468 lines
37 KiB
XML
468 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1145-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" ID-ZooBank="830628C276CD4641BFC6144CD775ED6B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1145-1" checkinTime="1675506069289" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hedin, Marshal & Milne, Marc A." docDate="2023" docId="DA5504297B4D59F39D0B439063F73C48" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1145: 1-130" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1145" docPubDate="2023-02-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724" docTitle="Nesticus roanensis Hedin & Milne 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AA97398C-1B2D-4E1D-B5DD-09C3DB072EFC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653" masterDocTitle="New species in old mountains: integrative taxonomy reveals ten new species and extensive short-range endemism in Nesticus spiders (Araneae, Nesticidae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1675506069289" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species in old mountains: integrative taxonomy reveals ten new species and extensive short-range endemism in Nesticus spiders (Araneae, Nesticidae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hedin, Marshal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 - 4614, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mhedin@sdsu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Milne, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-0161</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1145</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>130</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1145-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">830628C276CD4641BFC6144CD775ED6B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">ACBBD138B7375B0D9F63CE792A82F653</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA97398C-1B2D-4E1D-B5DD-09C3DB072EFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA5504297B4D59F39D0B439063F73C48" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/AA97398C-1B2D-4E1D-B5DD-09C3DB072EFC" authority="Hedin & Milne, 2023" authorityName="Hedin & Milne" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis" status="sp. nov.">Nesticus roanensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Nesticus roanensis sp. nov. genitalia. North Carolina, Mitchell Co., Roan Mountain, below Roan High Bluff, holotype male (SDSU _ TAC 000675) palp, dorsal (A), ventral (B) C North Carolina, Mitchell Co., upper Roan Valley, MCH 01 _ 148, palp, ventral D North Carolina, Avery Co., Henson Creek at Henson Creek Baptist Church, MCH 07 _ 138, palp, ventral. Epigynal variation. North Carolina, Mitchell Co., Roan Mountain, below Roan High Bluff, paratype ♀ (SDSU _ TAC 000675) epigynum, ventral (E), dorsal (F) G North Carolina, Mitchell Co., upper Roan Valley, MCH 01 _ 148, ventral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804479" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 28A-G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Type material:
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-08-22" collectorName="M. Hedin, M. Lowder" country="USA" county="Mitchell Co." latitude="36.0931" location="Roan High Bluff" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-82.1459" municipality="Roan Mountain" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="North Carolina">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Mitchell Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality>Roan Mountain</collectingMunicipality>
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, below
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA5504297B4D59F39D0B439063F73C48:D59AA3983144B9B69507D4FC5DCC3F01" country="USA" county="Mitchell Co." latitude="36.0931" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-82.1459" municipality="Roan Mountain" name="Roan High Bluff" stateProvince="North Carolina">Roan High Bluff</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.0931" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.0931">36.0931°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.1459" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-82.1459">82.1459°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2001-08-22">22 Aug. 2001</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>M. Lowder</collectorName>
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leg.; MCH 01_150 (SDSU_TAC000675)
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</materialsCitation>
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</emphasis>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-08-22" collectorName="M. Hedin, M. Lowder, Non" country="USA" county="Mitchell Co." latitude="36.0931" location="Roan High Bluff" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-82.1459" municipality="Roan Mountain" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="North Carolina">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Mitchell Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality>Roan Mountain</collectingMunicipality>
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, below
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA5504297B4D59F39D0B439063F73C48:8A1AAF14D4A333B683C5FFA122F528C4" country="USA" county="Mitchell Co." latitude="36.0931" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-82.1459" municipality="Roan Mountain" name="Roan High Bluff" stateProvince="North Carolina">Roan High Bluff</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.0931" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.0931">36.0931°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.1459" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-82.1459">82.1459°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2001-08-22">22 Aug. 2001</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>M. Lowder</collectorName>
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leg.; MCH 01_150 (SDSU_TAC000676);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>Non</collectorName>
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type material
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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-
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-08-21" collectorName="M. Hedin, M. McCormack, S. Derkarabetian" country="United States of America" county="Avery Co." latitude="36.0374" location="Henson Creek Baptist Church" longLatPrecision="44" longitude="-82.042" municipality="Henson Creek" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="North Carolina">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Avery Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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, 1 imm;
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<collectingMunicipality>Henson Creek</collectingMunicipality>
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at
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA5504297B4D59F39D0B439063F73C48:1A4026B358031661C197A396E83C8C49" country="United States of America" county="Avery Co." latitude="36.0374" longLatPrecision="44" longitude="-82.042" municipality="Henson Creek" name="Henson Creek Baptist Church" stateProvince="North Carolina">Henson Creek Baptist Church</location>
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, on
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA5504297B4D59F39D0B439063F73C48:CDEDC57529AED39DCE05D5C38AB0E033" country="United States of America" county="Avery Co." latitude="36.0374" longLatPrecision="44" longitude="-82.042" municipality="Henson Creek" name="Henson Rd" stateProvince="North Carolina">Henson Rd</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation location="Ingalls">N of Ingalls</locationDeviation>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.0374" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.0374">36.0374°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.042" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-82.042">82.042°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2007-08-21">21 Aug. 2007</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>M. McCormack</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>S. Derkarabetian</collectorName>
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leg.; MCH 07_138
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</materialsCitation>
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; -
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-08-21" collectingDateMax="2001-08-22" collectingDateMin="2001-08-21" collectorName="M. Hedin, M. Lowder" country="United States of America" county="Mitchell Co." latitude="36.0929" location="Roan High Bluff" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-82.0932" municipality="Roan Mountain" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="North Carolina">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Mitchell Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality>Roan Mountain</collectingMunicipality>
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, below
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA5504297B4D59F39D0B439063F73C48:30662DEF36BE95135542DC13208A7170" country="United States of America" county="Mitchell Co." latitude="36.0929" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-82.0932" municipality="Roan Mountain" name="Roan High Bluff" stateProvince="North Carolina">Roan High Bluff</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.0931" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.0931">36.0931°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.1459" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-82.1459">82.1459°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2001-08-22">22 Aug. 2001</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>M. Lowder</collectorName>
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leg.; MCH 01_150; •
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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, 6 imm; upper Roan Valley,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA5504297B4D59F39D0B439063F73C48:967A00206F2E31706B7B3C8448F3D65C" country="United States of America" county="Mitchell Co." latitude="36.0929" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-82.0932" municipality="Roan Mountain" name="Hwy" stateProvince="North Carolina">Hwy</location>
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261;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.0929" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.0929">36.0929°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.0932" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-82.0932">82.0932°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2001-08-21">21 Aug. 2001</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>M. Lowder</collectorName>
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leg.; MCH 01_148
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</materialsCitation>
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; -
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-08-09" collectingDateMax="2016-05-31" collectingDateMin="2004-08-09" collectorName="NE Roan Mountain, M. Hedin, R. Keith, J. Starrett, S. Thomas, Hwy, S. Derkarabetian, D. Proud" country="United States of America" county="Carter Co." latitude="36.1094" location="Roan Mountain" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-82.0961" municipality="Hwy" specimenCount="26" specimenCount-female="18" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Tennessee" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Tennessee">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Carter Co.</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<specimenCount type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">15♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality>Hwy</collectingMunicipality>
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143,
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<collectorName>
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NE
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA5504297B4D59F39D0B439063F73C48:787DC6BBFCD1AB781EB650401026EBBA" country="United States of America" county="Carter Co." latitude="36.1094" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-82.0961" municipality="Hwy" name="Roan Mountain" stateProvince="Tennessee">Roan Mountain</location>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<locationDeviation location="Carvers Gap">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 mi.</quantity>
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N Carvers Gap
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</locationDeviation>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.1184" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.1184">36.1184°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.0818" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-82.0818">82.0818°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2004-08-09">9 Aug. 2004</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>R. Keith</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>J. Starrett</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>S. Thomas</collectorName>
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leg.; MCH 04_034; •
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<specimenCount type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectorName>Hwy</collectorName>
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143,
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<collectorName>
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NE
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA5504297B4D59F39D0B439063F73C48:FBD96D4A2D6F00214089B4FB31F862BD" country="United States of America" county="Carter Co." latitude="36.1094" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-82.0961" municipality="Hwy" name="Roan Mountain" stateProvince="Tennessee">Roan Mountain</location>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<locationDeviation location="Carvers Gap">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 mi.</quantity>
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N Carvers Gap
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</locationDeviation>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.1094" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.1094">36.1094°N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.0961" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-82.0961">82.0961°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2016-05-31">31 May. 2016</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>M. Hedin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>S. Derkarabetian</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>J. Starrett</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>D. Proud</collectorName>
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leg.; MCH 16_033
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Male
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedin & Milne" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus roanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possess a distinctive fork at the base of the tegulum unlike any other species in the species group (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Nesticus roanensis sp. nov. genitalia. North Carolina, Mitchell Co., Roan Mountain, below Roan High Bluff, holotype male (SDSU _ TAC 000675) palp, dorsal (A), ventral (B) C North Carolina, Mitchell Co., upper Roan Valley, MCH 01 _ 148, palp, ventral D North Carolina, Avery Co., Henson Creek at Henson Creek Baptist Church, MCH 07 _ 138, palp, ventral. Epigynal variation. North Carolina, Mitchell Co., Roan Mountain, below Roan High Bluff, paratype ♀ (SDSU _ TAC 000675) epigynum, ventral (E), dorsal (F) G North Carolina, Mitchell Co., upper Roan Valley, MCH 01 _ 148, ventral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804479" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28A-D</figureCitation>
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). Like the sister species
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the distal end of the paracymbial dorsal process is relatively rounded, vs. truncate. Females of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. roanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are very similar to females of sister species
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804479" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 28.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedin & Milne" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus roanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. genitalia. North Carolina, Mitchell Co., Roan Mountain, below Roan High Bluff, holotype male (SDSU_TAC000675) palp, dorsal (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
), ventral (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
North Carolina, Mitchell Co., upper Roan Valley, MCH 01_148, palp, ventral
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
North Carolina, Avery Co., Henson Creek at Henson Creek Baptist Church, MCH 07_138, palp, ventral. Epigynal variation. North Carolina, Mitchell Co., Roan Mountain, below Roan High Bluff, paratype ♀ (SDSU_TAC000675) epigynum, ventral (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
), dorsal (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
North Carolina, Mitchell Co., upper Roan Valley, MCH 01_148, ventral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of ♂ holotype</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(SDSU_TAC000675).</emphasis>
|
|
Carapace dusky cream, faint dark pigment behind ocular area. Legs pale yellow / cream. Abdomen dirty pale cream with darker paired lateral pigmentation blotches. All eyes approximately equal in size, except for AMEs, ~ 1/4 width of ALEs. Eyes with rings of dark pigment. CL 1.6, CW 1.5, abdomen length 2.25, total body length 3.85. Leg I total length 11.35 (3.05, 0.75, 3.4, 2.95, 1.2), leg formula 1423, leg I / CW ratio 7.6. Paracymbium with a knob-shaped ventral process with a sclerotized retrolateral keel, a dorsal process with a rounded serrate, distal portion, a rectangular paradistal process, and a translucent, elongate, prolaterally-directed dorsal process. Median apophysis rectangular with an anteriorly directed edge coming to a point, translucent proximal spatulate edge lying above distal tegular process. Tegular process with arrowhead-like basal fork, distal process nearly as broad as long with apical point, nose-like bulge at the base of the distal process. Distal tip of conductor bent and directed prolaterally.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="♂ variation">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">♂ Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Adult males from multiple collection events, including the lower elevation Henson Creek specimens, all closely approximate the holotype male. The distal portion of the tegular apophysis for the male from upper Roan Valley (MCH 01_148) is broken (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Nesticus roanensis sp. nov. genitalia. North Carolina, Mitchell Co., Roan Mountain, below Roan High Bluff, holotype male (SDSU _ TAC 000675) palp, dorsal (A), ventral (B) C North Carolina, Mitchell Co., upper Roan Valley, MCH 01 _ 148, palp, ventral D North Carolina, Avery Co., Henson Creek at Henson Creek Baptist Church, MCH 07 _ 138, palp, ventral. Epigynal variation. North Carolina, Mitchell Co., Roan Mountain, below Roan High Bluff, paratype ♀ (SDSU _ TAC 000675) epigynum, ventral (E), dorsal (F) G North Carolina, Mitchell Co., upper Roan Valley, MCH 01 _ 148, ventral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804479" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of ♀ paratype</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(SDSU_TAC000676).</emphasis>
|
|
Carapace dusky orange, conspicuous faint dark pigment behind ocular area. Legs pale orange. Abdomen dirty pale cream with darker paired lateral pigmentation blotches. All eyes approximately equal in size, except for AMEs, ~ 1/4 width of ALEs. Eyes with rings of dark pigment. CL 1.5, CW 1.4, abdomen length 2.35, total body length 3.85. Leg I total length 9.35 (2.65, 0.7, 2.65, 2.3, 1.05), leg formula 1423, leg I / CW ratio 6.7. Epigynum short, wider than long. Broad proximal median septum, narrowing slightly posteriorly. Lateral to proximal septum lie obliquely oriented, oval-shaped shallow pockets outlined by circular rings. Short, banana-shaped spermathecae visible lateral to distal septum, approximately perpendicular to septum. Viewed dorsally, circular internal lobes with interior margins bulging inwards and touching along the midline.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="♀ variation">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">♀ Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The epigyna of females from multiple locations closely approximate the paratype female.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Restricted to Roan Mountain and immediate vicinity at elevations near or above 1800 meters, except for the Henson Creek location (~ 900 meters) on the southeastern flanks of Roan Mountain (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of Nesticus tennesseensis group species. Type localities designated with yellow circles. State boundaries and major cities shown for geographic context. Dashed lines circumscribe known species distributions." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
|
|
). At high elevations spiders were found to be reasonably common under large stones in extensive north-facing talus habitat.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
We have collected comprehensively in this region, finding the sister species
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to the north and west, other
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Petrunkevitch" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus tennesseensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tennesseensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus tennesseensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group species to the east and southeast (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of Nesticus tennesseensis group species. Type localities designated with yellow circles. State boundaries and major cities shown for geographic context. Dashed lines circumscribe known species distributions." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
|
|
), and other
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1869" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
further southwest. We believe that we have the small geographic distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. roanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
well-circumscribed. The lower elevation Henson Creek sample location (~ 900 meters) has important conservation implications for this species, but more extensive regional sampling is needed to fully understand the distribution and abundance of this species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Named after the highlands of Roan Mountain along the North Carolina / Tennessee border.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
While male morphological evidence clearly supports this species as distinct in a "morphology first" framework (unique forked base of tegular apophysis), the UCE phylogenomic evidence is mixed. Concatenated likelihood supports the two sampled
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedin & Milne" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus roanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
populations as monophyletic (bootstrap = 100), but nested within a larger
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
clade (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. UCE concatenated maximum likelihood tree. Distant outgroups removed (for graphical purposes), specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Node numbers correspond to bootstrap (bold text) / gCF / sCF. Only bootstrap values below 100 shown, all others 100. gCF and sCF values rounded to nearest integer; sCF values below 38 highlighted with red text." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
|
). However, this
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
paraphyly is weakly supported, with a bootstrap value of 59 and a sCF value of only 30.5. Collapsing this node results in a topology where
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. roanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shares a polytomous node with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
populations (i.e., there is not strong support for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
paraphyly). The ASTRAL topology more clearly favors reciprocal monophyly of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. roanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the former with a posterior probability of 0.99, the latter with a posterior probability of 1.0 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. UCE ASTRAL species tree. Distant outgroups removed (for graphical purposes), specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Included are quartet support values (rounded to nearest integer), and local posterior probability values (if less than 1.0, red text). Branch lengths in coalescent units for internal branches only, terminal branch lengths arbitrary. Internal branch to Nesticus cressleri truncated for graphical purposes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
|
). This recovered monophyly, in combination with morphological diagnosability, would be consistent with our species criteria.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Mitochondrial data fail to support
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedin & Milne" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus roanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as distinct from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. COI IQT gene tree. Distant outgroups trimmed. Specimen numbers correspond to those in Suppl. material 3 (with detailed location provided in Suppl. material 1). Sequences from UCE capture denoted with " NODE ". Populations with a " Nesticus cooperi - like " male paracymbium denoted by small circles. Not all tip bootstrap values shown (see Suppl. material 4 for. tre file with all bootstrap values)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804457" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
|
), with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. roanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
haplotypes intermixed with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
haplotypes, and sometimes sharing nearly identical haplotypes. Because these taxa are closely parapatric it is possible that this reflects mitochondrial introgression at areas of contact on the northern slopes of Roan Mountain (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of Nesticus tennesseensis group species. Type localities designated with yellow circles. State boundaries and major cities shown for geographic context. Dashed lines circumscribe known species distributions." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
|
|
). A combination of introgression and incomplete lineage sorting (or ILS alone) is also a possibility.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Overall, this taxonomic situation illustrates patterns of nuclear vs. mitochondrial vs. morphological discordance as also found elsewhere in Appalachian
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1869" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesticus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The male morphology of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. roanensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. roanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is as divergent as any taxon in the species group (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Comparative ♂ palps of Nesticus tennesseensis group A Nesticus silvanus B N. cherokeensis C N. holsingeri D N. mimus E N. tennesseensis F N. dilutus G N. carolinensis H N. paynei, and I N. roanensis. All views are ventral. See subsequent figures for specimen locations and voucher details." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1145.96724.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C</figureCitation>
|
|
), female morphology and mitochondrial haplotypes are shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. paynei" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. paynei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, while nuclear phylogenomic divergence is mixed. Rates of evolution in these different character classes appear to vary in this group of populations.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |