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<document id="FFB875F634D9945B4A01BB6C4581D0CD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5453.2.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11233966" ID-ZooBank="551587E7-6F04-4249-8D52-CF4D60AF845F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1716282832508" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Seow-Choen, Francis &amp; Ng, Peter K L" docDate="2024" docId="734555281A66FF94FF0CFCBFFB6CF9F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5453.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5453 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="252" masterDocId="8F7C2D501A64FF93FF9BFFE4FF8AFFA8" masterDocTitle="A new species of Copidosoma Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée), N. imperialis (Guenée) and N. prophetica (Dyar) Capps (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Colombia and Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="245" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1717164898474" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C24961E97A993D289D19554CD38B5850">A new species of Copidosoma Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée), N. imperialis (Guenée) and N. prophetica (Dyar) Capps (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Colombia and Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B99B076553C65CDF9B21E5AE5E43E38A">Seow-Choen, Francis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="56187F70D1F2E061985EA0F1DC1F7D98">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="B3F6B7B51A66FF91FF0CFCBFFCA2FCDE" box="[151,808,859,886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A66FF91FF0CFCBFFCA2FCDE" blockId="2.[151,808,859,886]" box="[151,808,859,886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<heading id="A01B53521A66FF91FF0CFCBFFCA2FCDE" bold="true" box="[151,808,859,886]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A66FF91FF0CFCBFFD31FCDE" authority="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,699,859,886]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FF0CFCBFFD31FCDE" bold="true" box="[151,699,859,886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FF0CFCBFFE76FCDE" bold="true" box="[151,508,859,886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Copidosoma takumasakondoi</emphasis>
Vargas &amp; Diaz
</emphasis>
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, 
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<subSubSection id="B3F6B7B51A66FF91FF0CFC44FB80FC11" box="[151,1034,928,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A66FF91FF0CFC44FB80FC11" blockId="2.[151,1034,928,953]" box="[151,1034,928,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A66FF91FF0CFC44FCD3FC11" authority="Santamaria, Ebratt &amp; Benavidez, 2007: 90" authorityName="Santamaria, Ebratt &amp; Benavidez" authorityPageNumber="90" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,857,928,953]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FF0CFC44FE28FC10" box="[151,418,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Copidosoma colombiensis</emphasis>
Santamaría, Ebratt &amp; Benavidez, 2007: 90
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FCF8FC45FB80FC11" bold="true" box="[867,1034,929,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Nomen nudum.</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="B3F6B7B51A66FF91FF0CFC02FF7BFA25" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FF0CFC02FE98FBA8" bold="true" box="[151,274,998,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Antenna dark brown, with funicular segments brownish yellow, clava dark brown, composed of three segments, with sensory plate restricted to a truncate apex. Prothoracic legs beige-yellow, mesothoracic legs dark, with beige joints and with apical half of tibia and tarsi yellow; metathoracic legs dark, except trochanter 2 and basal half of the femur which are beige in color. Exerted ovipositor 0.06–0.12 times the length of metasoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A66FF91FF5CFB93FF7BFA25" blockId="2.[151,1437,998,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FF5CFB93FC8FFB39" box="[199,773,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FF5CFB93FE39FB39" bold="true" box="[199,435,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Species comparison:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A66FF91FE22FB93FC8FFB39" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2024" box="[441,773,1143,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi">Copidosoma takumasakondoi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A66FF91FBB4FB93FB20FB39" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1940" box="[1071,1194,1143,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koehleri">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FBB4FB93FB20FB39" box="[1071,1194,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">C. koehleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A66FF91FB45FB93FAF0FB39" baseAuthorityName="Edde" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1246,1402,1143,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridanum">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FB45FB93FAF0FB39" box="[1246,1402,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">C. floridanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following features: 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A66FF91FE0FFB7FFDE0FB1D" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2024" box="[404,618,1179,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FE0FFB7FFDE0FB1D" box="[404,618,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">C. takumasakondoi</emphasis>
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has a three-segmented antennal club with truncate apex, exerted ovipositor 0.06–0.12 times metasoma length, leg color as in description and genitalia as in 
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A66FF91FBDEFB5BFB38FB71" box="[1093,1202,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[152,255,2017,2041]" captionTargetBox="[349,1239,1397,1993]" captionTargetId="figure-427@4.[349,1239,1397,1993]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female genitalia of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233978/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figures 4</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A66FF91FB74FB5AFB75FB71" box="[1263,1279,1214,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1186,1210]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,741,1163]" captionTargetId="figure-323@5.[151,1435,741,1163]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male genitalia of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233980/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">5</figureCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A66FF91FA94FB5BFF79FB55" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koehleri">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FA94FB5BFF79FB55" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Copidosoma koehleri</emphasis>
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has a three-segmented oval antennal club; fully exerted ovipositor 0.2x metasoma length; legs light brown, posterior coxa and basal half of trochanter dark brown, with a dark band at apex of femur and base of tibia (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A66FF91FACAFAE3FF2DFAED" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,1290,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-236@3.[249,1338,1290,1810]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Leg of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. a. Metathoracic leg, b. Detail of median spine and tarsus. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233970/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figure 2</figureCitation>
); with genitalia as in 
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A66FF91FE06FACFFE75FAED" box="[413,511,1323,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[152,255,2013,2037]" captionTargetBox="[316,1271,1270,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-344@5.[316,1271,1270,1989]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Copidosoma koehleri. a. Female genitalia, b. Male genitalia. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233982/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figure 6</figureCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A66FF91FD90FACFFC96FAED" baseAuthorityName="Edde" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[523,796,1323,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridanum">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FD90FACFFC96FAED" box="[523,796,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Copidosoma floridanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the above by having an obliquely truncated unsegmented antennal club, with sensory plate on apical 2/3rds; legs dark with brown articulations; ovipositor not exerted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FF5CFA72FE3DFA19" bold="true" box="[199,439,1430,1457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Description. Female</emphasis>
(measurements based on n = 10). Body length 
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(
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long), excluding ovipositor.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="C998382C1A66FF91FF5CFA3AFE85FA51" bold="true" box="[199,271,1502,1529]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Head:</emphasis>
Head 
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long; 
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wide, width approximately 0.86–1.1 times its length and 1.4–2.1 times its height; 
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tall (head length 
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, width 
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, height 
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). Width of frontovertex (FV) at anterior level of ocelli 
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, about 0.5–0.7 times the width of head (FV width 
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, head width 0.38). Distance between occipital margin and eye margin, measured at about median line of eye 
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, ca. 0.11–0.14x its length (distance between occipital margin and eye margin 0.03, eye width 0.23). Ocelli forming a 112-degree angle in relation to median ocellus. Shortest distance between posterior ocelli (POL) 
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; the shortest distance between posterior ocellus and adjacent eye margin (OOL) 
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; the shortest distance between each ocellus and nearest occipital margin (OCL) 
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(POL: 
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, OOL: 
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, OCL: 
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). Posterior ocellus slightly closer to occipital margin than to adjacent eye. Maximum diameter of each eye 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FF5DF8C7FEE6F895" box="[198,364,1827,1853]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.24" valueMax="0.27" valueMin="0.21">0.21–0.27 mm</quantity>
, 1.36–1.6x its minimum diameter (eyes 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FCA8F8C7FC12F895" box="[819,920,1827,1853]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FC7BF8C7FBCEF895" box="[992,1092,1827,1853]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17 mm</quantity>
wide). Distance between each antennal torulus 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FECBF8A3FE78F8C9" box="[336,498,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.07" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.08 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FD9BF8A3FDE2F8C9" box="[512,616,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
), which is 2.0–2.5x the distance between each antennal torulus and mouth margin and 0.7–1.0x the distance between each antennal torulus and eye margin; distance between antennal torulus and eye margin 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FED6F86BFE7BF801" box="[333,497,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.499999999999998" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.08499999999999999" valueMax="0.09" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.09 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FD9BF86BFDE1F801" box="[512,619,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
). Antenna: scape 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FCA9F86BFC42F801" box="[818,968,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.29" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.28">0.28–0.3 mm</quantity>
long, about 4.6–7.0x as long as wide; F1 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FF0CF857FEB1F865" box="[151,315,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.085" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.07">0.07–0.10 mm</quantity>
long, about 1.25–1.60x as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A66FF91FC94F857FCF4F865" box="[783,894,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1170,1194]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,558,1144]" captionTargetId="figure-203@3.[188,1399,558,1144]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antenna of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. a. Female antenna, b. Clava and sensorial plate, c. Male antenna. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233968/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Figure 1a</figureCitation>
). Clava 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FC44F856FB09F865" box="[991,1155,1970,1997]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.24" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.23">0.23–0.25 mm</quantity>
long, composed of three segments, sensory plate located at the apex of the antenna; width of sensory plate 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A66FF91FB85F832FB48F859" box="[1054,1218,2006,2033]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.045" valueMax="0.05" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.05 mm</quantity>
, 0.5–0.7x the width of clava (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A67FF90FE99FF73FEC5FF19" box="[258,335,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1170,1194]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,558,1144]" captionTargetId="figure-203@3.[188,1399,558,1144]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antenna of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. a. Female antenna, b. Clava and sensorial plate, c. Male antenna. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233968/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig 1b</figureCitation>
). Mouth 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FE22FF73FDD4FF19" box="[441,606,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.16" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.20 mm</quantity>
wide, malar space 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FCA1FF73FC54FF19" box="[826,990,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.13" valueMax="0.14" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.14 mm</quantity>
wide. Mouth slightly wider than malar space (mouth width 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FEE1FF5FFE6AFF7D" box="[378,480,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
, malar space 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FDECFF5FFD55FF7D" box="[631,735,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
). Mandible tridentate with inner tooth slightly shorter than rest of teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A67FF90FF5CFEE7FAF9FDB1" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FF5CFEE7FEC1FEB5" bold="true" box="[199,331,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
Length of mesosoma 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FDD8FEE6FD6DFEB5" box="[579,743,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.949999999999999" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.595" valueMax="0.63" valueMin="0.56">0.56–0.63 mm</quantity>
, approximately 1.33–1.46x its width (
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FB15FEE7FB7EFEB5" box="[1166,1268,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.63">0.63 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FAA2FEE7FA17FEB5" box="[1337,1437,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44 mm</quantity>
wide). Mesoscutum transverse, 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FD98FEC3FD23FEE9" box="[515,681,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.275" valueMax="0.29" valueMin="0.26">0.26–0.29 mm</quantity>
long, almost ⅔ its width. Scutellum length 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FB3CFEC3FAC5FEE9" box="[1191,1359,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.215" valueMax="0.23" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.23 mm</quantity>
, 0.72– 0.94x its width (length 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FE0CFEAFFE71FECD" box="[407,507,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.21">0.21 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FDD0FEAFFD38FECD" box="[587,690,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.29">0.29 mm</quantity>
). Spine on median tibia 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FC20FEAFFBC4FECD" box="[955,1102,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.185" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.17">0.17–0.2 mm</quantity>
long, slightly longer than first tarsomere (length of spine on median tibia 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FDE9FE8BFD5DFE21" box="[626,727,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.19">0.19 mm</quantity>
, length of first tarsomere 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FC68FE8BFBDDFE21" box="[1011,1111,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A67FF90FBF6FE8BFB34FE21" box="[1133,1214,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,1290,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-236@3.[249,1338,1290,1810]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Leg of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. a. Metathoracic leg, b. Detail of median spine and tarsus. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233970/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
) and approximately ⅓ the length of the median tibia. Median tibia 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FD28FE76FCD2FE05" box="[691,856,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="5.699999999999999" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.57" valueMin="0.53">0.53–0.57 mm</quantity>
long (
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FC38FE76FB86FE05" box="[931,1036,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A67FF90FBBEFE77FBE7FE05" box="[1061,1133,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,1290,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-236@3.[249,1338,1290,1810]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Leg of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. a. Metathoracic leg, b. Detail of median spine and tarsus. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233970/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Forewing 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FB63FE77FA17FE05" box="[1272,1437,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" metricValueMax="1.29" metricValueMin="1.13" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="1.21" valueMax="1.29" valueMin="1.13">1.13–1.29 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FF4CFE52FEF1FE79" box="[215,379,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="5.699999999999999" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.5349999999999999" valueMax="0.57" valueMin="0.5">0.50–0.57 mm</quantity>
wide, 2.2–2.4x longer than wide (wing length 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FC11FE52FC7BFE79" box="[906,1009,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
, wing width 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FB18FE52FB63FE79" box="[1155,1257,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A67FF90FA9BFE53FAD8FE79" box="[1280,1362,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,921,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-392@4.[170,1417,921,1254]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wing of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. a. Anterior wing, b. Enlargement of anterior wing. c. Marginal vein, stigma and postmarginal vein. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233972/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
), apex of submarginal vein with a hyaline interrupted zone (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A67FF90FD7AFE3FFCBBFE5D" box="[737,817,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,921,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-392@4.[170,1417,921,1254]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wing of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. a. Anterior wing, b. Enlargement of anterior wing. c. Marginal vein, stigma and postmarginal vein. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233972/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
); marginal vein 1.5–2.0x longer than wide, stigmal vein 3.2–5.0x the length of the marginal vein; postmarginal vein about 0.2–0.4x the length of stigmal vein (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A67FF90FA88FE1BFAECFDB1" box="[1299,1382,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,921,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-392@4.[170,1417,921,1254]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wing of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. a. Anterior wing, b. Enlargement of anterior wing. c. Marginal vein, stigma and postmarginal vein. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233972/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="AF93B4B61A67FF90FF03FB76FDEDFB66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233968" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11233968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233968/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" startId="3.[152,255,1170,1194]" targetBox="[188,1399,558,1144]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A67FF90FF03FB76FDEDFB66" blockId="3.[151,1436,1170,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FF03FB76FE92FB02" bold="true" box="[152,280,1170,1194]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Antenna of 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A67FF90FE0FFB76FCD0FB02" authority="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2024" box="[404,858,1170,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FE0FFB76FD4AFB02" box="[404,704,1170,1194]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Copidosoma takumasakondoi</emphasis>
Vargas &amp; Diaz
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2AB85571A67FF90FCFDFB77FC3FFB02" box="[870,949,1170,1194]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FC20FB76FC44FB02" bold="true" box="[955,974,1170,1194]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">a.</emphasis>
Female antenna, 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FBE4FB76FB19FB02" bold="true" box="[1151,1171,1170,1194]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">b.</emphasis>
Clava and sensorial plate, 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FF0CFB52FF23FB66" bold="true" box="[151,169,1206,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">c.</emphasis>
Male antenna. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AF93B4B61A67FF90FF03F8CEFD8BF8CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11233970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233970/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" startId="3.[152,255,1834,1858]" targetBox="[249,1338,1290,1810]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A67FF90FF03F8CEFD8BF8CE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1834,1894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FF03F8CEFE93F8EA" bold="true" box="[152,281,1834,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Leg of 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A67FF90FEF0F8CEFCBFF8EA" authority="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2024" box="[363,821,1834,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FEF0F8CEFD12F8EA" box="[363,664,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Copidosoma takumasakondoi</emphasis>
Vargas &amp; Diaz
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2AB85571A67FF90FCD9F8CFFC18F8EA" box="[834,914,1834,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FC01F8CEFC27F8EA" bold="true" box="[922,941,1834,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">a.</emphasis>
Metathoracic leg, 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FBF6F8CEFB0BF8EA" bold="true" box="[1133,1153,1834,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">b.</emphasis>
Detail of median spine and tarsus. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A67FF97FF5CF85DFDECFEB5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1976,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,150,897]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A67FF90FF5CF85DFEC2F87B" bold="true" box="[199,328,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Metasoma:</emphasis>
Length of metasoma 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FDD5F85CFD72F87B" box="[590,760,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.699999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.49" valueMax="0.51" valueMin="0.47">0.47–0.51 mm</quantity>
, about 0.6x the length of mesosoma and head combined; mesosoma plus head 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A67FF90FE18F839FDAFF85F" box="[387,549,2013,2039]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="8.299999999999999" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.77" valueMax="0.83" valueMin="0.71">0.71–0.83 mm</quantity>
long. In dry specimens its length varies depending on the degree of extension of the sclerites, 0.5–0.7x the length of the head and mesosoma combined (mesosoma plus head length 0.78, metasoma length 0.48). Cerci inserted in the middle third of metasoma and hypopygium not reaching the apex. Genitalia as in 
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A60FF97FF2EFF3BFE9CFF51" box="[181,278,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[152,255,2017,2041]" captionTargetBox="[349,1239,1397,1993]" captionTargetId="figure-427@4.[349,1239,1397,1993]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female genitalia of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233978/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Figure 4</figureCitation>
; length of ovipositor 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A60FF97FD92FF3AFD24FF51" box="[521,686,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.47" valueMax="0.51" valueMin="0.43">0.43–0.51 mm</quantity>
, excerted ovipositor 0.06–0.12x (0.09) the length of metasoma, its length ca. 0.8x the length of middle tibia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A60FF97FF5CFEC2FAAFFD59" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A60FF97FF5CFEC2FE98FEE9" bold="true" box="[199,274,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Color:</emphasis>
Head and body shiny black in color. Frontovertex black, with a reflection of green or shiny blue green. Face and gena with purplish-blue reflection. Antenna dark brown, with black radicle, basal half of scape black, changing gradually to brown and becoming yellow apically. Dorsal side of pedicel and funicular segments brown; ventral side brownish yellow. Clava dark brown. Mesoscutum transverse, black with a blueish-green reflection, of a lighter color and more intense than in the frontovertex, with a golden reflection; with a purplish reflection towards anterior part; scutellum black with blueish purple in the dorsal part and at its apex looking smoother in appearance; with a blueish-green color like the mesoscutum. Mesopleuron black, with a blue-purplish reflection. Foreleg leg: coxa, trochanter 1 and 2 translucent beige, femur, tibia and tarsi yellow, last tarsal segment dark brown. Middle leg: coxa and trochanter 1 and 2 dark brown, femur basal half beige, apical half dark brown, except for basal 1/8 
<superScript id="0C9949761A60FF97FAEBFDA2FAF7FDFC" attach="left" box="[1392,1405,582,596]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">th</superScript>
of femur and apical 1/8 
<superScript id="0C9949761A60FF97FEE6FD8EFE00FDD0" attach="left" box="[381,394,618,632]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">th</superScript>
of tibia forming a beige area, this is followed by a dark brown area that extends less than half of the tibia where it becomes yellow, like the spine and tarsi; last tarsal segment dark brown. Hind leg: coxa and trochanter 1 dark brown, trochanter 2 beige, same as basal half of femur; apical half of femur, tibia and tarsus dark. Mesopleura dark, with hints of blueish purple. Metasoma black with a golden reflection. Wings hyaline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A60FF97FF5CFD1EFB0AFC29" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A60FF97FF5CFD1EFECAFCBD" bold="true" box="[199,320,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Sculpture:</emphasis>
Frontovertex, frons and mesoscutum with reticulations composed of small, irregular cells; each cell polygonal in appearance and about ⅛ the size of an ocellus. Pronotum, axillae, tegula and scutellum of equal size and shape as those of scutum but appearing more superficial. Sculpture on frons, gena, prepectus and mesopleura more superficial, slightly more elongated than on frontovertex, and more orderly aligned.
</paragraph>
<caption id="AF93B4B61A60FF97FF03FB19FC29FA91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11233972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233972/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" startId="4.[152,255,1277,1301]" targetBox="[170,1417,921,1254]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A60FF97FF03FB19FC29FA91" blockId="4.[151,1437,1277,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A60FF97FF03FB19FE92FABD" bold="true" box="[152,280,1277,1301]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Wing of 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A60FF97FEECFB19FCB4FABD" authority="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2024" box="[375,830,1277,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A60FF97FEECFB19FD29FABD" box="[375,675,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Copidosoma takumasakondoi</emphasis>
Vargas &amp; Diaz
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2AB85571A60FF97FCD1FB1AFC13FABD" box="[842,921,1278,1301]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="C998382C1A60FF97FC05FB19FC3BFABD" bold="true" box="[926,945,1277,1301]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">a.</emphasis>
Anterior wing, 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A60FF97FBCAFB19FBEFFABD" bold="true" box="[1105,1125,1277,1301]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">b.</emphasis>
Enlargement of anterior wing. 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A60FF97FF0CFAC5FF23FA91" bold="true" box="[151,169,1313,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">c.</emphasis>
Marginal vein, stigma and postmarginal vein. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AF93B4B61A60FF97FF03F805FAB9F851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11233978" box="[152,1331,2017,2042]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233978/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" startId="4.[152,255,2017,2041]" targetBox="[349,1239,1397,1993]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A60FF97FF03F805FAB9F851" blockId="4.[152,1331,2017,2042]" box="[152,1331,2017,2042]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A60FF97FF03F805FE92F851" bold="true" box="[152,280,2017,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Female genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A60FF97FE72F805FC3AF851" authority="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2024" box="[489,944,2017,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A60FF97FE72F805FC9FF851" box="[489,789,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Copidosoma takumasakondoi</emphasis>
Vargas &amp; Diaz
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2AB85571A60FF97FC26F806FB86F851" box="[957,1036,2018,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A61FF96FF5CFF72FD80FE21" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A61FF96FF5CFF72FE86FF19" bold="true" box="[199,268,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Male:</emphasis>
Body length 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FE3FFF73FDC0FF19" box="[420,586,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" metricValueMax="1.29" metricValueMin="1.17" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="1.23" valueMax="1.29" valueMin="1.17">1.17–1.29 mm</quantity>
. General appearance similar to that of female, but head slightly wider (head width 0.93–1.04x its length and 1.86–2.08x its heigth). Antenna as in 
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A61FF96FC02FF5FFB8FFF7D" box="[921,1029,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1170,1194]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,558,1144]" captionTargetId="figure-203@3.[188,1399,558,1144]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antenna of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. a. Female antenna, b. Clava and sensorial plate, c. Male antenna. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Figure 1b</figureCitation>
, escape 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FBF9FF5FFB7CFF7D" box="[1122,1270,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.245" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.3 mm</quantity>
long, 3.6–5.8x as long as wide; length of F1 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FE46FF3BFD08FF51" box="[477,642,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.085" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.07">0.07–0.10 mm</quantity>
, ca. 1.7x its width. Clava solid, with sensory area restricted to the apex; width of sensory area 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FE09FEE7FE73FEB5" box="[402,505,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
, 0.16–0.18x clava width. Genitalia as in 
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A61FF96FC52FEE7FBA0FEB5" box="[969,1066,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1186,1210]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,741,1163]" captionTargetId="figure-323@5.[151,1435,741,1163]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male genitalia of Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233980/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Figure 5</figureCitation>
. Phallobase 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FB23FEE7FAD6FEB5" box="[1208,1372,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.255" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.23">0.23–0.28 mm</quantity>
long, 0.46–0.54x the length of middle tibia, with 10–14 pairs of setae, each digitus with two apical claws; aedeagus with two pairs of sensillae at the apex; length of aedeagus 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FD7BFEAFFC0EFECD" box="[736,900,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.26" valueMax="0.29" valueMin="0.23">0.23–0.29 mm</quantity>
, aedeagus 0.46–0.54x the length of middle tibia. Color and sculpture as in female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F6B7B51A61FF94FF5CFE76FBFCFE5D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A61FF96FF5CFE76FEA5FD65" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A61FF96FF5CFE76FEAAFE05" bold="true" box="[199,288,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Biology</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="9F7D99CF1A61FF96FEB4FE77FDB4FE05" author="Santamaria, M. &amp; Ebratt, E. &amp; Benavides, M." box="[303,574,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" pagination="79 - 93" refId="ref6177" refString="Santamaria, M., Ebratt, E. &amp; Benavides, M. (2007) Estudios biologicos de Copidosoma n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitoide de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en tomate de arbol, en Cundinamarca. Facultad de Ingenieria - Uniminuto. Noviembre. Revista Inventum, 3, 79 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.26620 / uniminuto. inventum. 2.3.2007.79 - 92" type="journal article" year="2007">
Santamaria 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A61FF96FE2FFE77FE67FE05" box="[436,493,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
studied the biology and life cycle of this species (as 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A61FF96FB0BFE77FF69FE79" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A61FF96FB0BFE77FACCFE05" authorityName="Santamaria, Ebratt &amp; Benavidez" authorityYear="2007" box="[1168,1350,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis">C. colombiensis</taxonomicName>
, nomen nudum
</emphasis>
) and reported that eggs within the ovarioles are 0.14 ± 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FCD8FE53FC2CFE79" box="[835,934,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FB89FE53FBFFFE79" box="[1042,1141,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
wide, having a bulb, neck, and a long basal region characteristic of the genus. The larvae are creamy white in color and the larval stage lasts 12.81 ± 2 days; when it reaches its maximum development it measures 1.87 ± 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FC67FE1AFBE8FDB1" box="[1020,1122,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
. The hyaline exarate pupa is 1.48 ± 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FF7DFDC6FEC0FD95" box="[230,330,546,573]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
long and turns dark when older; the pupal stage lasts 18.44 ± 2.11 days. The average development time, from parasitization to emergence from the fruit by the parasitized larval host is 28 days; and 29.4 ± 2.29 days inside a mummy state of the host larvae, for a total of 58 days of development. The adult female is 1.41 ± 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FAA2FD8FFA17FD2D" box="[1337,1437,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
long and the adult male is 1.49 ± 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A61FF96FD91FD6BFDE4FD01" box="[522,622,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
long. Adults provided with food live 5.96 ± 4.1 days and 3.8 ± 1.09 days without food.
</paragraph>
<caption id="AF93B4B61A61FF96FF03FB46FA96FB12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11233980" box="[152,1308,1186,1211]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233980/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" startId="5.[152,255,1186,1210]" targetBox="[152,1432,741,1163]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A61FF96FF03FB46FA96FB12" blockId="5.[152,1308,1186,1211]" box="[152,1308,1186,1211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A61FF96FF03FB46FE92FB12" bold="true" box="[152,280,1186,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A61FF96FE49FB46FC10FB12" authority="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2024" box="[466,922,1186,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A61FF96FE49FB46FD75FB12" box="[466,767,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Copidosoma takumasakondoi</emphasis>
Vargas &amp; Diaz
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2AB85571A61FF96FC3DFB47FC7FFB12" box="[934,1013,1187,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AF93B4B61A61FF96FF03F839FB24F85D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11233982" box="[152,1198,2013,2037]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233982/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" startId="5.[152,255,2013,2037]" targetBox="[316,1271,1270,1989]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A61FF96FF03F839FB24F85D" blockId="5.[152,1198,2013,2037]" box="[152,1198,2013,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A61FF96FF03F839FE92F85D" bold="true" box="[152,280,2013,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A61FF96FE84F839FE72F85D" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1940" box="[287,504,2013,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koehleri">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A61FF96FE84F839FE72F85D" box="[287,504,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Copidosoma koehleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A61FF96FD9EF839FD92F85D" bold="true" box="[517,536,2013,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">a.</emphasis>
Female genitalia, 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A61FF96FD48F839FD6DF85D" bold="true" box="[723,743,2013,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">b.</emphasis>
Male genitalia. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AF93B4B61A62FF95FF03F9EEFCDCF9C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11233986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" startId="6.[152,255,1546,1570]" targetBox="[359,1229,181,1522]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A62FF95FF03F9EEFCDCF9C2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,1643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FF03F9EEFE92F98B" bold="true" box="[152,280,1546,1571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Symptoms of parasitism caused by 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A62FF95FD18F9EEFBC2F98A" authority="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2024" box="[643,1096,1546,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FD18F9EEFC24F98A" box="[643,942,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Copidosoma takumasakondoi</emphasis>
Vargas &amp; Diaz
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2AB85571A62FF95FBCFF9EFFB28F98A" box="[1108,1186,1547,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
on 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A62FF95FB5DF9EFFAD8F98A" box="[1222,1362,1546,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FB5DF9EFFAD8F98A" box="[1222,1362,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">N. elegantalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae. 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FF0CF9CBFF2EF9EF" bold="true" box="[151,164,1583,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">a</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FF4FF9CBFF63F9EF" bold="true" box="[212,233,1583,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">b.</emphasis>
Bulging on thorax; 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FE2FF9CBFE35F9EF" bold="true" box="[436,447,1583,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">c</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FE50F9CBFE53F9EF" bold="true" box="[459,473,1583,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">d</emphasis>
, and 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FD8BF9CBFDA8F9EF" bold="true" box="[528,546,1583,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">e.</emphasis>
Larval chambers; 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FD45F9CAFD6CF9EE" bold="true" box="[734,742,1582,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">f</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FC8CF9CBFCAEF9EF" bold="true" box="[791,804,1583,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">g</emphasis>
. Pupae development; 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FB9FF9CBFB98F9EF" bold="true" box="[1028,1042,1583,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">h</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FBD9F9CAFBC5F9EE" bold="true" box="[1090,1103,1582,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">i.</emphasis>
Melanization of pupae and adult development; 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FEBCF9B6FEA5F9C2" bold="true" box="[295,303,1618,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">j</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FEFAF9B7FEFCF9C3" bold="true" box="[353,374,1619,1643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">k.</emphasis>
Adult emergence. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A62FF95FF5CF959FAE1F87B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1725,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
In this study, the first symptoms of parasitization were observed on larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A62FF95FBD9F959FB6AF97F" box="[1090,1248,1725,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FBD9F959FB6AF97F" box="[1090,1248,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">N. elegantalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the time they exited their host fruit to pupate on dry leaves at the base of the host plant; most parasitized larvae were characterized by their slow movements, and the presence of a lump on the thorax or abdomen (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A62FF95FB88F8E1FB07F8B7" box="[1043,1165,1797,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1546,1570]" captionTargetBox="[359,1229,181,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[359,1229,181,1522]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Symptoms of parasitism caused by Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. on N. elegantalis larvae. a and b. Bulging on thorax; c, d, and e. Larval chambers; f and g. Pupae development; h and i. Melanization of pupae and adult development; j and k. Adult emergence. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Fig. 7a, 7b</figureCitation>
). After two to three days it was observed through the semitransparent cuticle of the larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A62FF95FC12F8CDFBAEF8EB" box="[905,1060,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A62FF95FC12F8CDFBAEF8EB" box="[905,1060,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">N. elegantalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the formation of chambers which house the parasitoid larvae (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A62FF95FE4AF8A9FDFEF8CF" box="[465,628,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1546,1570]" captionTargetBox="[359,1229,181,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[359,1229,181,1522]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Symptoms of parasitism caused by Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. on N. elegantalis larvae. a and b. Bulging on thorax; c, d, and e. Larval chambers; f and g. Pupae development; h and i. Melanization of pupae and adult development; j and k. Adult emergence. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Fig. 7c, 7d, 7e</figureCitation>
); and at this time the mummification of the host larva begins; after three to four days the meconia (intestinal wastes) of the parasitoid larvae become visible and pupation begins, and after one or two days they reach the pupal stage (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A62FF95FDEDF871FD67F807" box="[630,749,1941,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1546,1570]" captionTargetBox="[359,1229,181,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[359,1229,181,1522]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Symptoms of parasitism caused by Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. on N. elegantalis larvae. a and b. Bulging on thorax; c, d, and e. Larval chambers; f and g. Pupae development; h and i. Melanization of pupae and adult development; j and k. Adult emergence. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">
Fig. 7f, 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A62FF95FD56F871FD67F807" box="[717,749,1941,1967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). It lasted 9–11 days from the time the larvae left the fruit until the parasitoids pupated, and 25 to 27 days until emergence of the adult parasitoids were observed (
<figureCitation id="63D7F8BB1A62FF95FB7CF85DFAD4F87B" box="[1255,1374,1977,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1546,1570]" captionTargetBox="[359,1229,181,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[359,1229,181,1522]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Symptoms of parasitism caused by Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas &amp; Diaz, sp. nov. on N. elegantalis larvae. a and b. Bulging on thorax; c, d, and e. Larval chambers; f and g. Pupae development; h and i. Melanization of pupae and adult development; j and k. Adult emergence. Photos by B.I. Vargas-Avila." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11233986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11233986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Fig. 7h, 7i</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A63FF94FF5CFF73FECFFECD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
An average of 
<specimenCount id="EDEA2FB71A63FF94FEF5FF73FE5DFF19" box="[366,471,151,177]" count="173" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="adult">173 adult</specimenCount>
parasitoids emerged from a host larva, depending on the size of the larva. Sometimes only females emerged, in other cases only males emerged, and in some cases both females and males emerged, in the latter situation the sex ratio varied between 0.18–4.0 females to each male (n = 25 host larvae). When only females were born the average number of emerged individuals ranged between 48 to 332 (n = 39 host larvae); and in the case when only males were born, the average number of emerged individuals ranged between 58 to 266 (n = 16 host larvae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A63FF94FF5CFE8AFBFCFE5D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FF5CFE8AFD81FE20" bold="true" box="[199,523,366,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FD8CFE8AFD06FE20" bold="true" box="[535,652,366,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<collectingCountry id="83FBA4AE1A63FF94FD8CFE8AFD06FE20" box="[535,652,366,392]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Colombia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectorName id="561981E81A63FF94FD05FE8BFCA7FE21" box="[670,813,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Departments</collectorName>
of 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FCC1FE8BFC47FE21" box="[858,973,367,393]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FC47FE8BFBB9FE21" box="[988,1075,367,393]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FBD8FE8BFB18FE21" box="[1091,1170,367,393]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Caldas</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FB3AFE8BFB68FE21" box="[1185,1250,367,393]" country="Colombia" name="Huila" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Huila</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FB69FE8BFA12FE21" box="[1266,1432,367,393]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FF0CFE77FEC6FE05" box="[151,332,403,429]" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FEC3FE77FE3DFE05" box="[344,439,403,429]" country="Colombia" name="Quindio" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Quindío</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FE59FE77FD9EFE05" box="[450,532,403,429]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Tolima</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FDBBFE77FD00FE05" box="[544,650,403,429]" country="Colombia" name="Risaralda" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Risaralda</collectingRegion>
in 
<collectorName id="561981E81A63FF94FD34FE77FCBFFE05" box="[687,821,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Premontane</collectorName>
wet forest (wf-PM) 
<collectorName id="561981E81A63FF94FB84FE77FB2FFE05" box="[1055,1189,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Premontane</collectorName>
very wet forest (
<collectionCode id="9DFD7CFB1A63FF94FF0CFE53FF49FE79" box="[151,195,439,465]" country="USA" name="Pratt Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">vwf-PM</collectionCode>
), 
<collectingCounty id="12329CB21A63FF94FF42FE53FE04FE79" box="[217,398,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Lower Montane</collectingCounty>
wet forest (wf-LM), and 
<collectingMunicipality id="1B377E441A63FF94FD2FFE53FCB0FE79" box="[692,826,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Premontane</collectingMunicipality>
dry forest (df-PM), according to the classification by 
<location id="FE33B2E51A63FF94FF0CFE3FFE83FE5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:734555281A66FF94FF0CFCBFFB6CF9F9:FE33B2E51A63FF94FF0CFE3FFE83FE5D" box="[151,265,475,501]" country="Colombia" county="Lower Montane" municipality="Premontane" name="Holdridge" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Holdridge</location>
life zones. 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FE11FE3FFE70FE5D" bold="true" box="[394,506,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<collectingCountry id="83FBA4AE1A63FF94FE11FE3FFE7FFE5D" box="[394,501,475,501]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="561981E81A63FF94FD9AFE3FFD92FE5D" box="[513,536,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">In</collectorName>
the provinces of 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FD40FE3FFCB8FE5D" box="[731,818,475,501]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FCA7FE3FFC27FE5D" box="[828,941,475,501]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Pichincha</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FC73FE3FFBF8FE5D" box="[1000,1138,475,501]" country="Ecuador" name="Tungurahua" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Tungurahua</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F6B7B51A63FF94FF5CFE1BFAD0FD01" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A63FF94FF5CFE1BFAD0FD01" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FF5CFE1BFEFEFDB0" bold="true" box="[199,372,510,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="4B84EE631A63FF94FEE1FE1BFBD1FDC9" latitude="5.339778" longitude="-75.78067" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="24575A9C1A63FF94FEE1FE1BFE6FFDB1" box="[378,485,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCount id="EDEA2FB71A63FF94FE74FE1BFD8CFDB1" box="[495,518,511,537]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
: 
<collectingCountry id="83FBA4AE1A63FF94FD8AFE1BFD08FDB1" box="[529,642,511,537]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FD16FE1BFD70FDB1" box="[653,762,511,537]" country="Colombia" name="Risaralda" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Risaralda</collectingRegion>
, Guatica, 
<geoCoordinate id="9ED882F91A63FF94FCFCFDE4FB8EFDB3" box="[871,1028,512,539]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" precision="1" seconds="23.2" value="5.339778">05°20′23.2″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="9ED882F91A63FF94FB94FDE4FB25FDB3" box="[1039,1199,512,539]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" precision="1" seconds="50.4" value="-75.78067">75°46′50.4″W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3C1449DB1A63FF94FB22FE1BFA87FDB1" box="[1209,1293,511,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.082" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="2082.0">2082 m</quantity>
a.s.l. Reared off 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FF5BFDC7FE62FD95" box="[192,488,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FF5BFDC7FE62FD95" box="[192,488,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Neoleucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae collected on fruit of 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FCB3FDC7FB8CFD95" box="[808,1030,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FCB3FDC7FB88FD95" box="[808,1026,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betaceum">Solanum betaceum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Collected by G. Higuinio (Gilberto Higuinio) [
<collectionCode id="9DFD7CFB1A63FF94FE89FDA3FED0FDC9" box="[274,346,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">CTNI</collectionCode>
: Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “Luis María Murillo”]
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="4B84EE631A63FF94FBFEFDA3FA12FD2D" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<typeStatus id="24575A9C1A63FF94FBFEFDA3FB58FDC9" box="[1125,1234,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="EDEA2FB71A63FF94FB43FDA3FA9BFDC9" box="[1240,1297,583,609]" count="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="male">11 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EDEA2FB71A63FF94FA86FDA3FADFFDC9" box="[1309,1365,583,609]" count="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="female">10 ♀</specimenCount>
, same data as 
<typeStatus id="24575A9C1A63FF94FF70FD8FFEC7FD2D" box="[235,333,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
[
<collectionCode id="9DFD7CFB1A63FF94FEC0FD8FFE25FD2D" box="[347,431,619,645]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
:National Museum of Natural History; 
<collectionCode id="9DFD7CFB1A63FF94FCFFFD8FFC32FD2D" box="[868,952,619,645]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hx5r-ym26" name="Universidad Nacional, Facultad de Agronomia" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">UNAB</collectionCode>
: Universidad Nacional Agronomía 
<collectingRegion id="39282ADC1A63FF94FADFFD8FFA12FD2D" box="[1348,1432,619,645]" country="Colombia" name="Bogota" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Bogotá</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<collectionCode id="9DFD7CFB1A63FF94FF0CFD6BFF7CFD01" box="[151,246,655,681]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ct7t-ipa9" name="Museo Entomologico Francisco Luis Gallego" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">MEFLG</collectionCode>
: Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego, Universidad Nacional de 
<collectingCountry id="83FBA4AE1A63FF94FBB5FD6BFB16FD01" box="[1070,1180,655,681]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Colombia</collectingCountry>
sede Medellín.].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F6B7B51A63FF94FF5CFD56FB6CF9F9" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A63FF94FF5CFD56FAE5FC61" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FF5CFD56FEC1FD65" bold="true" box="[199,331,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FDB4FD57FD79FD65" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Diaz" authorityYear="2024" box="[559,755,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi">
“ 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FDA0FD57FD79FD65" box="[571,755,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">takumasakondoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is dedicated to Dr. Takumasa Kondo, a prestigious Japanese-Colombian Entomologist, in recognition of his valuable collaboration with the research project: “Fundamentos para el desarrollo de estrategias de control biológico del perforador del fruto 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FC49FD1FFB71FCBD" box="[978,1275,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FC49FD1FFB71FCBD" box="[978,1275,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Neoleucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FA96FD1FFA13FCBD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1293,1433,763,789]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FF0CFCFBFE9EFC91" box="[151,276,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
) en frutas solanáceas andinas exóticas [Foundations for the development of biological control strategies of the fruit borer 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FECFFCA7FDF0FCF5" box="[340,634,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FECFFCA7FDF0FCF5" box="[340,634,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Neoleucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FD12FCA7FC9FFCF5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[649,789,835,861]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FC85FCA7FC13FCF5" box="[798,921,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
), a pest of exotic Andean solanaceous fruits]” which was funded by the Regional Fund for Agricultural Technology (FONTAGRO). Dr. Kondo is better known as a world expert on the taxonomy and systematics of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), and currently works in the area of integrated pest management of insect pests of tropical fruits at Agrosavia, Palmira Research Center.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A63FF94FF5CFC37FE48FBB9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FF5CFC37FED5FC45" bold="true" box="[199,351,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Insect hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FEF2FC37FC82FC45" authority="(Guenee)" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" box="[361,776,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FEF2FC37FD19FC45" box="[361,659,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Neoleucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
(Guenée)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FC8CFC37FB95FC45" authority="(Guenee)" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" box="[791,1055,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperialis">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FC8CFC37FC26FC45" box="[791,940,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">N. imperialis</emphasis>
(Guenée)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FBC0FC37FA16FC45" authority="(Dyar) Capps" authorityName="Capps" baseAuthorityName="Dyar" box="[1115,1436,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prophetica">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FBC0FC37FB7DFC45" box="[1115,1271,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">N. prophetica</emphasis>
(Dyar) Capps
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FF3BFC13FEA6FBB9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[160,300,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FEACFC13FE3DFBB9" box="[311,439,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A63FF94FF5CFBFEFB06FB9D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1617]" box="[199,1164,1050,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FF5CFBFEFE1DFB9D" bold="true" box="[199,407,1050,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Associated plants</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FE3DFBFFFDF0FB9C" box="[422,634,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quitoense">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FE3DFBFFFDF0FB9C" box="[422,634,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Solanum quitoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FD13FBFFFC85FB9D" box="[648,783,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betaceum">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FD13FBFFFC85FB9D" box="[648,783,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">S. betaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FC86FBFFFC24FB9D" box="[797,942,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subinerme">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FC86FBFFFC24FB9D" box="[797,942,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">S. subinerme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FC7FFBFFFB0EFB9D" box="[996,1156,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbellatum">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FC7FFBFFFB0EFB9D" box="[996,1156,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">S. umbellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A63FF94FF5CFBDAFC50FBF1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1617]" box="[199,986,1086,1113]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FF5CFBDAFD79FBF0" bold="true" box="[199,755,1086,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Geographical distribution. Neotropical region:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="83FBA4AE1A63FF94FD61FBDBFCE1FBF1" box="[762,875,1087,1113]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="83FBA4AE1A63FF94FCEDFBDBFC5CFBF1" box="[886,982,1087,1113]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB53E43E1A63FF94FF5CFB87FB6CF9F9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FF5CFB87FE9BFBD5" bold="true" box="[199,273,1123,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Notes.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9F7D99CF1A63FF94FE83FB87FDA2FBD5" author="Santamaria, M. &amp; Ebratt, E. &amp; Benavides, M." box="[280,552,1123,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="79 - 93" refId="ref6177" refString="Santamaria, M., Ebratt, E. &amp; Benavides, M. (2007) Estudios biologicos de Copidosoma n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitoide de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en tomate de arbol, en Cundinamarca. Facultad de Ingenieria - Uniminuto. Noviembre. Revista Inventum, 3, 79 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.26620 / uniminuto. inventum. 2.3.2007.79 - 92" type="journal article" year="2007">
Santamaría 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FE05FB87FE45FBD5" box="[414,463,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
made a detailed study on the biology and taxonomy of an undescribed species of 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FF27FB63FEC0FB09" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1844" box="[188,330,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FF27FB63FEC0FB09" box="[188,330,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Copidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a parasitoid of 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FD80FB63FCDFFB09" authorityName="Guenée" authorityYear="1854" box="[539,853,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Neolecucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FD80FB63FCDFFB09" box="[539,853,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Neolecucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on tree tomato, 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FBB3FB63FAA7FB09" box="[1064,1325,1159,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cyphomandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betacea">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FBB3FB63FAA7FB09" box="[1064,1325,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Cyphomandra betacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, likely a conspecific of 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FEA4FB4FFD93FB6D" authority="Seow-Choen &amp; Ng, 2024" authorityName="Seow-Choen &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2024" box="[319,537,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takumasakondoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FEA4FB4FFD93FB6D" box="[319,537,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">C. takumasakondoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FDBAFB4FFDF6FB6D" bold="true" box="[545,636,1195,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2AB85571A63FF94FDBAFB4FFDF6FB6D" box="[545,636,1195,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and referred to the species throughout their paper as 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FB7EFB4FFAF9FB6D" authority="Seow-Choen &amp; Ng, 2024" authorityName="Seow-Choen &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2024" box="[1253,1395,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FB7EFB4FFAF9FB6D" box="[1253,1395,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Copidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FAE0FB4FFF42FB41" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2AB85571A63FF94FAE0FB4FFF42FB41" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
However, at the end of their paper, they gave the name “ 
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FCFFFB2BFC78FB41" authority="Seow-Choen &amp; Ng, 2024" authorityName="Seow-Choen &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2024" box="[868,1010,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FCFFFB2BFC78FB41" box="[868,1010,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Copidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2AB85571A63FF94FC60FB2BFBB0FB41" box="[1019,1082,1231,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FBD8FB2BFB56FB41" box="[1091,1244,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="3CEC9FBD1A63FF94FBD8FB2BFB52FB41" authorityName="Santamaria, Ebratt &amp; Benavidez" authorityYear="2007" box="[1091,1240,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis">colombiensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
” refering to this name as a “provisional name”. According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, chapter 16.1., “All names: intention of authors to establish new nominal taxa to be explicit. Every new name published after 1999, including new replacement names (
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FDFDFADFFD7CFAFC" box="[614,758,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">nomina nova</emphasis>
), must be explicitly indicated as intentionally new”. Because 
<bibRefCitation id="9F7D99CF1A63FF94FF0CFABBFE2CFAD1" author="Santamaria, M. &amp; Ebratt, E. &amp; Benavides, M." box="[151,422,1375,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="79 - 93" refId="ref6177" refString="Santamaria, M., Ebratt, E. &amp; Benavides, M. (2007) Estudios biologicos de Copidosoma n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitoide de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en tomate de arbol, en Cundinamarca. Facultad de Ingenieria - Uniminuto. Noviembre. Revista Inventum, 3, 79 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.26620 / uniminuto. inventum. 2.3.2007.79 - 92" type="journal article" year="2007">
Santamaría 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FE87FABBFEDEFAD1" box="[284,340,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
used the word “provisional” when referring to the above name in their study; we conclude that there was no intent to officially describe the species. Furthermore, although 
<bibRefCitation id="9F7D99CF1A63FF94FB88FA67FAAAFA35" author="Santamaria, M. &amp; Ebratt, E. &amp; Benavides, M." box="[1043,1312,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="79 - 93" refId="ref6177" refString="Santamaria, M., Ebratt, E. &amp; Benavides, M. (2007) Estudios biologicos de Copidosoma n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitoide de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en tomate de arbol, en Cundinamarca. Facultad de Ingenieria - Uniminuto. Noviembre. Revista Inventum, 3, 79 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.26620 / uniminuto. inventum. 2.3.2007.79 - 92" type="journal article" year="2007">
Santamaría 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FB03FA67FB45FA35" box="[1176,1231,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that some specimens were sent to the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN), they gave no explicit indication as to the repository of the 
<typeStatus id="24575A9C1A63FF94FEE0FA2FFE69FA4D" box="[379,483,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(Article 16.4.2., “where the 
<typeStatus id="24575A9C1A63FF94FC85FA2FFC0AFA4D" box="[798,896,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
or 
<typeStatus id="24575A9C1A63FF94FC39FA2FFB8EFA4D" box="[930,1028,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
are extant specimens, by a statement of intent that they will be (or are) deposited in a collection and a statement indicating the name and location of that collection (see Recommendation 16C)”. Based on these reasons, we believe that the name used by 
<bibRefCitation id="9F7D99CF1A63FF94FB7AF9F7FF68F9F9" author="Santamaria, M. &amp; Ebratt, E. &amp; Benavides, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="79 - 93" refId="ref6177" refString="Santamaria, M., Ebratt, E. &amp; Benavides, M. (2007) Estudios biologicos de Copidosoma n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitoide de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en tomate de arbol, en Cundinamarca. Facultad de Ingenieria - Uniminuto. Noviembre. Revista Inventum, 3, 79 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.26620 / uniminuto. inventum. 2.3.2007.79 - 92" type="journal article" year="2007">
Santamaria 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FAFEF9F7FA1FF985" box="[1381,1429,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
does not fulfill the requirements indicated in the Code, thus we consider it a 
<emphasis id="C998382C1A63FF94FBDAF9D3FB55F9F9" box="[1089,1247,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">nomen nudum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>