina 42: 539 - 551. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 1999.061" type="journal article" year="1999">Rines (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76AD0FAE9DCFFFADB" author="Sunesen, I. & Hernandez-Becerril, D. U. & Sar, E. A." box="[189,399,1314,1335]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="303 - 326" refId="ref29885" refString="Sunesen, I., Hernandez-Becerril, D. U. & Sar, E. A. (2008) Marine diatoms from Buenos Aires coastal waters (Argentina). V. Species of the genus Chaetoceros. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia 43: 303 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / s 0718 - 19572008000200009" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sunesen
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76B79FAE9DC30FADB" box="[276,320,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76BF4FAE9DF1DFADB" author="Kooistra, W. H. C. F. & Sarno, D. & Hernandez-Becerril, D. U. & Assmy, P. & Di Prisco, C. & Montresor, M." box="[409,621,1314,1335]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="471 - 500" refId="ref27928" refString="Kooistra, W. H. C. F., Sarno, D., Hernandez-Becerril, D. U., Assmy, P., Di Prisco, C. & Montresor, M. (2010) Comparative molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses of taxa in the Chaetocerotaceae (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia 5: 471 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.2216 / 09 - 59.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Kooistra
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76B9EFAE9DF6EFADB" box="[499,542,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76815FAE9DEEAFADB" author="Shevchenko, O. & Orlova, T." box="[632,922,1314,1335]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="243 - 251" refId="ref29716" refString="Shevchenko, O. & Orlova, T. (2010) Morphology and ecology of the bloom-forming diatom Chaetoceros contortus from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 36: 243 - 251. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074010040024" type="journal article" year="2010">Shevchenko & Orlova (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF769C8FAE9D926FADB" author="Lee, S. D. & Lee, J. H." box="[933,1110,1314,1335]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="153 - 165" refId="ref28194" refString="Lee, S. D. & Lee, J. H. (2011) Morphology and taxonomy of the planktonic diatom Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyceae) with special intercalary setae in Korean coastal waters. Algae 26: 153 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.4490 / algae. 2011.26.2.153" type="journal article" year="2011">Lee & Lee (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B195157FFF76E0CFAE9D860FADB" author="Lee, S. D. & Joo, H. M. & Lee, J. H." box="[1121,1296,1314,1335]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="614 - 638" refId="ref28128" refString="Lee, S. D., Joo, H. M. & Lee, J. H. (2014 a) Critical criteria for identification of the genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyta) based on setae ultrastructure. II. Subgenus Hyalochaete. Phycologia 53: 614 - 638. https: // doi. org / 10.2216 / 14 - 51 R 2.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
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||
Lee
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||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76EE6FAE9D9CDFADB" box="[1163,1213,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Chamnansip
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||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76FF7FAE9DDA7FAB7" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF76AE5FA47DFD4FA49" blockId="19.[136,1452,1420,2093]" box="[136,676,1420,1445]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AE5FA47DC4BFA49" bold="true" box="[136,315,1420,1445]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Morphometry:</emphasis>
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—a.a.: 6–23 μm; p.a.: 7–24 μm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF76AD0FA7BD8FBF8E1" blockId="19.[136,1452,1420,2093]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AD0FA7BDD84FA25" bold="true" box="[189,244,1456,1481]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">LM:</emphasis>
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||
—Cells are united in long and straight chains, often twisted about the chain axis (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76E09FA7BD9C5FA25" box="[1124,1205,1456,1481]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
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). Cells are cylindrical, in girdle view rectangular with markedly rounded corners, in valve view nearly circular. Cells contain 5–12 small discoid-like chloroplasts (
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<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76BC5FA33DC8BF9FD" box="[424,507,1528,1553]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
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). The valve face is slightly convex with a central inflation. The mantle is more or less high with the girdle equidimensional or wider than the mantle. The setae originate within the valve margin and cross each other at the chain margin after a basal part of medium length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF769FDF98BDE97F9B5" box="[912,999,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
|
||
). The apertures are relatively wide, and have a hexagonal shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76BF6F9AFDF6BF991" box="[411,539,1636,1661]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 84, 86</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD615157FFF768F1F9AFDE77F991" box="[668,775,1636,1661]" count="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of intercalary setae: common and special. Common setae are thin, generally oriented almost perpendicularly to the chain axis, and slightly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76E29F943D9E7F94D" box="[1092,1175,1672,1697]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
|
||
). Special setae are thick, heavily silicified and bend in a bell-like curve towards the nearest extremity of the chain (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76E1BF967D9B9F929" box="[1142,1225,1708,1733]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
|
||
). The terminal setae resemble the normal intercalary setae but they are directed outwards from the terminal valve forming a V-like shape. Resting spores are positioned centrally within the parent cell, with both valves smooth and dome-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76F47F93FD80EF8E1" box="[1322,1406,1780,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336E85157FFF06AD0F8D3DF8FFEC9" blockId="19.[136,1452,1420,2093]" lastBlockId="20.[136,1452,160,293]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5157FFF76AD0F8D3DD84F8DD" bold="true" box="[189,244,1816,1841]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">EM:</emphasis>
|
||
—The valve has a central annulus from which extends a complex pattern of radiating costae, branching dichotomously towards the valve margin and becoming parallel on the valve mantle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76E1AF8F7D872F8B9" box="[1143,1282,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 87, 88</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some costae originate from small spirals scattered on the valve face. The costae are often interconnected with transverse short connections. The central annulus is not hyaline but filled with an irregular reticulate pattern, and the only hyaline area on the valve surface is observed around the bases of the setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF7693BF863DEAAF82D" box="[854,986,1960,1985]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 87, 88</figureCitation>
|
||
). The marginal ridge possesses a hyaline rim, often extending into somewhat rectangular-shaped siliceous projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76988F807D9FFF809" box="[997,1167,1996,2021]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 87, 89, 90</figureCitation>
|
||
). A rimoportula is present only in terminal valves. It is in the form of a round hole from the internal view and externally appears as a short clublike tube (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5157FFF76A95F7DFDC0CF7C1" box="[248,380,2068,2093]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 90–92</figureCitation>
|
||
). Girdle bands are adorned with transverse fine costae and with a longitudinal rib near one edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5150FFF06AFDFF6BDD94FF55" box="[144,228,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||
). Common setae are circular in cross-section and ornamented with shark fin-shaped spines arranged in a spiral pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6D5150FFF06A8BFF0FDC4BFF31" box="[230,315,196,221]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–94" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-83@20.[151,1436,317,1746]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
|
||
). The longitudinal costae extend parallel with the seta axis but can also be arranged in a slight spiral pattern. Transverse costae are found perpendicular to each other and form a regular reticulate ornamentation pattern across the setae. Special setae were not observed in EM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5366605150FFF06AE5F920DEE2F7CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13700790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700790/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[136,243,1771,1792]" targetBox="[151,1431,317,1746]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336E85150FFF06AE5F920DEE2F7CC" blockId="20.[136,1452,1771,2080]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5150FFF06AE5F920DC4DF8EC" bold="true" box="[136,317,1771,1792]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURES 83–94.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5150FFF06B29F920DF55F8EC" box="[324,549,1771,1792]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D6B5150FFF06B29F920DF51F8EC" box="[324,545,1771,1792]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="contortus">Chaetoceros contortus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336E85151FFF16AD0FF6BDDAEFEC9" blockId="21.[136,1452,160,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAFA5151FFF16AD0FF6BDCDDFF55" bold="true" box="[189,429,160,185]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distinctive features:</emphasis>
|
||
—Cylindrical cells united in very long and slightly twisted chains. Special, thick intercalary setae often present. Valve face, including central annulus, having a complex ornamentation pattern with transverse connections between branching costae and presence of small spirals. Setae showing a regular reticulate ornamentation pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |