154 lines
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154 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="488B49F5B63D5D42999C825F1640AE4D" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (= A. agallocha Roxb.)" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="163" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="162" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182396309" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:488B49F5B63D5D42999C825F1640AE4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/488B49F5B63D5D42999C825F1640AE4D" lastPageId="162" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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<subSubSection pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName LSID="488B49F5-B63D-5D42-999C-825F1640AE4D" authority="Lam. (= A. agallocha Roxb.)" authorityName="Lam. (= A. agallocha Roxb.)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Aquilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aquilaria malaccensis" order="Malvales" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malaccensis">Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (= A. agallocha Roxb.)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">akyaw</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">klaw</emphasis>
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(Kayin),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">thit-hmwe</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">English</emphasis>
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: agarwood, aloewood, eaglewood.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Southeast Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Iran, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. In Myanmar, grows naturally along the Tanintharyi Yomas, and on islands in Beik district; found in Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, and Sagaing.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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Vulnerable [VU A1cd] (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B117" refString="IUCN, 2017. IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="162" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="162" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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Preparations made from parts of this tree are used to control coughs and leprosy, stimulate weight gain, alleviate indigestion, treat eye and ear ailments, promote urinary flow, resolve liver and intestinal problems, and eliminate bad breath.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Sap</emphasis>
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: Applied topically to make the body feel light and agile.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Wood</emphasis>
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: Grated and used in
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<pageBreakToken pageId="162" pageNumber="163" start="start">various</pageBreakToken>
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preparations, both external and internal, especially for illness during and after childbirth, but also to treat rheumatism, smallpox, abdominal illnesses, and other body pains; additionally, used as a cosmetic. The scented wood is employed as a stimulant, tonic, and carminative. It is also a constituent of medicine for heart palpitation, and other illnesses.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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Inner wood is made into a paste which is inhaled, or burned to produce fumes for inhaling as a remedy for excessive dizziness; applied topically or ingested to cure vomiting, stop bleeding, and alleviate swollen joints; and applied at frequent intervals as a remedy for skin disorders and conditions arising from lack of hygiene. The paste, mixed with the root bark from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">kyet-hsu</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Ricinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ricinus communis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Ricinus communis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), is applied topically to alleviate stomachaches; ingested to treat asthma and vomiting; made from the wood of the black akyaw variety, is mixed with oil and applied topically to cure shooting stomach pains. The wood powder- mixed with honey, and ingested by licking, is considered a cure for heart disease and long-lasting fevers; rolled in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">thanat-pet</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Cordia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cordia dichotama" order="Boraginales" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotama">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Cordia dichotama</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) leaves and smoked like a cigarette or in a pipe, is used to strengthen the heart and stomach. To stimulate proper healing, a mixture of the wood and sap from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Oh-htane-pin</emphasis>
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(the scientific name of this plant could not be ascertained per Thi Thi Ta,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">personal communication</emphasis>
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) is placed on embers to produce smoke directed toward sores that have not healed, infected sores, and sores infested with maggots.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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In India the wood is an aphrodisiac, carminative, stimulant, and tonic; also used for snakebite, and as an astringent for treating vomiting and diarrhea (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). In China the leaf is used for malaria; the stem bark is used as an astringent and antidysenteric; and the root is also astringent (
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<bibRefCitation author="Duke, JA" journalOrPublisher="Lipid / Fett" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B34" refString="Duke, JA, Ayensu, ES, 1985. Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." year="1985">Duke and Ayensu 1985</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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In East and Southeast Asia medicinal uses of this species are given as follows: In Mongolia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bezoar”">"Bezoar"</normalizedToken>
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from the bark is employed to "remove the poison" of feverish illnesses; in China it is used as an aphrodisiac, a diuretic, and for the purposes mentioned in the previous paragraph; in Indo-China the heartwood is thought to be antifebrile and antimalarial, also a decoction of it is given for paralysis, and alcohol from macerating it is used as a remedy for vomiting, cholera, cough, anuria, and indigestion; on the Malay Peninsula an infusion from the grated root is given to treat general dropsy or anasarca, finely ground leaves are rubbed over swollen hands and legs of a someone with dropsy, and resin from the wood is an ingredient in sedatives; and in Indonesia the leaves, mixed with vinegar, salt, and charcoal, are used to treat vomiting (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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From the grated wood of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. agallocha" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" rank="species" species="agallocha">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">A. agallocha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(i.e.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. malaccensis" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" rank="species" species="malaccensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">A. malaccensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) comes a drug with great antiquity, referred to in the Scriptures and all works dealing with Eastern Materia Medica. This drug has several current uses, both external and internal. It is used in various preparations for illness during and after childbirth; to treat rheumatism, smallpox, abdominal ills, and other body pains. The the scented wood is also said to have the properties of a stimulant, tonic, and carminative; as well as being a constituent of medicines for the heart palpitation (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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<bibRefCitation author="Agricultural Corporation" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B3" refString="Agricultural Corporation, 1980. Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" title="Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" year="1980">Agricultural Corporation (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |