treatments-xml/data/1D/19/59/1D1959F6E9A968D430A01AC30CB4A2CE.xml

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<mods:title id="F058DCC9496EE6F5F4B6414FAE313A21">Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7B925B23AD2216F3134EE0E73D510B3B">van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="1D1959F6E9A968D430A01AC30CB4A2CE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902477" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D1959F6E9A968D430A01AC30CB4A2CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D1959F6E9A968D430A01AC30CB4A2CE" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<subSubSection id="49754A6A39FD30B6C3E63509DF33EF16" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C20355B4E04EC599892AE8CDF47DA0A6" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="832C090CD5810DA0944292507626D5AE" ID-CoL="BMJ6" authority="Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
Aleiodes pictus (
<normalizedToken id="627DB8F8A7AC7C44E21A98DE5C1D8C8E" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
, 1838)
</taxonomicName>
Figs 272-273, 274-284
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4E0AFC8B695FCF5A4B7EBF0E813B769" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="BA4109B8322C924B891D4CE2B081B5DC" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="DFB20055EA52C43198236260865A0DF6" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Rogas pictus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="1917943343AFB6C2D3D8D0C98A2993F1" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
, 1838: 156 (type series lost); 
<bibRefCitation id="F002B1D1DD69C92ABFAB8C2348120338" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 1171 (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="FEB48BC789CEA220098F1A8F9A0E944A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6BD9A2E3FC55EC4B65A786A59260C0A" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="DB126B3CDC60C2C76370930F24967DC0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="9F5488ABAF5A0B68282FE315F44546DB" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Magyarorszag Allatvilaga [Fauna Hungariae]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 122" title="Parasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Braconidae. 18. Doryctinae. 19. Rogadinae." volume="167" year="1991">Papp 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 113 (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="96920051AA29CABF3502B9A1BEEFD5ED" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DB8CCB40852CCB25315D332509A7CC02" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="type material">
<paragraph id="956B78D348BF1773123CC7BB2E5A5143" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0273E0021087B98E6BB1CDDFABE4B118" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Neotype of 
<taxonomicName id="B2A91648A233E7D2F84B97439819D5E9" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
here designated, ♀ (NMS), &quot;Lower Austria, Raglitz, J. Connell, [ex] 
<taxonomicName id="35955002EEC0BD6F1638AE05D5E23F1E" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Camptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptogramma bilineata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">Camptogramma bilineata</taxonomicName>
, [coll.] 29.iii.2011, mum. 4.iv.[20]11, em. 29.iv.[20]11, [J. Connell reference number] XI 2.05.05 ♀4, died ca. 10.vii.2011&quot;. &quot;Voucher: BFW Sparkling Science Schwarzes C&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FD5D9B03F8B3A54DCB7BC6BDC2128F5" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="10B2D8361EBB76E8283CE1F18A199486" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21C90FC836FB902211A6D20EC2A6B845" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
*Austria, British Isles (*England V.C.s 3, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 40, 59, 65, 69; *Scotland: V.C.s 77, 83, 84, 88, 89, 96, 101, 105, 111; Ireland: 
<normalizedToken id="9495846D6B6EEA7B9B949AF79B917EC0" originalValue="“Westport”">&quot;Westport&quot;</normalizedToken>
), *Bulgaria, Czech Republic, *Finland, *France, Germany, Gibraltar (British territory), *Greece, Hungary, *Iceland, *Italy, Netherlands (DR: Drijber, LI: St. Pietersberg, ZH: Den Haag; Meijendel; Goeree; Ouddorp), *Norway, *Poland, *Portugal, *Romania, *Russia, *Serbia, *Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey. Specimens in NMS, BMNH, OUM, RMNH, ZSSM, SDEI, BZL, ZISP, CMIM, MSC, CNC, UWIM, JLC, H. Schnee collection, H. Haraldseide collection, World Museum Liverpool.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="40585E63C10EAF3C07D683CBFC33D0DF" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="molecular data">
<paragraph id="805E94CAAA8945B2B1D612BD6E7BA0B8" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Molecular data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EAE62BF861606FA913450C65A464B761" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">MRS518 (Austria KU682261, CO1), MRS549 (Austria KU682241, CO1), MRS556 (Austria KU682242, CO1), MRS719 (Austria KU682245, CO1), MRS784 (Austria KU682251, CO1), MRS785 (Austria KU682252, CO1).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ADE76B1F24BF0B0EBCF1A387516BBEF" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1166A040B2DB2BEF1A9C7946BD633B39" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3AAF094EF064B8AD0ED8F08D7265BAF0" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
This is a plurivoltine parasitoid, abundant in grassland habitats, of larvae of both geometrids and noctuids feeding in low vegetation, overwintering as a small larva in that of the host. Mummy made low down, more or less in concealment, brown and not swollen (Fig. 273). Specimens (in NMS unless stated otherwise) reared from wild-collected larvae of the larentiine geometrids 
<taxonomicName id="5C54D3E35C9F74448E2536E6E66B12AA" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Camptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptogramma bilineata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">Camptogramma bilineata</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus) (78:2; J. Connell [77 specimens from Austria resulting from a long term survey], A.R. Cronin), 
<taxonomicName id="25076DAE7BCF948A4D22CDA0541FB813" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epirrhoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epirrhoe alternata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternata">Epirrhoe alternata</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="7B3E7A4EA1363084F97FD69A88FE72A7" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
) (1; G.M. Haggett), 
<taxonomicName id="6BBF6D6F892666D8F8B71431CDBAE705" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lithostege" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithostege griseata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseata">Lithostege griseata</taxonomicName>
(Denis &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="AC50C238670F8B98C6EEB0C134421146" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
) (3:1; G.M. Haggett), 
<taxonomicName id="9CC5D1E91CC8CDC47FC24CDE0C4D60C5" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthorhoe fluctuata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluctuata">Xanthorhoe fluctuata</taxonomicName>
(Linneaus) (3:2; G.M. Haggett, G.E. King), and from the diverse range of noctuids 
<taxonomicName id="D7BD0689D81AB36C94B8F0DB9A0777E2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina ambigua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">Hoplodrina ambigua</taxonomicName>
(Denis &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="9421164EDF62C4248984DD320B6F259C" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
) (2:1; J. Connell/Austria), 
<taxonomicName id="BF77E92C8C579683ECB215CF56718255" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplodrina</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="134A701E47DCE818061C601A7AEE8F57" genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea blanda" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="blanda">blanda</taxonomicName>
(Denis &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="AC0632AF444E9094120AF9658B6F0CEA" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
), 
<taxonomicName id="FD2F8AD84607D8D5A88A69A076B1FE80" genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea octogenaria" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="octogenaria">octogenaria</taxonomicName>
(Goeze) and 
<taxonomicName id="341AAC6A381C603852645D60FDF5F1C8" genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea superstes" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="superstes">superstes</taxonomicName>
(Ochsenheimer) co-occurring but indistinguishable when small) (17:1; J. Connell/Austria), 
<taxonomicName id="2E75CED5FC44423A9B2C1EBCF1455826" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Agrotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agrotis exclamationis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exclamationis">Agrotis exclamationis</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus) (1; M.R. Shaw/France); 
<taxonomicName id="B1FB58AEC592D4488326C27E3EE06814" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noctua fimbriata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">Noctua fimbriata</taxonomicName>
(Schreber) (1; J. Connell/Austria); 
<taxonomicName id="0AC44493F89C34CE9496C5237B52972C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestia xanthographa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthographa">Xestia xanthographa</taxonomicName>
(Denis &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="ABE38684FE3A91091F9A2CFD0058E6F8" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
) (1; J. Connell/Austria), 
<taxonomicName id="E0BF599B27A44609FC16C57C4961BE16" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlogophora meticulosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulosa">Phlogophora meticulosa</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus) (1; M.R. Shaw); 
<taxonomicName id="FE4F17AC957EC5B66E563B8E4290F4BC" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Syngrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syngrapha interrogationis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interrogationis">Syngrapha interrogationis</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus) (1 ZMUO; J. 
<normalizedToken id="71328032C42CF48164D125F04405B855" originalValue="Itämes">Itaemes</normalizedToken>
/Finland). The Austrian material reared by J. Connell resulted from a prolonged survey of grassland caterpillars at a single site. Experimental cultures (specimens in NMS) as follows: 
<taxonomicName id="7CE31837323D70560A8323837FEEAD1F" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epirrhoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epirrhoe alternata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternata">Epirrhoe alternata</taxonomicName>
6:27\1\\1+0, 
<taxonomicName id="8D7D47738DFB812FF1078D9F39877F6F" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthorhoe fluctuata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluctuata">Xanthorhoe fluctuata</taxonomicName>
2:45\40\\25+14 [other females even more willing to oviposit (6: 86\84) but cultures lost to disease], 
<taxonomicName id="E00D3125F4C47A10F1B5AE3A0F76F265" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthorhoe montanata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanata">Xanthorhoe montanata</taxonomicName>
(Denis &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="049885ABBEE5E85777FFA14893EFBF61" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
) 3:15\15\\8+2, 
<taxonomicName id="ECC0DBE226B05DDDF45848BDCFA0CAE9" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestia xanthographa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthographa">Xestia xanthographa</taxonomicName>
2:2\0\\-, 
<taxonomicName id="A227EDE05F14C8DDFEA290A3CB11ADEE" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestia sexstrigata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexstrigata">Xestia sexstrigata</taxonomicName>
(Haworth) 2:3\1\\0+1, 
<taxonomicName id="3B48163F9DDE91CDFA84DB7D0DFB1FA3" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noctua fimbriata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">Noctua fimbriata</taxonomicName>
1:2\0\\- [This female was then boxed with 10 host larvae for 5 days: 6 hosts pupated; the other 4 died and on dissection were found to contain living parasitoid larvae], 
<taxonomicName id="4093F5E16617DEB39FE7BEFE0D5B2AD7" genus="Diarsi" lsidName="Diarsi rubi" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsi rubi</taxonomicName>
(Vieweg) 3:37\18\\0+12, 
<taxonomicName id="F6B902C0647FD87D24C776069D453BAF" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlogophora meticulosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulosa">Phlogophora meticulosa</taxonomicName>
2:17\0\\-. The males are aggressive and rather indiscriminate in courtship, seeming as interested in females of 
<taxonomicName id="BE6520C8B15B685A96BBA7B342CAF898" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
as their own species, but the 
<taxonomicName id="27E1EB36A05AA9E100D4EB78348F247E" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
females always repelled them successfully. Males of 
<taxonomicName id="BD95E97E51A7FCF3C0EAA5359CFFD54A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
are, however, somewhat less interested in females of 
<taxonomicName id="C8712AAF771BE269AF4A1452F12489A3" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes leptofemur" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptofemur">Aleiodes leptofemur</taxonomicName>
. Mating trials between specimens from 
<taxonomicName id="9137025F00940E7FFBC6B0E66F22E8F0" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplodrina</taxonomicName>
spp. and 
<taxonomicName id="2658D874E92AB6F461AE04B9146D08F8" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Camptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptogramma bilineata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">Camptogramma bilineata</taxonomicName>
(all from the same site in Austria) repeatedly indicated that females from both series were less willing to mate with males from the other than with males reared from the same host as themselves; however, several cooperative matings (that then seemed normal, though of often shorter duration) were obtained and (from very limited trials) no difference was 
<pageBreakToken id="B21CA91FD5674FB3D411653CBE93F2BE" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="start">seen</pageBreakToken>
in behaviour towards hosts by females of different host origin (but 
<taxonomicName id="C8B08A5E691E8B65A020D703B333D1B9" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplodrina</taxonomicName>
larvae were not available for experiments). However, the possibility that specimens from 
<taxonomicName id="7E3C7F30C1C926E98707459CDEE50D1D" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hoplodrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodrina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplodrina</taxonomicName>
(which differ slightly in their morphology, particularly colour) are at least some way towards representing a genetic isolate cannot be ruled out, as most of the experimental results involved females from 
<taxonomicName id="8C8D0305D997CC99323499080452FFA0" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Camptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptogramma bilineata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">Camptogramma bilineata</taxonomicName>
(but also the female from 
<taxonomicName id="3FC0835E89AD8D9B2C93BF0EEEE46D7B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noctua fimbriata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">Noctua fimbriata</taxonomicName>
whose behaviour was essentially the same). A host range encompassing both 
<taxonomicName id="B3A792C9A2B84A246902BD1039E4BEE2" family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="60982855BC7E8EF708C90009FA6BEAFE" family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
is unusual in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="11A814D8FA23054262E384ED8C68EDDC" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
, but the species is evidently rather specialised to a narrow range of taxa in each family. The adult flight period is May to September in Britain.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A0D09CA1975080D083EF267863F5956C" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<paragraph id="7D69A94EF95974EA53D8E0EB5A8BAEA3" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Figures 272-273. 
<taxonomicName id="9050477CBF92BC20A1D51AB521DE8335" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="0F1F70861C489C446A5F33DFEE8C340E" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
), ♀, neotype. 272 habitus lateral 273 mummy of 
<taxonomicName id="443968D0B26E0A91FE83B5002177E36C" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Camptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptogramma bilineata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">Camptogramma bilineata</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27DBB96A7CEABBAA74C6AE202D838F90" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3F7769D1A50457F5CE861DCD36A9FA31" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="55511D7C770E30F198653062C795AFAF" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Antennal segments of ♀ (35 
<normalizedToken id="40B630829FB90014A8C52491E4D0D9EF" originalValue="–)36–">-)36-</normalizedToken>
40, of ♂ (36 
<normalizedToken id="A614E7210312337AD10BC4921D06C46B" originalValue="–)37–">-)37-</normalizedToken>
41; pale area of orbita of ♀ rather wide (Figs 281-282); mesopleuron with some rugulae; mesoster 
<pageBreakToken id="D94697CC0CA4AD59F67A6B8E18B32B60" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" start="start">num</pageBreakToken>
almost always strongly darkened or black and usually sharply defined; width of hypoclypeal depression 0.3-0.4 
<normalizedToken id="9B97AA4D3271A0C075DC549C41426D54" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
minimum width of face (Fig. 280); OOL 1.3 
<normalizedToken id="7D170EBEC00FCFEEE3D869958831D9AD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
diameter of posterior ocellus; mesoscutum antero-laterally and pronotum medio-anteriorly very often brownish yellow; length of first tergite of ♀ 1.0-1.1 
<normalizedToken id="E392F995CF4A153280837D1B6DD0491F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its apical width; second tergite often less wide than in 
<taxonomicName id="9913573EC688D8E87D25AFB2F53903FC" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 276); fore and hind tarsi comparatively slender (Figs 277-278); pterostigma yellow anteriorly; middle to distal third of hind femur partly or entirely dark brown; mummy not swollen, usually light brown (Fig. 273).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E85E8D0BDA197236FAC3D4064BF76595" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<paragraph id="E0DF81D59924FBD15A44B172DA8AD6CD" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Figures 274-284. 
<taxonomicName id="2BCB82708BB98FED57DE72CA24BAB3C0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="F03E2F5BF5D59A000D6D48BA4C43C218" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
), ♀, neotype. 274 wings 275 mesosoma lateral 276 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 277 hind leg lateral 278 fore femur lateral 279 antenna 280 head anterior 281 head lateral 282 head dorsal 283 basal segments of antenna 284 apical segments of antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB9EEE95FF5D15597B583E1DB277CA47" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="description">
<paragraph id="175CD020A517EB1C73BACF7303B6B940" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="881D30278DFC8886935A588A0A6EB491" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Neotype, ♀, length of fore wing 4.6 mm, of body 4.9 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C21549131B964B78FB4E1C8026B75921" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Head. Antennal segments 37 (right) and 38 (left), length of antenna 1.2 
<normalizedToken id="358AF068574D859DD0874D37F4272308" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
fore wing, its subapical segments about 1.6 
<normalizedToken id="DF212AD5F93A3F4EEDF40C6FAC5B3CD6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; frons granulate and some rugulae, with satin sheen; OOL 1.3 
<normalizedToken id="A668C0E59AD5DBD2337A0CC2364F7A57" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
diameter of posterior ocellus (POL equal to ocellus); vertex superficially granulate, with satin sheen; clypeus distinctly convex and largely nearly smooth; ventral margin of clypeus thick and depressed (Fig. 281); width of hypoclypeal depression 0.3 
<normalizedToken id="BC7F848029F6F4DD8C64BFD5B35BDA02" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
minimum width of face (Fig. 280) and face mainly granulate-coriaceous with some rugulae medially; length of eye 2.8 
<normalizedToken id="1816A5146AFB5EAFFAFEA9DAD0664212" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
temple in dorsal view and temple gradually narrowed behind eye (Fig. 282); occiput behind stemmaticum granulate-coriaceous and occipital carina absent medio-dorsally and interruption slightly less than width of stemmaticum (Fig. 282); clypeus partly above lower level of eyes (Fig. 280); length of malar space 0.4 
<normalizedToken id="2CD18C919E6C9AFA2815388563D05A86" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of eye in lateral view; eyes moderately protruding (Figs 280-282).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="322EDFA52C5B08D790626EB46B53251A" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Mesosoma. Mesoscutal lobes finely granulate-coriaceous, with satin sheen, but medio-posteriorly rugose; notauli narrow, moderately impressed and finely crenulate, but posteriorly merging in rugose area; prepectal carina narrow lamelliform and reaching anterior border; precoxal area of mesopleuron coriaceous and with some rugae medially (Fig. 275); mesopleuron above precoxal area (except small nearly smooth and shiny speculum) antero-dorsally distinctly rugose and granulate-coriaceous; medially metapleuron granulate, matt; mesosternal sulcus narrow and rather deep, but posteriorly shallow and with a fine carina; mesosternum rather angulate posteriorly; scutellum nearly flat, superficially coriaceous and only antero-laterally carinate; propodeum rather flat and coriaceous with rugae, median carina nearly complete, without tubercles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08CF3BF766F6D7BC6681A24471B5EEAC" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Wings. Fore wing: r 0.3 
<normalizedToken id="77B67C9A25C71C85A087294BF1DB12C1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-SR (Fig. 274); 1-CU1 horizontal, 0.4 
<normalizedToken id="315A6A904F28827231B4B3CCE9739BF5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as 2-CU1; r-m 0.7 
<normalizedToken id="0C683E44618A9FD456193F24BD0295A9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-SR, and 0.4 
<normalizedToken id="CEBC512686D9007E580DCA25C8284B11" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-SR; second submarginal cell slender (Fig. 274); cu-a slightly oblique, not parallel with CU1b, straight; 1-M slightly curved posteriorly. Hind wing: apical half of marginal cell somewhat widened apically (Fig. 274); 2-SC+R subquadrate; m-cu medium-sized, unpigmented; M+CU:1-M = 50:39; 1r-m 0.6 
<normalizedToken id="2728BB1C1023D0974BB7E7479B0198EC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as 1-M.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B819ABAA2D5454160C1603208A55DABC" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Legs. Tarsal claws setose; hind coxa granulate-coriaceous, matt; hind trochantellus 2.5 
<normalizedToken id="C36B158247A11943B4ACBD0E73F08CC5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; length of fore and hind femora 6.1 and 4.9 
<normalizedToken id="17B43549087AC2B7098E3E21F39F9213" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their width, respectively (Figs 277-278); hind femur pimply; inner apex of hind tibia without comb; length of inner hind spur 0.3 
<normalizedToken id="A8BB29586689EE39C0C0A75C2D7D8CA3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
hind basitarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CEBB1E2BB077F9A0BE7E89CCE243946E" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Metasoma. First tergite 1.1 
<normalizedToken id="5A95F47DE96BCE10086909144C835B2E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide posteriorly, convex, but posteriorly flattened; first and second tergites densely longitudinally rugose; second tergite slen 
<pageBreakToken id="5836AC28DE0F7841D0723AC076FFC69E" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" start="start">derer</pageBreakToken>
than is usual in 
<taxonomicName id="2BB41B2220D122D8CB7D6270F1971832" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 276), with distinct median carina, with satin sheen; medio-basal area of second tergite absent; second suture distinctly impressed and crenulate; third tergite largely coriaceous (but anteriorly rugose) and medially 0.7 
<normalizedToken id="284838F868E8C41F30108EDBEBE8B941" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as second tergite (Fig. 276); remainder of metasoma largely nearly smooth and 
<pageBreakToken id="4A5E8881FF71D0737FE0088E752C7B16" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" start="start">rather</pageBreakToken>
shiny; fourth and apical half of third tergite without sharp lateral crease; ovipositor sheath moderately setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE306C1CA1BDE16D36D73401489BF5F9" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Colour. Black or brownish black; antenna brown, but scapus and pedicellus dorsally and laterally and apical half of antenna dark brown; malar space (except near eye), palpi, tegulae, fore and middle coxae, trochanters and trochantelli, first tergite medio-posteriorly, second tergite medially and third tergite narrowly medially pale yellowish (Fig. 276); orbita posteriorly and dorsally widely brownish yellow (Figs 281-282) and remainder of head black; dorso-posteriorly pronotum brown; mesoscutum with notaulic and medio-posterior area brownish yellow; mesosternum narrowly anteriorly behind prepectal carina, ventral half of mesopleuron and posteriorly orange brown; hind femur (except basally and apex) dark brown (Fig. 272); scutellum dark reddish brown medially; veins (except dark brown veins 1-SR, 1-M, r and CU1) brown; pterostigma pale yellowish, but posteriorly somewhat darkened (Figs 272, 274); wing membrane subhyaline.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B6BF9B3BE1F634860D3B3D25BF75FB7" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Variation. Length of fore wing 3.8-4.6 mm; antennal segments of ♀ 34(1), 35(5), 36(27), 37(52), 38(64), 39(38), 40(9) and of ♂ 36(9), 37(22), 38(39), 39(34), 40(18), 41(4); vein r of fore wing 0.4 
<normalizedToken id="BB970842AD034A996C29CD0A9211FCB8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
vein 3-SR; clypeus 0.3-0.4 
<normalizedToken id="4FC654AE27C5D702766705B51DE1B670" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as face; length of first tergite of ♀ 1.0-1.1 
<normalizedToken id="11E37C02C0A0F3B2902670147FFF1A05" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its apical width; pterostigma medially and anteriorly yellow; malar space largely dark brown to largely pale yellow; pronotum medio-anteriorly and scutellum brownish yellow or dark brown; medially metapleuron black or orange brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="213854C11DC194A4E5A8D2B53BD99A83" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="notes">
<paragraph id="6C938E918AC19568B6937D751D9D8FF0" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F3B6EF02AA74CAA0BD0481878A16863" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Males have on average about one more antennal segments than females. In some populations pale specimens (including hind femur and much of face) occur that superficially resemble 
<taxonomicName id="162B120BACA3D1F36E3148A8A7C6CE71" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes leptofemur" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptofemur">Aleiodes leptofemur</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished by their more robust femora. For further notes see 
<taxonomicName id="5CE27D77A093DE3093097D2BFA6BD44B" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>