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<document id="808536F6F328C766FE9D859AB46A9E1D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190197" ID-GBIF-Dataset="795ecc39-424a-4d62-8d45-1acf32ce8479" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190197" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461108341095" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harrison, James G." docDate="2009" docId="6151D1301E4EFF9363A6FE5FACD1DB07" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02225p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2225" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Asthenopholis crassa Arrow 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="9D68A9481E42FF9E6331FFF9AD21DF7F" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the African leaf chafer genus Asthenopholis Brenske, 1898 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): a SEM study" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698593895012" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="26F8BB3A70E5E19DA1761CC2E231992D">A taxonomic revision of the African leaf chafer genus Asthenopholis Brenske, 1898 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): a SEM study</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="E94760261E4EFF9263A6FE5FAF18DEBF" blockId="12.[151,1090,422,483]" box="[151,569,422,448]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="B20FD74A1E4EFF9263A6FE5FAF18DEBF" bold="true" box="[151,569,422,448]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF9263A6FE5FAF18DEBF" authority="Arrow, 1902" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,569,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263A6FE5FAF18DEBF" bold="true" box="[151,569,422,448]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263A6FE5FACB9DEBF" bold="true" box="[151,408,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asthenopholis crassa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF9262AFFE5FAF18DEBF" author="Arrow" box="[414,569,422,448]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1902) On rutelid and melolonthid beetles from Mashonaland and East Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, volume 9, 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1902">Arrow, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E94760261E4EFF9263A6FE30A963DE9C" blockId="12.[151,1090,422,483]" box="[151,1090,457,483]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(Figs. 3, 9, 12, 23, 2829, 44, 6468, 9899, 116118, 138139, 156158, 176).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E4EFF9263A6FDEFA96ADD12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E94760261E4EFF9263A6FDEFAE39DD32" blockId="12.[151,1435,534,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9E847081E4EFF9263A6FDEFAE39DD32" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF9263A6FDEFAF3FDD52" authority="Arrow, 1902" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,542,534,557]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263A6FDEFACA6DD52" box="[151,391,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asthenopholis crassus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF9262A0FDEFAF3FDD52" author="Arrow" box="[401,542,534,557]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1902) On rutelid and melolonthid beetles from Mashonaland and East Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, volume 9, 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1902">Arrow, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: (length
<quantity id="2E00CDC31E4EFF9261B1FDEFAFF1DD52" box="[640,720,534,557]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
,
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E4EFF9261EFFDEFAE8FDD52" box="[734,942,534,557]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">British East Africa</collectingCountry>
, Nengia, female
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4EFF92675BFDEFA9E6DD52" box="[1130,1223,534,557]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in BMNH) 9798;
<treatmentCitation id="685946371E4EFF9263F6FDCFAC84DD32" author="Peringuey" box="[199,421,566,589]" page="286" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF9263F6FDCFAC52DD32" author="Peringuey" box="[199,371,566,589]" pageId="12" pageNumber="44" refString="Peringuey, L. (1904) Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa (Lucanidae and Scarabaeidae). Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society, 13, 1 - 293 + 4 plates." type="book chapter" year="1904">Péringuey 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 286
</treatmentCitation>
(key), 288;
<treatmentCitation id="685946371E4EFF926116FDCFAFF3DD32" author="Arrow" box="[551,722,566,589]" page="60" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1917">
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF926116FDCFAF8DDD32" author="Arrow" box="[551,684,566,589]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1917) Some systematic notes on melolonthine Coleoptera. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, volume 19, 59 - 65." type="journal article" year="1917">Arrow 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 60
</treatmentCitation>
(key).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E94760261E4EFF9263A6FDAFA96ADD12" blockId="12.[151,1435,534,621]" box="[151,1099,598,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9E847081E4EFF9263A6FDAFA96ADD12" box="[151,1099,598,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF9263A6FDAFAF2ADD12" authority="Arrow, 1902" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,523,598,621]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263A6FDAFAC5BDD12" box="[151,378,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asthenopholis crassa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF9262B0FDAFAF2ADD12" author="Arrow" box="[385,523,598,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1902) On rutelid and melolonthid beetles from Mashonaland and East Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, volume 9, 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1902">Arrow, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="685946371E4EFF926124FDAFAE20DD12" author="Dalla" box="[533,769,598,621]" page="182" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF926124FDAFAFEEDD12" author="Dalla" box="[533,719,598,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. von (1912) Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae III. Melolonthini, Pars 49, Vol. 20 (4), pp. 135 - 290. In: S. Schenkling (ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, W. Junk, Berlin, 450 pp." type="book chapter" year="1912">Dalla Torre 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 182
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue);
<treatmentCitation id="685946371E4EFF9260BFFDAFA966DD12" author="Moser" box="[910,1095,598,621]" page="342" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF9260BFFDAFA930DD12" author="Moser" box="[910,1041,598,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="44" refString="Moser, J. (1913) Beitrag zur kenntnis der Melolonthiden II. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 57 (5 - 12), 331 - 345." type="journal article" year="1913">Moser 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 342
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E4EFF9263A6FD6FA820D92F" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E94760261E4EFF9263A6FD6FAEE3DC34" blockId="12.[151,1437,662,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263A6FD6FAC3FDDCF" bold="true" box="[151,286,662,688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This is the largest (
<quantity id="2E00CDC31E4EFF926129FD6FAF52DDCF" box="[536,627,662,688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
) known species of
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF926057FD6EA937DDCF" box="[870,1046,663,688]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF926057FD6EA937DDCF" box="[870,1046,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asthenopholis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which superficially resembles
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF9263A6FD44AF51DDA8" authority="Gerstaecker, 1867" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,624,701,727]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Brachylepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263A6FD44ACA5DDA9" box="[151,388,701,726]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brachylepis elephas</emphasis>
(Gerstaecker, 1867)
</taxonomicName>
and is sympatric with this species. It has pointed yellow scales on the pronotum and elytra and the scutellum is without setae or scales (Fig. 98).
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF92671DFD1DA811DD82" box="[1068,1328,740,765]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF92671DFD1DA811DD82" box="[1068,1328,740,765]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asthenopholis crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF9262B1FCF3ACDCDC5C" box="[384,509,778,803]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Brachylepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9262B1FCF3ACDCDC5C" box="[384,509,778,803]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. elephas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having pointed yellow scales rather than almost oval shaped scales, and a bare scutellum, rather than the scale covered scutellum of
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF926070FCC8AE9BDC35" box="[833,954,817,842]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Brachylepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF926070FCC8AE9BDC35" box="[833,954,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. elephas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E94760261E4EFF9263F7FCAEA820D92F" blockId="12.[151,1437,662,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263F7FCAEAC5DDC0E" bold="true" box="[198,380,855,881]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Redescription.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9262B5FCA1AC92DC0E" box="[388,435,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Size</emphasis>
(n =
<specimenCount id="FFFEABAF1E4EFF9262C2FCA1AF73DC0D" box="[499,594,856,882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
; n =
<specimenCount id="FFFEABAF1E4EFF9261BCFCA1AE25DC0D" box="[653,772,856,882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
). Length: males, mean
<quantity id="2E00CDC31E4EFF926724FCA1A9A0DC0D" box="[1045,1153,856,882]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="22.8">22.8 mm</quantity>
, (range 22.025.0 mm), females, 26.0 mm, (range 24.027.0 mm). Width: males
<quantity id="2E00CDC31E4EFF926006FC87AE85DCE7" box="[823,932,894,920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="13.2">13.2 mm</quantity>
, (range 12.014.0 mm), females
<quantity id="2E00CDC31E4EFF92661AFC87A8B9DCE7" box="[1323,1432,894,920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="14.2">14.2 mm</quantity>
, (range 12.015.0 mm).
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF92629AFC5CACDFDCC1" box="[427,510,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colour</emphasis>
(Fig. 3). Cuticle dark brown to black with a covering of off-white scales.
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF92666DFC5CA8BADCC1" box="[1372,1435,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Head</emphasis>
(Figs. 9, 2829): Head uniformly covered with pointed yellow scales, each inset in a coarse puncture. Clypeus with anterior margin slightly reflexed, corners rounded; clypeal margin smooth and weakly elevated; clypeal suture present but indistinct. Raised protuberance situated laterally near eye, surrounded by clump of stiff finer setae intermixed with thicker scales; setae double the scale length. Row of short, almost rounded scales, along posterior margin of head. Females with higher proportion of fine setae to scales. Antenna of male illustrated in Fig. 9.
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF9262ABFB74AF66DBD8" author="Arrow" box="[410,583,1165,1191]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1902) On rutelid and melolonthid beetles from Mashonaland and East Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, volume 9, 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1902">Arrow (1902)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned bright yellow antennae in his female
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4EFF926781FB74A9CBDBD8" box="[1200,1258,1165,1191]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
; this might be apparent in live or fresh specimens those examined here had light brown antennae.
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF926748FB4DA9CFDBB2" box="[1145,1262,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pronotum</emphasis>
(Figs. 44, 64 68): Pronotum ratio 1.61:1 (n = 43); 1.54:1 (n = 5Ƥ). Lateral edges with an obtuse rounded angle in the middle; anterior and posterior margins smooth, lateral margins incised by stiff, long setae (setae finer than on disc), forming an irregularly serrated edge. Disc covered by pointed yellow scales, directed posteriorly.
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263A6FAB6AC2CDA17" box="[151,269,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scutellum</emphasis>
(Figs. 9899): Triangular, posterior apex blunt, surface smooth and without setae, punctation, or prominent sculpture under light microscope, imbricate under SEM. Some females with “V-shaped” incision at apex of scutellum and sparse scattering of very fine punctures (at 400X).
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9260DFFA65A919DACA" box="[1006,1080,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Elytra</emphasis>
(Figs. 116118): Elytral striae very weak, almost absent, about three per elytron. Elytra covered with, uniformly dispersed, fine, yellow scales (thinner and longer than on pronotal disc) except scaleless circular patches situated posterior-laterally (ranging from 04 per elytron).
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF92613EF9E9AF5ED956" box="[527,639,1552,1577]" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Pygidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF92613EF9E9AF5ED956" box="[527,639,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pygidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs. 138139): Covered with long, fine setae; setiferous puncture rims almost contiguous, with setae bent downwards.
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF926035F9CEAE8ED92F" box="[772,943,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Male genitalia</emphasis>
illustrated in Figs. 156158.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E4EFF9263F4F9A4A83DD908" box="[197,1308,1629,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="E94760261E4EFF9263F4F9A4A83DD908" blockId="12.[151,1437,662,2003]" box="[197,1308,1629,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263F4F9A4AF2DD908" bold="true" box="[197,524,1629,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Morphological variability.</emphasis>
Females noticeably larger and with rounder abdomens than males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E4EFF9263F4F97AAC7AD820" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E94760261E4EFF9263F4F97AA861D9BB" blockId="12.[151,1437,662,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263F4F97AAC44D9E2" bold="true" box="[197,357,1667,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known localities from
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E4EFF92614BF97DAFE7D9E1" box="[634,710,1668,1694]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E4EFF9261CFF97DAE46D9E1" box="[766,871,1668,1694]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(Fig. 23). The Simon van Noort record from the Mkomazi Game Reserve (taken at light) provides the most reliable record for recollecting the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E94760261E4EFF9263F4F929AC7AD820" blockId="12.[151,1437,662,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263F4F929AE27D995" bold="true" box="[197,774,1744,1770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Natural history, pest status, and conservation.</emphasis>
Unknown. The phenology of
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF92675DF928A9FBD995" box="[1132,1242,1745,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF92675DF928A9FBD995" box="[1132,1242,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 176) has a similar bimodal pattern as seen in other tropical beetle species, e.g. the dynastine
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF9267F5F901AC3BD847" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Xenodorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janus">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9267F5F901A8BCD86E" box="[1220,1437,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Xenodorus janus</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
, which has a bimodal annual activity period in the tropics, but a unimodal one in southern Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF9263AEF8BCAC6FD820" author="Harrison" box="[159,334,1861,1887]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" refString="Harrison, J. du G. (2008) First documented record of the tropical genus Xenodorus Breme, 1844 in southern Africa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini). Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 45, 101 - 113." type="journal article" year="2008">Harrison 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E4EFF9363F4F892AE25DEBF" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E94760261E4EFF9363F4F892AE3EDFCD" blockId="12.[151,1437,662,2003]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,1144]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4EFF9263F4F892AC1FD8FA" bold="true" box="[197,318,1899,1925]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF926277F895ACD6D8F9" author="Bacchus" box="[326,503,1900,1926]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" refString="Bacchus, M. E. (1974) A catalogue of the type-specimens of the Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) described by G. J. Arrow. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 31 (3), 23 - 44." type="journal article" year="1974">Bacchus (1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4EFF926135F895AF61D8F9" author="Bacchus" box="[516,576,1900,1926]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" refString="Bacchus, M. E. (1978) A catalogue of the type-specimens of the Scarabaeinae (Scarabaeidae) and the smaller Lamellicorn families (Coleoptera) described by G. J. Arrow. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 37 (3), 97 - 115." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
) provided type-specimen catalogues of selected groups of Scarabaeoidea (excluding
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4EFF92622AF86BACE9D8D3" box="[283,456,1938,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Melolonthinae">Melolonthinae</taxonomicName>
) described by G. J. Arrow. He designated
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4EFF926085F86BA90AD8D3" box="[948,1067,1938,1964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
in most cases except where the description and BMNH collection indicated that there was only a single specimen known, in which case these were catalogued as the
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4FFF936299FF61AF2EDFCD" box="[424,527,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4FFF93612FFF61AFE6DFCD" author="Bacchus" box="[542,711,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="43" refString="Bacchus, M. E. (1974) A catalogue of the type-specimens of the Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) described by G. J. Arrow. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 31 (3), 23 - 44." type="journal article" year="1974">Bacchus 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4FFF9361E2FF61AE33DFCD" author="Bacchus" box="[723,786,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="43" refString="Bacchus, M. E. (1978) A catalogue of the type-specimens of the Scarabaeinae (Scarabaeidae) and the smaller Lamellicorn families (Coleoptera) described by G. J. Arrow. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 37 (3), 97 - 115." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E94760261E4FFF9363F4FF47AE25DEBF" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4FFF9363F4FF47AC4BDFA7" author="Arrow" box="[197,362,190,216]" pageId="13" pageNumber="43" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1902) On rutelid and melolonthid beetles from Mashonaland and East Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, volume 9, 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1902">Arrow (1902)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4FFF9362DAFF46AF7BDFA7" box="[491,602,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF9362DAFF46AF7BDFA7" box="[491,602,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a single female specimen based on a single length (
<quantity id="2E00CDC31E4FFF93663BFF47A840DFA7" box="[1290,1377,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
) and this statement in his description “… there is also in our specimen …” However, there is a second male specimen with the exact label and data in the MNHN collection (JduGH111 13), which cannot be regarded as a
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4FFF93639AFECBAC28DE33" box="[171,265,306,332]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, as
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4FFF936205FECBACF4DE33" author="Arrow" box="[308,469,306,332]" pageId="13" pageNumber="43" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1902) On rutelid and melolonthid beetles from Mashonaland and East Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, volume 9, 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1902">Arrow (1902)</bibRefCitation>
made no mention of it. Additionally, all drawers containing BMNH
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4FFF9367C7FECBA8BDDE34" box="[1270,1436,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF9367C7FECBA8BDDE34" box="[1270,1436,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Asthenopholis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens and undetermined African
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4FFF936155FEA0AE35DE0C" box="[612,788,345,371]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Melolonthinae">Melolonthinae</taxonomicName>
were examined by J.duG.H., and no other specimens were found that might be erroneously confused as part of the
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4FFF936094FE79AEFADEE5" box="[933,987,384,410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
series. Consequently, the specimen examined by Arrow is here regarded as the
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4FFF9361A7FE5FAE21DEBF" box="[662,768,422,448]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1E233AD1E4FFF9363F4FE34ACD1DB07" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E94760261E4FFF9363F4FE34A98CDDFD" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF9363F4FE34AEE7DE98" bold="true" box="[197,966,461,487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4FFF9363F4FE34AC22DE98" box="[197,259,461,487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
material examined (
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4FFF93613BFE34AE99DE98" authority="Arrow, 1902" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1902" box="[522,952,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF93613BFE34AE2CDE98" bold="true" box="[522,781,461,487]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Asthenopholis crassa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4FFF936027FE34AE99DE98" author="Arrow" box="[790,952,461,487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="43" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1902) On rutelid and melolonthid beetles from Mashonaland and East Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, volume 9, 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1902">Arrow, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
):
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4FFF9360FFFE34A961DE98" box="[974,1088,461,487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF93677DFE34A995DE98" bold="true" box="[1100,1204,461,487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E4FFF93677DFE34A995DE98" box="[1100,1204,461,487]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">KENYA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, “
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4FFF9367FFFE34A82DDE98" box="[1230,1292,461,487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
[typed onto white disk surrounded by a red circle] / Nengia [? Ngenia School], B[ritish]. E[ast]. AF[rica]. [
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E4FFF936617FE0DA85ADD71" box="[1318,1403,500,526]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kenya</collectingCountry>
] // 1900.194 [written onto reverse side] /
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4FFF936168FDE3AE95DD4B" authority="Arrow" authorityName="Arrow" box="[601,948,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF936168FDE3AE7FDD4C" box="[601,862,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Asthenopholis crassus</emphasis>
Arrow
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4FFF93608EFDE3AED0DD4B" box="[959,1009,538,564]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
[written by Arrow onto faded white card] / JduGH110 /
<typeStatus id="3643DE841E4FFF9362B4FDB8ACD5DD24" box="[389,500,577,603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
Ƥ,
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4FFF936112FDB8AEE2DD24" authority="Arrow, 1902" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1902" box="[547,963,577,603]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF936112FDB8AE00DD25" box="[547,801,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Asthenopholis crassa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D691DD71E4FFF93601BFDB8AEE2DD24" author="Arrow" box="[810,963,577,603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="43" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1902) On rutelid and melolonthid beetles from Mashonaland and East Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, volume 9, 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1902">Arrow, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, det J. du G. Harrison 2009” [specimen condition: undamaged except for abrasion of anterior, lateral elytral scales] (1Ƥ
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF936772FD91A980DDFD" box="[1091,1185,616,642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E94760261E4FFF9363F4FD77ACD1DB07" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF9363F4FD77AF1DDDD7" bold="true" box="[197,572,654,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Additional material examined</emphasis>
(Σ22, 43, 9Ƥ, 9 unsexed).
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF9360B0FD77AEC9DDD7" bold="true" box="[897,1000,654,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E4FFF9360B0FD77AEC9DDD7" box="[897,1000,654,680]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">KENYA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Nengia [? Ngenia School], B[ritish]. E[ast]. AF[rica]. // 1900.194 [written onto reverse side] / JduGH111 (13
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF936712FD4CA9A4DDB0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1059,1157,693,719]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNHN</collectionCode>
). Matiri,
<date id="9D4646E61E4FFF9367C7FD4CA852DDB0" box="[1270,1395,693,719]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1983-06-11">6.11.1983</date>
, R. Mourglia 0 3364 /
<quantity id="2E00CDC31E4FFF936244FD25ACF0DD89" box="[373,465,732,758]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
/ Meru Distr. JduGH116, (2Ƥ
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF93607DFD25AE8BDD89" box="[844,938,732,758]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MRAC</collectionCode>
); Matiri [Mitunguruu], 3
<date id="9D4646E61E4FFF9367D6FD25A855DD89" box="[1255,1396,732,758]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1988-11-13">13.11.1988</date>
, R. Mourglia
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E4FFF93623CFCFBAC7FDC63" box="[269,350,770,796]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, Meru, Matiri (Mitunguruu) / JduGH114, (1Ƥ
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF9360BEFCFBAECBDC63" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[911,1002,770,796]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">LACM</collectionCode>
); Matiri [Mitunguu],
<date id="9D4646E61E4FFF9367DAFCFBA852DC63" box="[1259,1395,770,796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1982-10-18">18.10.1982</date>
, R. Mourglia mt. 800 / JduGH115, (1Ƥ
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF93617BFCD0AF86DC3C" box="[586,679,809,835]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MRAC</collectionCode>
); Mtito Andej, xii.[19]91, K. Werner (2 unsexed
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF9367C4FCD0A86CDC3C" box="[1269,1357,809,835]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TMSA</collectionCode>
); Tana River, G.B. Babault
<date id="9D4646E61E4FFF9362B6FCA9AF21DC15" box="[391,512,848,874]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1915-05">May 1915</date>
/ Museum Paris, Coll. Guy Babault, 1930 /
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4FFF93673EFCA9A9FEDC15" authority="Arrow" authorityName="Arrow" box="[1039,1247,848,874]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF93673EFCA9A9A8DC16" box="[1039,1161,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. crassus</emphasis>
Arrow
</taxonomicName>
, det. J. Decelle, 1978 / JduGH112 (1Ƥ
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF93629CFC8FAF2ADCEF" box="[429,523,886,912]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MRAC</collectionCode>
); Thika River, G.B. Babault
<date id="9D4646E61E4FFF936055FC8FAEC9DCEF" box="[868,1000,886,912]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1915-04">April 1915</date>
/ Museum Paris, Coll. Guy Babault 1930 /
<taxonomicName id="2EF81BA51E4FFF9363DBFC64AC9ADCC8" authority="Arrow" authorityName="Arrow" box="[234,443,925,951]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Asthenopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF9363DBFC64AC44DCC9" box="[234,357,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. crassus</emphasis>
Arrow
</taxonomicName>
, det. J. Decelle, 1978 / JduGH113 (1Ƥ
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF9360A3FC64AED3DCC8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[914,1010,925,951]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNHN</collectionCode>
); Unoa, Nziu C.G. MacArthur, Dec. [19]38 /
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E4FFF9363CAFC3DAC66DCA1" box="[251,327,964,990]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kenya</collectingCountry>
Natl. Mus. Exchange / JduGH117 (1Ƥ
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF936024FC3DAE4EDCA1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" box="[789,879,964,990]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">UNSM</collectionCode>
).
<collectingCountry id="91EF20B61E4FFF9360B3FC3AA93DDCA2" box="[898,1052,963,989]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF9360B3FC3AA93DDCA2" bold="true" box="[898,1052,963,989]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TANZANIA</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
. Mkomazi Game Reserve, Ibaya Camp,
<date id="9D4646E61E4FFF9363DCFC13AC55DB7B" box="[237,372,1002,1028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1995-11-24">24.11.1995</date>
, S. van Noort, light trap, bushveld and grassland / SAM-COL A043437 / JduGH118 (13 1Ƥ
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF9363F4FBE8AC3EDB54" box="[197,287,1041,1067]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SAMC</collectionCode>
); nr [near] Same,
<date id="9D4646E61E4FFF9362C8FBE8AFA2DB54" box="[505,643,1041,1067]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1994-11-11">11.11.1994</date>
, K. Werner / JduGH120 (7 unsexed 13
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF93675DFBE8A98BDB54" box="[1132,1194,1041,1067]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SEM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF936783FBE8A82ADB54" box="[1202,1291,1041,1067]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TMSA</collectionCode>
); Pare Mts.,
<quantity id="2E00CDC31E4FFF9363A6FBC1ADD3DB2D" box="[151,242,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="9D4646E61E4FFF9363CCFBC1AC4EDB2D" box="[253,367,1080,1106]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1990-01">Jan. 1990</date>
, K. Werner / JduGH119, (1Ƥ
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF9361FBFBC1AE07DB2D" box="[714,806,1080,1106]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MRAC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="DB8CBC341E4FFF936009FBCEA922DB2E" bold="true" box="[824,1027,1079,1105]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">No locality data.</emphasis>
Not legible, Nevinson Coll. 1918 14 / JduGH121 (13
<collectionCode id="8FE9F8E31E4FFF9362B7FBA7ACC5DB07" box="[390,484,1118,1144]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>