295 lines
32 KiB
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295 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina & Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum caesium Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 252. 1879." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods id="ACCEF503B370B403BB48E406FB9A8108" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="35D72F3B2531D3A3104EC3305C92316A">
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<mods:title id="4D3B3BADCBBD33412C80F485F10D35D8">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6F218A9793BFF74FFB52C66F3980E472" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="04F5744A5F1F309C64AEF283A2A36D99">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="07F7059753FD5C5D8485596974119556" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B38039CAD87AB264D520BB011F5E589F">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9E958910CDEE15B1E3F77C81F39F3061" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3902BBCD52A3F5CF95147B1A46A7FFA9">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D72C7955D13B524EC9DB3536574A4A3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DE9F2252BDC8CCAA66C17099EBBE20D2">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="797A97E774D34A9F2AFBCE2CEDA1B3EF">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C57D7BBB77E3262A886DD5789BE0FAAF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A232D6399FB222995FA0A0860A10947">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B41F6135369F6EDBDFE7367C930024E8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5AD07045E7BBFF6C957595E6A0AB3035">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B4E6AD25F41C8A73176F162D39592F0B">
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<mods:date id="C6D3C13B7513672F561B645E74BE82DB">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5200CF033606F3BCA8B5A2ED385A6A5E">2023-08-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B3F314F9A7E69AF0B77FFDC6955234F4">231</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="32EB4DDF7E3420414D7FB29D84D9A27D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="915A0DE8FEC82E9FBBF4527F4EA51C83" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="F506B090C55156197B17C2FE7D694620" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A0ED285738F146E6C3C6F5EF94EA6798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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10.
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<taxonomicName id="6BF0928F82B893A02FB29434C61B1A92" ID-CoL="4XZSZ" ID-ENA="205533" authority="Griseb., Abh. Koenigl. Ges. Wiss. Goettingen 24: 252. 1879." authorityName="Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 252. 1879." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
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Solanum caesium Griseb., Abh.
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<normalizedToken id="4EF2B53B1F383A9A2D41C6F5923E879F" originalValue="Königl">Koenigl</normalizedToken>
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. Ges. Wiss.
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<normalizedToken id="ABDE1BB490719DB7556408B8E9590E7B" originalValue="Göttingen">Goettingen</normalizedToken>
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24: 252. 1879.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9531207E707987290D9203450A39AE6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="EA20E0FE6A8DA44C4023C7BAA647A121" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="F734361E1B59B8115DDDBD873268173C" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Solanum caesium A branch with flowers and fruits B calyx C flower D dissected flower E stamen, dorsal view F stamen, ventral view G gynoecium H fruit I seed (A-I Barboza et al. 2249). Illustration by L. Ribulgo. Previously published in Barboza et al. (2013: 240)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897493" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 32</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="CEA7426A6E6F51E35FD69B27B55F2239" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Solanum caesium A habit B inflorescence with buds and flowers C infructescence with developing fruits D mature fruits (A, C, D Barboza et al. 3530 B Barboza et al. 3541). Photos by S. Knapp." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897494" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 33</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1E2D4C3C0DCAC18E485C94DC5BA54CC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="542386226B20BD26EB22DCC481587170" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="00538573BC173C2AC7CEC773774DC53B" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1914" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum oranense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oranense">Solanum oranense</taxonomicName>
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Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 170. 1914. Type. Argentina: Salta:
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<normalizedToken id="377F03C18783EC5036032DE32DBB02B3" originalValue="Orán">Oran</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="F2CA05DF5F2F557A0572DD9BFB559FA0" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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de las Piedras, 3 Nov 1911,
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<emphasis id="312508F08A05F235727F4D21DC3AFA7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Lillo 10884</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="8AA5F5AAED5598B8772994A54BD6C02D" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires & Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires & Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 240: LIL [LIL001450]; isolectotypes: G, LIL [LIL001451], SI [051837, 075020]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C96E5244F5F217F55E3E22C1425C913A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1B43D0803C21555CE7037D94E065FFB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="3F9D3C68EDA18578C8796E14C96F4997">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EE37B480B56BD57F3AD0476E702867BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="A46C10502DB312316EFC2AC7BD6299C4" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="Argentina" location="Salta" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Salta" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="4FD58DC48AF26A0A9B93A0E1D837AE3D" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="1D559E57686D02A43E2FD03851542E99" country="Argentina" name="Salta">Salta</collectingRegion>
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: Dpto
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="1F6D8AF72CE4FA2776DBBA2DB37BCB4B" collectingDate="1873-10-17" collectorName="P. G. Lorentz, G. Hieronymus" country="Oran" location="Rio Blanco" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<normalizedToken id="8ED97C656EADF20A4F4AC416F69F582B" originalValue="Orán">
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<collectingCountry id="831FD1A9DAB09E43ABD8FC5202E993B5" name="Algeria">Oran</collectingCountry>
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</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="1CCCD122AB3B7D6E8EAAC22615408922" originalValue="“Río">
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"
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<location id="51D00303EA862D9696B9E1C0691BE842" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35:51D00303EA862D9696B9E1C0691BE842" country="Oran" name="Rio Blanco">Rio Blanco</location>
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</normalizedToken>
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, bei
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<collectingCountry id="141D4ADA461265405C24A0C98FC0684B" name="Algeria">Oran</collectingCountry>
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",
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<collectingDate id="B17E87F3B7F202A9F0686EDF99DDBA80" value="1873-10-17">17 Oct 1873</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis id="0774FFBD348A807849F5A948C31515BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName id="316D464C37065CCE01D0C5DAADB63413">P.G. Lorentz</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="B6F905AE26E611E3D3B478302FA90CF2">G. Hieronymus</collectorName>
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351
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="6A4128F483CB8644ED29AE494625D7B4">lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="F29906412876027CF159254F3FD2A6A7" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires & Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires & Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 240: GOET [GOET003491]; isolectotypes: B, destroyed [F neg. 2766], CORD [CORD00006114], F [fragment of B duplicate, V0073222F, acc. # 621208], GOET [GOET003490, GOET003489])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="9BAECE99C94463A31151AC02F7376298" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897493" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 32" startId="F32">
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<paragraph id="6744E4CB42DA1E98860CDF2D61543513" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="BC6C71FF97C8D5DB9CC6C843AE855496" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 32.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="338353D57A5A5F0FE3F261D274607CE5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
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<emphasis id="EAA9C30A46F849BE6BBEE5F0498548CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="8AB5C4C447FCCE577A51CF52A7F87E7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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branch with flowers and fruits
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<emphasis id="B6DBB388E1CEF9C7A67704E5247058B0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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calyx
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<emphasis id="9E657BEF896F059AF77F15E7BFC99726" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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flower
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<emphasis id="B094E82C1E536EBC0842C22CBC19FBE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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dissected flower
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<emphasis id="BBC79951CABDE92C9AB71CC56514BCFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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stamen, dorsal view
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<emphasis id="F14B8B5CE628D1F4D1BB1882318A0DCB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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stamen, ventral view
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<emphasis id="79E37655D8FEA4734286DF05EC0E1F9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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gynoecium
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<emphasis id="92399E7A5F211068EC88538D310F6AD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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fruit
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<emphasis id="2F7B15E4D253D853839356EE4FF000F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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seed (
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<emphasis id="1DD0AA26989032173DADDE6D03E01CA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-I</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="6375B8BD6DD0FDF682E5B36A888D252D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 2249</emphasis>
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). Illustration by L. Ribulgo. Previously published in
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<bibRefCitation id="74A5ED6103D1CA5972FABE0F45EADEA3" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires & Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires & Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. (2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 240).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6D977D935DE344F131C1117AAD9C9079" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1940CCE861C86C21508F8C07EBD68100" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="049F85F4522C8DD47817C2B7BCB1433F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Large sprawling perennial herbs forming patches 1-2 m in diameter, the branches sometimes to several metres long. Stems strongly angled with wings ca. 1 mm wide, slightly fleshy and watery or rubbery, glabrous or with a mix of eglandular and glandular (only in Bolivia, see below) simple uniseriate trichomes, the eglandular trichomes 4-6-celled, ca. 0.5 mm long, the glandular trichomes denser, 4-6-celled, to 1.5 mm long, the terminal gland a single cell; new growth densely papillate and glabrous to moderately pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems; older stems green or yellowish green. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, often toothed, the blades (2.4)7-13 cm long, (1.7)2.5-8 cm wide, elliptic-ovate to narrowly elliptic-ovate, widest in the lower half, membranous to fleshy (watery), concolorous but with very distinct calcium oxalate inclusions in the mesophyll (crystal sand); adaxial surfaces glabrous or with a few glandular or eglandular trichomes to 1 mm long on the lamina; abaxial surfaces with the lamina glabrous or densely glandular-pubescent along the veins, the lamina densely papillate; principal veins 6-8 pairs, often forking distinctly before the margin, drying yellowish green, glabrous or densely pubescent with eglandular or glandular simple uniseriate trichomes; base attenuate onto the petiole and then onto the stem; margins entire or with a few large teeth (both can occur on the same stems), the teeth 1.1-2 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, broadly deltate with acute apices, the sinuses rounded, reaching ca. 1.3 of the way to the midrib; apex acute; petioles winged from the leaf base, 0.5-6 cm long. Inflorescences internodal, usually forked, but occasionally unbranched, (4)8-20 cm long, with 10-40 flowers borne along the branches, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with eglandular and glandular simple uniseriate trichomes like the stems; peduncle 2.5-10 cm long; pedicels 0.9-1.1 cm long, 0.5-0.75 mm in diameter at the base, 1.2-1.5 mm in diameter at the apex, fleshy and tapering, spreading at anthesis, glabrous or sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent with glandular simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves, articulated at the base leaving a distinct cup ca. 0.5 mm deep; pedicel scars ca. 2.5 mm apart. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla included within the calyx lobes until just before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 1.5-2 mm long, conical; the lobes 2.5-4.5 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, long triangular and slightly narrower near the lobe base, often somewhat unequal in size, glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes to 1 mm long like the rest of the plant. Corolla 1.6-1.8(2) cm in diameter, white, rotate to shallowly stellate, lobed ca. 1/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 2.5-3 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, broadly deltate, reflexed to spreading at anthesis, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely papillate and with a few longer simple uniseriate trichomes to 0.4 mm long. Stamens equal; filament tube to 0.5 mm long; free portion of the filaments 0.75-1.1 mm long, densely pubescent adaxially with tangled transparent simple uniseriate trichomes; anthers 3-4 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 6-7 mm long, straight, exserted beyond the anther cone, densely papillate-pubescent in the lower half to 2/3; stigma capitate or bi-lobed and slightly heart-shaped, bright green in live plants, the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter, green when immature, becoming greenish orange when ripe, the pericarp thin, shiny, translucent when ripe, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.2-1.5 cm long, 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter at the base, 1-1.1 mm in diameter at the apex, fleshy, strongly deflexed and secund with a kink at the base, not persistent; fruiting calyx somewhat accrescent, the tube to 3 mm long, the lobes to ca. 6 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, appressed to and enclosing the berry like a cage. Seeds more than 100 per berry, ca. 0.75 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide, not markedly flattened, teardrop shaped, pale yellow or creamy tan, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells more or less rectangular in outline. Stone cells 2 at the apex of the berry, ca. 1 mm in diameter, cream-coloured, larger than the seeds but barely distinguishable in herbarium specimens. Chromosome number: not known.</paragraph>
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<caption id="B6A458E95DC5621B1A8B69CE16EEE620" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897494" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 33" startId="F33">
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<paragraph id="3FBA1BDC4A4DE316AB7B1AEB0E3DFA9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="3E2616A8B29A32987E662D3B2F113B3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 33.</emphasis>
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|
<taxonomicName id="3ADD292E179A9BA9C555E7BFEE3D0EBB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
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<emphasis id="88D77C67C7050A83690676020B6A9686" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
<emphasis id="EF9DE730F4A0599B3DC48002247E5588" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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|
habit
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<emphasis id="C84B6E3753C28E44E62F2B028B4D7E49" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
inflorescence with buds and flowers
|
|
<emphasis id="2A2ACC667BE1147CFBB6592880607531" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
infructescence with developing fruits
|
|
<emphasis id="3D092F1FE3D0378A9FD72397914D004F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
mature fruits (
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|
<emphasis id="7398002B38405D3FFE47EE4422CDD222" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C, D</emphasis>
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|
<emphasis id="D5754FC482BF05DF060AB974C986AFB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 3530</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="0EF51309E54B358C02F0DDD597152AF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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|
<emphasis id="613FE647D7A4FE1D01B009DCB124F431" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 3541</emphasis>
|
|
). Photos by S. Knapp.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="86ABA3088ECE1A793620BB5DB79E6408" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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|
<paragraph id="805A81E31A66CEDB50391C9256430548" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0B88B071CEB98BA3C9EA1FFEDD2C948E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="2E0F3BF0C5C42293BCF1F2DDE2FE2189" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="E315F15D9C85B89EBD36621EC2E9BC47" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Distribution map of Solanum caesium." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897495" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
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|
).
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|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="62485CFEF300B5D0208EBD10B41F92D8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
|
|
<emphasis id="71E05C33154E00A6895C9A093FAA5EF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is known from the eastern slopes of the Andes in Bolivia (Depts. Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz, Tarija) and Argentina (Provs. Jujuy, Salta).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="D6F9A8EE5E2223628591A960B4EC1A29" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897495" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
|
|
<paragraph id="6D2FBF3842BD405BFA5BDC231933A50A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="BE78020B94F28F05F3A499BEFAEED69E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 34.</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution map of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="94090AACD390FC65605CBB3E2D3ADC00" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
|
|
<emphasis id="C43DE3AB2BECCBC10DC3231D32FC16D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E71E1AED15A113549942EEDC91BFE78B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="E028A4D0A426212061C3A83D3B804137" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C6BD5FC52CF4036C43EB56A86F345BB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44CF035BE0E0CEBF4C8424A88687A178" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
|
|
<emphasis id="206B6D342E00261CC41CF2815F843194" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
grows in wet forests and semi-deciduous forests, often in disturbed areas such as landslides, along roads and streams; from 400 to 2,100 m elevation.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="7611E24ECAFE64028B8DFEC87803DD3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
|
<paragraph id="E0D2AC14606E728D0F06835FAE15F405" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5200A1C3B619569FBF4E4FB0E31B93FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Bolivia. Tarija: flor de oro (
|
|
<emphasis id="D65067280E4A6B97264BC5BE3CCDFEFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coro-Rojas 1440</emphasis>
|
|
). No uses recorded.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="36397A3F4B01333FB002013D180AB6FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
|
<paragraph id="269E078A1D5F5EE111F6D24556957A01" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CD20A1A0F8F7AD865928727FAFDB99A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="49743B5F0CFCEBF9CBBEB7173B34E31D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="064C9C3C18719568B08D9E42F17862C7" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
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|
Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 117,146 km2 [LC]; AOO = 184 km2 [EN].
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7E082FEB3D6CB1A996C6AFCD35C5763D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
|
|
<emphasis id="8DB6268FA9C0CDD55BF27B3512EAEC23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widespread and common across its range and is a plant of disturbed areas. It occurs in protected areas in both Bolivia (Parque Nacional Serrania Aguarague) and Argentina (Parque Nacional Calilegua).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="52CA646E903C9ADFB9BA25D4BAF7BC8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="F182945EE516E599B657B2BFF0BE6E16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CD4C0FD8B88B85B6A7CD5289F9B1007C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C5CB03F760CB633593F2D3C358EA9B47" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
|
|
<emphasis id="F24729323D98F3CE862130F734A6F6F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is distinctive and not easily confused with any other morelloid in South America. The fleshy, almost succulent leaves that are usually glabrous, lax forked inflorescences with spaced flowers and reflexed pedicels that develop a distinct kink at the base in fruit, long-triangular calyx lobes that enclose the yellowish orange berry like a cage and the rotate corolla are all found in combination only in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AD08BD965A5A7F2829D6FDD2838663CE" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caesium">
|
|
<emphasis id="3AFE00187BBF419463B4B7AECDDCE1C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caesium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The fleshy leaves are similar to those of some populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3D47BE5F3175548DB0F7322DA56BF38B" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pentlandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pentlandii">
|
|
<emphasis id="65F255855E09EC9DFE64BDE9D27B7ADD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pentlandii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but that is a species of high elevations in Peru and Bolivia and has much smaller stellate flowers that are usually violet. It has been suggested (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="64A5841EFDF9BAA64F8578FB3955A747" author="Del Vitto, LA" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="319 - 326" refId="B65" refString="Del Vitto, LA, Petenatti, FM, 1999. Notas en Solanum (Solanaceae) de Argentina II. Aportes al conocimiento de la Sect. Episarcophyllum. Kurtziana 27: 319 - 326" title="Notas en Solanum (Solanaceae) de Argentina II. Aportes al conocimiento de la Sect. Episarcophyllum." volume="27" year="1999">Del Vitto and Petenatti 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ECC7269BFDF8AE10B16555D6BDF82EFA" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caesium">
|
|
<emphasis id="26DE982873F2821AD9F6B397B1626956" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caesium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is related to the members of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D3B5CCA6028E2FAF42C0FE600112AD6A" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Episarcophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Episarcophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="37CEA292099963CB3A389993C3A74DFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Episarcophyllum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
clade; molecular sequence data (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CE0A54F51BA082049D507FF23793C81C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="580 - 601" refId="B92" refString="Gagnon, E, Hilgenhof, R, Orejuela, A, McDonnell, A, Sablok, G, Aubriot, X, Giacomin, LL, Gouvea, Y, Bohs, L, Dodsworth, S, Martine, C, Poczai, P, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2022. Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum. American Journal of Botany 109 (4): 580 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" title="Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" volume="109" year="2022">Gagnon et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) show this is not the case, but that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="97B67BDF0ED72841F335D4FA73FE7ABE" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caesium">
|
|
<emphasis id="12DF4D2351CF70451AAAF19B303225C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caesium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a species of somewhat uncertain affinities.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7BB7E2525E42EF332B7061507E01EAE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5516A059CF62C96ABC6D84BD60E372F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
|
|
<emphasis id="2770CFE6CA9200D098144B7761778E4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can form large plants and populations along open areas on roadsides and landslips. Plants throughout most of the species range are glabrous, except for populations from Santa Cruz (Bolivia) between Bermejo and Angostura where all plants seen have glandular pubescence (e.g.,
|
|
<emphasis id="CA14550AF8E24F95A79A8EF6D5A14139" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood 8652</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="82D8EE5F391024D140E4F8185C2E24EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nee 35614</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="83022187E76464A2CEC9E56E3B61385B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cardenas 4636</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="854BE69BB0F22D991C1F6B3B3743B1FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nee 35134</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="FEB27D9F9837AA9673EB40579296691E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood 22538</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |