421 lines
68 KiB
XML
421 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="53831D2E0E014812255FB41A2601078E" ID-CLB-Dataset="35127" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3fc6ee3-7633-4bf5-9be4-f979ef9810c1" ID-PMC="PMC4233402" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-450-1" ID-PubMed="25408617" ID-ZooBank="6EAFB9611C8C4A88BB84CBCE13CDE663" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-450-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 450" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" checkinTime="1451245189022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2014" docId="3EE44AED373DDB2DDBD2272383FE141E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 450: 1-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 450" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" docTitle="Scolytus unispinosus LeConte 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFF8FFEDC228FF81FFA4FFBD8B484705" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1701374697345" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C0AEA41B5E512DECC6463D2F4DBC55A2">A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA0307E296FC5EF1206043D0CAFE8B89">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0701C5AAE8C197B8F7483DDC5C1EF104">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A7A5BA5702462501EE746AFC274FBDAB">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CB50E8BD44AD7A24E4D0C5FBD0B86CE7">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0AD3AB3D4ADC0C76555B3BFC0D59910F" type="volume">
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<mods:identifier id="2E5348A07F2DCBEF44350501B43F81F9" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3EE44AED373DDB2DDBD2272383FE141E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056124" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3EE44AED373DDB2DDBD2272383FE141E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EE44AED373DDB2DDBD2272383FE141E" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="D2169DCCA87229C316642BCCFCA717E6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="2EA07311303E6D9776A2DA7D8F62ECD1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8641D677BEFBF984A777AEF4C1A3E086" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9AA2991219EDD415DE38E3AA09FEB8F5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="471AAD2E7154EBC8685E8EC382A1EAAE" ID-CoL="6Y9K8" authority="LeConte, 1876" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus LeConte, 1876</taxonomicName>
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Figs 52, 58
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73DC4B6AE63EFB65941F4846A5885693" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8C96397B646A62C20F7B00E49FB71F1F" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="497FD4546AC011CDF0A70B1ABBD769A5" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">
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<pageBreakToken id="345D95D42FF0E3A2800FDF3948401A68" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="start">Scolytus</pageBreakToken>
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unispinosus
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</taxonomicName>
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LeConte, 1876: 372.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D06E7F43CF9593C2A90B21EE62926513" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="849B13AF6769992452839F45E6751005" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus sobrinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus">Scolytus sobrinus</taxonomicName>
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Blackman, 1934: 23.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CF7570B530A13AAE3A691BEBF19C3E96" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="79A3ACC6AB8153C0D73CCF5816E1973B" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C2DA15C771EB2F5D42CE5B75763269C" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="D58F07BBE16E5CBCE7860A80F2F9D414" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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is very morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName id="E1098FD60C37D9962DE1A09EA2432B2C" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="7709661C78513C0082D6E7221465D502" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
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. Males are distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName id="C6D961239D2E1AD8D64A996873A73E77" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
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by the frons flattened when viewed laterally, never deeply impressed, less moderately abundant frontal setae (compared to dense) and by the host genus,
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<taxonomicName id="3D9E6D29775D94AD0EE6AFB5F815FFD6" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudotsuga</taxonomicName>
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. Males are distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName id="03EDE1912D15FB091CB499691524DE91" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: abdominal venter dull in luster, the base of the ventrite 2 spine extending from the apical margin to half the length of the segment and by the geographical distribution. The female is distinguished from that of
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<taxonomicName id="192A95C29E0D5534DFA720220E899146" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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by the dull luster of ventrite 2 and is distinguished from that of
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<taxonomicName id="3B68CC2F85D47B3A2BAACF00A274328C" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
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by the finely aciculate-punctate frons; ventrite 1 joining base of ventrite 2 more obtusely, base of ventrite 2 not finely impressed, flush with ventrite 1; epistomal process weakly developed, almost indistinct.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="350024A4367FE51375B678861E4B84A3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description (male)">
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<paragraph id="71C57F86FE05465FE090E7033D13EF42" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Description (male).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F5A6B448874F18C5B34489B18F24507" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2.2-3.2 mm long (mean = 2.7 mm; n = 15); 2.3-2.7 times as long as wide. Head, antennae, pronotum, and abdominal venter dark red-brown. Elytra and legs yellow-brown to light brown. Pronotum typically darker than elytra.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D381F80D282C7BD3185604DF524A1CAF" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Head. Epistoma weakly emarginate; epistomal process present, weakly developed, low; median area above mandibles bearing dense patch of long, yellow, hair-like setae. Frons appearing flattened when viewed laterally from epistoma to vertex, slightly transversely impressed just above epistoma to inner apices of eyes; moderately, coarsely, longitudinally aciculate-punctate; aciculations converging at epistoma; punctures sparse, small, fine; sparsely, uniformly covered by long, fine, erect, yellow, hair-like setae, thesee longer than width of midpoint of eye. Antennal scape short, elongate; club flattened, irregularly ovoid, setose with partial septum, two arcuate sutures visible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E73D5999B5A4B10CD027DC55DCA2C24E" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Pronotum wider than long; apical margin broadly rounded, median area between eyes lined with scales; sides distinctly arcuate, strongly constricted near apex, forming a weak transverse impression near apical margin; surface smooth, shining, punctures on disc fine, shallow, moderately abundant, larger and more abundant laterally and on apical constriction; apical and anterolateral margins bearing sparse, erect, yellow, hair-like setae; base weakly bisinuate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B95938AE1A13707424AD594C7AF1E15" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Elytra with sides sub-parallel on apical half, narrowing to subquadrate, smooth apex; apex moderately emarginated at suture. Margin of apical edge bearing small, fine punctures. Disc smooth, shining; interstriae not impressed, twice width of striae, punctures uniseriate, smaller than those of striae; bearing short, sparse, recumbent yellow setae slightly longer than size of a puncture (may be abraded); striae weakly impressed. Declivity bearing sparse, short, erect yellow setae. Metepimeron less than half-length of metanepisternum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D602369EB656FAF6620301C9A1D513A8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Venter. Apical margin of ventrite 1 rounded, marked by weak carina. Ventrite 2 nearly perpendicular to ventrite 1; surface shagreened, dull, finely punctate; punctures small, fine, shallow, nearly obscure; covered with sparse setae that are less than length of segment 3; surface convex; apical margin armed with laterally compressed, median spine with base extending from apical margin to half length of segment, apex rounded; lateral margins of ventrites 2-3 and ventrite 4 unarmed. Ventrite 5 carinate ridge closer to apical margin of segment; length of ventrite 5 less than combined lengths of ventrites 3 and 4; setal patch and median depression absent.</paragraph>
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<caption id="59910BAEEC7E15F5218D9581B917A70A" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<paragraph id="61C0C98DF96E159D11B412CABF86741E" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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Figure 58.
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<taxonomicName id="840632B2FB10D5AA4A9981AF981145B8" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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A dorsal male habitus B lateral male habitus C male frons D male frons oblique E male venter F male venter oblique G dorsal female habitus H lateral female habitus I female frons J female frons oblique K female venter L female venter oblique.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="93F6D75FDF0A0F0356DCA8F7F7E26F14" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="female">
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<paragraph id="0E6CB80F0014C3B0710A84D24786BE32" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5569778C37372B6C27DCFD563D12786B" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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2.2-3.0 mm long (mean = 2.7 mm; n = 15); 2.3-2.7 times as long as wide. Similar to male except epistoma feebly emarginate, epistomal process feebly
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<pageBreakToken id="482609B5B569B42B7112888A7E2FB548" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">developed</pageBreakToken>
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, frons convex when viewed laterally, weakly longitudinally aciculate, setae sparser, shorter, less than width of eye; weakly transversely impressed between epistoma and inner apices of eyes. Second ventrite apical margin armed with acute median denticle, with base extending from apical margin to half-length of segment.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6A619CF2B2F22FDB0CDBC2DC0C1A14FD" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph id="0F810A8A7F0D8AAF2C3DAE3D081D2820" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E97F33BDFA7AE780BDB12487CD7F6BF1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">654.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="507128BD220FCF3854EDFA40A5EB2835" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="D7DC36758E2B605DE2EC8EAB9D42BBA5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="06A838250C32ABA9B31FC62F39EA23F4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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Lectotype
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<taxonomicName id="46D6C9D5B6E8AAB962D9AC111E8DCE65" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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LeConte: male, labeled "Or. [Oregon], Type 965" (MCZC). Lectotype designated
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<bibRefCitation id="D72B513EAED8EE4DFE2D912C40444937" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 1359" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph." volume="8" year="1982">Wood 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 432. Holotype
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<taxonomicName id="1726E288632FE055A9E96589A736A135" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus sobrinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus">Scolytus sobrinus</taxonomicName>
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Blackman: male, labeled "Burke Colr, Kent, WA,
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<taxonomicName id="217983CA8EB0F03708B4133697045DC4" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="48936300E850168FA61EF8B147E1D2C6" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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], Hopk. US 41900, Type No. 43838" (USNM). Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation id="8A4C85E70091592F0FB2EE08B999B71C" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="17 - 33" title="New synonymy in the Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." volume="26" year="1966">Wood 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 30. Paratypes
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<taxonomicName id="5168DD9095996DFBF883E7B9255304AE" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus sobrinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus">Scolytus sobrinus</taxonomicName>
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Blackman UNITED STATES:OREGON: [Jackson Co.]: Little Applegate River, Hopk. U.S. 14238-B, J.E. Patterson (EMEC-6). Ashland, Hopk. U.S. 14264-T, F.P. Keen (EMEC-3). WASHINGTON: [King Co.]: Kent, Hopk. U.S. 4190-A, [H.E.] Burke, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="CB6FAF04446C9917614B1893738FE5E5" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="29C34A287CF3DA779A2F63A6C9789414" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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] (EMEC-5).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F7D8E593DE36564CF7CBF6C8C2F8E9CA" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="non-type material">
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<paragraph id="7D956C9DEAC7152BA063314F72613B0A" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E4B6A28ED47FB3B0FFF14283243B8F1B" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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CANADA:
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<pageBreakToken id="F0BB843CA2C2FDAC4400195DFAC30903" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">BRITISH</pageBreakToken>
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COLUMBIA: Cloverdale, 28.XII.[19]22, N.L. Cutler, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="CD9C48308F4C3BB332F8DA6C96EB33E4" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga heterophylla" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">Tsuga heterophylla</taxonomicName>
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(CASC-32, CNCI-11). Duncan, Genoa Bay, 10.VII.1928, W.G. Mathers, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="22D5C6A752E9FDB3AB3A4B26E2CB41BE" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
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[=
|
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<taxonomicName id="0C0CEEF060DD5B99AE47ED16A2F456A9" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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] (CNCI-1). Indian Meadows, Midday Creek, 13.VII.1920, R. Hopping, ex.
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|
<taxonomicName id="EE9ECBCD895D2EE837826E7382D4C235" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus ponderosa" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ponderosa">Pinus ponderosa</taxonomicName>
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(CNCI-1). Merritt, Midday Valley, 31.V.1926, W. Mathers (CNCI-1), 2.VII.1926 (CNCI-2); R. Hopping 3.VIII.1923 (CNCI-1), 15.VIII.19[23] (CNCI-1), 7.VII.1926 (CNCI-1). Nanaimo, [Pacific] Biological Station, 23.VI.1920 (CASC-1). Nelson Island, West Lake, 1701, 23.VI.1922, R. Hopping, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="BC12ACDB7673B8AF92B3AD6400A9100D" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1B40975579B326EC28409578412547F8" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (CNCI-12). Oliver, 25 mi N.W., 15.VI.1958, H. & A. Howden (EMEC-3). Pender Harbour, 30.VI.1928, G. Hopping, ex.
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|
<taxonomicName id="EC09A58B49CBBFEEE2738E5D79641E52" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
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[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CAC540B46DEA2A232DC5AC6663CE401" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (CASC-2). Squamish, Diamond Head trail, 3200 ft, 9.VIII.1953, G.J. Spencer (CNCI-1). Shuswap, 24.IV.[19]13, T. Wilson, ex. Douglas fir [=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87A7FB7C1CB94AD8FEC0868A87DD44CF" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (CNCI-1). Vancouver, 7.VI.1934, W. Mathers ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9131F634D9D9487CF99EC2EE18C62348" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FB423077D246D8C434CFD02CF70C2101" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (CASC-1), 11.VI.1934 (CASC-2). Vanguard, 23.VI.[19]32, R. Hopping, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87392279E541504DEB2DD32AF6FBA254" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga mucronata" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mucronata">Pseudotsuga mucronata</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BC097302FCC98532CFD7366556045C98" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (CASC-2, CNCI-2). Vernon, 27.V.1932, R. Hopping (CASC-1). UNITED STATES:CALIFORNIA:Del Norte Co.: 3.VII.[19]24, E.B. Leach (EMEC-1). El Dorado Co.: [Georgetown, 10mi E.], Blodgett Experimental Forest, 4000 ft, 26.V.1986, Hobson, Atkinson, ex. Lindgren trap, ponderosa pine resin, H&L B.P. fractions, burned over area (EMEC-3); 27.V.1986, Hobson, Irving, ex. Lindgren trap, ponderosa pine resin, untreated Oleo, burned over area (EMEC-2); 30.V.1986, Hobson, Atkinson, ex. Lindgren trap, unbaited, logged area (EMEC-1); 30.V.1986, Hobson, Atkinson, ex. Lindgren trap, unbaited, burned over area (EMEC-2). Placerville, Hopk. U.S. 33961-A, 26.III.[19]54, M.M. Furniss, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="2808C1D6DDF3A812670A750F4502BDC4" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="354458CAA10E3B1030076F66C0D4BC88" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-16). Pollack Pines, 22.VI.[19]48, R.C. Bynum (EMEC-6). Humboldt Co.: Blocksburg, 13.V.[19]34, B.P. Biven (CASC-2). Orleans, 15 mi N.W., 13.VI.[19]64, D.E. Bright, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="B779C28968AC15C1A71327383049DFE0" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
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[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9A9186162E6BA5126687039F7E628D12" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-7). Orick, 11 mi S., 11.VI.[19]62, D.E. Bright, B.A. Barr, ex.
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|
<taxonomicName id="58BE85FCBCA6D61CEDFBFAF5A7E6EB28" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1F24C2322BE55AF7D67941EEF34CEAD7" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (DEBC-4, EMEC-3). Lake Co.: Whispering Pines, 14.IV.1964, ex. Douglas fir [=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C81C7BB87B3538767ACF5EFA49F541DF" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (CASC-1). Los Angeles Co.: Coquillett (EMEC-2). Madera Co.: 1.VII.[19]38 (EMEC-1). Marin Co.: Inverness, 11.X.[19]61, D.E. Bright, ex.
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|
<taxonomicName id="1203F8E01A47CBDE5AF1C0CA69C268E0" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B9A969527C67B78AC16D370FE5F4EA9B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (DEBC-3, EMEC-2). [Mariposa Co.]: [Yosemite National Park], Yosemite Valley, Hopk. U.S. 2810, Hopkins (EMEC-4). Mendocino Co.: (CASC-7). 14.VII.[19]22, E.R. Leach (CASC-4). Bransomb, CDFA#870697, 11.VII.[20]01, M. Garvin, ex. Lindgren funnel trap with ISP (CSCA-1), 25.VII.[20]01 (CSCA-3). Flynn Creek between Comptche and Navarro, 17.VIII.1953, P.S. Bartholomew (CASC-1). Mill Creek, 20.III.[19]59, R.E. Stevens, ex. Douglas fir [=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5F46A8C00B48658F71F7EC712E6993B3" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-13). Noyo River, VI.1896 (CASC-14). Napa Co.: Angwin, 2 mi N.N.E., North side of Howell Mountain, 1300 ft, 24.V.1974, H.B. Leech, ex. emerged from log of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5D0DDF5410A20F446806C0B6142551D4" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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|
(CASC-3, USNM-6), 7.VII.1974 (CASC-3), 20.VII.1974 (CASC-16), 21.VII.1974 (CASC-11), 22.VII.1974 (CASC-4), 23.VII.1974 (CASC-8), 25.VII.1974 (CASC-15), 26.VII.1974 (CASC-2, USNM-3), 27.VII.1974 (CASC-1), 28.VII.1974 (CASC-6, USNM-3), 1.VIII.1974 (CASC-3), 3.VIII.1974 (CASC-3). Callistoga, 26.V.[19]57 (CASC-4); 4.X.1947, T.O. Thatcher, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="F6503EC56DA378CDEC86221A8236D15C" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="863A5B32373DCF8F899EC4E261E7286E" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-3); 1.V.[19]63, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9516DE9F8E385AA1A387D81EE14B1E7D" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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(EMEC-3). Nevada Co.: Grass Valley, 17.I.1961, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FB3196344A26EC26BD8296A09318DF4B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="785218284E2642A8B1D0532A1ED8285B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (CASC-2). Middleton [labeled as Lake Co.], Hopk. U.S. 37588-A, R.W. Bushing, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="66BC81649E7AC95E63D05EC978703FD8" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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|
(EMEC-3), G.M. Thomas (EMEC-3). [Placer Co.]: Colfax, 1 mi E., Hopk. U.S. 34068-A, 31.I.[19]37, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="70CD09D68DF06665B322686BD5F643EE" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(EMEC-4). Towle, 11.XI.1932 (EMEC-1). Plumas Co.: Walker Mine, 15.VII.[19]30 (EMEC-3). [San Francisco Co.]: San Francisco, Hopk. U.S. 8557, 11.V.[18]99, ex. on pine [=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="702C6E7E9A2545F7B6ED34A8DAE2A19A" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
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sp.] (EMEC-1), 15.V.[18]99 (EMEC-1). Santa Cruz Co.: 16.IV.[19]59, J.E. Henry (WFBM-16). Aptos, New Brighton Beach State Park, 13.IX.1986, D. Adams, ex.
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|
<taxonomicName id="249243FA9EE3514405A9B9BCAAC2AE7B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus radiata" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">Pinus radiata</taxonomicName>
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|
(EMEC-54). Shasta Co.: Hat Creek, 17.VI.[19]62, D.E. Bright, B.A. Barr, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4AEA887622142366F18F5BC9B79405DC" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
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|
(EMEC-2). Siskiyou Co.: Grass Valley, 16.X.[19]60, R.W. Bushing, emerged XI.1960, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CF686ACE65FCE976DD7E983A51133DF1" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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|
(EMEC-6). Sonoma Co.: (CNCI-1). Fort Ross, 2 mi E., 2.XI.1947, T.O. Thatcher, ex.
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|
<taxonomicName id="2C1DF723DDE7772A265499400E111E28" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="005840706AEB3B93FAD8C8D034E87310" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-3). Mount Saint Helena, 3.VI.[19]31, E.C. Zimmermann, ex. digger pine [=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="91772B97D783010C500D8CE39582D560" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus sabiniana" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabiniana">Pinus sabiniana</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-1); Hopk. U.S. 21,125-F, 3.IV.1934, R.L. Furniss, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F9453412C5FC0E1A21A4FFEFDCB77C79" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="68EB6967E8BAD640457DC49017FD2B56" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-4). Sebastopol, Hopk. U.S. 32638-A, 20.I.1940, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="277C24479B4CA9C7593A536D606F86F5" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="33103262335C137D90EF6245E424652F" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (DEBC-4, EMEC-5). Stillwater Cove, 12.V.1951, H.R. Moffitt (EMEC-1). Trinity Co.: 14.V.[19]23, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AB7277F4A068D3606DDA433CC4DCE307" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D6745FF3159A54AA43B5B508301516F" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (CASC-4). [Unspecified County]: (CUIC-7). Yosemite National Park, Hopk. U.S. 20953-B, 19.VI.1932, J.M. Miller, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8582E43F96E84283B7310F0FEBFE4779" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="61950DCC79DB4D5011BDC478C2E46908" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-8). IDAHO:Bonner Co.: Sandpoint, 13.VI.931, N.M. Downie (FMNH-1), 9.VII.1977 (FMNH-1); 9.VII.1977 (FMNH-1). OREGON: [Benton Co.]: Corvallis, 17.IV.[19]16, W.J. Chamberlin, ex.
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|
<taxonomicName id="E7AB5F773C111574A3CDD9119A6CB0E9" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9A1F6D7BB6764A34A5AAB3397434D69" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-3); 8.VII.1946, K.R. Hobbs (EMEC-1). Coos Co.: Myrtle Point, 18.VI.[19]64, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2C4BC1092D6FC1EB89A3158A11B25E58" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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|
(EMEC-10). Curry Co.: Agness, 6 mi S.W., 10.VII.1990, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="393338256AFADB116076FBCA4D952387" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(WFBM-6). Brookings, 12 mi E.N.E., 12.VIII.1990, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F1E58E69427602E13B8BC794BFAA6AB5" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(WFBM-4). Illahe, 4 mi N., 9.VIII.[19]90, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7BD38616A826F3734FF9F49197314BF2" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(WFBM-2). Deschutes Co.: Deschutes National Forest, Black Butte Rd, Black Butte,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="03E21DB5ABEAEFD4522BB75C64119764" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.4154">N44°24.924'</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="C33978A44EFC30C48FB60C50141BE7C8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-121.63872">W121°38.323'</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 4212 ft, 31.VIII.2010, S.M. Smith, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40F60CDA119E4B8BD94DBB0CEA95DE60" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(MSUC-44). Douglas Co.: Roseburg, W.J. Chamberlin, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D21A47ADA2C7667D3A1291794D73EA22" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E47D0F464A71EEF032BEA41DF7783FD4" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (DEBC-2, EMEC-6, WFBM-2). [Grant Co.]: Dixie Pass, Malheur National Forest, 23.VI.1961, S.L. Wood, J.B. Karren, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="360DBB52FE4B606668679F2E04D66E06" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A39423FD5F1DF8F5BD17E4085527E589" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (DEBC-5). Jackson Co.: Dead Indian Spring, 17.V.1962, J. Schuh (CNCI-1). Mistletoe, Hopk. U.S. 15753-A, P.D. Sergent, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B9F361455F8AE6487610F73E4A1F4300" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0DEAC4FD06AF2485E7254BDCC89A14EC" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-3), Hopk. U.S. 15753-B, 21.VIII.1918, P.D. Sargent (DEBC-5, EMEC-10). Pinehurst, 2 mi E., 18.VII.[19]64, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="81790E89E58FFE2FAA2E4ADCF2F3ED2B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(CNCI-5, EMEC-6). Prospect, 10.VII.[19]64, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DDD6174D16595BFEA982B5D953B9CCEA" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(CNCI-11, EMEC-14). [Klamath Co.]: Klamath Falls, 17.VI.[19]64, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="68F276C8DC7953A28492C3E56FB23A0C" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(EMEC-2). [Lane Co.]: McCredie Springs, 19.VI.1961, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5D99DD703C8AA483159297A3F6348D04" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga heterophylla" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">Tsuga heterophylla</taxonomicName>
|
|
(CNCI-2). Vaughn, J. Pierce, ex. Douglas fir limbs [=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D1C2539231111721F35ED8B06D54622" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (WFBM-4); 21.VI.1955, J.A. Rudinsky, J.R. Pierce, ex. Doug fir branches [=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B19A56D1F111C648698221684366795A" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (WFBM-3). Linn Co.: Santiam Pass, 19.VI.1951, S.L. Wood, J.B. Karren, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B7D7229485713888D4B9EA07A54D9F73" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87A78C2F1A3831E029496A174D2D5BB9" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (DEBC-1). [Malheur Co.]: Monument Peak, 25.IX.[19]53, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D1ECC7FD8C9CF3B3ABE47545C3E20517" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AB2D8910E6E4A28ABC9F288663D001AA" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-3). [Marion Co.]: Clear Lake, 17.VIII.[19]51, R. Kangur, ex. Larch [=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79C03EF54320687908253493E18C43CA" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larix</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp.] ((EMEC-4, WFBM-2). [Multnomah Co.]: Portland, Hubbard, Schwarz (EMEC-2). [Umatilla Co.]: Tollgate, 30.VI.1950, E.S. McClurskey, ex. on aluminum roof (CNCI-1), 1.IX.1950 (CNCI-1). [Unspecified County]: Detroit, 25 mi E., 17.VII.1939, Schuh, Scott, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2E6EE680E472A07E970BF6797A560D7C" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga mertensiana" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mertensiana">Tsuga mertensiana</taxonomicName>
|
|
(FMNH-6). Middle Sister Mountain, 8000 ft, Hopk. U.S. 53349-G, 4.VIII.1968, M.M. Furniss, ex. on snowfield (WFBM-2). Portland, Wickham (CNCI-1). Tillamook burn, 18.VII.1941, R. Kangur (EMEC-1). Warm Springs Indian Reservation, 15.VIII.[19]51, R. Kangur, ex. Douglas fir [=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="92BD33112E49C2124810DB79F2D59010" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-4). WASHINGTON: [Clallam Co.]: Port Angeles, Hopk. U.S. 130, A.D. Hopkins, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F7FE59439F7780C05E751135653AF254" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="81F3568FE8B12BE0061D20620A1C57A5" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-1). Port Williams [Marlyn Nelson County Park at Port Williams], Hopk. U.S. 168-F, A.D. Hopkins, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2D54D364819CF547D917A2438099F39E" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ED8CFFE698EA267317ED8DA933D8B54F" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (EMEC-1). Cowlitz Co.: Castle Rock, 10 mi E., 27.VI.[19]64, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="821784632139709F780CDA1E23DCF7FD" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(DEBC-18, EMEC-9). [Grays Harbor Co.]: Humptulips, 28.V.1914, E.C. VanDyke (CASC-3). [Kittitas Co.]: Easton (CASC-6, EMEC-2). Okanogan Co.: Disautel, 4.XI.1936, R.L. Furniss, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EA68447151D006D34F3F184C48AFC848" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(OSAC-17, WFBM-7). [Pend Oreille Co.]: Metaline Falls, Hopk. U.S. 21340, 17.VII.1931, W.D. Bedard, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9F70F3CF323070E0233ADE9306E08CC9" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F9AABBEE07754657E43B28D56C4F2127" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (WFBM-15). Skamania Co.: Mineral Springs, 27.VI.[19]64, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6ACA7132BA8D407259C70A722C57B29B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(EMEC-9). [Snohomish Co.]: [labeled King Co.] Mountlake Terrace, 20.VIII.[19]62, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="71F516EB8E4651EF886A51839245ECEC" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(CNCI-3). Thurston Co.: Olympia, 7-30.V.1996, E. LaGasa, ex. Washington Department of Agriculture port trapping survey (WFBM-1). Yakima Co.: Naches, 14 mi W., Dry Creek Ridge, Snoqualamie National Forest, 3.VII.1965, R.B. Hutt (DEBC-2). [Unspecified County]: Mount Adams, Bird Creek, 6000-7000 ft, 2.VII.1925 (CASC-1). Mount Rainier National Park, 21.VIII.[19]62, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7191B0FBBC25B3E1179DFA39E12546DD" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
[=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CDACA238CF241674FEB5917ED7E27D0F" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
] (CNCI-6).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="F9EE1676D33064A7FFE8E5C350BC8A59" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="E01EC503ED2BECB8A0EB8E0F50023923" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="6A5C64280BBADFC2EA14735B4D663241" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2D3753B086C9F7B867A5023312AC8F" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">CANADA: British Columbia. UNITED STATES: California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington (Fig. 51).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6A2EE3AA18C6CB5131357B34883B06A2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="hosts">
|
|
<paragraph id="ABC7FED8CF5AD45892FF448B882204F8" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="38852AAE49E7E8FF4C8FC6F72E7C44C4" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="00329A9635DC169B4F4D10FD7E5C3048" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Mirb.) Franco (Douglas fir) but also likely occurs in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5392E6B8B1D89DFE11A735D21D846F4C" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga macrocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">Pseudotsuga macrocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Vasey) Mayr (bigcone Douglas fir) in Southern California. Incidental in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BA528C6E08D8FB460B2B7BEF0D9A52AF" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8C6D41E04C45A723F3F5250CA92E6E88" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="370394B5127FC55469A14E1053F711E9" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tsuga</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ADE8D8D6A55B0983D73528ABE98E3C8C" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="common name">
|
|
<paragraph id="CC439CDC04223E0104F77AE177E431AE" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Common name.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D3079390DF7E14BE8B2F430EB6DC0A16" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Douglas-fir engraver.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="1725C64BEA4302135D1768F75A90540F" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="biology">
|
|
<paragraph id="F8B1CFEB4943757579094D828A47F754" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B5E6BE5F6C9058BAD63EE68B8612093A" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="50E6A803F2A72C7387C8B50720D54C76" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is very common (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FC8BE5D8ECE33A905A8E77B7B5C5551B" author="Chamberlin, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Oregon State College Cooperative Association, Corvallis" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The bark and timber beetles of North America north of Mexico The taxonomy, biology and control of 575 species belonging to 72 genera of the superfamily Scolytoidea." year="1939">Chamberlin 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Smith pers. obs.) and attacks the boles and branches of weakened, injured, dying and recently killed Douglas fir. Populations of this species can build up in windfalls, slash and during drought when the species becomes capable of killing young trees (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D6128A6930E49D1317F2715E4EAEC861" author="Keen, FP" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 209" title="Insect enemies of western forests." volume="273" year="1938">Keen 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EE75F6002721C19B9482AC1E7C9E2B5F" author="Chamberlin, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Oregon State College Cooperative Association, Corvallis" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The bark and timber beetles of North America north of Mexico The taxonomy, biology and control of 575 species belonging to 72 genera of the superfamily Scolytoidea." year="1939">Chamberlin 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
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<bibRefCitation id="A50ACE868B1B86DBA1EC651BF5B73A78" author="Wood, DL" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley, CA" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" title="Pests of the native California conifers. California Natural History Guides." year="2003">Wood et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Outbreaks are sporadic and are of short duration (
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<bibRefCitation id="D4E0870737CD9AE6D82784D7B9EF65FB" author="Keen, FP" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 209" title="Insect enemies of western forests." volume="273" year="1938">Keen 1938</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="4422A7B58E7DD429D600FBF4E4B78282" author="Wood, DL" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley, CA" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" title="Pests of the native California conifers. California Natural History Guides." year="2003">Wood et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E3204EB4747DFC7A13E71F4F801E99F1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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The adult gallery of this species consists of a single egg gallery that extends with the grain of the wood (Fig. 25). The nuptial chamber includes a short extension at a 45° angle from the egg gallery and is located at one end on the egg gallery. The gallery deeply scores the sapwood and lightly scores the cambium (
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<bibRefCitation id="3018C6C48CE8BB363DF380719E6129FB" author="Chamberlin, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Oregon State College, Corvallis" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The Scolytoidea of the Northwest: Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and British Columbia. Oregon, State Monograph. Studies in Entomology" year="1958">Chamberlin 1958</bibRefCitation>
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). The female deposits 40-100 eggs in egg niches on both sides of the egg gallery 0.5-1.0 mm apart (
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<bibRefCitation id="54AE50B5934D8B7B4A0BFF523EF65D45" author="Doane, RW" journalOrPublisher="McGraw-Hill Co., New York" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="Forest insects, a textbook for the use of students in forest schools, colleges, and universities, and for forest workers." year="1936">Doane et al. 1936</bibRefCitation>
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). Larvae extend their mines at a right angle to the egg gallery forming a fan shaped pattern (
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<bibRefCitation id="D2157CB5FC53EB6EBF52126CC4060C1B" author="Chamberlin, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Oregon State College Cooperative Association, Corvallis" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The bark and timber beetles of North America north of Mexico The taxonomy, biology and control of 575 species belonging to 72 genera of the superfamily Scolytoidea." year="1939">Chamberlin 1939</bibRefCitation>
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). There are two generations per year in California and the broods overwinter as either eggs or larvae (
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<bibRefCitation id="D0F3B073414D319FE3C3822BFD5C91B4" author="Keen, FP" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 209" title="Insect enemies of western forests." volume="273" year="1938">Keen 1938</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="69F4B7137BC1B571C4FA14A80DC6C311" author="Wood, DL" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley, CA" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" title="Pests of the native California conifers. California Natural History Guides." year="2003">Wood et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Adults emerge from late April through July (Keen 1958). In Oregon one generation per year has been observed at high elevations in and two at lower elevations (
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<bibRefCitation id="7C1277F435EA37AB5138E6BCAFF1946E" author="Chamberlin, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Oregon State College Cooperative Association, Corvallis" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The bark and timber beetles of North America north of Mexico The taxonomy, biology and control of 575 species belonging to 72 genera of the superfamily Scolytoidea." year="1939">Chamberlin 1939</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E59131519525B809F59D6F6B9FB23A40" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<bibRefCitation id="34B1D3AD435724ED768D6A992CC2D2D4" author="McMullen, LH" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="17 - 25" title="Life-history and habits of Scolytusunispinosus LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the interior of British Columbia." url="10.4039/Ent9417-1" volume="94" year="1962">McMullen and Atkins (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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reported some notes on the biology of
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<taxonomicName id="250F5B1FBC4B9222F753281C3BF9E574" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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in British Columbia and appear to have reported a combined account of
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<taxonomicName id="9B533FFAC4CDAAC4E69B0191454E4865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F48493F453758A77CCEB2C16720B3737" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<taxonomicName id="5E543C62A83083FAB4B06F9E1455F82B" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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biology for more information). This paper was the main source of information regarding the biology of
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<taxonomicName id="E9BC49783BDD6AC921BB554143DAC9C0" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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and served as the basis for describing the biology of the species in numerous publications (including
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<bibRefCitation id="77C936F2E428FEE46E18E9A7A4996E27" author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="Canada Department of Agriculture, Research Branch, Biosystematic Research Institute, Ottawa" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 2: The bark beetles of Canada and Alaska, Coleoptera: Scolytidae." year="1976">Bright 1976</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F798F9612AE481E692F9FBA8026C9177" author="Furniss, RL" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Forest, Service Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 654" title="Western forest insects." volume="1339" year="1977">Furniss and Carolin 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="38613ACF2DF422EED8B9DA65170D43E9" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="University of Idaho, Moscow" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Field guide to the bark beetles of Idaho and adjacent regions." year="2002">Furniss and Johnson 2002</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2F03F96FF544BC9DAE05AEA592062521" author="Wood, DL" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley, CA" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" title="Pests of the native California conifers. California Natural History Guides." year="2003">Wood et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="93C92C78415A2A3313CCB39002E2FBDF" author="Chamberlin, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Oregon State College Cooperative Association, Corvallis" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The bark and timber beetles of North America north of Mexico The taxonomy, biology and control of 575 species belonging to 72 genera of the superfamily Scolytoidea." year="1939">Chamberlin (1939</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="17DA3BFA01C3F5E74EE5E65215700EB6" author="Chamberlin, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Oregon State College, Corvallis" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The Scolytoidea of the Northwest: Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and British Columbia. Oregon, State Monograph. Studies in Entomology" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
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) provides the most reliable source of information regarding the biology of the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="20635785786B7F48A1F51B0AA57C635C" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="DC7208A52EF5C6BB848574136EFAB191" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA889E3722F84B050C4B789F5FA31696" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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There are 25
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<taxonomicName id="02DF4D87CE40A5EF7DAB47A3CF0BD635" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus sobrinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrinus">Scolytus sobrinus</taxonomicName>
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specimens bearing paratype labels found in the EMEC. These specimens are not designated as such by
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<bibRefCitation id="2C8C7AFD53F5A8EC8B68A872778E82FC" author="Blackman, MW" journalOrPublisher="US Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="A revisional study of the genus Scolytus Geoffroy (Eccoptogaster Herbst) in North America." volume="431" year="1934">Blackman (1934)</bibRefCitation>
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and have been labeled "not Paratype" by the authors. These specimens bear the following Hopkins numbers: 4205-A (EMEC-2), 4272-A (EMEC-4), 1968-D1 (EMEC-1), 1968-D3 (EMEC-1), 4273-B (EMEC-1), 4204 (EMEC-2), 4220-A (EMEC-3), 4226-D (EMEC-1), 4201-A (EMEC-2), 13232-C (EMEC-1), 17 (EMEC-1), 18 (EMEC-1), 19 (EMEC-2) and Sonoma, California (EMEC-3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="950B79C4B35C76F1AD27DF614AC4F6E1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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This species occurs along the western coastal states of the United States and British Columbia, Canada. The range of
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<taxonomicName id="0923A3936C79014C5A051BC0AABEDBA1" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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does not overlap with that of
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<taxonomicName id="480A5727B69402EA32245DF3A2C6511F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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except in south central British Columbia where species are sympatric in the Interior Plateau near Merritt.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |