359 lines
29 KiB
XML
359 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297102" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38aee501-3c26-4686-9c32-a0991b651db7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905099958" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="C1A875BE3781C31C55A6B584DFB2CE0B" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Artiodactyla.637-722.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Rangifer tarandus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" lastPageNumber="660" masterDocId="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" masterDocTitle="Order Artiodactyla" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="660" updateTime="1716783024384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7584B5FC383968AE8AFC03760FB34172">Order Artiodactyla</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3CED1FECF045144565001439A1BDE5BC">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A685EF767051261C8CEA3E41E0F79831">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="9FBD384DEE8942B364F9DC5ACE745044">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="5FC20EC054A0818D36B541C8032D8DA5">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6970F9BA4472269027E7C34D8DA483DC">
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<mods:title id="9E694EC254407C155A9F490307E84429">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:start id="CC42ABC2925DDD2AB9F63F2385719B66">637</mods:start>
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<treatment id="C1A875BE3781C31C55A6B584DFB2CE0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11337110" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11337110" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C1A875BE3781C31C55A6B584DFB2CE0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1A875BE3781C31C55A6B584DFB2CE0B" lastPageNumber="660" pageNumber="660" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200328">
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<subSubSection id="F999F39681802ABAEEE112C2B9D6EA0B" pageNumber="660" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F0573C9649DB56F29274B7802B71C6BD" pageNumber="660">
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<taxonomicName id="C6BF873770C9CB95BE38E7DA9683F96C" ID-CoL="4RF6J" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus">
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<emphasis id="B33ACCE512E148FE29E181AC46060D30" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="45DE1043F5C5A51B2277ADA61672FF47" pageNumber="660" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A75535607696E720377EE66FF3F55F4D" pageNumber="660">
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<treatmentCitation id="B0B31A02BB7B2789EBF1A2E16192EA68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3914445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3914445" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ACE38BD8-8520-40FE-AD3C-178CD4C2ADB5" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90689C01934A459850BC5EAF5E04FE2C" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" page="67" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus" title="Cervus tarandus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName id="F1935846D5478D0766FB4E07C00B59EC" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus">
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<emphasis id="FBB0AEED7793CD4B1726C4B8840F7EB4" italics="true" pageNumber="660">[Cervus] tarandus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A23295F5BC9E0D3BB0410B728FFDEB88" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="74D3FC158450114BFE318A6B105ED355" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="660" pagination="67" title="Cervus tarandus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 67</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8D049280BF09A7D2EB9B9A8307D5A0C0" pageNumber="660" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DC66B0D36DA9C73E337065AD79A9CCC0" pageNumber="660">
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<emphasis id="7D1E1574C8E33A476BCF52DD83893DA7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Type Locality:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="616AFCFA2BA9EE20B77A925659FEDA77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867329660" country="Sweden" pageNumber="660">
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"Habitat in Alpibus Europae et Asiae maxime septentrionalibus"; identified as
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<collectingCountry id="A17BC6C2E466173E3F9BA1DE8DE1D912" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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, Alpine Lapland by
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<bibRefCitation id="00ED9DA560DC7EB98ACAF3FAA8CB763C" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref353417" refString="Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158." year="1911">
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Thomas (1911
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<emphasis id="BFBB332AEB9DD07CF4C5089B698F098E" italics="true" pageNumber="660">a</emphasis>
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:151)
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</bibRefCitation>
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; based on domesticated stock
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="169428F24D8D8F065DC7C03ED3DB9CEB" pageNumber="660" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="F23D250B8B79BEF5131068EEF2402476" pageNumber="660">
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<emphasis id="0EB1F0276BA450BA3E48293475C28FC9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="A83ED0DF7AB0F90BF6696FC1323AE270" language="eng" pageNumber="660">Reindeer</vernacularName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CDC046BD94D265BAD39A804CA1087EAB" pageNumber="660" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="4F76B7180C8AAA182CBE2F44ADDA3411" pageNumber="660">
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<emphasis id="75D229AD677E4BDB4D419EEF6E37D0A6" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Subspecies:</emphasis>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03D1460C5C5BBEC38DCFD7B1FAD96C4D" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="0ED7CA4222EE3A4C02B629FDE3388745" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="tarandus">
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<emphasis id="ECDBB728895E8B52804D74414107609A" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="571B46C0DD9CDC2815757E287687108C" italics="true" pageNumber="660">tarandus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9E6EB27907999B3C8CFCCA2EF4A813FF" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD66DB14E87BFC1E01781255AB35206C" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="B9B83B94BEA6F321BC9BFCA35E568F49" authority="Millais 1915" authorityName="Millais" authorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="buskensis">
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<emphasis id="2E7879CE6CEEFD15184A47D8193CC104" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="DA93B7E4B763375F160E4EFB568321F8" italics="true" pageNumber="660">buskensis</emphasis>
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Millais 1915
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E782BB9C8D1054B9D194DCFA425FA90" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="0DE201412F04231D91908AB2B21B4B6A" authority="G. M. Allen 1914" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="caboti">
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<emphasis id="BDA5D097068BF3A77ECB241CC57F93A8" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="E187A81432214094B50286CCFF9C743A" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caboti</emphasis>
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G. M. Allen 1914
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B0D109899C24A9A1EE84738132CCD810" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="CC1E435BE39B78411DA6E7A426173227" authority="Gmelin 1788" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1788" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="caribou">
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<emphasis id="D3585AEF397B11131ADE22C5BE2097E1" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="891FC0EF20E9A16B18C82511CAED4656" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caribou</emphasis>
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Gmelin 1788
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E166DB49D2647A1F63A1D41CCCDA6BF3" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="7D1A827352A1D545BC076F47DC357A2C" authority="Thompson-Seton 1900" authorityName="Thompson-Seton" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="dawsoni">
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<emphasis id="13789409A5A17E292F00BFBC35823CA9" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="5DF04BDDC77B0852C3057D1BE0384ED7" italics="true" pageNumber="660">dawsoni</emphasis>
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Thompson-Seton 1900
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7424F95841CCD4E4C95CA0A595D14809" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="9E0ADF28DFE835EBEC0EEFC3D24B6F12" authority="Lönnberg 1909" authorityName="Lönnberg" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="fennicus">
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<emphasis id="792B1DCEC919C875F889A8A571D7242C" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="C08D303FCE220BB76C43ACE145E858B1" italics="true" pageNumber="660">fennicus</emphasis>
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Lönnberg 1909
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="38C28722F50335A72B98B082AD487B03" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="02D3783EBA3648C3D274F5196EF538BC" authority="Borowski 1780" authorityName="Borowski" authorityYear="1780" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="groenlandicus">
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<emphasis id="D42DC8C69ADD45397024196A2FE87C6A" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="FB1A4E96CE97324AA0A040C91A165512" italics="true" pageNumber="660">groenlandicus</emphasis>
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Borowski 1780
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F0954983B2404B3596231483C6274393" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="81E796F59E6AB726D9CF7E5EDD4A9FC8" authority="J. A. Allen 1902" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="osborni">
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<emphasis id="5722D8FD1E6879692B3D45C28ED1ACC9" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="87DDB8ABF9E4A02E9D7F847174896243" italics="true" pageNumber="660">osborni</emphasis>
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J. A.
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<bibRefCitation id="D629BE6C5311EC7759E33F427010526A" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5572" refString="Allen, J. A. 1902. Mammal names proposed by Oken in his " Lehrbuch der Zoologie ". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 16: 373 - 379." year="1902">Allen 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1561FA35BB6951E736A5F6EA86F0587E" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="AE23EC753A08B15CE9CA644AA9218A9D" authority="Lydekker 1903" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="pearsoni">
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<emphasis id="B6E307F4705506A4DE754FBF04C8D8B6" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="08D146BE5743E93BF040007E71B94781" italics="true" pageNumber="660">pearsoni</emphasis>
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Lydekker 1903
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="712A98384738331F5F93487832FD45BE" pageNumber="660">
|
||
Subspecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="DB2FD68CB91A5A2768CF5FDEC3EE07F1" authority="J. A. Allen 1902" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="pearyi">
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<emphasis id="5AD3C386CC049D2C01124B56DCDBB73C" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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||
<emphasis id="703809AC1C06883155E9A560E6D0E5D1" italics="true" pageNumber="660">pearyi</emphasis>
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||
J. A.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="2848E303CB865AF5214B7F2CDEBAA682" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5572" refString="Allen, J. A. 1902. Mammal names proposed by Oken in his " Lehrbuch der Zoologie ". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 16: 373 - 379." year="1902">Allen 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="0708353D335BE9C1EC21BA781CC25E94" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="E94F7D1BE57C1A304016EF235873BCEB" authority="Hollister 1912" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="phylarchus">
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||
<emphasis id="1E3429D40A3B72E51174CEE6BDB63F9C" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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||
<emphasis id="DA2B1A199C717AF95BE0231E3EAB1DE4" italics="true" pageNumber="660">phylarchus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="64DAFFA73FD4BD202052718DBF6D0866" author="Hollister, N." refId="ref156830" refString="Hollister, N. 1912. The names of the Rocky Mountain goat. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 25: 185 - 186." year="1912">Hollister 1912</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="CCF9C0106F95ABAC853785C56111C4A9" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="5D989CE31FF7B91066424D5C99D6762F" authority="Vrolik 1829" authorityName="Vrolik" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="platyrhynchus">
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<emphasis id="2272422F18C4BF49FA8390C9B960AAEC" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="972F449D55A283D74199EE21FFDFAAE8" italics="true" pageNumber="660">platyrhynchus</emphasis>
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Vrolik 1829
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B6B04C01A1E55835475C7ED66B5B0425" pageNumber="660">
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Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BF6FF9765D756E8090A532B08CA6C73" authority="Murray 1866" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="sibiricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="327DF301EB18BC661A2691D666044AAB" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="E7C512EB90718FAB9B4770FF7BBA7266" italics="true" pageNumber="660">sibiricus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="172CC74DD302374927391EF71158045E" author="Murray, A." refId="ref250505" refString="Murray, A. 1866. The geographical distribution of mammals. Day and Son, Ltd., London, 420 pp." year="1866">Murray 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9169555083A3ABA149B0F6C7C2F0C4C7" pageNumber="660">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B083F46687CE06CC4A965A707FD8867E" authority="Bangs 1896" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="terraenovae">
|
||
<emphasis id="371434B963F8ACD768B154F37FABB461" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8FBB1FD1D53C1293593EB422641C91D" italics="true" pageNumber="660">terraenovae</emphasis>
|
||
Bangs 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="30BD829577A2B79F85D8E966A1451003" pageNumber="660" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="938C3553CCB45163919A402ACCA0BFD9" pageNumber="660">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C1B01B3B81366BD4156A3979304C233" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Circumboreal in tundra and taiga from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2E008EADC67F1EDC2D6E6D5143D6559F" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="97FB5401D5A517B5BAC993BC69EEB60E" name="Norway">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0DCD85E814A0244D3BD881815653E775" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="347A016733C0E58BD8A97F02250968C8" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7C37E1AF14C935D80E7EA80ABF575DC9" country="United States of America" name="Alaska">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F263BFC18B24981F0B0B381028A269EA" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DC3ACEE62C4F5A2AC7C348E82DA934BA" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
including most arctic islands, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="454D34A12F6822DF132691F2594C0B6A" name="Greenland">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south to N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="447B0873CAD7B31CD59F32D939F8F8C1" name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1753E3363615EB2B20CDD4C1F705481F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D94272AE458514EA3EB9D5FA0B42D336" country="China" name="Nei Mongol">Inner Mongolia</collectingRegion>
|
||
; now only domesticated or feral?), Sakhalin Isl, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CD13851299B4F8F8AC792623571CA608" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(N
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4FE20EBE095BF36CE7204834B94AAC89" country="United States of America" name="Idaho">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Great Lakes region). Introduced to, and feral in,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B630D22352E05326D53CDE57D8D1EA02" name="Iceland">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Kerguelen Isls,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="59D6EE45B3203EF2E0430D62A811E463" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Isl, Pribilof Isls, St. Matthew Isl. Extinct in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="455D8EB312E552FEE6E4F8D7C20252B5" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3203353EA93AA111BA487D33173A2CDA" pageNumber="660" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C716329D95620C1A0F3F83BD134AC19" pageNumber="660">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2DD9595E09D35570FB4B3F53B23B216" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="21B0BCE314D9F6F0F540D03B914A1B6D" name="United States of America">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectionCode id="80D95D04964D18D5E46CFDE73791BE32" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
|
||
– Endangered as
|
||
<emphasis id="86EC8322C9A9E3BA4B9E5F5B3123E883" italics="true" pageNumber="660">
|
||
<collectionCode id="70592D7EA5CA3250C7E522EA263329DF" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. t. caribou
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3AF2287E3CDCDCD20C05AC27BFE25929" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="697A9B802E54C89AAC04958F1242475C">SE</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="112612C6B1C56B2146D4E0BE318EC6CC" country="Canada" name="British Columbia">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
at the Canadian-USA border, Columbia River, Kootenay River, Kootenay Lake, and Kootenai River) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBE03D852A453E73D155DFE270F28972" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="96E96FD1C91B2DAE8AD9A254AA9D22AD" country="United States of America" name="Idaho">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C957FA6DFEC46ED111D69D1024AE7551" country="United States of America" name="Washington">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="D3525E17335C5645C00F513C0FF3CAAD">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
– Endangered as
|
||
<emphasis id="A2BEB6B12B78F36A9609E0A53427F352" italics="true" pageNumber="660">
|
||
<collectionCode id="D68889844598903730F339EE696B64D6" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. t. pearyi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). The woodland
|
||
<emphasis id="6F48AA9584F4A0F9158BB290573C0C32" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caribou</emphasis>
|
||
is highly endangered throughout its distribution right into Ontario (
|
||
<collectionCode id="19E1B31528773EF586991B03613CC4EB" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
. Geist, in litt.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="568A1382CF17E13BB548D04DBC596002" pageNumber="660" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3DABFAFBFD2A55EC05D2E07F2C456085" pageNumber="660">
|
||
<emphasis id="E353D41EECA3B1BD9F024EBF83496DFC" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
Subspecies have been placed in two divisions, compressicornis or Woodland Reindeer, and cylindricornis or Tundra Reindeer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C8EB3571F7C85C262ED3D0BFBC2AFDD" author="Jacobi, A." refId="ref170634" refString="Jacobi, A. 1931. Das Rentier; eine zoologische Monographie der Gattung Rangifer. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Erganzungsband zu Band 96, 264 pp." year="1931">Jacobi, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These names of divisions are non-Linnean;
|
||
<emphasis id="D6D768F518904F0D3E89AA7E62C65575" italics="true" pageNumber="660">cilindricornis</emphasis>
|
||
Camerano, 1902 is a lapsus for cylindricornis and is not a Linnean name. An additional category has since been recognised for the Peary Caribou, due to marginal or seasonal sympatry between caribou in Arctic America, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A2C34D08ACFAF2B44F4EB5BFEFD6A61" author="Banfield, A. W. F." refId="ref19636" refString="Banfield, A. W. F. 1963. The post glacial dispersal of American caribou. Proceedings of the 16 th International Congress of Zoology, Washington D. C., 1: 206." year="1963">Banfield (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Subspecies here considered valid are based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5B1C0809F0C6A7948B959EE73F3B336" author="Banfield, A. W. F." refId="ref19606" refString="Banfield, A. W. F. 1961. A revision of the reindeer and caribou. National Museum of Canada Bulletin, 177: 1 - 137." year="1961">Banfield (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, considerably modified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9CE5B56D0138B977816469D9C5BDA684" author="Geist, V." refId="ref116300" refString="Geist, V. 1998. Deer of the world. Their evolution, behavior and ecology. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, Pensylvania, 421 pp." year="1998">Geist (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="0D0159C13EBD29BEE31CF13CD5D521F8" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caribou</emphasis>
|
||
division or Woodland Caribou (includes also
|
||
<emphasis id="1F92EAE106DC41E4707361775D8FA7DD" italics="true" pageNumber="660">buskensis, valentinae, dawsoni, fennicus</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="14C0093DA672AA4FFC9812C627A702ED" italics="true" pageNumber="660">phylarchus</emphasis>
|
||
); populations transitional between
|
||
<emphasis id="2456C0696E472B19C323D6F60866F926" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caribou</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB75582CB3D774677E314D4F8B349C4D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5033D8E2289D6DC7DF63D7312F4ED53C" italics="true" pageNumber="660">tarandus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
divisions (includes
|
||
<emphasis id="CE4AF80831791DA35AABF77473D4D535" italics="true" pageNumber="660">osborni</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5108D08CEF48C67F4F73D7B5865BF89" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus">
|
||
<emphasis id="326B66DB3CA54458D02049E38608BAB0" italics="true" pageNumber="660">tarandus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
division, Barren-ground Caribou or Reindeer (includes also
|
||
<emphasis id="FE73977BCF5B7003E3D0C2CB451D63BD" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caboti, groenlandicus, pearsoni, sibiricus</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA19CFD8DA1DD320EFCED47FC209456" italics="true" pageNumber="660">terraenovae</emphasis>
|
||
); and
|
||
<emphasis id="28390C299DD1F494CFBD97ED4B5441DA" italics="true" pageNumber="660">platyrhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
division (including
|
||
<emphasis id="A4B4270A8EE3E9421E8A4FF612FDC322" italics="true" pageNumber="660">pearyi</emphasis>
|
||
or Peary Caribou and
|
||
<emphasis id="C421C887605529F5283D08BCCA9A4104" italics="true" pageNumber="660">platyrhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8D492F5E28FE24107C1CE66C0006034" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
|
||
Reindeer). The extinct insular
|
||
<emphasis id="6B6F406684E6A484AF997C904DCFA46D" italics="true" pageNumber="660">dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
has been treated as a distinct species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3878A8BA6664D5AA4FA9575BFF19E544" author="Cowan, I. McT. & C. J. Guiguet" refId="ref70157" refString="Cowan, I. McT., and C. J. Guiguet. 1965. The mammals of British Columbia. Third Ed. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Handbook, 11: 1 - 414." year="1965">Cowan and Guiguet, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but does not differ from
|
||
<emphasis id="33D53363FB7190812579AB2B4E7E0856" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caribou</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5208CA029246343B5F81645089244190" baseAuthorityName="Brooke" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Nanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
|
||
<emphasis id="84899E47E39C92E07B19595449DE6747" italics="true" pageNumber="660">granti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<emphasis id="F06C4E2C462A91DCEE399C7E147FD52A" italics="true" pageNumber="660">groenlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
) in mtDNA sequences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FEAA551ABB5392E15B522452FBAAC4E3" author="Byun, S. A. & B. F. Koop & T. E. Reimchen" refId="ref48266" refString="Byun, S. A., B. F. Koop, and T. E. Reimchen. 2002. Evolution of the Dawson caribou (Rangifer tarandus dawsoni). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80: 956 - 960." year="2002">Byun et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Grouping the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0E71A9B35BCB204A0E9BCB3708F50A39" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
|
||
Reindeer with the Peary Caribou is provisional (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA8A472C8CD3C7E3F061C911CB5BA4CB" author="Groves, C. P. & P. Grubb" refId="ref133049" refString="Groves, C. P., and P. Grubb. 1987. Relationships of living deer. Pp. 2 l- 59, in Biology and management of the Cervidae (C. M. Wemmer, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 577 pp." year="1987">Groves and Grubb, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |