453 lines
49 KiB
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453 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.38445" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f0ec2e6-fa66-4aae-9b52-27dee0517837" ID-PMC="PMC6901612" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-893-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D8AAF4F44EDF5FE19D1CD5E5D68AC9F5" ID-PubMed="31845925" ID-ZooBank="0116CFB379524E4AB8D9A42E4802EE38" ModsDocID="1313-2970-893-51" checkinTime="1575325041577" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wu, Min, Chen, Zheyu & Zhang, Liwan" docDate="2019" docId="257DD29C258B5E2B89E176C71C8B3183" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 893: 51-67" docOrigin="ZooKeys 893" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.38445" docTitle="Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="D8AAF4F44EDF5FE19D1CD5E5D68AC9F5" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="D8AAF4F44EDF5FE19D1CD5E5D68AC9F5" masterDocTitle="Jawless land snail Sinorachis, a new bradybaenine genus from China (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668168163309" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Jawless land snail Sinorachis, a new bradybaenine genus from China (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wu, Min</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Zheyu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Liwan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>893</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>67</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.38445</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.38445</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-893-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0116CFB379524E4AB8D9A42E4802EE38</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D8AAF4F44EDF5FE19D1CD5E5D68AC9F5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160612142" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:257DD29C258B5E2B89E176C71C8B3183" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/257DD29C258B5E2B89E176C71C8B3183" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName LSID="257DD29C-258B-5E2B-89E1-76C71C8B3183" authority="Wu & Chen" class="Gastropoda" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis baihu" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baihu">Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="51">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of Sinorachis Wu & Chen, gen. nov. Blue dot, Sinorachis aureus (Heude, 1890) comb. nov.; yellow dots, Sinorachis onychinus (Heude, 1885) comb. nov.; red dot, Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361273" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-D Sinorachis onychinus (Heude, 1885) comb. nov., shells A SMF 42825 B SMF 42826 C SMF 42827, SW Hupei D SMF 104593 E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361274" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure2">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype A-C living animal D magnified view of head." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361275" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure3">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype. A left margin of mantle collar with the lobe arrowed B right margin of mantle collar C lateral dorsal view of buccal mass with an oral curtain (a sheet of curtain-like tissue on the most anterior of the buccal mass) arrowed D dorsal view of buccal mass with an oral curtain arrowed E shell-removed animal, showing three pigmentation patches near mantle margin F internal body wall of head, showing no obvious head gland between the ommatophore tentacles G HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype, mouth of ventral view with an oral curtain arrowed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361276" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure4">4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Pallial complex of Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361277" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure5">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM images A-E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype: A radula, showing central tooth (arrowed) and several lateral teeth B radula, showing tricuspid lateral teeth C radula, showing most lateral part D embryonic shell E magnified embryonic shell, showing some pits F-G radula of Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08299 - spec. 1: F showing central tooth (arrowed) and nearby lateral teeth G marginal part of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361278" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6">6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype. Both sides of genitalia. The portion with the demarcation between epiphallus and vas deferens is magnified." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361279" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure7">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype A bottom view of dart sac apparatus B partial dorsally exposed dart sac apparatus, showing arrowed poly-layered structure C distal part of dorsally exposed dart sac apparatus, showing opened love dart chamber, with opening of the love dart chamber arrowed D dorsally exposed dart sac apparatus with opening of love dart chamber arrowed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361280" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure8">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A habitat of Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype B a diagram showing design of landmarks (solid orange dots) and semi-landmarks (empty orange dots). Arrow indicates the crossing point made by the right profile and the last part of the suture." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361281" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure9">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Scatter plot of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationship among Rachis Albers, 1850 (bright blue dots), Rhachistia Connolly, 1925 (grey-blue dots), Chinese Pseudobuliminus spp. (orange dots), Chinese enid species (grey dots) and Sinorachis gen. nov. (pink dots). a, Sinorachis onychinus (Heude), SMF 42826; b, S. onychinus, SMF 104593; c, S. baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., holotype; d, S. onychinus, SMF 42825; e, S. aureus (Heude), based on an image from Heude (1890); f, S. onychinus, SMF 42827." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361282" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure10">10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Holotype</emphasis>
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: CHINA • fully mature animal; Hubei, Lichuan, Liangwuxiang, Shanchacun; 108.837°E, 30.274°N; 1.XI.2018; Liwan Zhang leg.; HBUMM08296-specimen 1.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Paratype</emphasis>
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: one juvenile animal; same data as for preceding; HBUMM08296-specimen 2. Partial foot was cut off in both specimens and preserved in 99.7% ethanol at -20 °C; HBUMM08296a-specimens 1, 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Embryonic shell with pits, each having a central hump. Shell with three bands.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Shell</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-D Sinorachis onychinus (Heude, 1885) comb. nov., shells A SMF 42825 B SMF 42826 C SMF 42827, SW Hupei D SMF 104593 E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361274" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure2">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM images A-E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype: A radula, showing central tooth (arrowed) and several lateral teeth B radula, showing tricuspid lateral teeth C radula, showing most lateral part D embryonic shell E magnified embryonic shell, showing some pits F-G radula of Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08299 - spec. 1: F showing central tooth (arrowed) and nearby lateral teeth G marginal part of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361278" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6">6D, E</figureCitation>
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). Conical; thin but solid; dextral. Whorls slightly convex. Suture impressed. Umbilicus a slit. Columella almost vertical. Protoconch densely and evenly covered with fine centrally-uplifted pits (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM images A-E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype: A radula, showing central tooth (arrowed) and several lateral teeth B radula, showing tricuspid lateral teeth C radula, showing most lateral part D embryonic shell E magnified embryonic shell, showing some pits F-G radula of Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08299 - spec. 1: F showing central tooth (arrowed) and nearby lateral teeth G marginal part of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361278" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6">Fig. 6D, E</figureCitation>
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). Teleoconch without spiral furrows. Aperture oblique; not sinuate at peristome. Body whorl not descending behind aperture. Shell surface without ribs. Growth lines fine. Adult shell not hairy or scaly. Adult body whorl rounded at periphery; with bottom convex. Ring-like thickening within aperture absent. Peristome thin; not reflexed. Callus thin and transparent. Shell glossy; white. A suture band, a supra-peripheral band and a subperipheral band more or less broken. Measurements (holotype): shell height 14.7 mm, shell breadth 8.7 mm, aperture height 5.3 mm, aperture width 3.5 mm, embryonic shell whorls 1.500, whorls 5.125, shell height/ breadth ratio 1.70.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361274" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis onychinus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="onychinus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis onychinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Heude, 1885) comb. nov., shells
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
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SMF42825
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
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SMF42826
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
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SMF42827, SW Hupei
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
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SMF104593
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis baihu" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baihu">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis baihu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM08296-specimen 1, holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">General anatomy</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype A-C living animal D magnified view of head." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361275" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure3">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype. A left margin of mantle collar with the lobe arrowed B right margin of mantle collar C lateral dorsal view of buccal mass with an oral curtain (a sheet of curtain-like tissue on the most anterior of the buccal mass) arrowed D dorsal view of buccal mass with an oral curtain arrowed E shell-removed animal, showing three pigmentation patches near mantle margin F internal body wall of head, showing no obvious head gland between the ommatophore tentacles G HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype, mouth of ventral view with an oral curtain arrowed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361276" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure4">4</figureCitation>
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). A crest-like head wart between and slightly behind ommatophore insertions present. On left edge of mantle collar a leaf-shaped appendage present. Body dorsally white; symmetrically with two lateral black pigmented stripes that become lighter near sole. Sole creamy white. Jaw absent (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype. A left margin of mantle collar with the lobe arrowed B right margin of mantle collar C lateral dorsal view of buccal mass with an oral curtain (a sheet of curtain-like tissue on the most anterior of the buccal mass) arrowed D dorsal view of buccal mass with an oral curtain arrowed E shell-removed animal, showing three pigmentation patches near mantle margin F internal body wall of head, showing no obvious head gland between the ommatophore tentacles G HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype, mouth of ventral view with an oral curtain arrowed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361276" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure4">Fig. 4C, D, G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361275" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis baihu" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baihu">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis baihu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM08296-specimen 1, holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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living animal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
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magnified view of head.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361276" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis baihu" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baihu">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis baihu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM08296-specimen 1, holotype.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
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left margin of mantle collar with the lobe arrowed
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
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right margin of mantle collar
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
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lateral dorsal view of buccal mass with an oral curtain (a sheet of curtain-like tissue on the most anterior of the buccal mass) arrowed
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
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dorsal view of buccal mass with an oral curtain arrowed
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
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shell-removed animal, showing three pigmentation patches near mantle margin
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
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internal body wall of head, showing no obvious head gland between the ommatophore tentacles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
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HBUMM08296-specimen 2, paratype, mouth of ventral view with an oral curtain arrowed.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Pallial complex</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Pallial complex of Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361277" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pallial roof not pigmented. Pallial gland thin, parallel to mantle collar. Hindgut running parallel to parietal-palatal margin for length of pallial chamber. Ureter slender, typical sigmurethrous, about 1/5 breadth of hindgut, adhering to hindgut for all its length. Secondary ureter developed. Kidney triangular, not bilobed, about as long as 1/2 of pallial chamber. Heart as long as 1/3 - 1/2 of kidney. Main pulmonary vein running along contour and apex of kidney, then diffusing into thinner veins mostly concentrated on anterior half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361277" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Pallial complex of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis baihu" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baihu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis baihu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM08296-specimen 2, paratype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM images A-E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype: A radula, showing central tooth (arrowed) and several lateral teeth B radula, showing tricuspid lateral teeth C radula, showing most lateral part D embryonic shell E magnified embryonic shell, showing some pits F-G radula of Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08299 - spec. 1: F showing central tooth (arrowed) and nearby lateral teeth G marginal part of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361278" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6">
|
||
Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): Teeth arranged in transversal rows, each row containing about 151 (75-1-75) closely arranged teeth. Central tooth tricuspid, narrowly tongue-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM images A-E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype: A radula, showing central tooth (arrowed) and several lateral teeth B radula, showing tricuspid lateral teeth C radula, showing most lateral part D embryonic shell E magnified embryonic shell, showing some pits F-G radula of Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08299 - spec. 1: F showing central tooth (arrowed) and nearby lateral teeth G marginal part of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361278" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral teeth slightly thickened at inner edge; bicuspid (L1-2 or L1-3) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM images A-E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype: A radula, showing central tooth (arrowed) and several lateral teeth B radula, showing tricuspid lateral teeth C radula, showing most lateral part D embryonic shell E magnified embryonic shell, showing some pits F-G radula of Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08299 - spec. 1: F showing central tooth (arrowed) and nearby lateral teeth G marginal part of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361278" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), tricuspid (from L2 or L3 on) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM images A-E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype: A radula, showing central tooth (arrowed) and several lateral teeth B radula, showing tricuspid lateral teeth C radula, showing most lateral part D embryonic shell E magnified embryonic shell, showing some pits F-G radula of Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08299 - spec. 1: F showing central tooth (arrowed) and nearby lateral teeth G marginal part of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361278" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and gradually transformed to marginals with one endocone and three or four ectocones (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM images A-E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype: A radula, showing central tooth (arrowed) and several lateral teeth B radula, showing tricuspid lateral teeth C radula, showing most lateral part D embryonic shell E magnified embryonic shell, showing some pits F-G radula of Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08299 - spec. 1: F showing central tooth (arrowed) and nearby lateral teeth G marginal part of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361278" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361278" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM images
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis baihu" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baihu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis baihu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov. HBUMM08296-specimen 2, paratype:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
radula, showing central tooth (arrowed) and several lateral teeth
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
|
||
radula, showing tricuspid lateral teeth
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
radula, showing most lateral part
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
|
||
embryonic shell
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
|
||
magnified embryonic shell, showing some pits
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
radula of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Laeocathaica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laeocathaica prionotropis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="prionotropis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Laeocathaica prionotropis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1899, HBUMM08299-spec.1:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
|
||
showing central tooth (arrowed) and nearby lateral teeth
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
|
||
marginal part of radula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Genital system</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype. Both sides of genitalia. The portion with the demarcation between epiphallus and vas deferens is magnified." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361279" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure7">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype A bottom view of dart sac apparatus B partial dorsally exposed dart sac apparatus, showing arrowed poly-layered structure C distal part of dorsally exposed dart sac apparatus, showing opened love dart chamber, with opening of the love dart chamber arrowed D dorsally exposed dart sac apparatus with opening of love dart chamber arrowed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361280" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure8">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Penis sheath long, covering approximately 3/4 of penis. Penis thin; externally simple; internally with three pilasters. Epiphallus subequal to penis in length; without epiphallic papilla. Flagellum absent. Vas deferens ca. 1/2 length of epiphallus; of even thickness. Epiphallus and vas deferens sharply demarcated (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 1, holotype. Both sides of genitalia. The portion with the demarcation between epiphallus and vas deferens is magnified." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361279" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure7">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dart sac apparatus large in size; distal 1/3 with a distinct accessory sac ventrally that is internally solid. Love dart very short, approximate 0.7 mm long; sharply tapering from distal end; transparent. Mucous gland with one common peduncle; simply branched. Vagina as long as penis. Bursa copulatrix small, ball-shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361279" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis baihu" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baihu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis baihu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM08296-specimen 1, holotype. Both sides of genitalia. The portion with the demarcation between epiphallus and vas deferens is magnified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361280" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis baihu" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baihu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis baihu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM08296-specimen 1, holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
bottom view of dart sac apparatus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
|
||
partial dorsally exposed dart sac apparatus, showing arrowed poly-layered structure
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
distal part of dorsally exposed dart sac apparatus, showing opened love dart chamber, with opening of the love dart chamber arrowed
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
|
||
dorsally exposed dart sac apparatus with opening of love dart chamber arrowed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Measurements of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="DS–">DS-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.9 mm long, 1.5 mm broad;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="DtC–">DtC-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="MG–">MG-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.7 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="P–">P-</normalizedToken>
|
||
7.3 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ep–">Ep-</normalizedToken>
|
||
7.5 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="VD–">VD-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.8 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PR–">PR-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.5 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Va–">Va-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.7 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="FO–">FO-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.1 mm; BC plus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="BCD–">BCD-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.7 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
This species is named after
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">baihu</emphasis>
|
||
(=白虎in Chinese, means white tiger) which is the totem of the local Tujia people.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Lichuan, only known from the type locality (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of Sinorachis Wu & Chen, gen. nov. Blue dot, Sinorachis aureus (Heude, 1890) comb. nov.; yellow dots, Sinorachis onychinus (Heude, 1885) comb. nov.; red dot, Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361273" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure1">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Hubei.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
This species was only found on the trunk of a tree (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A habitat of Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype B a diagram showing design of landmarks (solid orange dots) and semi-landmarks (empty orange dots). Arrow indicates the crossing point made by the right profile and the last part of the suture." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361281" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure9">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="taxonomic remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
The new species and the two species that were once placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Rhachodesmidae" genus="Rachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rachis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Rachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share many conchological features. However, typical sigmurethrous pallial complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-751410-9.50014-9" author="Solem, A" editor="Trueman, ER" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B14" refString="Solem, A, Trueman, ER, Clarke, MR, 1985. Academic Press, Orlando.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-751410-9.50014-9" title="Academic Press, Orlando" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-751410-9.50014-9" year="1985">Solem 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is observed in the new species. The new species is slightly smaller than and obviously thinner than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis onychinus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="onychinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis onychinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(height 16 mm, diam. maj. 11 mm:
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50365" author="Heude, PM" journalOrPublisher="Memoires concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'Empire chinois" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 84" refId="B2" refString="Heude, PM, 1882-1890. Notes sur les mollusques terrestres de la vallee du Fleuve Bleu. Memoires concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'Empire chinois 1882: 1 - 84" title="Notes sur les mollusques terrestres de la vallee du Fleuve Bleu." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50365" volume="1882" year="1882 - 1890">Heude 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 114, pl. 30, fig. 5). The new species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onychinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="onychinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. onychinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having evenly distributed pits each centrally with a hump on the embryonic shell. In
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onychinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="onychinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. onychinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the embryonic shell is smooth on the first 0.5 whorl, and is axially wrinkled on the subsequent protoconch whorls (0.5-1.25 whorl). On the remaining embryonic whorls, the sculpture is shown as evenly distributed tiny pits [examined material: SMF42825, SMF42826: Patung, Hupei, Mlldff. G., Slg. Kobelt u. Bttgr. SMF42827:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis onychinus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="onychinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis onychinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Rhachodesmidae" genus="Rhachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhachis chalcedonicus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcedonicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Rhachis chalcedonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as mentioned in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 234" refId="B19" refString="Yen, TC, 1939. Die chinesischen Land- und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 444: 1 - 234" title="Die chinesischen Land- und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg." volume="444" year="1939">Yen 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 91, pl. 8, fig. 47), SW Hubei, Gredler G., Slg. Mlldff. SMF1045593] that become weak or disappear altogether.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361281" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis baihu" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baihu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis baihu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., HBUMM08296-specimen 2, paratype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
|
||
a diagram showing design of landmarks (solid orange dots) and semi-landmarks (empty orange dots). Arrow indicates the crossing point made by the right profile and the last part of the suture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
In pulmonates the presence of a jaw is a ubiquitous characteristic related to herbivorous/ detritivorous/ fungivorous foraging strategies, while the absence of a jaw is correlated with predation/carnivorous foraging strategies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520250925.003.0015" author="Mordan, P" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B6" refString="Mordan, P, Wade, C, 2008. Heterobranchia II, the Pulmonata. In: Ponder WF, Lindberg DR (Eds) Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="Heterobranchia II, the Pulmonata. In: Ponder WF, Lindberg DR (Eds) Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca." url="https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520250925.003.0015" year="2008">Mordan and Wade 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the absence of a jaw also occurs in some non-carnivorous groups, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Achatinellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="family">Achatinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are fungivorous and have the jaw weakly developed or absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Natural History, supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B11" refString="Schileyko, AA, 1998a. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 1. Achatinellidae, Amastridae, Orculidae, Strobilopsidae, Spelaeodiscidae, Valloniidae, Cochlicopidae, Pupillidae, Chondrinidae, Pyramidulidae. Ruthenica (supplement 2): 1-127." title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 1. Achatinellidae, Amastridae, Orculidae, Strobilopsidae, Spelaeodiscidae, Valloniidae, Cochlicopidae, Pupillidae, Chondrinidae, Pyramidulidae. Ruthenica (supplement 2): 1 - 127." year="1998 a">Schileyko 1998a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The comparison between the new species and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Laeocathaica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laeocathaica prionotropis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="prionotropis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Laeocathaica prionotropis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1899 (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Bradybaeninae">Bradybaeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. SEM images A-E Sinorachis baihu Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov. HBUMM 08296 - specimen 2, paratype: A radula, showing central tooth (arrowed) and several lateral teeth B radula, showing tricuspid lateral teeth C radula, showing most lateral part D embryonic shell E magnified embryonic shell, showing some pits F-G radula of Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08299 - spec. 1: F showing central tooth (arrowed) and nearby lateral teeth G marginal part of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361278" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure6">Fig. 6F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
. HBUMM08299-spec. 1, Bikou, Wenxian, Gansu. Coll. Li, Q., April 2019) indicates they are two different types of radula. The latter species, a typical ground-dweller, is herbivorous snail, which has the robust cone-shaped and sparsely arranged radular teeth that seem to be typical in bradybaenine snails (e.g., compare it with fig. 4 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pa ́ ll-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="387 - 393" refId="B7" refString="Páll-Gergely, B, Hunyadi, A, 2016. The second species of Stenogyropsis (Moellendorff, 1899) from Gansu Province, China (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae). Journal of Conchology 42: 387 - 393" title="The second species of Stenogyropsis (Moellendorff, 1899) from Gansu Province, China (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae)." volume="42" year="2016">Páll-Gergely and Hunyadi 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while the new species has more slender and densely arranged radular teeth, which suggest the diet range of this species might not cover large plants and animals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.38445.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361282" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Scatter plot of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationship among
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Rhachodesmidae" genus="Rachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rachis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Rachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Albers, 1850 (bright blue dots),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cerastidae" genus="Rhachistia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhachistia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Rhachistia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Connolly, 1925 (grey-blue dots), Chinese
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Pseudobuliminus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobuliminus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Pseudobuliminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (orange dots), Chinese enid species (grey dots) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. (pink dots). a,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Sinorachis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinorachis onychinus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="onychinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Sinorachis onychinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Heude), SMF42826; b,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onychinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="onychinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. onychinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SMF104593; c,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. baihu" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="baihu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. baihu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wu & Chen, gen. and sp. nov., holotype; d,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onychinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="onychinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. onychinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SMF42825; e,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. aureus" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="aureus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. aureus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Heude), based on an image from
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50365" author="Heude, PM" journalOrPublisher="Memoires concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'Empire chinois" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 84" refId="B2" refString="Heude, PM, 1882-1890. Notes sur les mollusques terrestres de la vallee du Fleuve Bleu. Memoires concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'Empire chinois 1882: 1 - 84" title="Notes sur les mollusques terrestres de la vallee du Fleuve Bleu." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50365" volume="1882" year="1882 - 1890">Heude (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; f,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. onychinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="onychinus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. onychinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SMF42827.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |