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<document id="79F6A6A074455147C02BF9EBE871A071" ID-CLB-Dataset="5865" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3776.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fffc3d5c-425a-47ab-9bb5-c4e1e130ce3c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5047863" ID-ZooBank="20BC10E3-3C51-4EBB-A5BD-5E214595D3A7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623116601643" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="MAŠÁN, PETER &amp; HALLIDAY, BRUCE" docDate="2014" docId="52084A62FFAFFFA4FF236B929ECBF98F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03776p066.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3776 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3776.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pachylaelaps Berlese 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="AE31321AFFB2FFB9FFB46A229C14FF97" masterDocTitle="Review of the mite family Pachylaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1699003767918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A915ABEF9705CE9B024B61577386C9AC">Review of the mite family Pachylaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA97309D5BB30B05472B9804F4D6EA92">MAŠÁN, PETER</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C866C5D501F871CF256798D177FB04EB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="52084A62FFAFFFA4FF236B929ECBF98F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056158" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183231830" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056158" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52084A62FFAFFFA4FF236B929ECBF98F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/52084A62FFAFFFA4FF236B929ECBF98F" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="92BBA8FFFFAFFFA4FF236B929E2DFE5D" box="[151,569,431,458]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FFAFFFA4FF236B929E2DFE5D" blockId="29.[151,569,431,458]" box="[151,569,431,458]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FF236B929E2DFE5D" bold="true" box="[151,569,431,458]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FF5A6B8D9E2DFE5D" ID-CoL="8W4W4" authority="Berlese, 1888" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[238,569,431,458]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FF5A6B8D9D99FE5E" bold="true" box="[238,397,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FE216B929E2DFE5D" author="Berlese, A." bookContentInfo="17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10" box="[405,569,432,458]" journalOrPublisher="Junk, The Hague" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" part="51" refId="ref38645" refString="Berlese, A. (1888 a) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta, 51, 17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10. (Reprint by Junk, The Hague, 1979)." title="Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta" type="book" year="1888">Berlese, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FFAFFFA4FF236BD49DECFD9B" blockId="29.[151,1285,502,555]" box="[151,504,502,524]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FAB1DC5AFFAFFFA4FF236BD49DECFD9B" box="[151,504,502,524]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitation id="5B00DD65FFAFFFA4FF236BD49DE7FD9B" author="Berlese, A." box="[151,499,502,524]" page="196" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1888">
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FF236BD49DE7FD9B" ID-CoL="8W4W4" authority="Berlese, 1888 b: 196" authorityName="Berlese" authorityPageNumber="196" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,499,502,524]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FF236BD49D34FD9B" box="[151,288,502,524]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FE916BD49DE7FD9B" author="Berlese" box="[293,499,502,524]" firstAuthor="Berlese" page="196" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="171 - 222" refId="ref38685" refString="Berlese, A. (1888 b) Acari austro-americani quos collegit Aloysius Balzan. Manipulus primus. Species novas circiter quinquaginta complectens. Bolletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 20, 171 - 222 + Plates 5 - 13." type="journal article" year="1888" yearSuffix="b">Berlese, 1888b: 196</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="92BBA8FFFFAFFFA4FF2368349ECBF98F" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FFAFFFA4FF2368349911FDBC" blockId="29.[151,1285,502,555]" box="[151,1285,533,555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="051A45D6FFAFFFA4FF2368349CDDFDBC" box="[151,201,534,555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FEAB68379EA4FDBC" authority="G. Canestrini, 1881" authorityName="G. Canestrini" authorityYear="1881" box="[287,688,533,555]" class="Arachnida" family="Ascidae" genus="Gamasus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinifer">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FEAB68379DF0FDBC" box="[287,484,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gamasus pectinifer</emphasis>
G.
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FDB268379EA4FDBC" author="Canestrini" box="[518,688,533,555]" firstAuthor="Canestrini" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1077 - 1086" refId="ref39536" refString="Canestrini, G. &amp; Canestrini, R. (1881) Nuove specie del genere Gamasus. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (Series 5), 7, 1077 - 1086 + Plate VIII." type="journal article" year="1881">Canestrini, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FC6768379877FDBC" author="Berlese" box="[979,1123,533,555]" firstAuthor="Berlese" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="299 - 474" refId="ref38913" refString="Berlese, A. (1904) Illustrazione iconografica degli Acari mirmecofili. Redia, 1, 299 - 474 + Plates VII - XX." type="journal article" year="1904">Berlese, 1904</bibRefCitation>
), but see below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FFAFFFA4FF2368759D7BFB1A" blockId="29.[151,1436,599,1560]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The
<typeStatus id="051A45D6FFAFFFA4FF64687A9D14FDE7" box="[208,256,600,624]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FE2568759E3CFDE7" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[401,552,599,624]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FE2568759E3CFDE7" box="[401,552,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is always said to be
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FC8C687A991BFDE7" authority="G. Canestrini, 1881" authorityName="G. Canestrini" authorityYear="1881" box="[824,1295,599,624]" class="Arachnida" family="Ascidae" genus="Gamasus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinifer">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FC8C687A980CFDE7" box="[824,1048,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gamasus pectinifer</emphasis>
G.
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FBF86875991BFDE7" author="Canestrini" box="[1100,1295,599,624]" firstAuthor="Canestrini" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1077 - 1086" refId="ref39536" refString="Canestrini, G. &amp; Canestrini, R. (1881) Nuove specie del genere Gamasus. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (Series 5), 7, 1077 - 1086 + Plate VIII." type="journal article" year="1881">Canestrini, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but that is impossible. The genus name
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FE5B685E9E92FD02" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[495,646,636,661]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FE5B685E9E92FD02" box="[495,646,636,661]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first used by
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FCD3685E980CFD02" author="Berlese" box="[871,1048,636,661]" firstAuthor="Berlese" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="171 - 222" refId="ref38685" refString="Berlese, A. (1888 b) Acari austro-americani quos collegit Aloysius Balzan. Manipulus primus. Species novas circiter quinquaginta complectens. Bolletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 20, 171 - 222 + Plates 5 - 13." type="journal article" year="1888" yearSuffix="b">Berlese (1888b</bibRefCitation>
, 30 November, date from
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FAE0685E9CC7FD2F" author="Poggi" firstAuthor="Poggi" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="157 - 188" refId="ref44498" refString="Poggi, R. (2008) Le date di stampa dei periodici editi dalla Societa Entomologica Italiana dal 1869 al 2007. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 87, 157 - 188. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4081 / memoriesei. 2008.157" type="journal article" year="2008">Poggi, 2008</bibRefCitation>
), with two included species,
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FDA968BD9FB8FD2F" authority="Berlese, 1888" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[541,940,671,696]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haeros">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FDA968BD9F13FD2F" box="[541,775,671,696]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps haeros</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FCA468BD9FB8FD2F" author="Berlese, A." bookContentInfo="17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10" box="[784,940,671,696]" journalOrPublisher="Junk, The Hague" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" part="51" refId="ref38645" refString="Berlese, A. (1888 a) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta, 51, 17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10. (Reprint by Junk, The Hague, 1979)." title="Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta" type="book" year="1888">Berlese, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FC5168BD998CFD2F" authority="Berlese, 1888" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[997,1432,671,696]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athleticus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FC5168BD98E5FD2F" box="[997,1265,671,696]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps athleticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FB4E68BD998CFD2F" author="Berlese, A." bookContentInfo="17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10" box="[1274,1432,671,696]" journalOrPublisher="Junk, The Hague" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" part="51" refId="ref38645" refString="Berlese, A. (1888 a) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta, 51, 17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10. (Reprint by Junk, The Hague, 1979)." title="Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta" type="book" year="1888">Berlese, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="051A45D6FFAFFFA4FF7E68E69CEEFD4B" box="[202,250,708,732]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus must therefore be either
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FD4A68E79F71FD4A" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[766,869,708,733]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haeros">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FD4A68E79F18FD4B" box="[766,780,709,732]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FCAE68E69F71FD4A" box="[794,869,708,733]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">haeros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FC3868E79801FD4A" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[908,1045,708,733]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athleticus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FC3868E79F8EFD4B" box="[908,922,709,732]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FC1C68E69801FD4A" box="[936,1045,708,733]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">athleticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FB9068E698EAFD4A" authorityName="G. Canestrini" authorityYear="1881" box="[1060,1278,708,733]" class="Arachnida" family="Ascidae" genus="Gamasus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinifer">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FB9068E698EAFD4A" box="[1060,1278,708,733]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gamasus pectinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be the
<typeStatus id="051A45D6FFAFFFA4FF2368CA9CD3FC97" box="[151,199,744,768]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus because it was not one of the species originally included when the genus was described (
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FF14692E9EADFCB2" box="[160,697,780,805]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</emphasis>
, Article 67.2). Only ten days later
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FBF0692E98E4FCB2" author="Berlese" box="[1092,1264,780,805]" firstAuthor="Berlese" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref38645" refString="Berlese, A. (1888 a) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta, 51, 17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10. (Reprint by Junk, The Hague, 1979)." type="book" year="1888" yearSuffix="a">Berlese (1888a</bibRefCitation>
, 10 December) redescribed the genus and added a third species, &quot;
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FD5969129FA6FCD0" box="[749,946,816,839]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gamase Savignii</emphasis>
&quot;, apparently referring to
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FB5769129D5CFCFA" authority="Audouin, 1826" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Ascidae" genus="Acarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savignyi">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FB576912998FFCD0" box="[1251,1435,816,839]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Acarus savignyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FF2369769D5CFCFA" author="Audouin" box="[151,328,852,877]" firstAuthor="Audouin" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="99 - 186" refId="ref38460" refString="Audouin, V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches arachnides de l'Egypte et de la Syrie. In: Savigny, J. C. (Ed.) Description de l'Egypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui ont ete Faites en Egypte Pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise, Volume 8, Histoire Naturelle I, C. L. F. Panckoucke, Paris, pp. 99 - 186." type="book chapter" year="1826">Audouin, 1826</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FEE269769E19FCFA" author="Berlese" box="[342,525,852,877]" firstAuthor="Berlese" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref38806" refString="Berlese, A. (1892 c) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta. Ordo Mesostigmata (Gamasidae). (Sumptibus Auctoris, Patavii). 143 pp." type="book" year="1892" yearSuffix="c">Berlese (1892c)</bibRefCitation>
then moved
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FD1969779F0DFCFA" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[685,793,852,877]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haeros">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FD1969779EAFFCFB" box="[685,699,853,876]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FD7A69769F0DFCFA" box="[718,793,852,877]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">haeros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FCED69779FF3FCFA" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[857,999,852,877]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athleticus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FCED69779F73FCFB" box="[857,871,853,876]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FCCE69769FF3FCFA" box="[890,999,852,877]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">athleticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into his new subgenus
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FAB169769D45FC07" authority="" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Megalolaelaps">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FAB169769988FCFA" box="[1285,1436,852,877]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FF1469559D52FC07" box="[160,326,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and placed
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FE4D695A9E98FC07" authorityName="G. Canestrini" authorityYear="1881" box="[505,652,887,912]" class="Arachnida" family="Ascidae" genus="Gamasus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinifer">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FE4D695A9E1EFC18" box="[505,522,888,911]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FD9569559E98FC07" box="[545,652,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">pectinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FD7769559801FC07" authority="(Pachylaelaps)" box="[707,1045,887,912]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pachylaelaps">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FD7769559F4EFC07" box="[707,858,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FCC76955981EFC07" box="[883,1034,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This arrangement would make
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FF2369BE9DFBFC22" authority="" box="[151,495,924,949]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Megalolaelaps">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FF2369BE9D3AFC22" box="[151,302,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FE8B69BE9DF1FC22" box="[319,485,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
an objective junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FCD069BE98BAFC22" authority="(Pachylaelaps)" box="[868,1198,924,949]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pachylaelaps">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FCD069BE9FEFFC22" box="[868,1019,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FBB869BE98B7FC22" box="[1036,1187,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FB0869BE9977FC22" author="Berlese" box="[1212,1379,924,949]" firstAuthor="Berlese" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="299 - 474" refId="ref38913" refString="Berlese, A. (1904) Illustrazione iconografica degli Acari mirmecofili. Redia, 1, 299 - 474 + Plates VII - XX." type="journal article" year="1904">Berlese (1904)</bibRefCitation>
then re-described
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FE9F699D9DD6FC4F" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[299,450,959,984]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FE9F699D9DD6FC4F" box="[299,450,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yet again, and stated that its
<typeStatus id="051A45D6FFAFFFA4FCAE69E29F5EFC4F" box="[794,842,960,984]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species was
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FC5069E39878FC4F" authorityName="G. Canestrini" authorityYear="1881" box="[996,1132,959,984]" class="Arachnida" family="Ascidae" genus="Gamasus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinifer">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FC5069E39FE6FC4F" box="[996,1010,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FBB6699D9878FC4F" box="[1026,1132,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">pectinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. That invalid
<typeStatus id="051A45D6FFAFFFA4FAA569E29955FC4F" box="[1297,1345,960,984]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species designation has been followed ever since.
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FDC069C69F4AFC6A" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[628,862,996,1021]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haeros">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FDC069C69F4AFC6A" box="[628,862,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps haeros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FC2269C79834FC6A" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[918,1056,996,1021]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athleticus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FC2269C79FB0FC6B" box="[918,932,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FC0769C69834FC6A" box="[947,1056,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">athleticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are both now placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FF236E259D29FBB7" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,317,1031,1056]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FF236E259D29FBB7" box="[151,317,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is the
<typeStatus id="051A45D6FFAFFFA4FE6B6E2A9E1BFBB7" box="[479,527,1032,1056]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
genus of the family
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FD4A6E259FDDFBB7" box="[766,969,1031,1056]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megalolaelapidae</taxonomicName>
. The use of either of these species as the
<typeStatus id="051A45D6FFAFFFA4FF236E0E9CD3FBD3" box="[151,199,1068,1092]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FEF66E0E9DCDFBD2" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[322,473,1068,1093]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FEF66E0E9DCDFBD2" box="[322,473,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would seriously disrupt the taxonomic concept of the genus, which has been stable for over 100 years. We therefore maintain the current usage of
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FC826E739FAAFBFF" authorityName="G. Canestrini" authorityYear="1881" box="[822,958,1103,1128]" class="Arachnida" family="Ascidae" genus="Gamasus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinifer">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FC826E739F50FBFF" box="[822,836,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FCE66E6D9FAAFBFF" box="[850,958,1103,1128]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">pectinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="051A45D6FFAFFFA4FBBA6E72982AFBFF" box="[1038,1086,1104,1128]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FB0A6E6D9941FBFF" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[1214,1365,1103,1128]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FB0A6E6D9941FBFF" box="[1214,1365,1103,1128]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the interest of stability.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FFAFFFA4FF7D6EB5988CFAF2" blockId="29.[151,1436,599,1560]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Further re-descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FE456EB59E9CFB27" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[497,648,1175,1200]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FE456EB59E9CFB27" box="[497,648,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were provided by
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FCEA6EBA9848FB27" author="Evans &amp; Hyatt" box="[862,1116,1175,1200]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="118 - 129" refId="ref40346" refString="Evans, G. O. &amp; Hyatt, K. H. (1956) British mites of the genus Pachylaelaps Berlese (Gamasina - Pachylaelaptidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 92, 118 - 129." type="journal article" year="1956">Evans &amp; Hyatt (1956)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FBDD6EB598EFFB27" author="Costa" box="[1129,1275,1175,1200]" firstAuthor="Costa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="253 - 277" refId="ref39861" refString="Costa, M. (1971) Mites of the genus Pachylaelaps Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata, Pachylaelapidae) from litter in Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 20, 253 - 277." type="journal article" year="1971">
<collectingRegion id="18653596FFAFFFA4FBDD6EB598BDFB27" box="[1129,1193,1175,1200]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Costa</collectingRegion>
(1971)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FA806EB59CE6FB42" author="Koroleva" firstAuthor="Koroleva" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="411 - 483" refId="ref42472" refString="Koroleva, E. V. (1977 b) Family Pachylaelaptidae Vitzthum, 1931. In: Ghilyarov, M. S. &amp; Bregetova, N. G. (Eds) Key to the Soil Inhabiting Mites. Mesostigmata, Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 411 - 483." type="book chapter" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Koroleva (1977b)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FFAFFFA4FF4A6E9E9DB3FB42" author="Masan" box="[254,423,1212,1237]" firstAuthor="Masan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref43485" refString="Masan, P. (2007 a) A Review of the Family Pachylaelapidae in Slovakia, with Systematics and Ecology of European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Eviphidoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 247 pp." type="book" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">Mašán (2007a)</bibRefCitation>
clarified the concept of the genus
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FC986E9E9FD7FB42" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[812,963,1212,1237]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FC986E9E9FD7FB42" box="[812,963,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by removing some species that obviously belong in other genera (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FE7A6EFD9E4FFB6F" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1904" box="[462,603,1247,1272]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Onchodellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FE7A6EFD9E4FFB6F" box="[462,603,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Onchodellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FDDD6EFD9EE6FB6F" authorityName="Masan" authorityYear="2007" box="[617,754,1247,1272]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachydellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FDDD6EFD9EE6FB6F" box="[617,754,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachydellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and described the new subgenus
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FBC16EFD995EFB6F" authorityName="Masan" authorityYear="2007" box="[1141,1354,1247,1272]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Longipachylaelaps">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FBC16EFD995EFB6F" box="[1141,1354,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Longipachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which may be easily separated from
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FE466F269E9DFA8A" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[498,649,1284,1309]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FE466F269E9DFA8A" box="[498,649,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3E69A1DFFAFFFA4FD266F269EDBFA8C" box="[658,719,1284,1307]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the presence of normal needle-like clunal setae J5 (minute microsetae in
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FEF46F059DC3FAD7" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[320,471,1319,1344]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FEF46F059DC3FAD7" box="[320,471,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3E69A1DFFAFFFA4FE576F0A9E31FAD7" box="[483,549,1319,1344]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) and only one pair of hypertrophied slit-like gland openings gdS4 on the posterolateral margin of the dorsal shield (two pairs gdZ1 and gdS
<quantity id="1D595691FFAFFFA4FCCA6F6E9FBDFAF2" box="[894,937,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FC1B6F6E9852FAF2" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[943,1094,1356,1381]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FC1B6F6E9852FAF2" box="[943,1094,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3E69A1DFFAFFFA4FBF96F6E989FFAF2" box="[1101,1163,1356,1381]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FFAFFFA4FF7D6F4D9ECBF98F" blockId="29.[151,1436,599,1560]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FF7D6F4D9D74FA1F" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[201,352,1391,1416]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FF7D6F4D9D74FA1F" box="[201,352,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be now easily identified by the following characters: (1) sperm access system of females associated with coxae IV (
<figureCitation id="429AE7F1FFAFFFA4FE086FB69E15FA3A" box="[444,513,1428,1453]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1483,1506]" captionTargetBox="[207,1376,576,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-633@9.[191,1392,561,1447]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Pachylaelapidae species, females, coxae III and IV showing attachment of sperm induction tubes. 1. Onchodellus slovacus; 2. Pachydellus sculptus; 3. Olopachys suecicus; 4. Pachylaelaps longulus. Based on Mašán (2007a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5047865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5047865/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); (2) female tarsus II with two spur-like distal setae, pl1 and pl2; (3) genu I with 13 setae; and (4) tibial projections on male palp present (except for species of
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FFAFFFA4FBA16F959937FA47" baseAuthorityName="G. Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1045,1315,1463,1488]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinifer">
<emphasis id="E8D52766FFAFFFA4FBA16F959937FA47" box="[1045,1315,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pachylaelaps pectinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group). It currently comprises up to 60 known species found mostly in the Palaearctic Region, and only rarely in Africa, North America,
<collectingCountry id="A2B6BBE4FFAFFFA4FEF96FDD9DA0F98F" box="[333,436,1535,1560]" name="Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Australia</collectingCountry>
and South Pacific Islands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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