213 lines
19 KiB
XML
213 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.509.8897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce2f4ab9-1ee1-43ff-9f75-952ff0bee647" ID-PMC="PMC4493342" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-509-13" ID-PubMed="26175602" ID-ZBK="6DD8D4EB478844E2B34C995D87F2A0DE" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-509-13" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 509" ModsDocTitle="Systematics of the Madagascar Anelosimus spiders: remarkable local richness and endemism, and dual colonization from the Americas" checkinTime="1451244237153" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Agnarsson, Ingi, Jencik, Brian B., Veve, Giselle M., Hanitriniaina, Sahondra, Agostini, Diego, Goh, Seok Ping, Pruitt, Jonathan & Kuntner, Matjaz" docDate="2015" docId="C230AFB9C2AE531DE0A269C3F4697743" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 509: 13-52" docOrigin="ZooKeys 509" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.509.8897" docTitle="Anelosimus may Agnarsson, 2005 in Agnarsson and Kuntner 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="CF43D14EFFC46147FFB7FF82FFC12F62" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the Madagascar Anelosimus spiders: remarkable local richness and endemism, and dual colonization from the Americas" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1668160423771" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematics of the Madagascar Anelosimus spiders: remarkable local richness and endemism, and dual colonization from the Americas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Agnarsson, Ingi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jencik, Brian B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Veve, Giselle M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hanitriniaina, Sahondra</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Agostini, Diego</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Goh, Seok Ping</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pruitt, Jonathan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kuntner, Matjaz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>509</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>13</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.509.8897</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.509.8897</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-509-13</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">6DD8D4EB478844E2B34C995D87F2A0DE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6DD8D4EB478844E2B34C995D87F2A0DE</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152060437" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C230AFB9C2AE531DE0A269C3F4697743" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C230AFB9C2AE531DE0A269C3F4697743" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="18" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Theridiidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName authority="Agnarsson, 2005 in Agnarsson and Kuntner (2005)" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus may" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="may">Anelosimus may Agnarsson, 2005 in Agnarsson and Kuntner (2005)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="18" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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The species is here redescribed to clarify earlier taxonomic confusion; the female previously described (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Agnarsson, I" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" pagination="575 - 592" title="Madagascar: an unexpected hotspot of social Anelosimus spider diversity (Araneae: Theridiidae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00289.x" volume="30" year="2005">Agnarsson and Kuntner 2005</bibRefCitation>
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), was in fact not conspecific with the male holotype, and is below described as
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus ata" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ata">Anelosimus ata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Here we therefore redescribe the female of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus may" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="may">Anelosimus may</taxonomicName>
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based on specimens collected at the type locality of the male. An additional male specimen also allowed a more detailed documentation of the male palp (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
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Holotype male from Ambohitantely Special Reserve, Analamanga region, Ankazobe district, Madagascar, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-18.161">18.161°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="47.302">47.302°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 17-22.iv.2001, mon
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="19" start="start">tane</pageBreakToken>
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forest, 1500 m alt, col. J. J. Rafanomezantsoa et al., in CAS, examined (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Agnarsson, I" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" pagination="575 - 592" title="Madagascar: an unexpected hotspot of social Anelosimus spider diversity (Araneae: Theridiidae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00289.x" volume="30" year="2005">Agnarsson and Kuntner 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="19" type="other material">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="19">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="19">
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Additional three females from same locality, 28.iv.2008, col. Agnarsson and Kuntner, a male and multiple females from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Périnet">Perinet</normalizedToken>
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Special Reserve, Andasibe Mantadia National Park, Madagascar (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-18.933">18.933°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="48.417">48.417°E</geoCoordinate>
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), montane forest, 900-1000 m alt, 3-20.iv.2008 and 12-28.xi.2008, col. Agnarsson, Kuntner, and Hanitriniaina and eight females from Ranamofana National Park (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-21.25">21.25°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="47.43">47.43°E</geoCoordinate>
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), montane rainforest, 980-1050 m alt, 27.iv.-2.v.2013, col. Pruitt.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">
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Males are diagnosed from other species by the shape of the theridiid tegular apophysis, bifurcated with the lower branch longer than the upper (Fig. 2G) and the voluminous Eb (Fig. 2E). Females differ from others of the Madagascar group, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus ata" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ata">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="20" start="start">Anelosimus</pageBreakToken>
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ata
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the anchor-shaped septum (Fig. 2H) and from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus ata" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ata">Anelosimus ata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the more acute curving of the copulatory duct (Fig. 2I).
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus may" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="may">Anelosimus may</taxonomicName>
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can be diagnosed from other Madagascan
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anelosimus</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of the following unique mtDNA nucleotide substitutions at the following standard DNA barcode alignment positions: A (31), A (223), A (274), G (517), G (529). It can also be readily diagnosed from most other
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anelosimus</taxonomicName>
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based the following partially shared nucleotide substitutions, and all other species by their unique combination: T (58, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus huxleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huxleyi">Anelosimus huxleyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.), G (100, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus hookeri" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hookeri">Anelosimus hookeri</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., and some
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus darwini" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">Anelosimus darwini</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.), T (181, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus ata" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ata">Anelosimus ata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.), G (244, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus darwini" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">Anelosimus darwini</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.), T (352, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus sallee" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallee">Anelosimus sallee</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus darwini" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">Anelosimus darwini</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.), T (355, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus ata" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ata">Anelosimus ata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.), T (484, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus torfi" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torfi">Anelosimus torfi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus nazariani" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazariani">Anelosimus nazariani</taxonomicName>
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), T (781, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus huxleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huxleyi">Anelosimus huxleyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus salut" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salut">Anelosimus salut</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.), G (805, except rarely
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus nazariani" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazariani">Anelosimus nazariani</taxonomicName>
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), A (871, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus nazariani" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazariani">Anelosimus nazariani</taxonomicName>
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), G (973, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus sallee" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallee">Anelosimus sallee</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Female: Total length 6.02 Cephalothorax 2.77 long, 1.94 wide, 1.58 high, brown. Sternum 1.49 long, 1.23 wide, extending half way between coxae IV, brown. Abdomen 3.85 long, 2.74 wide, 2.8 high. Brown base with white line and dot patterns with red near the spinnerets. Eyes subequal in size about 0.14 in diameter. Clypeus height about 2.9 times one AME diameter. Chelicerae with one large tooth, three denticles prolaterally. Leg I femur 3.4, patella 1.06, tibia 3.22, metatarsus 2.92, tarsus 1.18. Leg formula 2314, with leg 4 slightly longer than leg 1. Legs 1 and 2 brown, legs 3 and 4 light brown-yellow with dark brown at junctions between tibia and metatarsus, and metatarsus and tarsus. 4 small trichobothria dorsally on tibia I, 4 on tibia II. Trichobothria on all metatarsi (1-2), 4-5 dorsal trichobothria on female palpal tibia.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Variation: Total length 5.70-6.20, Cephalothorax 2.60-2.80, femur 1 3.00-3.50.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="20">
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Male (from Ranamofana, see
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<bibRefCitation author="Agnarsson, I" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" pagination="575 - 592" title="Madagascar: an unexpected hotspot of social Anelosimus spider diversity (Araneae: Theridiidae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00289.x" volume="30" year="2005">Agnarsson and Kuntner (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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for description of holotype male): Total length 4.01. Cephalothorax 2.05 long, 1.61 wide, 0.91 high, dark brown. Abdomen 2.21 long, 1.54 wide, 1.41 high. Light brown base with black/brown spots, two jagged white longitudinal stripes and a central red longitudinal band. Eyes subequal in size about 0.13 in diameter. Leg I femur 3.15, patella 0.76, tibia 2.98, metatarsus 2.65, tarsus 1.05. Leg formula 1243. Leg yellow, with alternating light and dark reddish shaded bands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Variation: Total length 3.25-4.01, Cephalothorax 1.63-2.05, femur I 2.67-3.15.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="20">
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Eastern Madagascan montane forest. This is the most widespread species of the Madagascar group, documented from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Périnet">Perinet</normalizedToken>
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, Ambohitantely and Ranamofana, and can be expected to be found in additional montane forest reserves in eastern Madagascar.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="20" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="20">
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In Ranamofana, eight complete
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus may" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="may">Anelosimus may</taxonomicName>
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colonies along trails in the forest interior were found. We found two colonies containing one adult female and her egg case and eight colonies containing a female with a group of small juveniles, likely instars
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
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post egg sac. Females actively guarded their egg cases by seizing them in their chelicerae. We also noted one instance of a female feeding her young via regurgitation. Our observations indicate that
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus may" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="may">Anelosimus may</taxonomicName>
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primarily exhibits subsocial behavior, as do other members of the Madagascar group. An unidentified salticid inhabited six of the eight colonies sampled.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |