202 lines
18 KiB
XML
202 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.631.10718" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2905797b-e30d-43ad-b18d-457dd91222a5" ID-PMC="PMC5126506" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-631-1" ID-PubMed="27917044" ID-ZBK="FB2CA1FF5A5A4168AB6BA8ABD0CCD7B4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-631-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 631" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the shore-fly genus Lamproclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" checkinTime="1479189054279" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Costa, Daniel N. R., Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane" docDate="2016" docId="5921D36942C69CB45465E0DD0FBF97E1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 631: 1-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 631" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.631.10718" docTitle="Lamproclasiopa fumipennis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="BC2F4026FF90FFE0BD38FFF8FFB5FFF0" masterDocTitle="A revision of the shore-fly genus Lamproclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1668163692094" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the shore-fly genus Lamproclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Costa, Daniel N. R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>631</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.631.10718</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.631.10718</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-631-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">FB2CA1FF5A5A4168AB6BA8ABD0CCD7B4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FB2CA1FF5A5A4168AB6BA8ABD0CCD7B4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127900955" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5921D36942C69CB45465E0DD0FBF97E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5921D36942C69CB45465E0DD0FBF97E1" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Ephydridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wirth" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproclasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lamproclasiopa fumipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Lamproclasiopa fumipennis (Wirth)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 132, 139
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina (Basila) fumipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis" subGenus="Basila">Discocerina (Basila) fumipennis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, WW" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="51 - 72" title="Los Insectos de las Islas Juan Fernandez. 20. Ephydridae (Diptera)." volume="4" year="1955">Wirth 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 53;
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<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, WW" editor="Papavero, N" journalOrPublisher="Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 43" title="77. Family Ephydridae." volumeTitle="A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 7 [Neotropical catalog].
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<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 423" title="A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="4" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 165 [world catalog].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproclasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lamproclasiopa fumipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Lamproclasiopa fumipennis</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Zatwarnicki, T" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warsaw)" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="5 - 51" title="A generic classification of the tribe Discocerinini (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="51" year="2001">Zatwarnicki and Mathis 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 39 [generic combination].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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(based on
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wirth’s">Wirth's</normalizedToken>
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original description). This species is distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characters: Moderately small shore flies, body length about 3.00 mm; generally subshiny, blackish; sides of body with more or less dull brown microtomentum. Head: 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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broader than high. Frons 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as broad as long; frons and occiput densely brown microtomentose; 1 pair of proclinate and 1 pair of reclinate fronto-orbitals, ocellar setae more widely separated than posterior ocelli, situated at a level about midway between bases of fronto-orbitals and anterior ocellus; pseudopostocellar setae 1/2 length of ocellar setae; medial and lateral vertical seta well developed. Basal flagellomere and palpus yellowish brown; arista with 5 dorsal rays. Face, parafacials, and gena gray, microtomentose; 2 pairs of strong facial setae; a row of very fine setulae at each parafacial suture; parafacial narrow, bare. Thorax: Mesonotal and discal setulae numerous and unordered; notopleuron and anepisternum with sparse setulae. A pair of strong humeral setae; notopleural setae strong, both pairs located near notopleural suture, anterior pair slightly closer to posterior pair than to humeral setae; presutural setae, supra-alar setae and prescutellar setae well developed; a somewhat weaker pair of postalar setae; lateral and apical pairs of scutellar setae each about as long as prescutellar setae. Wing densely brown infuscate (Fig. 132), veins blackish; costal section II 2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as section III; apex of vein R3+4 not noticeably curved into costa. Halter with yellow knob. Knees narrowly pale brownish; basal 2 tarsomeres yellowish, apical 3 brown; setae and setulae of legs and abdomen rather strong; no flexor armature on femora. Abdomen: Tergites more sparsely microtomentose than mesonotum, shinier black or brown, especially laterally and mostly of tergites 4 and 5. Male terminalia: Epandrium in posterior view generally oval, higher than wide, dorsal portion thin, gradually becoming wider ventrally, widest subapically, apex tapered, rounded pointed, apex and dorsal half bearing more setulae, in lateral view with dorsal half almost parallel sided, ventral portion expanded, with rounded ventral margin and shallow, anterior point subapically; cerci in posterior view elongate, thin, ventral half tapered to acute point, slightly curved, setulose on dorsal half, in lateral view elongate, thin, dorsal half wider than ventral portion, tapered toward ventral apex; in about as wide as long, narrower dorsally and ventrally, widest at midheight, each lateral arm widest ventrally, ventral margin mostly evenly rounded, with a shallow medioventral
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<pageBreakToken pageId="85" pageNumber="86" start="start">extension</pageBreakToken>
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, more or less evenly setulose along length; cercus narrowly hemispherical, slightly curved, gradually tapered toward ventral apex; gonite in lateral view rod-like, shallowly arched, apices tapered, with broad, short process beyond midlength, in ventral view irregularly V-shaped, arm toward aedeagal base much longer, tapered, more basal arm short, digitiform; aedeagus in lateral view narrowly funnel-like, wider basally, apical half tapered to narrow, parallel-sided extension, in ventral view elongate, thin, tapered very gradually from base to apex, narrow apex rounded, base arched; phallapodeme in lateral view L shaped, each arm tapered to narrowed apex, keel at angle, slightly extended, in ventral view narrowly spindle shaped, apices expanded, end toward hypandrium bifurcate; hypandrium in lateral view rod-like, shallowly arched, in ventral view with anterior half robustly developed, more or less quadrate, anterolateral corners rounded, anterior margin shallowly emarginated, posterior extensions elongate, tapered, posterior margin deeply emarginate, V-shaped.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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Figure 132.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproclasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lamproclasiopa fumipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Lamproclasiopa fumipennis</taxonomicName>
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(Wirth). (Chile.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
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: Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands) Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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The holotype female of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina (Basila) fumipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis" subGenus="Basila">Discocerina (Basila) fumipennis</taxonomicName>
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Wirth is labeled "Chile. Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands, Masatierra, Plazoleta del Yunque (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-33.646667">33°38.8'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-78.835">78°50.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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); HT ♀, UMCE]." Holotype female, allotype male, Masatierra, Plazoleta del Yunque, 200 meters, 9 January 1952, (in dense forest).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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CHILE.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
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: Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands, Robinson Crusoe Island (Plazoleta, trail sweep;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-33.646667">33°38.8'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-78.83833">78°50.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1-8 Jan 1993, S. A. Marshall (17♂, 2♀; DEBU, USNM); (quebrada S side Mirador, fern forest, 20 pans;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-33.645">33°38.7'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-78.85167">78°51.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1-10 Jan 1993, S. A. Marshall (1♂; DEBU); (El Yunque Trail;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-33.65">33°39'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-78.84333">78°50.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 9 Jan 1993, S. A. Marshall (4♂; USNM); (English Bay;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-33.62">33°37.2'S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-78.848335">78°50.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 5 Jan 1993, S. A. Marshall (1♂, 1♀; DEBU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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Chile.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
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: Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands, Masatierra, Plazoleta del Yunque (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-33.646667">33°38.8'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-78.835">78°50.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 200 m; dense forest).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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(Fig. 139). Neotropical: Chile (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
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: Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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Our diagnosis of this species is partially based on
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wirth’s">Wirth's</normalizedToken>
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original description (1955), as we have not been given access to the holotype, which is a female, or to the male paratype, which Wirth designated as the allotype.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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When
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<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, WW" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="51 - 72" title="Los Insectos de las Islas Juan Fernandez. 20. Ephydridae (Diptera)." volume="4" year="1955">Wirth (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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described this species, he wrote the following as a comparative diagnosis. This species is (p. 54) "Most closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina (Basila) puella" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puella" subGenus="Basila">Discocerina (Basila) puella</taxonomicName>
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(Cresson) from Chile, but that species has the wings hyaline, the body much duller, microtomentose above and the tarsi entirely yellow.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina (Basila) polita" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita" subGenus="Basila">Discocerina (Basila) polita</taxonomicName>
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(Edwards) from Chile is a polished, metallic black species with hyaline wings."
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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We concur with Wirth that this species is indeed closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproclasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lamproclasiopa puella" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puella">Lamproclasiopa puella</taxonomicName>
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and suggest, further, that these two
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“species”">"species"</normalizedToken>
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may be conspecific. Externally there are some differences, as Wirth noted and as we have confirmed herein (see key and respective diagnoses). Moreover, we have observed that these external differences, although slight, are consistent. The populations are separable. The shapes of structures of the male terminalia, however, are essentially the same for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproclasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lamproclasiopa puella" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puella">Lamproclasiopa puella</taxonomicName>
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and the darkened specimens from the Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands. Thus, while we have observed that a level of genetic diversification has occurred in the island populations, the question of whether it is sufficient to represent speciation remains an open question-the dilemma of diversified,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="start">allopatric</pageBreakToken>
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populations. For the present, we are continuing to recognize the populations from the islands as a separate species, especially as we have not been able to study the type series.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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Our records indicate that this is the only congener known to occur on the Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |