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<mods:title id="1C7E7A2A90880CD680281B9E405D99F7">Freshwater Cyanobacteria of North-Eastern Australia: 3. Nostocales</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="ABD7652F1817260AEB9A5697D4B5AB9F" box="[136,1225,1232,1257]" pageId="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A5697D4B5AB9F" blockId="13.[136,1225,1232,1292]" box="[136,1225,1232,1257]" pageId="13">
<heading id="B83A81C81817260AEB9A5697D4B5AB9F" box="[136,1225,1232,1257]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" reason="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="626C10B51817260AEB9A5697D441AB9F" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[136,1085,1232,1257]" page=")" pageId="13" year="2009">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEB9A5697D441AB9F" authority="(Lemmermann) Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek (2009: 61)" authorityName="Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Lemmermann" box="[136,1085,1232,1257]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="affine">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEB9A5697D1E6AB9F" bold="true" box="[136,410,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13">Dolichospermum affine</emphasis>
(Lemmermann)
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551817260AE9455697D441AB9F" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[599,1085,1232,1257]" pageId="13" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref63012" refString="Wacklin, P., Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J. (2009) Nomenclatural validation of the genetically revised cyanobacterial genus Dolichospermum (Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault) comb. nova. Fottea 9 (1): 59 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2009.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komárek (2009: 61)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="7BF62A211817260AEF565697D4B9AB9F" box="[1092,1221,1232,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 9. AD Dolichospermum affine. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="13">Fig. 9 AD</figureCitation>
.
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A56B0D2E1AA7A" blockId="13.[136,1225,1232,1292]" box="[136,669,1271,1292]" pageId="13">
Basionym:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEBE456B0D2E1AA7A" ID-CoL="D9SK" authority="Lemmermann (1897: 261)" authorityName="Lemmermann" authorityPageNumber="261" authorityYear="1897" box="[246,669,1271,1292]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEBE456B0D1E5AA7A" box="[246,409,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="13">Anabaena affinis</emphasis>
Lemmermann (1897: 261)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A577BD3F1A97F" blockId="13.[136,1452,1340,1761]" pageId="13">Filaments solitary, planktonic; trichomes straight or slightly flexuous, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends; mucilage fine, colourless, up to 20 μm wide. Vegetative cells spherical or slightly barrel-shaped, compressed at the poles, clearly constricted at the cross walls, (2.5) 4.57.5 μm long × 4.56.0 μm broad, with aerotopes; apical cells rounded to shortly conical. Heterocytes intercalary, solitary, spherical, 5.07.5 μm in diameter. Akinetes intercalary, solitary or rarely in pairs, ovate to oblong with rounded ends, adjacent to or remote from the heterocytes, (6) 1122 (30) μm long × (4.5) 9.0 13.0 μm broad.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F1817260AEBAF5453D292A997" pageId="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEBAF5453D4B7A95B" blockId="13.[136,1452,1340,1761]" box="[189,1227,1556,1581]" pageId="13">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEBAF5453D1C9A95B" bold="true" box="[189,437,1556,1581]" pageId="13">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Bill Gunn Dam, Burnett R., Ned Churchward Weir.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEBAF547FD2E7A903" blockId="13.[136,1452,1340,1761]" pageId="13">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEBAF547FD114A927" bold="true" box="[189,360,1592,1617]" pageId="13">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461817260AEA9B547FD243A927" box="[393,575,1592,1617]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="13">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: Warren Res., Strathalbyn Res., Mount Lofty Ranges,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551817260AEFA3547FD536A927" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1201,1354,1592,1617]" pageId="13" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551817260AEE45547FD164A903" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." pageId="13" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461817260AEA31541BD1FEA903" box="[291,386,1628,1653]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="13">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551817260AEA9E541BD2EBA903" author="Baker, P. D. &amp; Fabbro, L. D." box="[396,663,1628,1653]" pageId="13" refId="ref54367" refString="Baker, P. D. &amp; Fabbro, L. D. (2002) A guide to the identification of common blue-green algae (Cyanoprokaryotes) in Australian freshwaters. Thrugoona, NSW: Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology." type="book" year="2002">Baker &amp; Fabbro (2002)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEBAF54C7D292A997" blockId="13.[136,1452,1340,1761]" pageId="13">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEBAF54C7D120A9EF" bold="true" box="[189,348,1664,1689]" pageId="13">Observations</emphasis>
:—A widespread species, recorded throughout Europe, Asia, North and South America and
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341817260AEE6454C7D09EA9CB" name="New Zealand" pageId="13">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(as
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEA0854E3D2F0A9CB" authority="Lemmermann" authorityName="Lemmermann" authorityYear="1897" box="[282,652,1700,1725]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEA0854E3D1A2A9CB" box="[282,478,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13">Anabaena affinis</emphasis>
Lemmermann
</taxonomicName>
). Australian populations are not known to
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEF9454E3D554A9CB" box="[1158,1320,1700,1725]" form="fascicles" pageId="13" rank="form">form fascicles</taxonomicName>
of parallel arranged trichomes as variously reported from Europe.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A5557D0B8A83B" blockId="13.[136,1451,1808,1904]" pageId="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C3DD118A1817260AEB9A5557D0B8A83B" pageId="13">
<treatmentCitation id="626C10B51817260AEB9A5557D52DA85F" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[136,1361,1808,1833]" page=")" pageId="13" year="2009">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEB9A5557D52DA85F" authority="(Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault) Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek (2009: 61)" authorityName="Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" box="[136,1361,1808,1833]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="circinale">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEB9A5557D1C1A85F" bold="true" box="[136,445,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="13">Dolichospermum circinale</emphasis>
(Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault)
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551817260AE84D5557D52DA85F" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[863,1361,1808,1833]" pageId="13" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref63012" refString="Wacklin, P., Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J. (2009) Nomenclatural validation of the genetically revised cyanobacterial genus Dolichospermum (Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault) comb. nova. Fottea 9 (1): 59 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2009.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komárek (2009: 61)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A211817260AEE485557D0BCA83B" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="84.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 10. AC Dolichospermum circinale. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="13">Fig. 10 AC</figureCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A551CD30FA806" blockId="13.[136,1451,1808,1904]" box="[136,883,1883,1904]" pageId="13">
Basionym:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEBE4551CD30FA806" ID-CoL="D9SR" authority="Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 230)" authorityName="Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="1886" box="[246,883,1883,1904]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="circinalis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEBE4551CD1CBA806" box="[246,439,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13">Anabaena circinalis</emphasis>
Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 230)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418172609EB9A55E7D10EAFAB" blockId="13.[136,1452,1952,2085]" lastBlockId="14.[136,1452,160,1157]" lastPageId="14" pageId="13">Filaments solitary or entangled into small clusters, planktonic; trichomes circinate or irregularly open screw-like coiled,&gt; 50 μm in diameter, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends; often associated with a broad, colourless mucilage. Vegetative cells spherical or compressed at the poles, blue-green in colour, with aerotopes, 7.08.5 (11.0) μm in diameter; apical cells undifferentiated. Heterocytes spherical, 8.511.0 μm in diameter. Akinetes intercalary, solitary or in series, cylindrical, slightly curved and remote from the heterocytes, 20.028.0 μm long × 11.516.0 μm broad.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18142609EBAF52AFD37CABF3" pageId="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EBAF52AFD1D6AD33" blockId="14.[136,1452,160,1157]" pageId="14">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBAF52AFD1C6AE77" bold="true" box="[189,442,232,257]" pageId="14">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Baroon Pocket Dam, Beardmore Dam, Fitzroy R. at Bedford Weir, Fitzroy R. at Bingegang Weir, Fitzroy R. at Eden Bann Weir, Fitzroy R. at Glebe Weir, Fitzroy R. at Moura Weir, Fitzroy R. at Neville Hewitt Weir, Fitzroy R. at Tartrus Weir, Fitzroy R. at Theodore Weir, Burnett R. at Ben Anderson Barrage, Burnett R. at Kirar Weir, Burnett R. at Ned Churchward Weir, Bill Gunn Dam, Bjelke-Petersen Dam, Bowen R. at Bowen R. Weir, Callide Dam, Cania Dam, Condamine R. at Jack Taylor Weir, Condamine R. at Chinchilla Weir, Burnett R. at Claude Wharton Weir, Coolmunda Dam, Crookes Dam, Pioneer R. at Dumbleton Weir, Pioneer R. at Mirani Weir, Eungella Dam, Fairbairn Dam, Glen Niven Dam, Glenlyon Dam, Kinchant Dam, Lake Clarendon, Lake MacDonald, Leslie Dam, Maroon Dam, Mary R. at Mary R. Barrage, Moogerah Dam, Moura offstream storage, Paradise Dam, Peter Faust Dam, Six Mile Ck at Bajool Weir, Teemburra Dam, Wuruma Dam, Wivenhoe Dam, Warrego R. at Allan Tannock Weir.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EBAF5017D372ACA7" blockId="14.[136,1452,160,1157]" pageId="14">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBAF5017D11AAD1F" bold="true" box="[189,358,592,617]" pageId="14">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EA955017D22BAD1F" box="[391,599,592,617]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="14">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Prospect Res., Cannon
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609E87B5017D3DEAD1F" box="[873,930,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="14">et al.</emphasis>
(1970), Bowen &amp; Smalls (1980), Lismore R.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EB9A5033D16EADFB" author="May, V." box="[136,274,628,653]" pageId="14" pagination="79 - 83" refId="ref59934" refString="May, V. (1970) New or interesting algal records from Australia. Contributions of the New South Wales National Herbarium 4: 79 - 83." type="journal article" year="1970">May (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, Braidwood Lagoon,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E91F5033D2EBADFB" author="May, V." box="[525,663,628,653]" pageId="14" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref59963" refString="May, V. (1972) Blue-green algal booms of Braidwood, New South Wales (Australia). Science Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, New South Wales 82: 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1972">May (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, Lake Uranagong near Finlay,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E8EF5033D55FADFB" author="May, V. &amp; McBarron, E. J." box="[1021,1315,628,653]" pageId="14" pagination="164 - 266" refId="ref60092" refString="May, V. &amp; McBarron, E. J. (1973) Occurrence of the blue-green alga, Anabaena circinalis Rabenh., in new South Wales and toxicity to mice and honey bees. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 39: 164 - 266." type="journal article" year="1973">May &amp; McBarron (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, Burrinjuck Dam,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EBDF50DFD128ADC7" author="May, V." box="[205,340,664,689]" pageId="14" pagination="295 - 313" refId="ref60000" refString="May, V. (1978) Areas of recurrence of toxic algae within Burrinjuck Dam, New South Wales, Australia. Telopea 1: 295 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.7751 / telopea 19783501" type="journal article" year="1978">May (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, Carcoar Dam, Glenbawn Dam,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E9D150DFD337ADC7" author="May, V." box="[707,843,664,689]" pageId="14" pagination="446 - 460" refId="ref60041" refString="May, V. (1981) Freshwater algae. In: Sainty, G. R. &amp; Jacobs, S. W. L. (Eds.) Waterplants of New South Wales. Water Resources Commission, New South Wales, pp. 446 - 460." type="book chapter" year="1981">May (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, River Murray at Torrumbarry and Euston,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EE2150DFD085ADA3" author="Sullivan, C. M. &amp; Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D." pageId="14" refId="ref62784" refString="Sullivan, C. M., Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D. (1988) Phytoplankton of the River Murray. Review of Monitoring 1980 - 1985. Water Quality Report No. 2. Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra." type="book" year="1988">
Sullivan
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EE8550DFD0D9ADA3" italics="true" pageId="14">et al.</emphasis>
(1988)
</bibRefCitation>
, Chaffey Dam, May (1989),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E95050FBD2A6ADA3" author="Baker, P. D." box="[578,730,700,725]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Toonumbar Dam near Lismore,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EF4350FBD496ADA3" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1105,1258,700,725]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Lake Cargelligo near Griffith,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EA3250A7D1CBAD8F" author="Baker, P. D." box="[288,439,736,761]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Namoi R. near Walgett,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E9DE50A7D31FAD8F" author="Baker, P. D." box="[716,867,736,761]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Hawkesbury R. at Sackville,
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;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EE4350A7D08FAC6B" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="14">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
: farm dams in south-west, Aplin (1983), Hyde Park, (
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Lee
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2014
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);
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EF195143D4C1AC6B" box="[1035,1213,772,797]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="14">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: Gumeracha Weir, R. Torrens, South Para Res., Hope Valley Res., Little Para Res., Happy Valley Res., Myponga Res., Hindmarsh Valley Res., Strathalbyn Res., Warren Res.,
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;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609E9AD510BD362AC13" box="[703,798,844,869]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="14">Victoria</collectingRegion>
: Barkers Ck Res., Lake Cup Cup near Donald, Dock L. and Green L. near Horsham, Hepburn Lagoon near Ballarat, Hopetoun Res. near Warracknabeal, Kybram near Shepparton, Lance Ck Res. and Wonthaggi-Inverlock Res., Violet Town Res. near Benalla, Tallarook near Seymour,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EE0251D3D5DBACDB" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1296,1447,916,941]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EB9A51FFD120ACA7" box="[136,348,952,977]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="14">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
: Kangaroo Ck,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E91851FFD376ACA7" author="Humpage, A. &amp; Gaget, V. &amp; Lau, M. &amp; Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S." box="[522,778,952,977]" pageId="14" refId="ref57565" refString="Humpage, A., Gaget, V., Lau, M., Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S. (2013) CyanoSurvey: a national update on toxic cyanobacteria and their distribution. Final Report Project 1022, Water Research Australia Limited, Adelaide." type="journal volume" year="2013">
Humpage
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(2013)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EBAF519BD37CABF3" blockId="14.[136,1452,160,1157]" pageId="14">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBAF519BD120AC83" bold="true" box="[189,348,988,1013]" pageId="14">Observations</emphasis>
:—Cosmopolitan species; known from every Australian state where it is a common bloom forming species in lakes, reservoirs, and farm dams. Australian populations can produce paralytic shellfish poisons (Humpage
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EB9A5663D0B8AB4B" box="[136,196,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="14">et al.</emphasis>
1994), and taste and odour compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EF365663D55DAB4B" author="Hayes, K. P. &amp; Burch, M. D." box="[1060,1313,1060,1085]" pageId="14" pagination="115 - 121" refId="ref56918" refString="Hayes, K. P. &amp; Burch, M. D. (1989) Odorous compounds associated with algal blooms in South Australian waters. Water Research 23 (1): 115 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0043 - 1354 (89) 90069 - 9" type="journal article" year="1989">Hayes &amp; Burch 1989</bibRefCitation>
). It was the dominant species in a major bloom in the Barwon-Darling River in
<date id="9773106418142609E883560FD48BAB17" box="[913,1271,1096,1121]" pageId="14" value="1991-11" valueMax="1991-12-31" valueMin="1991-11-00">November and December 1991</date>
, which affected almost
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of the system (
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EAFA562BD28FABF3" author="Bowling, L. C. &amp; Baker, P. D." box="[488,755,1132,1157]" pageId="14" pagination="643 - 657" refId="ref54709" refString="Bowling, L. C. &amp; Baker, P. D. (1996) Major cyanobacterial bloom in the Barwon-Darling River, Australia, in 1991, and underlying limnological conditions. Marine and Freshwater Research 47 (4): 643 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / MF 9960643" type="journal article" year="1996">Bowling &amp; Baker 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>