3067 lines
267 KiB
XML
3067 lines
267 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1113-111" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1C87725ABA4D5A2DBE0FD04533B28121" ID-ZooBank="72D6D6BC40CF4FCE96C9C4566578C817" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1113-111" checkinTime="1658252684902" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lozano, Alfredo Perez, Lasso-Alcala, Oscar M., Bittencourt, Pedro S., Taphorn, Donald C., Perez, Nayibe & Farias, Izeni Pires" docDate="2022" docId="DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1113: 111-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1113" docPubDate="2022-07-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240" docTitle="Astronotus mikoljii Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="ECF46E72-25E7-4F1A-A0FC-53581D75241E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="1C87725ABA4D5A2DBE0FD04533B28121" lastPageNumber="111" masterDocId="1C87725ABA4D5A2DBE0FD04533B28121" masterDocTitle="A new species of Astronotus (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Orinoco River and Gulf of Paria basins, northern South America" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1658252987188" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A new species of Astronotus (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Orinoco River and Gulf of Paria basins, northern South America</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Lozano, Alfredo Perez</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-921X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">piracatinga@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Lasso-Alcala, Oscar M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales (MHNLS), Caracas, Venezuela</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Bittencourt, Pedro S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolucao e Genetica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Taphorn, Donald C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>BioCentro, Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora (UNELLEZ), Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Perez, Nayibe</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>BioCentro, Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora (UNELLEZ), Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Farias, Izeni Pires</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolucao e Genetica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number>2022-07-18</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>1113</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>111</mods:start>
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<mods:end>152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1113-111</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">72D6D6BC40CF4FCE96C9C4566578C817</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1C87725ABA4D5A2DBE0FD04533B28121</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ECF46E72-25E7-4F1A-A0FC-53581D75241E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/ECF46E72-25E7-4F1A-A0FC-53581D75241E" authority="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias, 2022" authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Cichliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii" status="sp. nov.">Astronotus mikoljii</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="111">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., preserved holotype MCNG 56677 (240.12 mm SL), Venezuela., Estado Apure, Municipio Pedro Camejo in a small stream tributary of Arauca River. Photograph: Ivan Mikolji." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716297" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">; Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Radiographs of paratypes of Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. and details of the supraneural bones A MHNLS 198 (116.7 mm SL) B MHNLS 26123 (140.4 mm SL) C MHNLS 24054 (227.5 mm SL). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716298" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Radiographs of the caudal skeleton in Astronotus species showing magnified details A A. mikoljii sp. nov. (MHNLS 24059, 205.5 mm SL) B A. crassipinnis INPA-ICT 33889 (204.3 mm SL) C A. ocellatus USNM 284442 (79.6 mm SL). Abbreviations: hypurapophysis (PP) of parahypural bone (PH), epurals (E 1 - E 2) and neural spine (NEU 2, diastema (D), preural centrum (CP), epaxial caudal rays (ECR), hypaxial caudal rays (HCR), epaxial procurrent caudal rays (EPCR) hypaxial procurrent caudal rays (HPCR). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716299" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Left sagitta otoliths (medial view) of A Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. B A. crassipinnis C A. ocellatus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716300" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. A live coloration of specimens collected with holotype B Natural shallow pond and type locality in floodplain of Arauca River Venezuela. Photographs: Ivan Mikolji." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716302" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">, 8a-8</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Maximum clade credibility tree from 9,000 posterior trees generated using BEAST 2.6. Dataset comprised 22 unique haplotypes (from a total of 102) of Astronotus COI sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities above 0.95 are shown as dark nodes. Species delimitations are shown by method as colored boxes. The number of collapsed individuals is indicated in parentheses and outside of it the locations where they were sampled. The scientific name of the new species is red. The figure was created in R 4.1.1 using the package ' ggtree' and the final graphic in Inkscape." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716303" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">, 9</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Plot of scores of Canonical Variants Analysis (CVA), from comparative sagitta otoliths morphometric data of Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. (red crosses), A. ocellatus (blue squares), and A. crassipinnis (green triangles)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716304" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">, 10</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="synonymy">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Synonymy.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus ocellatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fowler, H" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="419 - 437" refId="B34" refString="Fowler, H, 1911. Some Fishes from Venezuela. Proceedings. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 63 (2): 419 - 437" title="Some Fishes from Venezuela. Proceedings." volume="63" year="1911">Fowler 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 437 (first description with specimens from Venezuela);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Luengo, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="319 - 339" refId="B82" refString="Luengo, J, 1963. La fauna ictiologica del Lago de Valencia (Venezuela) y algunas consideraciones sobre las demas hoyas del pais y Trinidad. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 3: 319 - 339" title="La fauna ictiologica del Lago de Valencia (Venezuela) y algunas consideraciones sobre las demas hoyas del pais y Trinidad." volume="3" year="1963">Luengo 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 337 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Leon, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - Office International des Epizooties" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1127 - 1134" refId="B74" refString="Leon, J, 1966. Piscicultura rural en Venezuela. Bulletin - Office International des Epizooties 65 (7-8): 1127 - 1134" title="Piscicultura rural en Venezuela." volume="65" year="1966">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
|
||
1966
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1127-1134 (brief note);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Yépez">Fernandez-Yepez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antón">Anton</normalizedToken>
|
||
1966: 83 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mago, F" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="237 - 262" refId="B92" refString="Mago, F, 1967. Notas preliminares sobre los peces de los llanos de Venezuela. Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 27 (112): 237 - 262" title="Notas preliminares sobre los peces de los llanos de Venezuela." volume="27" year="1967">Mago 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 259 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mago, F" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="71 - 102" refId="B93" refString="Mago, F, 1970a. Estudios preliminares sobre la ecologia de los peces de los llanos de Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 7 (1): 71 - 102" title="Estudios preliminares sobre la ecologia de los peces de los llanos de Venezuela." volume="7" year="1970 a">Mago 1970a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 76, 78, 80, 87, 88, 92, 96 (biological data), 1970b: 20 (picture, notes), 1978: 14, 15, 17, 22 (picture, brief description);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novoa, D" journalOrPublisher="Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B114" refString="Novoa, D, Ramos, F, 1978. Las Pesquerias comerciales del rio Orinoco. Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, Caracas" title="Las Pesquerias comerciales del rio Orinoco." year="1978">Novoa and Ramos 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 134-138 (note, picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.82400" author="Kullander, SO" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="675 - 692" refId="B51" refString="Kullander, SO, 1981. Cichlid fishes from the La Plata basin. Part I. Collections from Paraguay in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 88: 675 - 692, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.82400" title="Cichlid fishes from the La Plata basin. Part I. Collections from Paraguay in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.82400" volume="88" year="1981">Kullander 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 682, 683 (morphological description of Orinoco specimens, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Roman, B" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion Cientifica Fluvial de los Llanos, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B139" refString="Roman, B, 1981. Los Pavones. Coleccion: Los peces de los Llanos de Venezuela. Fundacion Cientifica Fluvial de los Llanos, Caracas" title="Los Pavones. Coleccion: Los peces de los Llanos de Venezuela." year="1981">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
1981
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 62, 136 (identification key, picture, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cervigon, F" journalOrPublisher="Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B19" refString="Cervigon, F, 1982. Ilustraciones: Astronotus ocellatus, pavona o cupaneca. P.:354. In: Novoa D (Ed.) Los Recursos Pesqueros del Rio Orinoco y su Explotacion. Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, Caracas" title="Ilustraciones: Astronotus ocellatus, pavona o cupaneca. P.: 354. In: Novoa D (Ed.) Los Recursos Pesqueros del Rio Orinoco y su Explotacion." year="1982">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cervigón">Cervigon</normalizedToken>
|
||
1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 354 (picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novoa, D" editor="Novoa, D" journalOrPublisher="Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="263 - 324" refId="B115" refString="Novoa, D, Cervigon, F, Ramos, F, 1982. Catalogo de los Recursos Pesqueros del Delta del Rio Orinoco. In: Novoa, D, Ed., Los Recursos Pesqueros del Rio Orinoco y su Explotacion. Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, Caracas: 263 - 324" title="Catalogo de los Recursos Pesqueros del Delta del Rio Orinoco." volumeTitle="Los Recursos Pesqueros del Rio Orinoco y su Explotacion." year="1982">Novoa et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 312-313, fig. 62 (biological and ecological data, picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cervigon, F" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Arte, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B20" refString="Cervigon, F, 1983. La Acuicultura en Venezuela. Estado Actual y Perspectivas. Editorial Arte, Caracas" title="La Acuicultura en Venezuela. Estado Actual y Perspectivas." year="1983">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cervigón">Cervigon</normalizedToken>
|
||
1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 118-119 (experimental aquaculture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ginez, A" journalOrPublisher="Division General de Planificacion Ambiental, Serie de Informes Tecnicos, DGSPOA / IT / 183, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B40" refString="Ginez, A, Olivo, M, 1984. Inventario de los embalses con informacion basica para la actividad piscicola, Parte I: Sinopsis de los embalses administrados por el MARNR. Division General de Planificacion Ambiental, Serie de Informes Tecnicos, DGSPOA/ IT/ 183, Caracas" title="Inventario de los embalses con informacion basica para la actividad piscicola, Parte I: Sinopsis de los embalses administrados por el MARNR." year="1984">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ginéz">Ginez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Olivo 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 159 (note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ginez, A" journalOrPublisher="Division General de Planificacion Ambiental, Serie de Informes Tecnicos, DGSPOA / IT / 185, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B41" refString="Ginez, A, Olivo, M, Rodriguez, A, 1984. Inventario de los embalses con informacion basica para la actividad piscicola, Parte III: Sinopsis de los embalses administrados por el INOS. Division General de Planificacion Ambiental, Serie de Informes Tecnicos, DGSPOA/ IT/ 185, Caracas" title="Inventario de los embalses con informacion basica para la actividad piscicola, Parte III: Sinopsis de los embalses administrados por el INOS." year="1984">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ginéz">Ginez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 184 (notes);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taphorn, DC" journalOrPublisher="Biollania" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="55 - 86" refId="B159" refString="Taphorn, DC, Lilyestrom, CG, 1984. Los peces del modulo "Fernando Corrales". Resultados ictiologicos del proyecto de investigacion del CONICIT - PIMA 18. Biollania 2: 55 - 86" title="Los peces del modulo " Fernando Corrales ". Resultados ictiologicos del proyecto de investigacion del CONICIT - PIMA 18." volume="2" year="1984">Taphorn and Lilyestrom 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 70, 71, 74, 75, 75, 83, 84 (ecological data);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Roman, B" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Biosfera, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B140" refString="Roman, B, 1985. Peces de agua dulce de Venezuela. Editorial Biosfera, Caracas" title="Peces de agua dulce de Venezuela." year="1985">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 33 (brief morphological description, note, picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kullander, SO" journalOrPublisher="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B53" refString="Kullander, SO, 1986. Cichlid Fishes from the Amazon River Drainage of Peru. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm" title="Cichlid Fishes from the Amazon River Drainage of Peru." year="1986">Kullander 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 68 (taxonomic status);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novoa, D" editor="Gremone, C" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Biosfera, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="223 - 246" refId="B112" refString="Novoa, D, 1986. Los peces de agua dulce. In: Gremone, C, Cervigon, F, Gorzula, S, Medina, G, Novoa, D, Eds., Fauna de Venezuela, Vertebrados. Editorial Biosfera, Caracas: 223 - 246" title="Los peces de agua dulce." volumeTitle="Fauna de Venezuela, Vertebrados." year="1986">Novoa 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 245 (note); Machado-Allison 1987: 30, 31, 32, 39, 42,43, 47, 48, 60, 61, 62, 94, 114 (biological and ecological data, juvenile picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" editor="Machado-Allison, A" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="129 - 136" refId="B88" refString="Machado-Allison, A, Mago-Leccia, F, Castillo, O, Royero, R, Marrero, C, 1987. Lista de especies de peces reportadas en los diferentes cuerpos de agua de los Bajos Llanos de Venezuela. In: Machado-Allison, A, Ed., Los Peces de los Llanos de Venezuela: Un Ensayo sobre su Historia Natural. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas: 129 - 136" title="Lista de especies de peces reportadas en los diferentes cuerpos de agua de los Bajos Llanos de Venezuela." volumeTitle="Los Peces de los Llanos de Venezuela: Un Ensayo sobre su Historia Natural." year="1987">Machado-Allison et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 136 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B57" refString="Lasso, C, 1988. Inventario de la ictiofauna de nueve lagunas de inundacion del Bajo Orinoco, Venezuela. Parte II: (Siluriformes-Gymnotiformes) - ACANTHOPTERYGII. Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 48(Suplemento 2): 355-385." title="Inventario de la ictiofauna de nueve lagunas de inundacion del Bajo Orinoco, Venezuela. Parte II: (Siluriformes-Gymnotiformes) - ACANTHOPTERYGII. Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 48 (Suplemento 2): 355 - 385." year="1988">Lasso 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 371, 372, 381 (list, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Roman, B" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion Cientifica Fluvial de los Llanos, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B141" refString="Roman, B, 1988. Los Pavones. Coleccion: Los peces de los Llanos de Venezuela. Fundacion Cientifica Fluvial de los Llanos, Caracas" title="Los Pavones. Coleccion: Los peces de los Llanos de Venezuela." year="1988">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 62 (identification key, picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rengifo, A" journalOrPublisher="PROFAUNA / IT / 01, Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales Renovables, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B133" refString="Rengifo, A, 1989. Diagnostico preliminar de la situacion actual de la ictiofauna con valor ornamental. Serie de Informes Tecnicos. PROFAUNA/IT/01, Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales Renovables, Caracas" title="Diagnostico preliminar de la situacion actual de la ictiofauna con valor ornamental. Serie de Informes Tecnicos." year="1989">Rengifo 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9-16 (note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004815" author="Winemiller, KO" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Biology of Fishes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="177 - 199" refId="B167" refString="Winemiller, KO, 1989a. Ontogenetic diet shifts and resource partitioning among piscivorous fishes in the Venezuelan llanos. Environmental Biology of Fishes 26 (3): 177 - 199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004815" title="Ontogenetic diet shifts and resource partitioning among piscivorous fishes in the Venezuelan llanos." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004815" volume="26" year="1989 a">Winemiller 1989a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 180 (ecological data), 1989b: 241 (ecological data);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novoa, D" editor="Weibezahn, F" journalOrPublisher="Fondo Editorial Acta Cientifica Venezolana, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="387 - 406" refId="B113" refString="Novoa, D, 1990. El rio Orinoco y sus Pesquerias: estado actual, perspectivas futuras y las investigaciones necesarias. In: Weibezahn, F, Alvarez, H, Lewis, W, Eds., El Orinoco como Ecosistema. Fondo Editorial Acta Cientifica Venezolana, Caracas: 387 - 406" title="El rio Orinoco y sus Pesquerias: estado actual, perspectivas futuras y las investigaciones necesarias." volumeTitle="El Orinoco como Ecosistema." year="1990">Novoa 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 396 (listed);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Lewis 1990: 322 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1446432" author="Winemiller, KO" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="665 - 673" refId="B169" refString="Winemiller, KO, 1990. Caudal Eyespots as Deterrents against Fin Predation in the Neotropical Cichlid Astronotus ocellatus. Copeia 3 (3): 665 - 673, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1446432" title="Caudal Eyespots as Deterrents against Fin Predation in the Neotropical Cichlid Astronotus ocellatus." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1446432" volume="3" year="1990">Winemiller 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 665-672 (ecological data), 1991: 360 (ecological data);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Monente, JA" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B106" refString="Monente, JA, 1992. Las Pesquerias del Estado Cojedes. Monografia 40. Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas" title="Las Pesquerias del Estado Cojedes. Monografia 40." year="1992">Monente 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 137 (note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Roman, B" journalOrPublisher="Monografia 39, Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B142" refString="Roman, B, 1992. Peces ornamentales de Venezuela. Monografia 39, Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas" title="Peces ornamentales de Venezuela." year="1992">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 33 (picture, notes);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B85" refString="Machado-Allison, A, 1993. Los Peces de los Llanos de Venezuela: Un Ensayo sobre su Historia Natural. CDCH. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas" title="Los Peces de los Llanos de Venezuela: Un Ensayo sobre su Historia Natural. CDCH." year="1993">Machado-Allison 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 30, 31, 39, 43, 48, 61, 94, 114 (biological and ecological data, picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="77 - 94" refId="B87" refString="Machado-Allison, A, Moreno, H, 1993. Inventario y aspectos de la comunidad de peces del rio Orituco (Edo. Guarico). Acta Biologica Venezuelica 14 (4): 77 - 94" title="Inventario y aspectos de la comunidad de peces del rio Orituco (Edo. Guarico)." volume="14" year="1993">Machado-Allison and Moreno 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 83 (note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Royero, R" journalOrPublisher="Monografia 39, Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B143" refString="Royero, R, 1993. Peces ornamentales de Venezuela. Cuadernos Lagoven. Caracas, 106 pp." title="Peces ornamentales de Venezuela. Cuadernos Lagoven. Caracas, 106 pp." year="1993">Royero 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 98 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barbarino-Duque, A" journalOrPublisher="UNELLEZ y Fundacion Polar, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B10" refString="Barbarino-Duque, A, Taphorn, DC, 1994. Especies de la Pesca Deportiva, Una Guia de Identificacion y Reglamentacion de los Peces de Agua Dulce en Venezuela. UNELLEZ y Fundacion Polar, Caracas" title="Especies de la Pesca Deportiva, Una Guia de Identificacion y Reglamentacion de los Peces de Agua Dulce en Venezuela." year="1994">Barbarino-Duque and Taphorn 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 100, 101 (note, picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012178075-3/50006-4" author="Winemiller, KO" editor="Cody, ML" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, Orlando, Florida" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="99 - 134" refId="B171" refString="Winemiller, KO, 1996. Dynamic Diversity in Fish Assemblages of Tropical Rivers. In: Cody, ML, Smallwood, JA, Eds., Long-term Studies of Vertebrate Communities. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida: 99 - 134, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012178075-3/50006-4" title="Dynamic Diversity in Fish Assemblages of Tropical Rivers." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012178075-3/50006-4" volumeTitle="Long-term Studies of Vertebrate Communities." year="1996">Winemiller 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 111, 112, 129 (ecological data);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Winemiller, KO" journalOrPublisher="Biollania" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="13 - 48" refId="B172" refString="Winemiller, KO, Marrero, C, Taphorn, DC, 1996. Perturbaciones causadas por el hombre a las poblaciones de peces de los llanos y del piedemonte andino de Venezuela. Biollania 12: 13 - 48" title="Perturbaciones causadas por el hombre a las poblaciones de peces de los llanos y del piedemonte andino de Venezuela." volume="12" year="1996">Winemiller et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 26, 38 (biological and ecological data);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Lewis 1997: 114 (ecological data);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fuller, PL" journalOrPublisher="American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 27, Maryland" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B37" refString="Fuller, PL, Nico, LG, William, JD, 1999. Non indigenous fishes introduced into inland waters of the United States. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 27, Maryland" title="Non indigenous fishes introduced into inland waters of the United States." year="1999">Fuller et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 415 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 28" refId="B61" refString="Lasso, C, Rial, A, Lasso-Alcala, O, 1999. Composicion y variabilidad espacio-temporal de las comunidades de peces en ambientes inundables de los Llanos de Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 19 (2): 1 - 28" title="Composicion y variabilidad espacio-temporal de las comunidades de peces en ambientes inundables de los Llanos de Venezuela." volume="19" year="1999">Lasso et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28 (listed, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mojica, JI" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Ichthyology" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B104" refString="Mojica, JI, 1999. Lista preliminar de las especies de peces dulceacuicolas de Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias 23(Suplemento Especial): 547-566." title="Lista preliminar de las especies de peces dulceacuicolas de Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias 23 (Suplemento Especial): 547 - 566." year="1999">Mojica 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 564 (listed, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maldonado-Ocampo, J" journalOrPublisher="Dahlia" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="61 - 74" refId="B97" refString="Maldonado-Ocampo, J, 2001. Peces del area de confluencia de los rios Meta, Bita y Orinoco en Puerto Carreno, Vichada, Colombia. Dahlia 2: 61 - 74" title="Peces del area de confluencia de los rios Meta, Bita y Orinoco en Puerto Carreno, Vichada, Colombia." volume="2" year="2001">Maldonado-Ocampo 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 68, 71 (listed, note):
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, CA" journalOrPublisher="Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B63" refString="Lasso, CA, Lew, D, Taphorn, D, DoNascimiento, C, Lasso-Alcala, O, Provenzano, F, Machado-Allison, A, 2003a. Biodiversidad ictiologica continental de Venezuela. Parte I. Lista de especies y distribucion por cuencas. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 159-160: 105-195." title="Biodiversidad ictiologica continental de Venezuela. Parte I. Lista de especies y distribucion por cuencas. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 159 - 160: 105 - 195." year="2003 a">Lasso et al. 2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 188 (listed, note), 2003b: 244 (listed, note), 2003c: 287 (listed, brief description, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" editor="Aguilera, M" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion Polar, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="562 - 581" refId="B86" refString="Machado-Allison, A, 2003. Peces de agua dulce. In: Aguilera, M, Azocar, A, Gonzalez, E, Eds., Biodiversidad en Venezuela. Fundacion Polar, Caracas: 562 - 581" title="Peces de agua dulce." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad en Venezuela." year="2003">Machado-Allison 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 568 (listed, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ajiaco-Martinez, RE" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B2" refString="Ajiaco-Martinez, RE, Ramirez-Gil, H, Sanchez-Duarte, P, Lasso, CA, Trujillo, F, 2012. IV. Diagnostico de la pesca ornamental en Colombia. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" title="IV. Diagnostico de la pesca ornamental en Colombia. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia." year="2012">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ajiaco-Martínez">Ajiaco-Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 144 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Herrera, M" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Academia de Ciencias Fisicas Matematicas y Naturales" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="47 - 67" refId="B45" refString="Herrera, M, Segnini, S, Machado-Allison, A, 2012. Comparacion entre las comunidades de peces en dos tipos de rios en la region oriental de Venezuela. Boletin de la Academia de Ciencias Fisicas Matematicas y Naturales 84 (1): 47 - 67" title="Comparacion entre las comunidades de peces en dos tipos de rios en la region oriental de Venezuela." volume="84" year="2012">Herrera et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 65 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, WWF Colombia, Fundacion Omacha, Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Estudios de la Orinoquia (Universidad Nacional de Colombia). Bogota D. C., Colombia" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B90" refString="Machado-Allison, A, Mesa, L, Lasso, C, 2013. Peces de los morichales y cananguchales de la Orinoquia y Amazonia colombo-venezolana: una aproximacion a su conocimiento, uso y conservacion. Capitulo 15. In: Lasso C, Rial A, Gonzalez-B. V (Eds) VII. Morichales y cananguchales de la Orinoquia y Amazonia: Colombia - Venezuela. Parte I. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH). Bogota, 289-334. [344 pp]" title="Peces de los morichales y cananguchales de la Orinoquia y Amazonia colombo-venezolana: una aproximacion a su conocimiento, uso y conservacion. Capitulo 15. In: Lasso C, Rial A, Gonzalez-B. V (Eds) VII. Morichales y cananguchales de la Orinoquia y Amazonia: Colombia - Venezuela. Parte I. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH). Bogota, 289 - 334. [344 pp]" year="2013">Machado-Allison et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 305, 307, 332 (listed, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ortega-Lara, A" journalOrPublisher="In: Ortega-Lara A, Puntes V, Barbosa L, Mojica H, Gomez S, Polanco-Rengifo O (Eds) Autoridad Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura (AUNAP), Fundacion FUNINDES, Cali" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B117" refString="Ortega-Lara, A, 2016. Peces ornamentales de Colombia. Serie Recursos Pesqueros de Colombia. AUNAP. In: Ortega-Lara A, Puntes V, Barbosa L, Mojica H, Gomez S, Polanco-Rengifo O (Eds) Autoridad Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura (AUNAP), Fundacion FUNINDES, Cali" title="Peces ornamentales de Colombia. Serie Recursos Pesqueros de Colombia. AUNAP." year="2016">Ortega-Lara 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 81 (picture, listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ramirez-Gil, H" editor="Trujillo, F" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion Omacha, Fundacion Palmarito, WWF, Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="122 - 139" refId="B125" refString="Ramirez-Gil, H, Ajiaco-Martinez, RE, 2016. Pesquerias del rio Meta y la parte baja del rio Bita. In: Trujillo, F, Antelo, R, Usma, S, Eds., Biodiversidad de la cuenca baja y media del rio Meta. Fundacion Omacha, Fundacion Palmarito, WWF, Bogota: 122 - 139" title="Pesquerias del rio Meta y la parte baja del rio Bita." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad de la cuenca baja y media del rio Meta." year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez-Gil">Ramirez-Gil</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ajiaco-Martínez">Ajiaco-Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 131 (table 3: listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.708.13897" author="DoNascimiento, C" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="25 - 138" refId="B27" refString="DoNascimiento, C, Herrera, EE, Herrera, GA, Ortega, A, Villa, FA, Usma, JS, Maldonado-Ocampo, JA, 2017. Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Colombia: A Darwin Core alternative to the updating problem. ZooKeys 708: 25 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.708.13897" title="Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Colombia: A Darwin Core alternative to the updating problem." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.708.13897" volume="708" year="2017">DoNascimiento et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 99 (listed, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180074" author="Winemiller, KO" journalOrPublisher="Biollania" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B173" refString="Winemiller, KO, Taphorn, DC, Kelso-Winemiller, LC, Lopez-Delgado, EO, Keppeler, FW, Montana, CG, 2018. Fish metacommunity structure in Cano Maraca, an important nursery habitat in the Western Llanos of Venezuela. Neotropical Ichthyology 16(4): e180074. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180074" title="Fish metacommunity structure in Cano Maraca, an important nursery habitat in the Western Llanos of Venezuela. Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (4): e 180074." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180074" year="2018">Winemiller et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5, 6 (listed, ecological data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus ocellatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">Astronotus cf. ocellatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 28" refId="B61" refString="Lasso, C, Rial, A, Lasso-Alcala, O, 1999. Composicion y variabilidad espacio-temporal de las comunidades de peces en ambientes inundables de los Llanos de Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 19 (2): 1 - 28" title="Composicion y variabilidad espacio-temporal de las comunidades de peces en ambientes inundables de los Llanos de Venezuela." volume="19" year="1999">Lasso et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Claves, diagnosis, aspectos bio-ecologicos e ilustraciones. Serie Peces de Venezuela. Universidad Central de Venezuela" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B60" refString="Lasso, C, Machado-Allison, A, 2000. Sinopsis de las especies de peces de la familia Cichlidae presentes en la cuenca del Rio Orinoco. Claves, diagnosis, aspectos bio-ecologicos e ilustraciones. Serie Peces de Venezuela. Universidad Central de Venezuela" title="Sinopsis de las especies de peces de la familia Cichlidae presentes en la cuenca del Rio Orinoco." year="2000">Lasso and Machado-Allison 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 56, 57, 154 (diagnostic features, type locality, note, picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" editor="Vispo, C" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Guianae 12 (Special Issue)" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="223 - 246" refId="B64" refString="Lasso, C, Machado-Allison, A, Taphorn, D, Rodriguez-Olarte, D, Vispo, C, Chernoff, B, Provenzano, F, Lasso-Alcala, O, Cervo, A, Nakamura, K, Gonzalez, N, Meri, J, Silvera, C, Bonilla, A, Lopez-Rojas, H, Machado-Aranda, D, 2003b. The fishes of the Caura River, Orinoco Basin, Venezuela: Annotated Checklist. In: Vispo, C, Knab-Vispo, C, Eds., Plants and Vertebrates of the Caura's Riparian Corridor: Their Biology, Use and Conservation. Scientia Guianae 12(Special Issue): 223 - 246" title="The fishes of the Caura River, Orinoco Basin, Venezuela: Annotated Checklist." volumeTitle="Plants and Vertebrates of the Caura's Riparian Corridor: Their Biology, Use and Conservation." year="2003 b">Lasso et al. 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 244 (listed, note), 2003c: 287 (listed, taxonomic note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Publicaciones del Comite Espanol del Programa MAB y de la Red IberoMAB de la UNESCO, N ° 5" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B58" refString="Lasso, C, 2004. Los peces de la Estacion Biologica El Frio y Cano Guaritico, Estado Apure, Llanos del Orinoco, Venezuela. Publicaciones del Comite Espanol del Programa MAB y de la Red IberoMAB de la UNESCO, N°5" title="Los peces de la Estacion Biologica El Frio y Cano Guaritico, Estado Apure, Llanos del Orinoco, Venezuela." year="2004">Lasso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 377,378 (diagnostic, features, biological and ecological data);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taphorn, DC" journalOrPublisher="Biollania" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B160" refString="Taphorn, DC, Rodriguez-Olarte, D, Hurtado, N, Barbarino, D, 2005. Los peces y las pesquerias en el Parque Nacional Aguarico-Guariquito, Estado Guarico, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion la Salle de Ciencias Naturales 161-162: 19-40." title="Los peces y las pesquerias en el Parque Nacional Aguarico-Guariquito, Estado Guarico, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion la Salle de Ciencias Naturales 161 - 162: 19 - 40." year="2005">Taphorn et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24, 30, 32, 34 (listed, notes);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Medina, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B102" refString="Medina, J, Bonilla, A, 2006. Variabilidad genetica en poblaciones silvestres y lotes cultivados de Caquetaia kraussii (petenia) y Astronotus cf. ocellatus (pavona) (Perciformes: Cichlidae). Acta Biologica Venezuelica 26 (1): 1 - 12" title="Variabilidad genetica en poblaciones silvestres y lotes cultivados de Caquetaia kraussii (petenia) y Astronotus cf. ocellatus (pavona) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)." volume="26" year="2006">Medina and Bonilla 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3, 4, 6, 9 (picture, genetic data);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marcano, A" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="36 - 49" refId="B98" refString="Marcano, A, Mesa, L, Paz, J, Machado-Allison, A, 2007. Adiciones al conocimiento de los peces del sistema Aguaro-Guariquito y rio Manapire, cuenca del rio Orinoco, estado Guarico, Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 27 (1): 36 - 49" title="Adiciones al conocimiento de los peces del sistema Aguaro-Guariquito y rio Manapire, cuenca del rio Orinoco, estado Guarico, Venezuela." volume="27" year="2007">Marcano et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 46 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, A" journalOrPublisher="A., Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B14" refString="Brito, A, Lasso, C, Sanchez-Duarte, P, 2011. Pavona, cupaneca, Oscar, Astronotus cf. ocellatus. In: Lasso C, Sanchez-Duarte P (Eds) Los peces del delta del Orinoco. Diversidad, bio-ecologia, uso y conservacion. Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales y Chevron C. A., Caracas" title="Pavona, cupaneca, Oscar, Astronotus cf. ocellatus. In: Lasso C, Sanchez-Duarte P (Eds) Los peces del delta del Orinoco. Diversidad, bio-ecologia, uso y conservacion. Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales y Chevron C." year="2011">Brito et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 310 (diagnostic features, note, picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Echeverria, G" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="75 - 87" refId="B30" refString="Echeverria, G, Machado-Allison, A, 2015. La ictiofauna de los Esteros de Camaguan (rio Portuguesa), Estado Guarico, Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 35 (1): 75 - 87" title="La ictiofauna de los Esteros de Camaguan (rio Portuguesa), Estado Guarico, Venezuela." volume="35" year="2015">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Echeverría">Echeverria</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Machado-Allison 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 81, 83 (listed),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion de la Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales. Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B91" refString="Machado-Allison, A, De La Fuente, R, Mikolji, I, 2018. Catalogo Ilustrado de los Peces del Parque Nacional "Aguaro-Guariquito". Serie Peces de Venezuela. Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales. Museo de Biologia, Instituto de Zoologia y Ecologia Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela. Fundacion de la Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales. Caracas" title="Catalogo Ilustrado de los Peces del Parque Nacional " Aguaro-Guariquito ". Serie Peces de Venezuela. Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales. Museo de Biologia, Instituto de Zoologia y Ecologia Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela." year="2018">Machado-Allison et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 442, 443, 454, 455, 483 (picture, painting, morphologic description, biological and ecological data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, CA" journalOrPublisher="Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B63" refString="Lasso, CA, Lew, D, Taphorn, D, DoNascimiento, C, Lasso-Alcala, O, Provenzano, F, Machado-Allison, A, 2003a. Biodiversidad ictiologica continental de Venezuela. Parte I. Lista de especies y distribucion por cuencas. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 159-160: 105-195." title="Biodiversidad ictiologica continental de Venezuela. Parte I. Lista de especies y distribucion por cuencas. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 159 - 160: 105 - 195." year="2003 a">Lasso et al. 2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 188 (ecological data);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rodriguez-Olarte, D" editor="Vispo, C" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Guianae" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="181 - 221" refId="B138" refString="Rodriguez-Olarte, D, Taphorn, DC, Lasso, C, Vispo, C, 2003. Fishes of the lower Caura River, Orinoco Basin, Venezuela. In: Vispo, C, Knab-Vispo, C, Eds., Plants and Vertebrates of the Caura's Riparian Corridor: Their Biology, Use and Conservation. Scientia Guianae 12: 181 - 221" title="Fishes of the lower Caura River, Orinoco Basin, Venezuela." volume="12" volumeTitle="Plants and Vertebrates of the Caura's Riparian Corridor: Their Biology, Use and Conservation." year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez-Olarte">Rodriguez-Olarte</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 205, 211 (listed ecological data);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Antonio, ME" journalOrPublisher="Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="5 - 118" refId="B5" refString="Antonio, ME, Lasso, C, 2004. Los peces del rio Morichal Largo, estados Monagas y Anzoategui, Cuenca del rio Orinoco, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 156: 5 - 118" title="Los peces del rio Morichal Largo, estados Monagas y Anzoategui, Cuenca del rio Orinoco, Venezuela." volume="156" year="2004">Antonio and Lasso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 92, 93, 107 (diagnostic features, comparative material, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campo, M" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B18" refString="Campo, M, 2004. Inventario preliminar de la ictiofauna de la Reserva de Fauna Silvestre Gran Morichal, Estado Monagas, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 161-162: 41-60." title="Inventario preliminar de la ictiofauna de la Reserva de Fauna Silvestre Gran Morichal, Estado Monagas, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 161 - 162: 41 - 60." year="2004">Campo 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252004000200005" author="Hoeinghaus, D" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Ichthyology" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B46" refString="Hoeinghaus, D, Winemiller, KO, Taphorn, DC, 2004. Compositional change in fish assemblages along the Andean piedmont - Llanos floodplain gradient of the rio Portuguesa, Venezuela. Neotropical Ichthyology 2 (2): 85 - 92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252004000200005" title="Compositional change in fish assemblages along the Andean piedmont - Llanos floodplain gradient of the rio Portuguesa, Venezuela." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252004000200005" volume="2" year="2004">Hoeinghaus et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 88, 92 (listed, notes);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="95 - 158" refId="B66" refString="Lasso, C, Mojica, JI, Usma, JS, Maldonado, J, Donascimiento, C, Taphorn, D, Provenzano, F, Lasso-Alcala, O, Galvis, G, Vasquez, L, Lugo, M, Machado-Allison, A, Royero, R, Suarez, C, Ortega-Lara, A, 2004. Peces de la Cuenca del Rio Orinoco. Parte I: Lista de especies y distribucion por subcuencas. Biota Colombiana 5 (2): 95 - 158" title="Peces de la Cuenca del Rio Orinoco. Parte I: Lista de especies y distribucion por subcuencas." volume="5" year="2004">Lasso et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 148 (listed, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00209.x" author="Lopez-Fernandez, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="627 - 651" refId="B79" refString="Lopez-Fernandez, H, Honeycutt, RL, Stiassny, MLJ, Winemiller, KO, 2005. Morphology, molecules, and character congruence in the phylogeny of South American geophagine cichlids (Perciformes, Labroidei). Zoologica Scripta 34 (6): 627 - 651, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00209.x" title="Morphology, molecules, and character congruence in the phylogeny of South American geophagine cichlids (Perciformes, Labroidei)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00209.x" volume="34" year="2005">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="López-Fernández">Lopez-Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 646, 649-651 (morphological characters);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galvis, G" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, INCODER, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Departamento de Biologia - Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B38" refString="Galvis, G, Mojica, JI, Provenzano, F, Lasso, C, Taphorn, DC, Royero, R, Castillo, C, Gutierrez, A, Gutierrez, MA, Lopez Pinto, Y, Mesa, LM, Sanchez-Duarte, P, Cipamocha, C, 2007. Peces de la Orinoquia colombiana con enfasis en especies de interes ornamental. Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, INCODER, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Departamento de Biologia - Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota" title="Peces de la Orinoquia colombiana con enfasis en especies de interes ornamental." year="2007">Galvis et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 272, 394 (diagnostic features, note, picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="89 - 122" refId="B67" refString="Lasso, C, Usma Oviedo, J, Villa, F, Sierra-Quintero, MT, Ortega-Lara, A, Mesa, LM, Patino, M, Lasso-Alcala, O, Morales-Betancourt, M, Gonzalez-Oropesa, K, Quiceno, M, Ferrer, A, Suarez, C, 2009a. Peces de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida: Rios Guaviare, Inirida, Atabapo y Orinoco, Orinoquia Colombiana. Biota Colombiana 10 (1-2): 89 - 122" title="Peces de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida: Rios Guaviare, Inirida, Atabapo y Orinoco, Orinoquia Colombiana." volume="10" year="2009 a">Lasso et al. 2009a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 119 (listed, note), 2009b: 143 (listed, note), 2010: 57, 71 (listed, brief description, note);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" editor="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, WWF Colombia, Fundacion Omacha, Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Estudios de la Orinoquia (Universidad Nacional de Colombia). Bogota D. C., Colombia" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="216 - 257" refId="B89" refString="Machado-Allison, A, Lasso, C, Usma, JS, Sanchez-Duarte, P, Lasso-Alcala, O, 2010. Peces. Capitulo 7. In: Lasso, C, Usma, JS, Trujillo, F, Rial, A, Eds., Biodiversidad de la Cuenca del rio Orinoco: Bases cientificas para la identificacion de areas prioritarias para la conservacion y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad. Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, WWF Colombia, Fundacion Omacha, Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Estudios de la Orinoquia (Universidad Nacional de Colombia). Bogota D.C., Colombia: 216 - 257" title="Peces. Capitulo 7." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad de la Cuenca del rio Orinoco: Bases cientificas para la identificacion de areas prioritarias para la conservacion y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad." year="2010">Machado-Allison et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 223 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" editor="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Catalogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="57 - 67" refId="B70" refString="Lasso, C, Sanchez-Duarte, MP, Morales-Betancourt, M, 2011a. Recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia: Lista de especies. In: Lasso, C, Agudelo Cordoba, E, Jimenez-Segura, LF, Ramirez-Gil, H, Morales-Betancourt, M, Ajiaco-Martinez, RE, De Paula Gutierrez, F, Usma, JS, Munoz-Torres, SE, Sanabria, AI, Eds., I. Catalogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. Bogota: 57 - 67" title="Recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia: Lista de especies." volumeTitle="I." year="2011 a">Lasso et al. 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64 (listed, note), 2011b: 102-108 (listed, identification key);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Villa-Navarro, F" editor="Usma, JS" journalOrPublisher="Gobernacion de Casanare - WWF Colombia. Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="120 - 137" refId="B164" refString="Villa-Navarro, F, Urbano-Bonilla, A, Ortega-Lara, A, Taphorn, DC, Usma, JS, 2011. Peces del Casanare. In: Usma, JS, Trujillo, F, Eds., Biodiversidad del Casanare: Ecosistemas Estrategicos del Departamento. Gobernacion de Casanare - WWF Colombia. Bogota: 120 - 137" title="Peces del Casanare." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad del Casanare: Ecosistemas Estrategicos del Departamento." year="2011">Villa-Navarro et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 277 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, WWF Colombia, Fundacion Omacha, Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Estudios de la Orinoquia (Universidad Nacional de Colombia). Bogota D. C., Colombia" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B90" refString="Machado-Allison, A, Mesa, L, Lasso, C, 2013. Peces de los morichales y cananguchales de la Orinoquia y Amazonia colombo-venezolana: una aproximacion a su conocimiento, uso y conservacion. Capitulo 15. In: Lasso C, Rial A, Gonzalez-B. V (Eds) VII. Morichales y cananguchales de la Orinoquia y Amazonia: Colombia - Venezuela. Parte I. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH). Bogota, 289-334. [344 pp]" title="Peces de los morichales y cananguchales de la Orinoquia y Amazonia colombo-venezolana: una aproximacion a su conocimiento, uso y conservacion. Capitulo 15. In: Lasso C, Rial A, Gonzalez-B. V (Eds) VII. Morichales y cananguchales de la Orinoquia y Amazonia: Colombia - Venezuela. Parte I. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH). Bogota, 289 - 334. [344 pp]" year="2013">Machado-Allison et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 305, 307, 332 (listed, notes);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" editor="Trujillo, F" journalOrPublisher="WWF Colombia, Fundacion Omacha, Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="100 - 127" refId="B72" refString="Lasso, C, Usma, J, Villa-Navarro, F, Sierra Quintero, M, Ortega-Lara, A, Mesa, L, Morales-Betancourt, M, Lasso-Alcala, O, Patino, M, 2014. Peces de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida: rios Guaviare, Inirida, Atabapo y su confluencia en el Orinoco. In: Trujillo, F, Usma, J, Lasso, C, Eds., Biodiversidad de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida. WWF Colombia, Fundacion Omacha, Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota: 100 - 127" title="Peces de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida: rios Guaviare, Inirida, Atabapo y su confluencia en el Orinoco." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida." year="2014">Lasso et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 103 (note, picture);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Usma, S" editor="Trujillo, F" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion Omacha, Fundacion Palmarito, WWF. Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="104 - 121" refId="B163" refString="Usma, S, Maldonado-Ocampo, JA, Villa-Navarro, FA, Ortega-Lara, A, Taphorn, D, Urbano-Bonilla, A, Zamudio, JE, DoNascimiento, C, 2016. Peces de la cuenca del rio Meta. In: Trujillo, F, Antelo, R, Usma, S, Eds., Biodiversidad de la cuenca baja y media del rio Meta. Fundacion Omacha, Fundacion Palmarito, WWF. Bogota: 104 - 121" title="Peces de la cuenca del rio Meta." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad de la cuenca baja y media del rio Meta." year="2016">Usma et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 117 (listed).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MCNG 56677 (225.1 mm SL), Venezuela. Estado Apure, Pedro Camejo Municipio in a small stream (tributary of the Arauca River),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.08" value="7.553911">07°33'14.08"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.06" value="-67.64557">67°38'44.06"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 13 Jun 2015,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
A. and Alfonso R. leg. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., preserved holotype MCNG 56677 (240.12 mm SL), Venezuela., Estado Apure, Municipio Pedro Camejo in a small stream tributary of Arauca River. Photograph: Ivan Mikolji." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716297" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">3</figureCitation>
|
||
; Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of morphometric data from Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., A. ocellatus and A. crassipinnis. The measurements are expressed in mm; all other measurements are expressed as percentage of SL as mean (X); standard deviation (+ / - SD), and range (min - max)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1AD1CE8DFAE2D197A3C098B919FF6897" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="1AD1CE8DFAE2D197A3C098B919FF6897">1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of meristic data from Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., A. ocellatus, and A. crassipinnis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C80E85B1D785449A90AB892EE095536B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="C80E85B1D785449A90AB892EE095536B">2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716297" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., preserved holotype MCNG 56677 (240.12 mm SL), Venezuela., Estado Apure, Municipio Pedro Camejo in a small stream tributary of Arauca River. Photograph: Ivan Mikolji.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MCNG 56678 (5, 175.3-200.4 mm SL); MBUCV 35750 (1,144.4 mm SL); MHNLS 26123 (1, 140.4 mm SL); INPA-ICT 057800 (2, 112.3-143.4 mm SL); EBRG 11061 (1, 152.2 mm SL), Venezuela, Estado Apure, Municipio Pedro Camejo, small tributary stream of the Arauca River, same date and collectors as holotype; Venezuela, ANSP 37896 (1, 124.5 mm SL). Estado Monagas, Las Piedritas
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uracoa, 24.9 km SW of Uracoa,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="9.00" value="8.8025">8°48'9.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="25.00" value="-62.47361">62°28'25.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 12 Feb 1911, Bond F. and Brown S. leg.; MHNLS 198 (5, 97.5-116.7 mm SL) Estado Apure, Achaguas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Apure,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="7.9263887">7°55'35"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-68.47972">68°28'47"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10, Jan 1951,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Yépez">Fernandez-Yepez</normalizedToken>
|
||
A. leg.; MHNLS 3551 (2, 109.1-121.9 mm SL). Estado
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Anzoátegui">Anzoategui</normalizedToken>
|
||
Laguna de Mamo, 1 km south of Juasiullal, right bank of the Orinoco River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="7.4325">7°25'57"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="8" value="-63.11889">63°7'8"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 22 Jan 1981, Feo G.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
L., Ovidio H. leg.; MHNLS 3776 (3, 98.7-115.9 mm SL) Estado Bolivar, Orinoco River, Fajardo Island Main channel, May 05, 1975,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köpke">Koepke</normalizedToken>
|
||
H.; MHNLS 3777 (1, 119.1 mm SL) Estado Bolivar, Orinoco River, Fajardo Island Main channel, 19 Apr 1974,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köpke">Koepke</normalizedToken>
|
||
H. leg.; MHNLS 4850 (1, 79.1 mm SL) Estado Bolivar, Rio Claro Lagoon, approximately 15 Km East of San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Félix">Felix</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 02 Apr 1986,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
L. leg.; MHNLS 4914 (1, 121.7 mm SL) Estado Bolivar, Residual Lagoon, Hato Puga; approximately 25 km East of San Felix, 11 Apr 1986,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
L. leg.; MHNLS 4915 (1, 121.6 mm SL) Estado Bolivar, Laguna Chirere approximately 30 km west of Puerto
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ordáz">Ordaz</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 04 Apr 1986,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
L. leg.; MHNLS 4916 (1, 117.3 mm SL) Estado Bolivar, Laguna
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Claro approximately 15 km East of San Felix, 07 Apr 1987, Lasso C.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
L. leg.; MHNLS 7860 (2, 94.0-107.5 mm SL) Estado Cojedes, El Baul,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="48.60" value="8.9135">8°54'48.60"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="17.52" value="-68.2882">68°17'17.52"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15 Apr 1984, B.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg.; MHNLS 9022 (1, 85.3 mm SL) Estado Bolivar, Caicara del Orinoco, Rio Aripao to Chaviripa River, 26 Mar 1986, B.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg.; MHNLS 9050 (1, 125.6 mm SL) Estado
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Esteros de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Camaguán">Camaguan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6 May 1984, B
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg.; MHNLS 11719 (1, 118 mm SL) Estado Apure,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Guaritico Hato El
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Frío">Frio</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="35.00" value="7.876389">7°52'35.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="57.00" value="-66.932495">66°55'57.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 18 Jan 1991,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lasso-Alcalá">Lasso-Alcala</normalizedToken>
|
||
O. Lasso C. leg.; MHNLS 13094 (1, 201.5 mm SL) Estado Bolivar, Laguna
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Patiquín">Patiquin</normalizedToken>
|
||
floodplain
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mato, tributary of Caura River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="16.00" value="7.1544447">7°9'16.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="57.00" value="-65.199165">65°11'57.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 23 Mar 1998, Vispo, C. leg.; MHNLS 13812 (2, 108.7-119.3 mm SL) Estado Delta Amacuro, Orinoco River Delta,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ibaruma,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Imataca,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="0.00" value="8.016666">8°1'0.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="0.00" value="-60.783333">60°47'0.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 24 Jan 2003, Ponte V. leg.; MCNG 3608 (1, 148.9 mm SL) Estado Apure, Modules of UNELLEZ area adjacent to south of dike
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Caicara,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="7.4249997">7°25'30.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.00" value="-69.53889">69°32'20.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2 Jun 1981, Donald Taphorn leg.; MCNG 2522 (1, 106.6 mm SL) Estado Apure, 3.4 km south of Bruzual bridge west side of road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.00" value="8.022222">8°01'20.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.00" value="-69.34722">69°20'50.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 17 Nov 1980, Donald Taphorn leg.; MCNG 1832 (1, 118.5 mm SL) Estado Apure, 3.4 km south of Bruzual bridge
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.00" value="8.022222">8°01'20.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.00" value="-69.34722">69°20'50.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15 Nov 1980, Donald Taphorn leg.; MCNG 5993 (1, 101.3 mm SL) Estado Apure, Hato el Frio, 30 Sep 1979, Craig Lilyestrom leg.; MCNG 4994 (3, 193.1-210.1 mm SL) Estado Apure, Modules Fernando Corrales (UNELLEZ) dike east,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="7.4916663">7°29'30.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.51667">69°31'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 27 Nov 1981, Donald Taphorn leg.; MCNG 32543 (1, 101.6 mm SL) Estado Barinas, culvert 10 km NW of Libertad on road to Barinas
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="3.00" value="8.334167">8°20'3.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="41.00" value="-69.72806">69°43'41.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 25 Jan 1995, John Armbruster leg.; MCNG 1675 (4, 197.4-240.7 mm SL) Estado Barinas, borrow pit at end of runway at Arismendi,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="50.00" value="8.497223">8°29'50.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.00" value="-68.35555">68°21'20.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 14 Sep 1980, Donald Taphorn leg.; MCNG 32596 (1, 161.9 mm SL) Estado Barinas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Caipe, to the east of town La Luz,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="31.00" value="8.40861">8°24'31.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.00" value="-69.80528">69°48'19.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 26 Jan 1995, John Armbruster leg.; MCNG 26930 (2, 112.50-104.90 mm SL) Estado Cojedes, San Geronimo in Hato Santa Clara, 02 Nov 1991, Manuel Gonzalez Fernandez leg.; MCNG 789 (2, 185.6-193.4 mm SL) Estado Delta Amacuro,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paloma Orinoco River Delta, 21 Feb 1978, John Lundberg leg.; MCNG 32033 (1, 195 mm SL) Estado
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
, P.N. Aguaro-Guariquito,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Aguaro at El Paso to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Médano">Medano</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="27.00" value="7.8408337">7°50'27.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="23.00" value="-66.506386">66°30'23.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 01 Nov 1995, Donald Taphorn leg.; MCNG 32006 (2, 152.2 mm SL) Estado
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
, P.N. Aguaro-Guariquito,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Aguaro in Laguna Begonia,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="6.00" value="7.8683333">7°52'6.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="36.00" value="-66.51">66°30'36.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 01 Nov 1995, Donald Taphorn leg.; MCNG 25187 (1, 183.3 mm SL) Estado
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Calabozo highway,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Camaguán">Camaguan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 14 Jan 1982, Otto Castillo leg.; MCNG 32739 (1, 180.1 mm SL) Estado
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
, P.N. Aguaro-Guariquito, Laguna
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Médano">Medano</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 06 Aug 1995, Aniello Barbarino-Duque leg.; MCNG 11580 (2, 101.8-122.3 mm SL) Estado
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
, borrow pit in savannah 2.3 km from San Fernando de Apure between km 305 and 306,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.00" value="7.922222">7°55'20.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.00" value="-67.47222">67°28'20.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 22 Mar 1981, Donald Taphorn leg.; MCNG 26815 (3, 90.5-109.0 mm SL) Estado Portuguesa,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Maraca,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="11.00" value="8.886389">8°53'11.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="18.00" value="-69.48833">69°29'18.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 13 Jan 1992, Larry Page, Pat Ceas, Brooks Burr, Steve Walsh, Chris Taylor, Leo Nico, Kirk Winemiller leg.; MCNG 15461 (1, 127.4 mm SL) Estado Portuguesa, Brazo del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Maraca at ranch of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Darío">Dario</normalizedToken>
|
||
Urriola, 26 Oct 1984, Kirk Winemiller leg.; MCNG 9097 (3, 112.3-138.1 mm SL) Estado Portuguesa, borrow pit N of Moritas east of Guanare-Las Moritas road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="8.758333">8°45'30.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="-69.575">69°34'30.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 03 Jan 1979, Donald Taphorn leg.; MCNG 5740 (1, 110.6 mm SL) Estado Portuguesa,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Maraca at bridge via Guanarito, Km 60,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="50.00" value="8.830556">8°49'50.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.00" value="-69.33889">69°20'20.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 28 Aug 1980, Donald Taphorn leg.; MCNG 29650 (1, 112.3 mm SL) Estado Portuguesa,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
between Guanarito and La Capilla,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="9.00" value="8.685833">8°41'9.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="49.00" value="-68.946945">68°56'49.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 01 Mar 1994, John Armbruster leg.; Colombia • MHNLS 23575 (1, 114.7 mm SL), Departamento de Vichada,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainage of Laguna Cajaro right bank of the Guaviare River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.00" value="3.9705555">3°58'14.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="8.00" value="-67.98555">67°59'8.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 16 Feb 2008; C. Lasso M. Sierra. M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Patiño">Patino</normalizedToken>
|
||
F. Villa. A. Ortega. leg.; MHNLS 24053 (1, 218 mm SL), Departamento de Vichada,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vitina right bank affluent, Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Inírida">Inirida</normalizedToken>
|
||
upstream from Caranacoa beach,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="3.7416668">3°44'30.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="10.00" value="-67.93611">67°56'10.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 21 Feb 2008, C. Lasso. M. Sierra M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Patiño">Patino</normalizedToken>
|
||
F. Villa A. Ortega. leg.; MHNLS 24054 (1, 227.5 mm SL), Departamento de Vichada,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vitina tributary right bank
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Inírida">Inirida</normalizedToken>
|
||
, upstream from Playa de Caranacoa,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="3.7416668">3°44'30.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="10.00" value="-67.93611">67°56'10.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 21 Feb 2008, C. Lasso M. Sierra M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Patiño">Patino</normalizedToken>
|
||
F. Villa; A. Ortega leg.; MHNLS 24059 (1, 205.5 mm SL), Departamento de Vichada, Peluame Lagoon, left Bank Guaviare River, near
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaviare-Inírida">Guaviare-Inirida</normalizedToken>
|
||
Confluence,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="51.00" value="3.9641666">3°57'51.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.916664">67°55'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 17 Feb 2008, C. Lasso M. Sierra M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Patiño">Patino</normalizedToken>
|
||
F. Villa A. Ortega; S. Usma leg.; MHNLS 24061 (1, 211.5 mm SL), Departamento de Vichada, Laguna
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
|
||
, left bank, flooded area, Orinoco River, between Guanayana and Amanaven farms,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.116667">4°7'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.75">67°45'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 26 Feb 2008, C. Lasso M. Sierra M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Patiño">Patino</normalizedToken>
|
||
F. Villa leg.; MHNLS 24064 (1, 226 mm SL), Departamento de Vichada,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vitina, tributary right bank
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Inírida">Inirida</normalizedToken>
|
||
, upstream of Playa de Caranacoa,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="3.7416668">3°44'30.00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="10.00" value="-67.93611">67°56'10.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 21 Feb 2008, C. Lasso M. Sierra M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Patiño">Patino</normalizedToken>
|
||
F. Villa; A. Ortega leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="1AD1CE8DFAE2D197A3C098B919FF6897" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1AD1CE8DFAE2D197A3C098B919FF6897" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of morphometric data from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The measurements are expressed in mm; all other measurements are expressed as percentage of SL as mean (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">X</emphasis>
|
||
); standard deviation (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD), and range (min - max).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="2">Morphometric variable</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">X</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(min-max)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">X</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(min-max)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">X</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(min-max)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Head length (H)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
36.72
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.85
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(31.78-42.76)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
35.01
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.25
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(32.44-36.75)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
33.26
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.65
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(30.50-36.50)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Snout length (snout)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
11.53 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.23)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(9.09-14.86)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
5.36 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.85)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(4.12-6.97)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.67 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.67)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(9.18-1.73)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Body depth (body)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
46.5 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.43)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(39.18-53.57)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
51.26 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.86)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(49.03-55.50)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
46.19 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.36)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(40.38-52.29)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Orbital diameter (O)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
9.06 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.09)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(7.25-12.35)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.36 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.64)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(6.14-8.36)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.73 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.18)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(6.02-11.32)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Head width (HW)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
21.83 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.11)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(19.49-25.41)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
21.53 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.32)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(19.65-23.78)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
19.64 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.31)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(8.13-23.25)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Inter-orbital width (Int-Orb)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
13.8 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.11)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(12.2-17.89)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
14.19 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.39)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(11.49-16.78)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
14.79 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.00)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(13.32-21.89)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Pre-orbital depth (Pre-Orb)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
14.22 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.88)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(11.09-18.06)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.14 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.13)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(8.62-13.02)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
15.91 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.47)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(13.98-18.72)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Caudal peduncle depth</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
17.29 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.05)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(15.01-20.14)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
17.1 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.62)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(15.65-18.22)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
16.45 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.13)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(14.43-18.41)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Caudal peduncle length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.32 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.17)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(7.41-19.79)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
11.09 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.57)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(10.02-12.17)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
12.81 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.74)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(11.63-14.44)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin length (P1)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
29.29 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.03)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(23.02-36.15)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
30.03 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.33)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(24.51-34.47)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
29.66 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.78)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(27.38-33.22)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Pelvic-fin length (P2)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
23.34 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.45)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(16.63-34.73)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
23.49 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.51)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(19.38-27.85)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
24.22 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.71)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(17.21-33.97)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Last dorsal spine length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
9.92 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.40)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(6.46-15.46)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
9.72 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.78)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(7.24-12.59)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.59 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.65)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">(5.07-12.18)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="C80E85B1D785449A90AB892EE095536B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C80E85B1D785449A90AB892EE095536B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of meristic data from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="2">Meristic variable</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">mode (min-max)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">mode (min-max)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">mode (min-max)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Dorsal-fin rays (D)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">20 (17-21)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18 (16-24)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18 (17-21)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Anal-fin rays (A)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18 (16-20)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18 (15-21)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">17 (16-20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Longitudinal scales (E1)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">38 (35-41)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">35 (33-41)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">33 (31-35)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Upper lateral line scales (ULL)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">20 (18-21)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">21 (19-22)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">19 (18-22)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Lower lateral line scales (LLL)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18 (15-21)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">16 (12-20)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">13 (11-16)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Scales above lateral line (ALL)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">7 (7-8)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">7 (7-8)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">6 (6-7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Scales below lateral line (BLL)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">10 (6-12)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">12 (11-14)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">12 (12-13)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Circumpeduncular scales (SPC)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">28 (26-32)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">30 (26-31)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">29 (27-30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Ceratobranchial gill rakers</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">10 (9-11)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">9 (9-12)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">11 (10-11)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Opercular scales</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">3 (3-5)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">4 (3-5)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">4 (3-5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Cheek scales</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">8 (7-11)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">10 (7-11)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">11 (7-11)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Comparative material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus ocellatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-12-20" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.1594446" location="rio Solimoes Bacia do Solimoes" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.912224" municipality="Catalao" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
NPA-ICT 026472 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Catalão">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Catalao</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:1C7E6BB560AF5DA6DAB19E327D520E04" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.1594446" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.912224" municipality="Catalao" name="rio Solimoes Bacia do Solimoes" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bacia do
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.00" value="-3.1594446">3°9'34.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.00" value="-59.912224">59°54'44.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2002-12-20">20 Dec 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2011-12-18" collectorName="Manaquiri, J. Santos, R. Orta, F. Pena" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.3348887" location="Ilha da Paciencia" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.20314" municipality="rio Solimoes" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
INPA-ICT 050911 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:F1803475A5407E67F1187B5A21158F3B" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.3348887" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.20314" municipality="rio Solimoes" name="Ilha da Paciencia" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
Ilha da
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paciência">Paciencia</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="5.60" value="-3.3348887">3°20'5.60"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.30" value="-60.20314">60°12'11.30"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Manaquiri</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2011-12-18">18 Dec 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>J. Santos</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>R. Orta</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>F. Pena</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2011-12-18" collectorName="Manaquiri, J. Santos, R. Ota, F. Pena" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.3348887" location="Ilha da Paciencia" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.20314" municipality="rio Solimoes" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
INPA-ICT 050912 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:B471FC3B5C2154A5DA3A9330E0E03564" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.3348887" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.20314" municipality="rio Solimoes" name="Ilha da Paciencia" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
Ilha da
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paciência">Paciencia</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="5.60" value="-3.3348887">3°20'5.60"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.30" value="-60.20314">60°12'11.30"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Manaquiri</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2011-12-18">18 Dec 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>J. Santos</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>R. Ota</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>F. Pena</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-09-02" collectorName="Palmares, Jansen Zuanon" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.958889" location="rio Solimoes" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.338615" municipality="Tabatinga" specimenCount="1">
|
||
INPA-ICT 033076 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Tabatinga</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:1868897260ACAAE28D5EF15BE68F5C7B" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.958889" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.338615" municipality="Tabatinga" name="rio Solimoes">
|
||
rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="32.00" value="-3.958889">3°57'32.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.00" value="-69.338615">69°20'19.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, town of
|
||
<collectorName>Palmares</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2003-09-02">02 Sept 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Jansen Zuanon</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-10-30" collectorName="R. Leitao, R. Lazzarotto" country="Brazil" location="rio Uatuma" municipality="Sao Sebastiao de Uatuma" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
INPA-ICT 033913 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sebastião">Sebastiao</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uatumã">Uatuma</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:83685609F7EBF6D81A8706C3D3E17FE9" country="Brazil" municipality="Sao Sebastiao de Uatuma" name="rio Uatuma" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uatumã">Uatuma</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2009-10-30">30 Oct 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Leitão">Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>R. Lazzarotto</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-09-21" collectorName="Nhamunda, R. Leitao, R. Lazzarotto" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.2308333" location="rio Nhamunda" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.773056" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
INPA-ICT 033889 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:C8A71F6F5FD0991AEBA416ED5CDCCA12" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.2308333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.773056" name="rio Nhamunda" stateProvince="Amazonas">rio Nhamunda</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="51.00" value="-2.2308333">2°13'51.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="23.00" value="-56.773056">56°46'23.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="município">municipio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>Nhamunda</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2009-09-21">21 Sept 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Leitão">Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>R. Lazzarotto</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-08-20" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7439167" location="rio Preto da Eva" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.47739" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
INPA 050452 (2)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:5DDB542A4E27921AED4D3EDA720D0763" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7439167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.47739" name="rio Preto da Eva" stateProvince="Amazonas">rio Preto da Eva</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="38.10" value="-2.7439167">2°44'38.10"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="38.60" value="-59.47739">59°28'38.60"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, highway AM-010, km 110,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2014-08-20">20 Aug 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-01-30" country="Brazil" county="Lago do Boto" location="Manacapuru" municipality="Piranha" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
INPA 22331 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>Lago do Boto</collectingCounty>
|
||
, RDS do lago
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Piranha</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:3484F6BB540D127AB8BEA85F8E14A762" country="Brazil" county="Lago do Boto" municipality="Piranha" name="Manacapuru" stateProvince="Amazonas">Manacapuru</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2003-01-30">30 Jan 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-09-08" collectorName="Fonte Boa, Jansen Zuanon" country="Brazil" county="Ivanildo" latitude="-2.4738889" location="rio Solimoes" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.154724" municipality="Lago Ressaca Grande" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<collectingCounty>Ivanildo</collectingCounty>
|
||
; INPA-ICT 033437 (2)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Lago Ressaca Grande</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:159FD7B38F824D8BB2DFE5E34F567BFE" country="Brazil" county="Ivanildo" latitude="-2.4738889" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.154724" municipality="Lago Ressaca Grande" name="rio Solimoes" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="26.00" value="-2.4738889">2°28'26.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="17.00" value="-66.154724">66°9'17.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Fonte Boa</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2003-09-08">08 Sept 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Jansen Zuanon</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-06-03" collectorName="Lucia Rapp-Daniel" country="Brazil" location="rio Purus" municipality="Lago Secado" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
INPA 17486 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, pool in
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Lago Secado</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:A775611915D0DEE47FEAD5B05AEDE098" country="Brazil" municipality="Lago Secado" name="rio Purus" stateProvince="Amazonas">rio Purus</location>
|
||
, Santa Lucia,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2001-06-03">03 Jun 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Lucia Rapp-Daniel</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-06-05" collectorName="Lucia Rapp Py-Daniel" country="Brazil" location="rio Purus" municipality="Lago Campinas" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
INPA 17364 (3)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Lago Campinas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:66572CCCA5BB7149BFAE98FD5B028372" country="Brazil" municipality="Lago Campinas" name="rio Purus" stateProvince="Amazonas">rio Purus</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2001-06-05">05 Jun 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Lucia Rapp Py-Daniel</collectorName>
|
||
leg
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-11-26" collectorName="Martins, A. R." country="Brazil" latitude="-5.596389" location="Pupunha" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-67.78694" municipality="Uacari" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
INPA-ICT 029312 (49)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, RDS
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Uacari</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, stream near community of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:9823044037D125647BDD27F1931BB01A" country="Brazil" latitude="-5.596389" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-67.78694" municipality="Uacari" name="Pupunha" stateProvince="Amazonas">Pupunha</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.00" value="-5.596389">5°35'47.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="13.00" value="-67.78694">67°47'13.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2007-11-26">26 Nov 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Martins, A.R.</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1991-10-27" collectorName="Zuanon, J. A." country="Brazil" latitude="-3.7419446" location="Tapajon River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.390278" municipality="Rio Cupari" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
INPA-ICT 007143 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Rio Cupari</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, near mouth of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:C45144D5E40E94780479CEAC74238F3D" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.7419446" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.390278" municipality="Rio Cupari" name="Tapajon River" stateProvince="Para">Tapajon River</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="31.00" value="-3.7419446">3°44'31.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="25.00" value="-55.390278">55°23'25.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1991-10-27">27 Oct 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Zuanon, J.A.</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1991-10-27" collectorName="Zuanon, J. A." country="Brazil" location="Tapajos River" municipality="Rio Cupari" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
INPA-ICT 007170 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Rio Cupari</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, near mouth of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:AFFFDDB981FED9B5B94ACB1B0EEA8C65" country="Brazil" municipality="Rio Cupari" name="Tapajos River" stateProvince="Para">Tapajos River</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="1991-10-27">27 Oct 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Zuanon, J.A.</collectorName>
|
||
leg
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1980-06-28" country="Brazil" county="Rio" latitude="-3.8305" location="Tucurui" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.6394" municipality="Icangui" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins">
|
||
INPA-ICT 007333 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Tocantins">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>Rio</collectingCounty>
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Tocantins">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Icangui</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucuruí">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:D4FC8FF8DDE95F6B55B2564E93638C1C" country="Brazil" county="Rio" latitude="-3.8305" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.6394" municipality="Icangui" name="Tucurui" stateProvince="Tocantins">Tucurui</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="49.80" value="-3.8305">3°49'49.80"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="21.84" value="-49.6394">49°38'21.84"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1980-06-28">28 Jun 1980</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2000-11-11" country="Brazil" county="Equipe de Ictiologia" latitude="-9.2348" location="Ariranhas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.966602" municipality="Lago" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins">
|
||
<collectingCounty>Equipe de Ictiologia</collectingCounty>
|
||
do INPA leg.; INPA-ICT 020454 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Tocantins">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Lago</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
das
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:9C015EE178D4B59CF1953242F62EFD95" country="Brazil" county="Equipe de Ictiologia" latitude="-9.2348" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.966602" municipality="Lago" name="Ariranhas" stateProvince="Tocantins">Ariranhas</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:4B511CF5D7C6F631783429539B6B70D3" country="Brazil" county="Equipe de Ictiologia" latitude="-9.2348" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.966602" municipality="Lago" name="rio Araguaia" stateProvince="Tocantins">rio Araguaia</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Tocantins">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:7D78AADBE904F98AB1796E83C75E108F" country="Brazil" county="Equipe de Ictiologia" latitude="-9.2348" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.966602" municipality="Lago" name="Caseara" stateProvince="Tocantins">Caseara</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="5.28" value="-9.2348">9°14'5.28"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.76" value="-49.966602">49°57'59.76"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2000-11-11">11 Nov 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2000-05-10" collectorName="Santos, G. M." country="Brazil" county="Equipe de Ictiologia" latitude="-7.7321" location="Jabutizao" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.475502" municipality="Rio" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins">
|
||
<collectingCounty>Equipe de Ictiologia</collectingCounty>
|
||
do INPA leg.; INPA-ICT 020663, (2)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Tocantins">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Rio</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Tocantins">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jabutizão">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:BAE226EEC1E41CA2FFCD191059C72E06" country="Brazil" county="Equipe de Ictiologia" latitude="-7.7321" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.475502" municipality="Rio" name="Jabutizao" stateProvince="Tocantins">Jabutizao</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="55.56" value="-7.7321">7°43'55.56"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.80" value="-49.475502">49°28'31.80"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2000-05-10">10 May 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Santos, G.M.</collectorName>
|
||
leg
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-09-23" collectorName="Sabaj, M. H." country="Brazil" county="Mercado do Porto" latitude="-2.8808334" location="Vitoria do Xingu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-52.0125" municipality="Xingu River" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
INPA-ICT 040585 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>Mercado do Porto</collectingCounty>
|
||
, collected from stream tributary to
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Xingu River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, near
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:3B32314094E991130148B1378CD78A56" country="Brazil" county="Mercado do Porto" latitude="-2.8808334" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-52.0125" municipality="Xingu River" name="Vitoria do Xingu" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vitória">Vitoria</normalizedToken>
|
||
do Xingu
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="51.00" value="-2.8808334">2°52'51.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="45.00" value="-52.0125">52°0'45.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2013-09-23">23 Sept 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Sabaj, M. H.</collectorName>
|
||
leg
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-03-07" collectorName="Martins, A. R." country="Brazil" county="Xingu River" location="Vitoria do Xingu" municipality="Tucuri" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
INPA-ICT 043339 (6)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>Xingu River</collectingCounty>
|
||
, specimens bought in market, near
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Tucuri</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
stream around
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:C87009CAB7C6D4296C1A6BE08AEF17A4" country="Brazil" county="Xingu River" municipality="Tucuri" name="Vitoria do Xingu" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vitória">Vitoria</normalizedToken>
|
||
do Xingu
|
||
</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2014-03-07">07 Mar 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Martins, A.R.</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Heckel" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus crassipinnis" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-07-27" country="Brazil" latitude="-11.491389" location="Guapore" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.57611" municipality="rio Novo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia">
|
||
INPA-ICT 021697 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rondonia">Rondonia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>rio Novo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaporé">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:7E44AAC936F8829586ACEAA48062C409" country="Brazil" latitude="-11.491389" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.57611" municipality="rio Novo" name="Guapore" stateProvince="Rondonia">Guapore</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="29.00" value="-11.491389">11°29'29.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="34.00" value="-64.57611">64°34'34.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2003-07-27">27 Jul 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2011-08-12" collectorName="L. Costas, F. Viera" country="Brazil" county="Torrente Vilara" latitude="-8.5419445" location="Bom Jardim" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.623886" municipality="Lago do Bodo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia">
|
||
<collectingCounty>Torrente Vilara</collectingCounty>
|
||
; INPA-ICT 038549 (2)
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Lago do Bodo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:DACF0C5A20EAAC3FB009EB51A4D9930D" country="Brazil" county="Torrente Vilara" latitude="-8.5419445" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.623886" municipality="Lago do Bodo" name="Bom Jardim" stateProvince="Rondonia">Bom Jardim</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:C9F7D8B879F4646AA7539A0E9173A558" country="Brazil" county="Torrente Vilara" latitude="-8.5419445" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.623886" municipality="Lago do Bodo" name="Porto Velho" stateProvince="Rondonia">Porto Velho</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rondonia">Rondonia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="31.00" value="-8.5419445">8°32'31.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="26.00" value="-63.623886">63°37'26.00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2011-08-12">12 Ago 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>L. Costas</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>F. Viera</collectorName>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1985-09-21" collectorName="G. M. dos Santos" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.103056" location="Surpresa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-65.64555" municipality="Rio Guapore" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia">
|
||
INPA-ICT 049921 (3)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rondonia">Rondonia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaporé">Guapore</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:4620A4FC4C15FA43565ED0E5F3CC6DCA" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.103056" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-65.64555" municipality="Rio Guapore" name="Surpresa" stateProvince="Rondonia">Surpresa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-10.103056">10°06'11"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-65.64555">65°38'44"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1985-09-21">21 Set 1985</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>G.M. dos Santos</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1984-06-16" collectorName="Costa Marques, G. M., dos Santos" country="Brazil" latitude="-11.328889" location="Surpresa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-65.00305" municipality="Guapore River" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia">
|
||
INPA-ICT 049922 (2)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rondonia">Rondonia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
, mouth of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaporé">Guapore</normalizedToken>
|
||
River
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, near
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:58EF538AFF95B22F213C04928F915D07" country="Brazil" latitude="-11.328889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-65.00305" municipality="Guapore River" name="Surpresa" stateProvince="Rondonia">Surpresa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-11.328889">11°19'44"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="60" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-65.00305">64°60'11"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1984-06-16">16 Jun 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Costa Marques, G.M.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectorName>dos Santos</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1987-04-02" collectorName="G. M. dos Santos" country="Brazil" county="Rio Pacaas-Novos" location="Guajara-Mirim" municipality="Pacaas Novos River" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia">
|
||
INPA-ICT 049923 (1)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rondonia">Rondonia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pacaás-Novos">Pacaas-Novos</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
, blackwater flooded forest ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
upstream from mouth of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pacaás">Pacaas</normalizedToken>
|
||
Novos River
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guajará-Mirim">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD83192526775C70BD45C7882393CCCE:B3C3C20122D0BDA1DAA476DABCAB1F25" country="Brazil" county="Rio Pacaas-Novos" municipality="Pacaas Novos River" name="Guajara-Mirim" stateProvince="Rondonia">Guajara-Mirim</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1987-04-02">02 Apr1987</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>G.M. dos Santos</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
The new species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: two or three supraneural bones (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Radiographs of paratypes of Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. and details of the supraneural bones A MHNLS 198 (116.7 mm SL) B MHNLS 26123 (140.4 mm SL) C MHNLS 24054 (227.5 mm SL). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716298" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) (vs. two); absence of the spinous process (hypurapophysis) on the anterosuperior border of the parahypural bone (hypural complex) in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (vs. present in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Radiographs of the caudal skeleton in Astronotus species showing magnified details A A. mikoljii sp. nov. (MHNLS 24059, 205.5 mm SL) B A. crassipinnis INPA-ICT 33889 (204.3 mm SL) C A. ocellatus USNM 284442 (79.6 mm SL). Abbreviations: hypurapophysis (PP) of parahypural bone (PH), epurals (E 1 - E 2) and neural spine (NEU 2, diastema (D), preural centrum (CP), epaxial caudal rays (ECR), hypaxial caudal rays (HCR), epaxial procurrent caudal rays (EPCR) hypaxial procurrent caudal rays (HPCR). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716299" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sagitta otolith in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is oval, with strongly crenulated ventral and dorsal margins (vs. elliptical and smooth-lobed margins in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and elliptical and smooth-dentate margins
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the rostrum is projected with an elongated process, in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (vs. rostrum process short in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the posterior region of the sagitta otolith is rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (vs. straight or flat in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Left sagitta otoliths (medial view) of A Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. B A. crassipinnis C A. ocellatus. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716300" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The aspect ratio of sagitta otoliths in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (AR = 0.665) is higher than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AR = 0.606), and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AR = 0.585), and the differences are statistically significant at
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.05. The roundness index was highest in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Rd = 0.597) vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rd = 0.545) and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rd = 0.543) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.05). Also the morphometric index showed higher values in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.837 vs. 0.767) and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.735) (Suppl. material 1: Table S2). The new species also is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of morphometric characters: the mean head length of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (36.72% SL) is longer than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(35.01% SL), and also
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(33.26% SL); the mean diameter of the orbit of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (9.06% SL) is greater than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7.36%SL) and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7.73% SL); the mean pre-orbital depth of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (14.22% SL) is greater than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(10.14% SL) but less than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(15.91% SL); the mean snout length of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (11.53% SL) is longer than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5.36% SL), and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(10.67% SL) (Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of morphometric data from Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., A. ocellatus and A. crassipinnis. The measurements are expressed in mm; all other measurements are expressed as percentage of SL as mean (X); standard deviation (+ / - SD), and range (min - max)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1AD1CE8DFAE2D197A3C098B919FF6897" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="1AD1CE8DFAE2D197A3C098B919FF6897">1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of meristic data from Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., A. ocellatus, and A. crassipinnis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C80E85B1D785449A90AB892EE095536B" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="C80E85B1D785449A90AB892EE095536B">2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716298" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Radiographs of paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and details of the supraneural bones
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A</emphasis>
|
||
MHNLS 198 (116.7 mm SL)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B</emphasis>
|
||
MHNLS 26123 (140.4 mm SL)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">C</emphasis>
|
||
MHNLS 24054 (227.5 mm SL). Scale bars: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716299" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Radiographs of the caudal skeleton in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species showing magnified details
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (MHNLS 24059, 205.5 mm SL)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
INPA-ICT 33889 (204.3 mm SL)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
USNM 284442 (79.6 mm SL). Abbreviations: hypurapophysis (PP) of parahypural bone (PH), epurals (E1 - E2) and neural spine (NEU2, diastema (D), preural centrum (CP), epaxial caudal rays (ECR), hypaxial caudal rays (HCR), epaxial procurrent caudal rays (EPCR) hypaxial procurrent caudal rays (HPCR). Scale bars: 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716300" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Left sagitta otoliths (medial view) of
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus." pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Morphology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric and meristic data are presented in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometric and meristic data (mm) of holotype and paratypes of Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., with specimen number (n); mean (X); standard deviation (SD); variation coefficient (CV); minimum value (Min); maximum value (Max)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0DA607A3A11C274B51AA084FAEDBFD0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="0DA607A3A11C274B51AA084FAEDBFD0A">3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Body moderately oval; laterally compressed, widest at region of anterior flank and posterior part of head; Dorsal-fin base contour sloping from about middle of spinous portion. Caudal peduncle edges horizontal; ventral sometimes longer than dorsal. Head and snout short; orbit slightly below forehead contour, entirely in upper and anterior halves of head. Interorbital wide, slightly convex. Tip of exposed maxilla extending to anterior edge of orbit; lower jaw articulation below middle of orbit. Both lip folds interrupted, junction of upper and lower lips African type. Opercula and pectoral girdle bones smooth. Interorbital convex; pre-pelvic contour straight; greatest body depth at pelvic-fin bases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="0DA607A3A11C274B51AA084FAEDBFD0A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0DA607A3A11C274B51AA084FAEDBFD0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric and meristic data (mm) of holotype and paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., with specimen number (n); mean (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">X</emphasis>
|
||
); standard deviation (SD); variation coefficient (CV); minimum value (Min); maximum value (Max).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="2">Morphometric variable (mm)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="2">Holotype</th>
|
||
<th colspan="8" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
Paratypes (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 65)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">X</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">SD</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">CV</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Min</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Max</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Standard length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">240.12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">134.61</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">42.42</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">31.52</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">79.11</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">240.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Head length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">76.50</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">48.91</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">13.75</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">28.12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">31.07</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">81.70</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Snout length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">21.90</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">15.47</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">4.67</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">30.20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">9.72</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">29.10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Body depth</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">110.40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">64.50</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">19.86</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">30.79</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">35.58</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">110.40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Orbital diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">17.80</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">11.90</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.56</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">21.56</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">9.40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18.43</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Head width</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">47.80</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">29.76</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">9.18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">30.88</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">17.07</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">49.54</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Inter-orbital width</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">30.90</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18.94</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">6.63</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">35.04</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">10.98</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">37.47</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Pre-orbital depth</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">26.70</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18.85</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">6.33</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">33.62</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">12.44</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">39.22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Caudal peduncle depth</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">36.30</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">23.35</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">7.15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">30.62</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">13.27</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">41.54</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Caudal peduncle length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">26.40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">13.95</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">5.57</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">39.94</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">6.32</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">26.40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">57.20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">39.74</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">11.36</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">28.59</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">25.22</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">69.51</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Pelvic-fin length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">46.90</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">31.82</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">8.63</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">27.13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18.90</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">51.29</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Length of last dorsal spine</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">15.90</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">13.35</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">4.520</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">33.84</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">8.30</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">28.40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Meristic variable</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="8" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
Paratypes (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 65)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Min</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Max</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">mode</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Dorsal-fin rays (D)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">XIII,18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">XII,18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">XIV, 20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">XIII, 19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Anal-fin rays (A)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">III,18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">III,14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">III, 20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">III, 16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin rays (P1)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">17</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Pelvic-fin rays (P2)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">I,5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">I,5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">I,5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">I,5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Caudal-fin rays (C)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">24</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Longitudinal scales (E1)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">37</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">35</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">42</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">38</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Upper lateral line scales (ULL)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">21</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Lower lateral line scales (LLL)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">17</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">21</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Scales above lateral line (ALL)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Scales below lateral line (BLL)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Circumpendicular scales (SPC)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">28</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">26</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">32</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">28</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Opercular scales</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Cheek scales cheek</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Ceratobranchial gill rakers</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Pre-dorsal midline scales</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Tubed scales in lower lobe caudal</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Scales</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pre-dorsal midline scales irregularly arranged, ca. 14-18 along midline; posterior pre-pelvic scales about half size of flank scales, slightly smaller anteriorly, in ca. seven horizontal series. Scales around caudal peduncle 26-32; lower lobe of caudal fin with 1-8 tubed lateral-line scales, from base to middle usually with gaps between them, and from half to edge of fin continued by pored scales). Anterior 1/3 to 1/2 of the cheek naked, remainder with cycloid scales; cheek scale rows 3 (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 65; range 7-9). Operculum covered with eight cycloid scales (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 65; range 3-5); opercula scales in ca. four vertical series, sub-opercular scales in two or three series: inter-operculum with one or two scales close to pre-opercular corner and six or seven scales in principal series. Pre-operculum naked. Soft unpaired fins covered by dense scale layer. Spinous dorsal fin bordered by posteriorly progressively wider scale layer with straight margin. This basal scale layer continued onto basal 1/3 of soft dorsal fin but inter-radial scales distal to it widen scaly layer to basal 1/2 of fin medially. Pectoral and pelvic fins naked. Inter-pelvic squamation extended laterally to cover bases. Caudal fin completely scaled save for narrow zone along hind margin; basal scales ctenoid; inter-radial scales cycloid in three or four series between rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Fins</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
One continuous dorsal fin, with anterior portion of hard rays (spines) and posterior portion with soft rays. First dorsal-fin spine inserted slightly in advance of vertical from hind margin of operculum; relative length of spines increasing to 4th then subequal to last few which are longer, twice length of first or slightly longer. Soft part of dorsal fin with rounded tip, reaching to not quite middle of caudal fin or to 3/4 of caudal fin. D. XII.18 (3), XII. 19 (4), XII. 20 (5), XIII. 17 (5), XIII. 18 (8), XIII. 19 (14), XIII. 20 (12), XIII. 21 (5), XIV. 18 (4), XIV. 19 (5), XIV. 20 (3); Anal-fin origin opposite soft dorsal-fin origin; soft portion similar to soft dorsal fin, but not reaching beyond middle of caudal fin. A. III. 14 (5), III. 15(10), III. 16 (15), III. 17 (10), III. 18 (14), III. 19 (3), III. 20 (1). Pectoral-fin with blunt dorsal tip, 4th ray longest, hind margin truncate or slightly curved; sometimes reaching to first anal-fin spine P1. 15 (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 65; range 14-17). Pelvic-fin spine inserted below pectoral axilla; fin pointed, with outer branch of first ray longest, reaching to first anal-fin spine to 1/3 of soft-anal fin base, inner rays gradually shorter P2, 1.5 (1.5). Caudal fin with hind edge rounded, with 22 (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 65; range 19-24), total rays (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometric and meristic data (mm) of holotype and paratypes of Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., with specimen number (n); mean (X); standard deviation (SD); variation coefficient (CV); minimum value (Min); maximum value (Max)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0DA607A3A11C274B51AA084FAEDBFD0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="0DA607A3A11C274B51AA084FAEDBFD0A">3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Gills</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
First gill arch with rudimentary denticles exposed laterally, two or three on epibranchial, one in angle, and 8-11 on ceratobranchial. Tiny gill-rakers present externally on medial side short, compressed and heavily denticulate (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometric and meristic data (mm) of holotype and paratypes of Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., with specimen number (n); mean (X); standard deviation (SD); variation coefficient (CV); minimum value (Min); maximum value (Max)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0DA607A3A11C274B51AA084FAEDBFD0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="0DA607A3A11C274B51AA084FAEDBFD0A">3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Teeth</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lower jaw with two teeth rows on each side (external and internal). External tooth row in both jaws extends from tip to end of each bone (dentary and maxilla). Teeth in outer series stout, conical, pointed, little recurved; anterior three or four in each jaw half as strong as rest; outer series to near end of upper jaw (20) and of corresponding length in lower jaw; inner band of very small weak teeth, less than 0.4 mm long, only anteriorly in jaws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Otoliths" lsidName="Otoliths" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Otoliths</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sagitta otoliths oval with crenulate posterior, dorsal, ventral margins; Ar was greater than 0.66, otolith Rd 0.59 (Suppl. material 1: Table S2). Anterior region (rostrum) projected with elongated process and rounded posterior region. Anti-rostrum short and rounded, moderately broad ostium incisure with notch. Acoustic canal (sulcus acoustics) heterosulcoid, ostial, medial; ostium rectangular and shorter than caudal colliculum, which is tubular, closed, and strongly curved along its posterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Dorsal and vertebral skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pre-caudal vertebrae 15, caudal vertebrae 17, and total vertebrae 32. Range in vertebral counts (pre-caudal, caudal, and total) is wide (14-16, 15-18, 30-33). Two or three supraneural bones present, first anterior to neural spine of first pre-caudal vertebrae, second and third, between that spine and second neural spine of second pre-caudal vertebrae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Radiographs of paratypes of Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. and details of the supraneural bones A MHNLS 198 (116.7 mm SL) B MHNLS 26123 (140.4 mm SL) C MHNLS 24054 (227.5 mm SL). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716298" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">4</figureCitation>
|
||
, Suppl. material 1: Table S3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Caudal skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Includes hypural complex and 20-24 caudal rays. This complex has five vertebral elements, CP1, CUI, and CUII or urostyle (all fused), CP2 and CP3. This last element has HEM3 that can support one or two HPCR and a NEU3 that can be free or support up to two EPCR. The CP2 is articulated with HEM2, which can be free or articulated with up to two HPCR or one or two HC = R. Likewise, CP2 on its upper side almost converges with bone E1 that is free or articulated with EPCR or ECR. The complex CP1 + CUI + CUII, is articulated on its lower side with four elements, PH and HI, which are articulated with two to four HCR each, the HII, which is articulated with one or two HCR and the HIII, which can support two or three ECR. Complex CP1 + CUI + CUII articulated on its anterior side with bone HIV, which in turn can support two to five ECR. On its upper side this complex is articulated with the ES bone that is fused with HV and can support between one to three ECR. Above HV, and always separated from Complex CP1 + CUI + CUII, E2 is positioned, which can be found without rays or an EPCR or ECR. Next and always separated from the E2, E1 is found which along its upper side only supports an EPCR and on the lower edge may be articulated and even fused with NEU2. Finally, NEU3 is observed, originating along the upper edge of CP3, which can be free or articulated with up to two EPCR (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Radiographs of the caudal skeleton in Astronotus species showing magnified details A A. mikoljii sp. nov. (MHNLS 24059, 205.5 mm SL) B A. crassipinnis INPA-ICT 33889 (204.3 mm SL) C A. ocellatus USNM 284442 (79.6 mm SL). Abbreviations: hypurapophysis (PP) of parahypural bone (PH), epurals (E 1 - E 2) and neural spine (NEU 2, diastema (D), preural centrum (CP), epaxial caudal rays (ECR), hypaxial caudal rays (HCR), epaxial procurrent caudal rays (EPCR) hypaxial procurrent caudal rays (HPCR). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716299" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">5</figureCitation>
|
||
, Suppl. material 1: Table S4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Color in alcohol</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The background color varies from dark yellow to dark brown; chest color varies from pale to dark brown; abdomen whitish. Operculum and cheek pale brown. Snout and forehead chestnut. Sides of the body with irregular vertical bars (chestnut or pale brown) sometimes difficult to see, of different widths, individually variable. Sometimes with pattern of 1-3 pale and dark vertical bars, normally with pale, lambda-shaped bars; central part of these bars is usually divided at level of abdomen, forming lambda (λ) figure with bases extending to pelvic fins. Dorsal and anal fins pale or dark brown with paler edges on both. Caudal fin dark brown, darker on base, always with black ocellus surrounded by narrow white or grey ring, placed in superior part of caudal-fin base, and marginally extending onto caudal peduncle. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline. Dorsal fin without rings or ocelli (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov., preserved holotype MCNG 56677 (240.12 mm SL), Venezuela., Estado Apure, Municipio Pedro Camejo in a small stream tributary of Arauca River. Photograph: Ivan Mikolji." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716297" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Color in life</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sexual dimorphism not observed. Ventrum pale grey, chest dark grey, abdomen whitish, operculum and cheek grey to brown, snout and forehead chestnut, underside of head dark grey with greyish or greenish tinge over chestnut. Sides of body with barely visible irregular vertical bars (chestnut or dark grey) of different widths and patterns, which may vary from one individual to another. Wide vertical bar of dark brown color crosses central part of body and reaches spinous portion of anal fin. Central part of said bar usually divided at level of abdomen, forming lambda (λ) shape with bases extending to pelvic fins. Posterior side of the body with abundant iridescent orange spots that can appear longitudinally. Dorsal and anal fins dark brown with paler edges. Caudal fin dark grey, darker on base. Always with black ocellus surrounded by orange or yellow ring that reaches center of lateral line of caudal fin and extends onto caudal peduncle. Pectoral fins hyaline, dorsal and pelvic fins without spots or ocelli (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. A live coloration of specimens collected with holotype B Natural shallow pond and type locality in floodplain of Arauca River Venezuela. Photographs: Ivan Mikolji." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716302" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">8a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="molecular analysis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Molecular analysis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
We amplified 612 bp of the COI gene for the 24
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens used for genetic analyses. The addition of sequence data (58 sequences) of
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/915265" author="Colatreli, O" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 8" refId="B24" refString="Colatreli, O, Meliciano, N, Toffoli, D, Farias, I, Hrbek, T, 2012. Deep Phylogenetic Divergence and Lack of Taxonomic Concordance in Species of Astronotus (Cichlidae). International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 915265: 1 - 8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/915265" title="Deep Phylogenetic Divergence and Lack of Taxonomic Concordance in Species of Astronotus (Cichlidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/915265" volume="915265" year="2012">Colatreli et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the sequences obtained in GenBank (20 sequences) increased this dataset to 102 specimens. This alignment was then reduced to a total of 22 unique haplotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus two haplotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bloch & Schneider" authorityYear="1801" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cichla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cichla ocellaris" order="Cichliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Cichla ocellaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as outgroups. Sequence length varied from 468 to 664 bp, with a mean sequence length of 626 bp; 23 sites were parsimony-informative. No indels were observed. No internal stop codons were found. All
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.) and additional suggested distinct lineages (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Jurua”">"Jurua"</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“East”">"East"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Negro”">"Negro"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) shows reciprocal monophyly in the maximum credibility tree, with high posterior probability support (≥ 0.95) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Maximum clade credibility tree from 9,000 posterior trees generated using BEAST 2.6. Dataset comprised 22 unique haplotypes (from a total of 102) of Astronotus COI sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities above 0.95 are shown as dark nodes. Species delimitations are shown by method as colored boxes. The number of collapsed individuals is indicated in parentheses and outside of it the locations where they were sampled. The scientific name of the new species is red. The figure was created in R 4.1.1 using the package ' ggtree' and the final graphic in Inkscape." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716303" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
All five single-locus species delimitation methods delimited
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. as a distinct lineage and, overall, the only discrepancy between the methods occurred in the method bGMYC, which identified
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“East”">"East"</normalizedToken>
|
||
as a single lineage. The maximum intraspecific distance within
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. was 0.163%, while minimum inter-specific distance was 0.98% (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Max intra / inter-specific distances, Nearest Neighbor, and diagnostic nucleotides between Astronotus delimited lineages and species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1749865C4BBABBC90DDB9DF22B4DAC6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="1749865C4BBABBC90DDB9DF22B4DAC6A">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The lineage
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Negro”">"Negro"</normalizedToken>
|
||
is the closest lineage to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The mean genetic distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and the currently valid species (
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) had values of 1.75% and 2.15%, respectively (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Mean inter-specific distances between Astronotus delimited lineages and species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5C427F83D65BF991EDCD1A7057DB37D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="5C427F83D65BF991EDCD1A7057DB37D2">5</tableCitation>
|
||
). A total of three diagnostic sites segregates
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Max intra / inter-specific distances, Nearest Neighbor, and diagnostic nucleotides between Astronotus delimited lineages and species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1749865C4BBABBC90DDB9DF22B4DAC6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="1749865C4BBABBC90DDB9DF22B4DAC6A">4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="1749865C4BBABBC90DDB9DF22B4DAC6A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1749865C4BBABBC90DDB9DF22B4DAC6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Table 4" startId="T4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Max intra/inter-specific distances, Nearest Neighbor, and diagnostic nucleotides between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
delimited lineages and species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="2">Species/Lineage</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="2">max_intra (%)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="2">min_inter (%)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="2">Nearest Neighbor</th>
|
||
<th colspan="10" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Diagnostic nucleotides</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">89</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">272</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">395</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">447</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">512</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">539</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">578</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">596</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">662</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">total</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.163</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "Negro
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">T</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">G</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">t</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.388</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.904</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "East
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">G</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">C</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.546</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.753</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "Jurua
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">T</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">t</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "East
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.301</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.753</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "Negro
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">t</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "Jurua
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.151</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.753</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">t</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "Negro
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.301</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.753</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "East
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">a</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">g</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">t</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="5C427F83D65BF991EDCD1A7057DB37D2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5C427F83D65BF991EDCD1A7057DB37D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Table 5" startId="T5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Table 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Mean inter-specific distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
delimited lineages and species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">Mean_inter (%)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“East”">"East"</normalizedToken>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Jurua”">"Jurua"</normalizedToken>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Negro”">"Negro"</normalizedToken>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.75</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.36</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.09</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.04</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.92</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.08</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.75</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.03</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.51</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.32</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "East
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.36</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.03</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.07</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.97</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "Jurua
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.09</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.92</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.51</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.07</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.78</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. "Negro
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.04</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">2.08</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.32</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">0.97</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">1.78</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="multivariate analysis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Multivariate analysis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
The Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) using morphometric data of the sagitta otoliths clearly identified three groups corresponding to each of the described species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Plot of scores of Canonical Variants Analysis (CVA), from comparative sagitta otoliths morphometric data of Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. (red crosses), A. ocellatus (blue squares), and A. crassipinnis (green triangles)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716304" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). A high level of successful classification among the species was obtained using the jack-knife procedure, reaching a value
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
90% in both cases (Suppl. material 1: Table S5). In this statistical analysis, including the measurements on the geometric shape of the sagitta otoliths separated
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
The specific name is given to honor Mr. Ivan Mikolji, Venezuelan explorer, artist, author, underwater photographer, and audiovisual producer, in recognition for being a tireless and enthusiastic diffuser of the biodiversity and natural history of freshwater fishes, conservation of aquatic ecosystems of Venezuela and Colombia, and for logistic support for this work. Since 2020, Ivan Mikolji has been recognized as Associate Researcher of the Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, from the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, in Caracas, Venezuela.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is distributed in all parts of the lower Orinoco River basin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Map showing all the sites sampled in this study. The circles represent sampling localities based on specimen records used for morphological analyses, the squares represent sampling localities of the genetic material analyses, and the stars represent the type locality of each species. The colors represent the consensus of the species delimitation methods. Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. (red), A. crassipinnis (green), A. ocellatus (blue), Astronotus sp. " East " (yellow), Astronotus sp. " Jurua " (orange), and Astronotus sp. " Negro " (brown)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716301" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">7</figureCitation>
|
||
), along the floodplain of its main channel and in the drainages of the following rivers (or sub-basins): Atabapo,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Inírida">Inirida</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Guaviare, Vichada, Bita, Meta, Tomo, Arauca, Apure, Caura, Morichal Largo and Delta, in Venezuela and Colombia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fowler, H" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="419 - 437" refId="B34" refString="Fowler, H, 1911. Some Fishes from Venezuela. Proceedings. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 63 (2): 419 - 437" title="Some Fishes from Venezuela. Proceedings." volume="63" year="1911">Fowler 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
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;
|
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;
|
||
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
||
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
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|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
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|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" editor="Vispo, C" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Guianae 12 (Special Issue)" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="273 - 296" refId="B65" refString="Lasso, C, Vispo, C, Lasso-Alcala, O, 2003c. Composition of the ichthyofauna of nine floodplain lakes of the Caura River, Southern Venezuela. In: Vispo, C, Knab-Vispo, C, Eds., Plants and Vertebrates of the Caura's Riparian Corridor: Their Biology, Use and Conservation. Scientia Guianae 12(Special Issue): 273 - 296" title="Composition of the ichthyofauna of nine floodplain lakes of the Caura River, Southern Venezuela." volumeTitle="Plants and Vertebrates of the Caura's Riparian Corridor: Their Biology, Use and Conservation." year="2003 c">c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="95 - 158" refId="B66" refString="Lasso, C, Mojica, JI, Usma, JS, Maldonado, J, Donascimiento, C, Taphorn, D, Provenzano, F, Lasso-Alcala, O, Galvis, G, Vasquez, L, Lugo, M, Machado-Allison, A, Royero, R, Suarez, C, Ortega-Lara, A, 2004. Peces de la Cuenca del Rio Orinoco. Parte I: Lista de especies y distribucion por subcuencas. Biota Colombiana 5 (2): 95 - 158" title="Peces de la Cuenca del Rio Orinoco. Parte I: Lista de especies y distribucion por subcuencas." volume="5" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campo, M" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B18" refString="Campo, M, 2004. Inventario preliminar de la ictiofauna de la Reserva de Fauna Silvestre Gran Morichal, Estado Monagas, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 161-162: 41-60." title="Inventario preliminar de la ictiofauna de la Reserva de Fauna Silvestre Gran Morichal, Estado Monagas, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 161 - 162: 41 - 60." year="2004">Campo 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Publicaciones del Comite Espanol del Programa MAB y de la Red IberoMAB de la UNESCO, N ° 5" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B58" refString="Lasso, C, 2004. Los peces de la Estacion Biologica El Frio y Cano Guaritico, Estado Apure, Llanos del Orinoco, Venezuela. Publicaciones del Comite Espanol del Programa MAB y de la Red IberoMAB de la UNESCO, N°5" title="Los peces de la Estacion Biologica El Frio y Cano Guaritico, Estado Apure, Llanos del Orinoco, Venezuela." year="2004">Lasso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" editor="Aguilera, M" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion Polar, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="562 - 581" refId="B86" refString="Machado-Allison, A, 2003. Peces de agua dulce. In: Aguilera, M, Azocar, A, Gonzalez, E, Eds., Biodiversidad en Venezuela. Fundacion Polar, Caracas: 562 - 581" title="Peces de agua dulce." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad en Venezuela." year="2003">Machado-Allison 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Antonio, ME" journalOrPublisher="Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="5 - 118" refId="B5" refString="Antonio, ME, Lasso, C, 2004. Los peces del rio Morichal Largo, estados Monagas y Anzoategui, Cuenca del rio Orinoco, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 156: 5 - 118" title="Los peces del rio Morichal Largo, estados Monagas y Anzoategui, Cuenca del rio Orinoco, Venezuela." volume="156" year="2004">Antonio and Lasso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taphorn, DC" journalOrPublisher="Biollania" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B160" refString="Taphorn, DC, Rodriguez-Olarte, D, Hurtado, N, Barbarino, D, 2005. Los peces y las pesquerias en el Parque Nacional Aguarico-Guariquito, Estado Guarico, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion la Salle de Ciencias Naturales 161-162: 19-40." title="Los peces y las pesquerias en el Parque Nacional Aguarico-Guariquito, Estado Guarico, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion la Salle de Ciencias Naturales 161 - 162: 19 - 40." year="2005">Taphorn et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galvis, G" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, INCODER, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Departamento de Biologia - Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B38" refString="Galvis, G, Mojica, JI, Provenzano, F, Lasso, C, Taphorn, DC, Royero, R, Castillo, C, Gutierrez, A, Gutierrez, MA, Lopez Pinto, Y, Mesa, LM, Sanchez-Duarte, P, Cipamocha, C, 2007. Peces de la Orinoquia colombiana con enfasis en especies de interes ornamental. Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, INCODER, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Departamento de Biologia - Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota" title="Peces de la Orinoquia colombiana con enfasis en especies de interes ornamental." year="2007">Galvis et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marcano, A" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="36 - 49" refId="B98" refString="Marcano, A, Mesa, L, Paz, J, Machado-Allison, A, 2007. Adiciones al conocimiento de los peces del sistema Aguaro-Guariquito y rio Manapire, cuenca del rio Orinoco, estado Guarico, Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 27 (1): 36 - 49" title="Adiciones al conocimiento de los peces del sistema Aguaro-Guariquito y rio Manapire, cuenca del rio Orinoco, estado Guarico, Venezuela." volume="27" year="2007">Marcano et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="89 - 122" refId="B67" refString="Lasso, C, Usma Oviedo, J, Villa, F, Sierra-Quintero, MT, Ortega-Lara, A, Mesa, LM, Patino, M, Lasso-Alcala, O, Morales-Betancourt, M, Gonzalez-Oropesa, K, Quiceno, M, Ferrer, A, Suarez, C, 2009a. Peces de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida: Rios Guaviare, Inirida, Atabapo y Orinoco, Orinoquia Colombiana. Biota Colombiana 10 (1-2): 89 - 122" title="Peces de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida: Rios Guaviare, Inirida, Atabapo y Orinoco, Orinoquia Colombiana." volume="10" year="2009 a">Lasso et al. 2009a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="123 - 148" refId="B68" refString="Lasso, C, Sanchez-Duarte, P, Lasso-Alcala, O, Martin, R, Samudio, H, Gonzalez-Oropeza, K, Hernandez-Acevedo, J, Mesa, L, 2009b. Lista de los Peces del Delta del Rio Orinoco, Venezuela. Biota Colombiana 10 (1-2): 123 - 148" title="Lista de los Peces del Delta del Rio Orinoco, Venezuela." volume="10" year="2009 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, A" journalOrPublisher="A., Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B14" refString="Brito, A, Lasso, C, Sanchez-Duarte, P, 2011. Pavona, cupaneca, Oscar, Astronotus cf. ocellatus. In: Lasso C, Sanchez-Duarte P (Eds) Los peces del delta del Orinoco. Diversidad, bio-ecologia, uso y conservacion. Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales y Chevron C. A., Caracas" title="Pavona, cupaneca, Oscar, Astronotus cf. ocellatus. In: Lasso C, Sanchez-Duarte P (Eds) Los peces del delta del Orinoco. Diversidad, bio-ecologia, uso y conservacion. Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales y Chevron C." year="2011">Brito et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" editor="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Catalogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="57 - 67" refId="B70" refString="Lasso, C, Sanchez-Duarte, MP, Morales-Betancourt, M, 2011a. Recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia: Lista de especies. In: Lasso, C, Agudelo Cordoba, E, Jimenez-Segura, LF, Ramirez-Gil, H, Morales-Betancourt, M, Ajiaco-Martinez, RE, De Paula Gutierrez, F, Usma, JS, Munoz-Torres, SE, Sanabria, AI, Eds., I. Catalogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. Bogota: 57 - 67" title="Recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia: Lista de especies." volumeTitle="I." year="2011 a">Lasso et al. 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" editor="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Catalogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="596 - 598" refId="B71" refString="Lasso, C, Morales-Betancourt, M, Sierra-Quintero, M, 2011b. Astronotus sp. y Astronotus ocellatus (Perciformes, Cichlidae). In: Lasso, C, Agudelo Cordoba, E, Jimenez-Segura, LF, Ramirez-Gil, H, Morales-Betancourt, M, Ajiaco-Martinez, RE, De Paula Gutierrez, F, Usma, JS, Munoz-Torres, SE, Sanabria, AI, Eds., I. Catalogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. Bogota: 596 - 598" title="Astronotus sp. y Astronotus ocellatus (Perciformes, Cichlidae)" volumeTitle="I." year="2011 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" editor="Trujillo, F" journalOrPublisher="WWF Colombia, Fundacion Omacha, Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="100 - 127" refId="B72" refString="Lasso, C, Usma, J, Villa-Navarro, F, Sierra Quintero, M, Ortega-Lara, A, Mesa, L, Morales-Betancourt, M, Lasso-Alcala, O, Patino, M, 2014. Peces de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida: rios Guaviare, Inirida, Atabapo y su confluencia en el Orinoco. In: Trujillo, F, Usma, J, Lasso, C, Eds., Biodiversidad de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida. WWF Colombia, Fundacion Omacha, Instituto de Investigacion de Los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota: 100 - 127" title="Peces de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida: rios Guaviare, Inirida, Atabapo y su confluencia en el Orinoco." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad de la Estrella Fluvial Inirida." year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Echeverria, G" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="75 - 87" refId="B30" refString="Echeverria, G, Machado-Allison, A, 2015. La ictiofauna de los Esteros de Camaguan (rio Portuguesa), Estado Guarico, Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 35 (1): 75 - 87" title="La ictiofauna de los Esteros de Camaguan (rio Portuguesa), Estado Guarico, Venezuela." volume="35" year="2015">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Echeverría">Echeverria</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Machado-Allison 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ortega-Lara, A" journalOrPublisher="In: Ortega-Lara A, Puntes V, Barbosa L, Mojica H, Gomez S, Polanco-Rengifo O (Eds) Autoridad Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura (AUNAP), Fundacion FUNINDES, Cali" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B117" refString="Ortega-Lara, A, 2016. Peces ornamentales de Colombia. Serie Recursos Pesqueros de Colombia. AUNAP. In: Ortega-Lara A, Puntes V, Barbosa L, Mojica H, Gomez S, Polanco-Rengifo O (Eds) Autoridad Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura (AUNAP), Fundacion FUNINDES, Cali" title="Peces ornamentales de Colombia. Serie Recursos Pesqueros de Colombia. AUNAP." year="2016">Ortega-Lara 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.708.13897" author="DoNascimiento, C" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="25 - 138" refId="B27" refString="DoNascimiento, C, Herrera, EE, Herrera, GA, Ortega, A, Villa, FA, Usma, JS, Maldonado-Ocampo, JA, 2017. Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Colombia: A Darwin Core alternative to the updating problem. ZooKeys 708: 25 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.708.13897" title="Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Colombia: A Darwin Core alternative to the updating problem." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.708.13897" volume="708" year="2017">DoNascimiento et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion de la Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales. Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B91" refString="Machado-Allison, A, De La Fuente, R, Mikolji, I, 2018. Catalogo Ilustrado de los Peces del Parque Nacional "Aguaro-Guariquito". Serie Peces de Venezuela. Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales. Museo de Biologia, Instituto de Zoologia y Ecologia Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela. Fundacion de la Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales. Caracas" title="Catalogo Ilustrado de los Peces del Parque Nacional " Aguaro-Guariquito ". Serie Peces de Venezuela. Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales. Museo de Biologia, Instituto de Zoologia y Ecologia Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela." year="2018">Machado-Allison et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180074" author="Winemiller, KO" journalOrPublisher="Biollania" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B173" refString="Winemiller, KO, Taphorn, DC, Kelso-Winemiller, LC, Lopez-Delgado, EO, Keppeler, FW, Montana, CG, 2018. Fish metacommunity structure in Cano Maraca, an important nursery habitat in the Western Llanos of Venezuela. Neotropical Ichthyology 16(4): e180074. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180074" title="Fish metacommunity structure in Cano Maraca, an important nursery habitat in the Western Llanos of Venezuela. Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (4): e 180074." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180074" year="2018">Winemiller et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It also occurs in the Gulf of Paria basin (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
La Brea, Forest Reserve of Guarapiche, sub-basin San Juan River, EBRG 5055) in Venezuela (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="53 - 73" refId="B69" refString="Lasso, C, Provenzano, F, Lasso-Alcala, O, Marcano, A, 2010. Ictiofauna dulceacuicola y estuarina de la cuenca del golfo de Paria, Venezuela: Composicion y relaciones biogeograficas con la cuenca del Orinoco. Biota Colombiana 11 (1-2): 53 - 73" title="Ictiofauna dulceacuicola y estuarina de la cuenca del golfo de Paria, Venezuela: Composicion y relaciones biogeograficas con la cuenca del Orinoco." volume="11" year="2010">Lasso et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been introduced in other watersheds of Venezuela such as Lago de Valencia and in reservoirs of the Mar Caribe basin (drainages of the Unare, Tuy, Coro and San Juan rivers (Isla de Margarita)) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Luengo, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="319 - 339" refId="B82" refString="Luengo, J, 1963. La fauna ictiologica del Lago de Valencia (Venezuela) y algunas consideraciones sobre las demas hoyas del pais y Trinidad. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 3: 319 - 339" title="La fauna ictiologica del Lago de Valencia (Venezuela) y algunas consideraciones sobre las demas hoyas del pais y Trinidad." volume="3" year="1963">Luengo 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Leon, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - Office International des Epizooties" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1127 - 1134" refId="B74" refString="Leon, J, 1966. Piscicultura rural en Venezuela. Bulletin - Office International des Epizooties 65 (7-8): 1127 - 1134" title="Piscicultura rural en Venezuela." volume="65" year="1966">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
|
||
1966
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cervigon, F" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Arte, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B20" refString="Cervigon, F, 1983. La Acuicultura en Venezuela. Estado Actual y Perspectivas. Editorial Arte, Caracas" title="La Acuicultura en Venezuela. Estado Actual y Perspectivas." year="1983">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cervigón">Cervigon</normalizedToken>
|
||
1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ginez, A" journalOrPublisher="Division General de Planificacion Ambiental, Serie de Informes Tecnicos, DGSPOA / IT / 183, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B40" refString="Ginez, A, Olivo, M, 1984. Inventario de los embalses con informacion basica para la actividad piscicola, Parte I: Sinopsis de los embalses administrados por el MARNR. Division General de Planificacion Ambiental, Serie de Informes Tecnicos, DGSPOA/ IT/ 183, Caracas" title="Inventario de los embalses con informacion basica para la actividad piscicola, Parte I: Sinopsis de los embalses administrados por el MARNR." year="1984">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ginéz">Ginez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Olivo 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ginez, A" journalOrPublisher="Division General de Planificacion Ambiental, Serie de Informes Tecnicos, DGSPOA / IT / 185, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B41" refString="Ginez, A, Olivo, M, Rodriguez, A, 1984. Inventario de los embalses con informacion basica para la actividad piscicola, Parte III: Sinopsis de los embalses administrados por el INOS. Division General de Planificacion Ambiental, Serie de Informes Tecnicos, DGSPOA/ IT/ 185, Caracas" title="Inventario de los embalses con informacion basica para la actividad piscicola, Parte III: Sinopsis de los embalses administrados por el INOS." year="1984">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ginéz">Ginez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716301" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing all the sites sampled in this study. The circles represent sampling localities based on specimen records used for morphological analyses, the squares represent sampling localities of the genetic material analyses, and the stars represent the type locality of each species. The colors represent the consensus of the species delimitation methods.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (red),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassipinnis" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="crassipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. crassipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ocellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(blue),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“East”">"East"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(yellow),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Jurua”">"Jurua"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(orange), and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Negro”">"Negro"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(brown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. usually inhabits the middle and lower reaches of the Orinoco River and the Gulf of Paria basin, at altitudes not exceeding 250 m a.s.l. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. A live coloration of specimens collected with holotype B Natural shallow pond and type locality in floodplain of Arauca River Venezuela. Photographs: Ivan Mikolji." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716302" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">8b</figureCitation>
|
||
). It can be found in either lotic or lentic water bodies, large or small rivers, culverts, lagoons, and floodplains, with white, clear, and black waters (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sioli, H" journalOrPublisher="Amazoniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="74 - 83" refId="B154" refString="Sioli, H, 1965. Bemerkung zur typologie amazonischer flussen. Amazoniana 1 (1): 74 - 83" title="Bemerkung zur typologie amazonischer flussen." volume="1" year="1965">Sioli 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the Orinoco River Delta, it lives in slow-flowing channels and flooded forests, while in the middle Orinoco region; it has only been captured in flood and floodplain lagoons, on both banks of the river (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novoa, D" editor="Novoa, D" journalOrPublisher="Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="263 - 324" refId="B115" refString="Novoa, D, Cervigon, F, Ramos, F, 1982. Catalogo de los Recursos Pesqueros del Delta del Rio Orinoco. In: Novoa, D, Ed., Los Recursos Pesqueros del Rio Orinoco y su Explotacion. Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, Caracas: 263 - 324" title="Catalogo de los Recursos Pesqueros del Delta del Rio Orinoco." volumeTitle="Los Recursos Pesqueros del Rio Orinoco y su Explotacion." year="1982">Novoa et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novoa, D" editor="Gremone, C" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Biosfera, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="223 - 246" refId="B112" refString="Novoa, D, 1986. Los peces de agua dulce. In: Gremone, C, Cervigon, F, Gorzula, S, Medina, G, Novoa, D, Eds., Fauna de Venezuela, Vertebrados. Editorial Biosfera, Caracas: 223 - 246" title="Los peces de agua dulce." volumeTitle="Fauna de Venezuela, Vertebrados." year="1986">Novoa 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In its first stages of development, it is associated with floating vegetation and semi-rooted plants formed mainly in grasses and water hyacinth (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paspalum repens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Paspalum repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Eichhornia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eichhornia crassipes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Eichhornia crassipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In the adult phase they are located in riparian zones, generally among grasses and sedges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B85" refString="Machado-Allison, A, 1993. Los Peces de los Llanos de Venezuela: Un Ensayo sobre su Historia Natural. CDCH. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas" title="Los Peces de los Llanos de Venezuela: Un Ensayo sobre su Historia Natural. CDCH." year="1993">Machado-Allison 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Publicaciones del Comite Espanol del Programa MAB y de la Red IberoMAB de la UNESCO, N ° 5" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B58" refString="Lasso, C, 2004. Los peces de la Estacion Biologica El Frio y Cano Guaritico, Estado Apure, Llanos del Orinoco, Venezuela. Publicaciones del Comite Espanol del Programa MAB y de la Red IberoMAB de la UNESCO, N°5" title="Los peces de la Estacion Biologica El Frio y Cano Guaritico, Estado Apure, Llanos del Orinoco, Venezuela." year="2004">Lasso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" editor="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Catalogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="596 - 598" refId="B71" refString="Lasso, C, Morales-Betancourt, M, Sierra-Quintero, M, 2011b. Astronotus sp. y Astronotus ocellatus (Perciformes, Cichlidae). In: Lasso, C, Agudelo Cordoba, E, Jimenez-Segura, LF, Ramirez-Gil, H, Morales-Betancourt, M, Ajiaco-Martinez, RE, De Paula Gutierrez, F, Usma, JS, Munoz-Torres, SE, Sanabria, AI, Eds., I. Catalogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiologicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de los Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. Bogota: 596 - 598" title="Astronotus sp. y Astronotus ocellatus (Perciformes, Cichlidae)" volumeTitle="I." year="2011 b">Lasso et al. 2011b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Echeverria, G" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Venezuelica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="75 - 87" refId="B30" refString="Echeverria, G, Machado-Allison, A, 2015. La ictiofauna de los Esteros de Camaguan (rio Portuguesa), Estado Guarico, Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 35 (1): 75 - 87" title="La ictiofauna de los Esteros de Camaguan (rio Portuguesa), Estado Guarico, Venezuela." volume="35" year="2015">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Echeverría">Echeverria</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Machado-Allison 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Part of the type material was captured in the flooded savannah of a minor tributary of the Arauca River, in the floodplains of Apure State, Venezuela (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Astronotus mikoljii sp. nov. A live coloration of specimens collected with holotype B Natural shallow pond and type locality in floodplain of Arauca River Venezuela. Photographs: Ivan Mikolji." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716302" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">8b</figureCitation>
|
||
). During sampling, the body of water was almost stagnant and the water temperature was 27 °C with abundant aquatic vegetation and muddy bottom.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716302" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A</emphasis>
|
||
live coloration of specimens collected with holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">B</emphasis>
|
||
Natural shallow pond and type locality in floodplain of Arauca River Venezuela. Photographs: Ivan Mikolji.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
This species was probably negatively impacted by the invasion of the Orinoco River Basin by transferred invasive cichlid
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Pisces" family="Cichlidae" genus="Caquetaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caquetaia kraussii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kraussii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Caquetaia kraussii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Steindachner, 1878) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Royero, R" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="163 - 180" refId="B144" refString="Royero, R, Lasso, C, 1992. Distribucion actual de la mojarra de rio Caquetaia kraussii (Steindachner, 1878) (Perciformes: Cichlidae) en Venezuela: un ejemplo del problema de la introduccion de especies. Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 52 (138): 163 - 180" title="Distribucion actual de la mojarra de rio Caquetaia kraussii (Steindachner, 1878) (Perciformes: Cichlidae) en Venezuela: un ejemplo del problema de la introduccion de especies." volume="52" year="1992">Royero and Lasso 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Senaris, JC" journalOrPublisher="Publicaciones de la Asociacion Amigos de Donana" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B151" refString="Senaris, JC, Lasso, C, 1993. Ecologia alimentaria y reproductiva de la mojarra de rio Caquetaia kraussii (Steindachner 1878) (Cichlidae) en los Llanos inundables de Venezuela. Publicaciones de la Asociacion Amigos de Donana 2: 1 - 58" title="Ecologia alimentaria y reproductiva de la mojarra de rio Caquetaia kraussii (Steindachner 1878) (Cichlidae) en los Llanos inundables de Venezuela." volume="2" year="1993">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Señaris">Senaris</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Lasso 1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Claves, diagnosis, aspectos bio-ecologicos e ilustraciones. Serie Peces de Venezuela. Universidad Central de Venezuela" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B60" refString="Lasso, C, Machado-Allison, A, 2000. Sinopsis de las especies de peces de la familia Cichlidae presentes en la cuenca del Rio Orinoco. Claves, diagnosis, aspectos bio-ecologicos e ilustraciones. Serie Peces de Venezuela. Universidad Central de Venezuela" title="Sinopsis de las especies de peces de la familia Cichlidae presentes en la cuenca del Rio Orinoco." year="2000">Lasso and Machado-Allison 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For example, in one lagoon in the Portuguesa River drainage between Guanare and Guanarito, where one of the authors (DCT) commonly collected
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. mikoljii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">A. mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (on many occasions over many years during student field trips from 1978 to 1988) it is now absent, having been completely replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. kraussii" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="kraussii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">C. kraussii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="111" type="common names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="111">
|
||
In Spanish and indigenous local languages, names which are known for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lozano & Lasso-Alcalá & Bittencourt & Taphorn & Perez & Farias" authorityYear="2022" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Astronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astronotus mikoljii" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mikoljii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="111">Astronotus mikoljii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in Venezuela are pavona, vieja, cupaneca, Oscar, mijsho (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kariña">Karina</normalizedToken>
|
||
), boisikuajaba (Warao),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="hácho">hacho</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pumé">Pume</normalizedToken>
|
||
= Yaruro), phadeewa, jadaewa (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ye’Kuana">Ye'Kuana</normalizedToken>
|
||
= Makiritare), perewa, parawa (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Eñepá">Enepa</normalizedToken>
|
||
= Panare), yawirra (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kúrrim">Kurrim</normalizedToken>
|
||
= Kurripako),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="kohukohurimï">kohukohurimi</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="kohokohorimï">kohokohorimi</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="owënawë">owenawe</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="kohoromï”">kohoromi"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Yanomami =
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanomamï">Yanomami</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barandiaran, D" journalOrPublisher="Antropologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="61 - 90" refId="B9" refString="Barandiaran, D, 1962. Shamanismo yekuana o makiritare. Antropologica 11: 61 - 90" title="Shamanismo yekuana o makiritare." volume="11" year="1962">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barandiarán">Barandiaran</normalizedToken>
|
||
1962
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mago, F" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="237 - 262" refId="B92" refString="Mago, F, 1967. Notas preliminares sobre los peces de los llanos de Venezuela. Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 27 (112): 237 - 262" title="Notas preliminares sobre los peces de los llanos de Venezuela." volume="27" year="1967">Mago 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mago, F" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, Oficina Nacional de Pesca, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B95" refString="Mago, F, 1970c. Lista de los Peces de Venezuela, incluyendo un estudio preliminar sobre la ictiogeografia del pais. Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, Oficina Nacional de Pesca, Caracas" title="Lista de los Peces de Venezuela, incluyendo un estudio preliminar sobre la ictiogeografia del pais." year="1970 c">1970c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novoa, D" editor="Novoa, D" journalOrPublisher="Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="263 - 324" refId="B115" refString="Novoa, D, Cervigon, F, Ramos, F, 1982. Catalogo de los Recursos Pesqueros del Delta del Rio Orinoco. In: Novoa, D, Ed., Los Recursos Pesqueros del Rio Orinoco y su Explotacion. Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, Caracas: 263 - 324" title="Catalogo de los Recursos Pesqueros del Delta del Rio Orinoco." volumeTitle="Los Recursos Pesqueros del Rio Orinoco y su Explotacion." year="1982">Novoa et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Obregon, H" journalOrPublisher="Corporacion de Desarrollo de la Region de los Llanos, Maracay" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B116" refString="Obregon, H, Diaz, J, Perez, L, 1984. Lexico yaruro-espanol espanol-yaruro. Gobernacion del Estado Apure. Corporacion de Desarrollo de la Region de los Llanos, Maracay" title="Lexico yaruro-espanol espanol-yaruro. Gobernacion del Estado Apure." year="1984">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Obregón">Obregon</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Roman, B" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Biosfera, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B140" refString="Roman, B, 1985. Peces de agua dulce de Venezuela. Editorial Biosfera, Caracas" title="Peces de agua dulce de Venezuela." year="1985">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novoa, D" editor="Gremone, C" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Biosfera, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="223 - 246" refId="B112" refString="Novoa, D, 1986. Los peces de agua dulce. In: Gremone, C, Cervigon, F, Gorzula, S, Medina, G, Novoa, D, Eds., Fauna de Venezuela, Vertebrados. Editorial Biosfera, Caracas: 223 - 246" title="Los peces de agua dulce." volumeTitle="Fauna de Venezuela, Vertebrados." year="1986">Novoa 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Roman, B" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion Cientifica Fluvial de los Llanos, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B141" refString="Roman, B, 1988. Los Pavones. Coleccion: Los peces de los Llanos de Venezuela. Fundacion Cientifica Fluvial de los Llanos, Caracas" title="Los Pavones. Coleccion: Los peces de los Llanos de Venezuela." year="1988">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Román">Roman</normalizedToken>
|
||
1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bedoya, O" journalOrPublisher="Inirida: Direccion de Asuntos Indigenas del Ministerio de Educacion-Venezuela / Centro Experimental Piloto de Guainia-Fundacion Etnollano-Programa Coama-Colombia, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B11" refString="Bedoya, O, 1992. Diccionario kurripako (version experimental sujeta a revision). Inirida: Direccion de Asuntos Indigenas del Ministerio de Educacion-Venezuela/Centro Experimental Piloto de Guainia-Fundacion Etnollano-Programa Coama-Colombia, Caracas" title="Diccionario kurripako (version experimental sujeta a revision)." year="1992">Bedoya 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mattei-Mueller, MC" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Cultura de Venezuela, UNESCO, Embajada de Espana en Venezuela, Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B101" refString="Mattei-Mueller, MC, Henley, P, Salas, P, 1994. Diccionario ilustrado panare-espanol/ indice/ espanol-panare. Un aporte al estudio de los Panares-E'nepa. Caracas-Venezuela: Comision Nacional para la Conmemoracion del Quinto Centenario del Descubrimiento de America. Comision Quinto Centenario, 417 pp." title="Diccionario ilustrado panare-espanol / indice / espanol-panare. Un aporte al estudio de los Panares-E'nepa. Caracas-Venezuela: Comision Nacional para la Conmemoracion del Quinto Centenario del Descubrimiento de America. Comision Quinto Centenario, 417 pp." year="1994">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mattei-Müller">Mattei-Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lasso, C" journalOrPublisher="Claves, diagnosis, aspectos bio-ecologicos e ilustraciones. Serie Peces de Venezuela. Universidad Central de Venezuela" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B60" refString="Lasso, C, Machado-Allison, A, 2000. Sinopsis de las especies de peces de la familia Cichlidae presentes en la cuenca del Rio Orinoco. Claves, diagnosis, aspectos bio-ecologicos e ilustraciones. Serie Peces de Venezuela. Universidad Central de Venezuela" title="Sinopsis de las especies de peces de la familia Cichlidae presentes en la cuenca del Rio Orinoco." year="2000">Lasso and Machado-Allison 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mosonyi, JC" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire, IFAN, Dakar 81" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B108" refString="Mosonyi, JC, 2002. Diccionario basico del idioma karina. Barcelona-Venezuela: Direccion de Cultura de la Gobernacion del Estado Anzoategui/Fundacion Fondo Editorial del Caribe, 187 pp." title="Diccionario basico del idioma karina. Barcelona-Venezuela: Direccion de Cultura de la Gobernacion del Estado Anzoategui / Fundacion Fondo Editorial del Caribe, 187 pp." year="2002">Mosonyi 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado-Allison, A" editor="Aguilera, M" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion Polar, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="562 - 581" refId="B86" refString="Machado-Allison, A, 2003. Peces de agua dulce. In: Aguilera, M, Azocar, A, Gonzalez, E, Eds., Biodiversidad en Venezuela. Fundacion Polar, Caracas: 562 - 581" title="Peces de agua dulce." volumeTitle="Biodiversidad en Venezuela." year="2003">Machado-Allison 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vispo, C" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Guaianae" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 34" refId="B165" refString="Vispo, C, Knab-Vispo, C, 2003. A general description of the lower Caura. plantas and vertebrates of the Cauras riparian corridor: their biology, use and conservation. Scientia Guaianae 12: 1 - 34" title="A general description of the lower Caura. plantas and vertebrates of the Cauras riparian corridor: their biology, use and conservation." volume="12" year="2003">Vispo and Knab-Vispo 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mattei-Mueller, MC" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Cultura de Venezuela, UNESCO, Embajada de Espana en Venezuela, Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional, Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B100" refString="Mattei-Mueller, MC, Serowe, J, 2007. Lengua y cultura yanomami. Diccionario ilustrado Yanomami-espanol/ Espanol-Yanomami. Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Cultura de Venezuela, UNESCO, Embajada de Espana en Venezuela, Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional, Caracas" title="Lengua y cultura yanomami. Diccionario ilustrado Yanomami-espanol / Espanol-Yanomami." year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mattei-Müller">Mattei-Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Serowe 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, A" journalOrPublisher="A., Caracas" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B14" refString="Brito, A, Lasso, C, Sanchez-Duarte, P, 2011. Pavona, cupaneca, Oscar, Astronotus cf. ocellatus. In: Lasso C, Sanchez-Duarte P (Eds) Los peces del delta del Orinoco. Diversidad, bio-ecologia, uso y conservacion. Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales y Chevron C. A., Caracas" title="Pavona, cupaneca, Oscar, Astronotus cf. ocellatus. In: Lasso C, Sanchez-Duarte P (Eds) Los peces del delta del Orinoco. Diversidad, bio-ecologia, uso y conservacion. Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales y Chevron C." year="2011">Brito et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and pavo real,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="carabazú">carabazu</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Oscar, mojarra, mojarra negra, eba (Puinave), Itapukunda (Kurripako), uan (Tucano) in Colombia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sanchez, E" journalOrPublisher="CIRCUI / Centro de Investigaciones del Rescate Cultural Puinave Autoctonos, Inirida" pageId="0" pageNumber="111" refId="B146" refString="Sanchez, E, 2008. Diccionario puinave-espanol y la oracion gramatical. s.l. CIRCUI/Centro de Investigaciones del Rescate Cultural Puinave Autoctonos, Inirida" title="Diccionario puinave-espanol y la oracion gramatical. s. l." year="2008">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The suggested common name for this species in the aquarium hobby is
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Mikolji’s">"Mikolji's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Oscar" in English, "Oscar de Mikolji
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘’">''</normalizedToken>
|
||
in Spanish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |