treatments-xml/data/14/0A/87/140A87BEFFCAFA58D3856518984E6EE7.xml

<document id="57A814D2D10EAC71104F8B6DB4D043A4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3646.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea959548-1033-409c-b017-6b8044102ec3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219516" ID-ZooBank="2DBB9DA5-62CA-4920-8B18-AAEDE7619A91" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460600998340" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Das, Abhijit, Chetia, Mitali, Dutta, Sushil Kumar &amp; Sengupta, Saibal" docDate="2013" docId="140A87BEFFCAFA58D3856518984E6EE7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03646p348.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3646 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Duttaphrynus chandai Das, Chetia, Dutta &amp; Sengupta, 2013, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="346" masterDocId="E833FFC6FFC8FA52D31260709D386C70" masterDocTitle="A new species of Duttaphrynus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Northeast India" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="336" pageNumber="338" updateTime="1698327425016" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6CCD2A49D3E6C3886A48CCEDD3F8B657">A new species of Duttaphrynus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Northeast India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6C5E500D150A65090CCA38FB0D956E86">Das, Abhijit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="637A39DFC1DA590D03F3015DCC4D0B8B">Chetia, Mitali</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0EDB0F203FF9DE518F6A63EE044092D">Dutta, Sushil Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17F2D76DF71BDA90A5161A3453978713">Sengupta, Saibal</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="C75481C4FFCAFA50D38565189F0669F2" bold="true" box="[151,574,1384,1410]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" reason="1">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCAFA50D38565189F0669F2" bold="true" box="[151,574,1384,1410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCAFA50D38565189C9F69F2" ID-CoL="6DPS4" box="[151,423,1384,1410]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCAFA50D38565189C9F69F2" bold="true" box="[151,423,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">Duttaphrynus chandai</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="04982A2DFFCAFA50D38D65FB9DE269D3" box="[159,218,1419,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1220,1243]" captionTargetBox="[470,1113,208,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[463,1123,195,1196]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral view of the Holotype of D. chandai sp. nov. (ZSIC A 1453)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">Fig 2</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="04982A2DFFCAFA50D3EC65FB9C3469D3" box="[254,268,1419,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1466,1489]" captionTargetBox="[471,1114,473,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[460,1126,463,1460]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. Live photograph of Duttaphrynus chandai sp. nov. (A 1043) B. Side view of anterior body C. dorsal view of anterior body D. Ventrum E. Ventral view of hand F. Ventral view of the foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219519/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">3</figureCitation>
, Table I)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D4B96523FFCAFA50D38565A39ECA6B44" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCAFA50D38565A39C5D6A46" blockId="2.[151,1436,1491,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCAFA50D38565A39C35699B" bold="true" box="[151,269,1491,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCAFA50D38565A39C30699B" box="[151,264,1491,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
ZSIC A 11453, adult male from Khonoma village, 25° 38. 505’ and 94° 01.479’, 
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. asl., collected on 
<date id="E81D1068FFCAFA50D3A965899C4B6A61" box="[187,371,1526,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" value="2008-03-18">18th march 2008</date>
, small rocky first order stream, ca. 
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wide at the collection location. Collected by A. Das and P. Choudhury.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCAFA50D3D566329ECA6B44" blockId="2.[151,1436,1491,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCAFA50D3D566329C076A2A" box="[199,319,1602,1626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCAFA50D3D566329C076A2A" bold="true" box="[199,319,1602,1626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: Adult females (ZSIC 
<accessionNumber id="83F0AB4BFFCAFA50D12C66329F986A29" box="[574,672,1601,1626]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A11456" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" type="EnaNcbi">A 11456</accessionNumber>
) and a sub-adult female (ZSIC A11455) from Khonoma village, 25° 38. 505’ and 94° 01.479’, 
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. asl., collected on 
<date id="E81D1068FFCAFA50D1E066189E936AF0" box="[754,939,1638,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" value="2008-03-18">18th march 2008</date>
, small rocky 1st order stream; adult females ZSIC A 11454 and AVCM A1044 from Thekhekhwei hill, 25° 38. 071’ and 93° 56.652, 1787m. asl., 
<quantity id="5B5B9B4DFFCAFA50D60066FC98736AD4" box="[1298,1355,1676,1700]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
east to Khonoma village, Nagaland state of 
<collectingCountry id="E4B47638FFCAFA50D13D66C09F546AB8" box="[559,620,1712,1736]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="E81D1068FFCAFA50D16466C09E696AB8" box="[630,849,1712,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" value="2010-09-29">29 September 2010</date>
, at 1830 h., from a slash and burn (
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCAFA50D7CA66C1982C6AB9" box="[1240,1300,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">Jhum</emphasis>
) cultivation area close to a small rocky stream. Collector A. Das; adult male AVCM A 0 964, 25° 37. 733’ and 94° 00.623’, 
<quantity id="5B5B9B4DFFCAFA50D38566889DD66B60" box="[151,238,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.775" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" unit="m" value="1775.0">1775 m</quantity>
. asl., Hievibakie hill, 
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east to Khonoma village, 
<date id="E81D1068FFCAFA50D02C6688992F6B60" box="[830,1047,1784,1808]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" value="2009-09-16">16 September 2009</date>
at 0 800 h. near Dzuku Base camp, under rotten log ca. 
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away from motorable gravel road. Collector A. Das.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCAFA50D3D567309E8F6BD0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1491,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCAFA50D3D567309C7B6B29" bold="true" box="[199,323,1856,1881]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
These specimens were allocated to 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCAFA50D1E267319EB26B29" box="[752,906,1857,1881]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCAFA50D1E267319EB26B29" box="[752,906,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">Duttaphrynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for showing the following suit of diagnostic characters: presence of cranial ridges, parotid glands; fingers free with moderate toe webbing, rough and tuberculated skin, absence of parietal ridge, tarsal ridge and tibia gland.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCBFA51D38564B4990E68AA" blockId="3.[151,1078,1220,1243]" box="[151,1078,1220,1243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCBFA51D38564B49C2B68AA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1220,1243]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Dorsal and ventral view of the Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCBFA51D1C064B69E7B68AB" box="[722,835,1221,1243]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCBFA51D1C064B69E7B68AB" box="[722,835,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">D. chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5E457C1FFCBFA51D05B64B59EA068AA" box="[841,920,1221,1242]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZSIC A 1453)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCBFA51D3D56577987569FB" blockId="3.[151,1436,1287,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">
This new species is diagnosable from congeneric species in showing the following suite of characters: Large size (adult male, 67.5–88.1 and female, 
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), head much wider, tympanum hidden or partly visible under a skin fold, small eye, obscure cranial ridges, fingers long and thin, pointed warts and presence of a cream coloured mid dorsal line. Morphometric and mesural features of 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCBFA51D07E65039EF669FB" box="[876,974,1395,1419]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCBFA51D7166504995769FC" box="[1028,1135,1396,1420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are listed in Table I
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D4B96523FFCBFA54D3D565E79DEA6D14" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="342" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" type="description">
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCBFA51D3D565E79E116BDD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1287,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCBFA51D3D565E79E7269C0" bold="true" box="[199,842,1431,1456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCBFA51D26865E89CD969C0" box="[378,481,1432,1456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(ZSIC A 11453; adult male):
</emphasis>
A large toad (SVL 
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), habitus stout, cloacal opening at upper level of thighs; head large (HL/SVL ratio 0.29) wider than long (HL/HWAJ ratio 0.82), and about three and half times of its depth (HL/HDN ratio 3.55); snout more than one third of head length (SL:HL ratio 0.39), obtusely pointed when viewed dorsally and laterally; barely projecting beyond mandible; angle of jaw extends beyond posterior corner of the eye up to the anterior part of the parotid; nostrils rounded not raised and with a marginal dermal flap on dorsal side, placed dorsolaterally, nearer to the tip of snout than to eye (EN/NS ratio 1.09); internarial distance smaller than inter orbital distance (INS/IOS ratio 0.60) but equal to distance from anterior margin of eye to nostril (INS/EN ratio 1.00); eye large (ED/HL ratio 0.37); its diameter greater than eye to nostril distance (ED/EN ratio 1.75); pineal ocellus absent; interorbital space flattened; canthus rostralis slightly oblique; loreal region greatly concave; a highly depressed symphysial knob on anterior edge of mandible; Choanae rounded and well separated, vomerine ridge posterior to choanae and perpendicular to the body axis.; tongue oval, two lateral flaps at free end, lacking papillae and median lingual process; pupil elliptical; tympanum slightly visible mostly hidden under skin fold. Canthal, supraorbital and parietal cranial ridges present. Parotid gland wide and elongated (PGL: PGB ratio = 3.12), less than ¹/3 rd of SVL (PGL: SVL ratio 0.27), separated from each other by a distance (
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) less than its length (PGL 
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).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCCFA56D38560E79C326CDF" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data for the type series of 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCCFA56D1D460E89E8D6CDF" box="[710,949,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCCFA56D1D460E89E8D6CDF" box="[710,949,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Duttaphrynus chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5E457C1FFCCFA56D0AE60E899366CDF" box="[956,1038,152,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCCFA56D38D60BB98206ABF" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<table id="EEA3C408FFCC05ADD38D60BA98BF6ABF" box="[159,1415,202,1743]" gridcols="7" gridrows="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D60BA98BF6D21" box="[159,1415,202,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D60BA9C286D21" box="[159,272,202,337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Parameters SVL SL</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23960BA9CE66D21" box="[299,478,202,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">A ZSIC A 11453 (3) Holotype 67.5 7.4</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E460BA9F9A6D21" box="[502,674,202,337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">A ZSIC A 11454 (Ƥ) Paratype 86.1 7.6</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE60BA9E686D21" box="[700,848,202,337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">ZSIC A 11455 (Ƥ) Paratype 61.2 5.9</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E60BA9EC76D21" box="[876,1023,202,337]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
ZSIC 
<accessionNumber id="83F0AB4BFFCCFA56D0BB60BB9EC76C90" box="[937,1023,202,224]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A11456" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" type="EnaNcbi">A 11456</accessionNumber>
(Ƥ) Paratype 83.6 8.3
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD72060BA99F46D21" box="[1074,1228,202,337]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">AVCM A 0 964 (3) Paratype 88.1 8.3</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE60BA98BF6D21" box="[1260,1415,202,337]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">AVCM A 1044 (Ƥ) Paratype 81.0 8.3</th>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D611598BF6D0B" box="[159,1415,357,379]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D61159C286D0B" box="[159,272,357,379]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">EN</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23961159CE66D0B" box="[299,478,357,379]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">4.1</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E461159F9A6D0B" box="[502,674,357,379]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">4.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE61159E686D0B" box="[700,848,357,379]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">3.8</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E61159EC76D0B" box="[876,1023,357,379]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">5.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD720611599F46D0B" box="[1074,1228,357,379]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">5.3</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE611598BF6D0B" box="[1260,1415,357,379]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">4.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D61FF98BF6DD4" box="[159,1415,399,420]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D61FF9C286DD4" box="[159,272,399,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">NS</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23961FF9CE66DD4" box="[299,478,399,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">3.8</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E461FF9F9A6DD4" box="[502,674,399,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">3.3</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE61FF9E686DD4" box="[700,848,399,420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">2.3</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E61FF9EC76DD4" box="[876,1023,399,420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">3.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD72061FF99F46DD4" box="[1074,1228,399,420]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">3.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE61FF98BF6DD4" box="[1260,1415,399,420]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D61C898BF6EEC" box="[159,1415,440,668]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D61C89C286EEC" box="[159,272,440,668]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">INS IOS ED HL HWAE HWPE</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23961C89CE66EEC" box="[299,478,440,668]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">4.1 6.8 7.2 19.3 9.6 20.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E461C89F9A6EEC" box="[502,674,440,668]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">6.0 8.6 9.3 27.8 11.8 26.4</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE61C89E686EEC" box="[700,848,440,668]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">4.1 6.3 7.5 21.1 10.9 20.9</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E61C89EC76EEC" box="[876,1023,440,668]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">5.1 7.4 9.0 23 12.8 25.3</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD72061C899F46EEC" box="[1074,1228,440,668]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">5.6 9.9 6.7 27.5 14.0 26.3</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE61C898BF6EEC" box="[1260,1415,440,668]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">5.4 9.7 8.5 27.7 12.3 28.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D62C098BF6F31" box="[159,1415,688,833]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D62C09C286F31" box="[159,272,688,833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">HWAJ HDN MN MAE</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23962C09CE66F31" box="[299,478,688,833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">23.5 5.4 18.5 15.1</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E462C09F9A6F31" box="[502,674,688,833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">31.9 6.5 24.8 21.2</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE62C09E686F31" box="[700,848,688,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">24.6 4.6 18.8 14.5</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E62C09EC76F31" box="[876,1023,688,833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">32.8 6.3 22.5 19.7</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD72062C099F46F31" box="[1074,1228,688,833]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">33.6 5.7 25.4 22.2</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE62C098BF6F31" box="[1260,1415,688,833]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">32.1 5.4 25.8 21.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D632598BF6F1B" box="[159,1415,853,875]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D63259C286F1B" box="[159,272,853,875]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">MPE</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23963259CE66F1B" box="[299,478,853,875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">9.2</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E463259F9A6F1B" box="[502,674,853,875]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">13.3</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE63259E686F1B" box="[700,848,853,875]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">9.6</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E63259EC76F1B" box="[876,1023,853,875]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">12.8</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD720632599F46F1B" box="[1074,1228,853,875]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">13.8</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE632598BF6F1B" box="[1260,1415,853,875]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">14.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D630F98BF6FE4" box="[159,1415,895,916]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D630F9C286FE4" box="[159,272,895,916]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">IAE</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD239630F9CE66FE4" box="[299,478,895,916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">8.9</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E4630F9F9A6FE4" box="[502,674,895,916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">10.1</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE630F9E686FE4" box="[700,848,895,916]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">8.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E630F9EC76FE4" box="[876,1023,895,916]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">10.2</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD720630F99F46FE4" box="[1074,1228,895,916]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">12.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE630F98BF6FE4" box="[1260,1415,895,916]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D63D898BF6F97" box="[159,1415,936,999]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D63D89C286F97" box="[159,272,936,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">IPE FLL</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23963D89CE66F97" box="[299,478,936,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">15.6 59.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E463D89F9A6F97" box="[502,674,936,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">19.5 61.8</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE63D89E686F97" box="[700,848,936,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">16.7 42.6</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E63D89EC76F97" box="[876,1023,936,999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">21.7 53.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD72063D899F46F97" box="[1074,1228,936,999]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">20.6 53.5</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE63D898BF6F97" box="[1260,1415,936,999]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">20.2 61.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D638B98BF6849" box="[159,1415,1019,1081]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D638B9C286849" box="[159,272,1019,1081]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">F1 F2</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD239638B9CE66849" box="[299,478,1019,1081]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">13.3 12.5</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E4638B9F9A6849" box="[502,674,1019,1081]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">18.1 17.8</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE638B9E686849" box="[700,848,1019,1081]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">12.2 11.5</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E638B9EC76849" box="[876,1023,1019,1081]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">17.3 16.3</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD720638B99F46849" box="[1074,1228,1019,1081]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">19.9 19.7</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE638B98BF6849" box="[1260,1415,1019,1081]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">17.4 17.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D643D98BF6813" box="[159,1415,1101,1123]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D643D9C286813" box="[159,272,1101,1123]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">F3</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD239643D9CE66813" box="[299,478,1101,1123]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">19.4</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E4643D9F9A6813" box="[502,674,1101,1123]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">24.5</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE643D9E686813" box="[700,848,1101,1123]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">17.1</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E643D9EC76813" box="[876,1023,1101,1123]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">21.8</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD720643D99F46813" box="[1074,1228,1101,1123]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">26.1</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE643D98BF6813" box="[1260,1415,1101,1123]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">23.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D640798BF68FC" box="[159,1415,1143,1164]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D64079C2868FC" box="[159,272,1143,1164]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">F4</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23964079CE668FC" box="[299,478,1143,1164]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">17.4</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E464079F9A68FC" box="[502,674,1143,1164]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">19.8</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE64079E6868FC" box="[700,848,1143,1164]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">14.3</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E64079EC768FC" box="[876,1023,1143,1164]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">17.3</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD720640799F468FC" box="[1074,1228,1143,1164]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">20.7</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE640798BF68FC" box="[1260,1415,1143,1164]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">18.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D64D098BF69F4" box="[159,1415,1184,1412]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D64D09C2869F4" box="[159,272,1184,1412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">IMC OMC TBL TBW T1 T2</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23964D09CE669F4" box="[299,478,1184,1412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">3.4 5.1 28.8 8.0 11.5 16.5</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E464D09F9A69F4" box="[502,674,1184,1412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">3.4 5.5 29.4 11.1 15.2 19.2</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE64D09E6869F4" box="[700,848,1184,1412]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">2.9 3.7 24.9 6.7 11.3 13.8</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E64D09EC769F4" box="[876,1023,1184,1412]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">4.8 5.3 32.5 11.5 12.5 17.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD72064D099F469F4" box="[1074,1228,1184,1412]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">6.2 4.4 35.5 11.1 15.3 21.5</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE64D098BF69F4" box="[1260,1415,1184,1412]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">4.0 5.3 32.9 11.2 15.3 20.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D65E898BF6A0C" box="[159,1415,1432,1660]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D65E89C286A0C" box="[159,272,1432,1660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">T3 T4 T5 IMT OMT PGL</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23965E89CE66A0C" box="[299,478,1432,1660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">23.7 31.7 21.8 3.5 3.3 18.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E465E89F9A6A0C" box="[502,674,1432,1660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">27.2 38.0 26.0 5.0 3.9 21.5</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE65E89E686A0C" box="[700,848,1432,1660]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">18.5 26.2 17.7 3.1 2.5 14.5</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E65E89EC76A0C" box="[876,1023,1432,1660]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">24.4 32.1 23.8 4.5 3.1 20.5</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD72065E899F46A0C" box="[1074,1228,1432,1660]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">27.6 38.3 26.5 5.1 4.7 22.0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE65E898BF6A0C" box="[1260,1415,1432,1660]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">26.5 35.5 24.3 4.2 3.4 20.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCC05ADD38D66E098BF6ABF" box="[159,1415,1680,1743]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
<th id="61425D96FFCC05ADD38D66E09C286ABF" box="[159,272,1680,1743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">PGW P-P</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD23966E09CE66ABF" box="[299,478,1680,1743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">5.8 10.8</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD2E466E09F9A6ABF" box="[502,674,1680,1743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">6.3 10.1</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD1AE66E09E686ABF" box="[700,848,1680,1743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">6.1 8.6</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD07E66E09EC76ABF" box="[876,1023,1680,1743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">8.3 11.4</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD72066E099F46ABF" box="[1074,1228,1680,1743]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">8.5 13.2</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCC05ADD7FE66E098BF6ABF" box="[1260,1415,1680,1743]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">6.9 10.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCCFA57D3D5676599626DDC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1812,2016]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="341" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
Fore limbs moderately long (FLL/SVL ratio = 0.88) and stout; fingers slender, free of web; relative length of fingers: II&lt;I&lt;IV&lt;III; finger tips round slightly swollen; subarticular tubercles prominent; outer metacarpal large and oblong; inner metacarpal tubercle small elongated not extending out under finger I. Hindlimb long (HLL:SVL ratio 1.39), Tibia long (TBL/SVL ratio 0.43), more than three and half times of its width (TBL/TBW ratio 3.60); tibia tarsus articulation reaches the middle of the parotid gland; heels remain seperated when hind limbs are flexed and held perpendicular to body; toe tips weakly differentiated, not truncate apically; lateral fringes present on all toes; relative length of toes: 1&lt;2&lt;5&lt;3&lt;4; Toe webbed (Webbing formula 
<date id="E81D1068FFCDFA57D0F460E89EC36CDF" box="[998,1019,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D0F460E89EC96CC0" bold="true" box="[998,1009,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">I</emphasis>
1
</date>
½-1½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFCDFA57D75360E899586CDF" box="[1089,1120,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D75360E8996F6CC0" bold="true" box="[1089,1111,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">II</emphasis>
1
</date>
½-2½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFCDFA57D7B460E899E86CDF" box="[1190,1232,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D7B460E899FF6CC0" bold="true" box="[1190,1223,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">III</emphasis>
1
</date>
½-3½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFCDFA57D60460E8987A6CDF" box="[1302,1346,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D60460E8980D6CC0" bold="true" box="[1302,1333,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">IV</emphasis>
3
</date>
½-1½ 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D69660E898AD6CC0" bold="true" box="[1412,1429,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">V</emphasis>
. Subarticular tubercles on toes indistinct; super numerary tubercles on hands and toes; outer metatarsal tubercle depressed; an elongated inner metatarsal tubercles (IMT:Toe I ratio 0.30); cloacal opening directed posteroventrally, little below the upper level of the thigh. Skin on dorsal surface granulated, with irregularly arranged scarce pointed tubercles. Head between eye smooth, flat tubercles on upper eyelid, large irregular shaped tubercle on tympanic region, a patch of irregular wart behind eye; two rows of enlarged tubercles on flank; forelimb upper part with small pointed tubercles, hindlimb upper surface with large pointed tubercles. Ventrally trunk and chin warty; lower part of shank and foot finely tuberculated, thigh with large flat tubercles.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C8DC6620FFCDFA57D38565CA9E93699F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219519/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" targetBox="[471,1114,473,1445]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCDFA57D38565CA9E93699F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1466,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D38565CA9C1569A0" bold="true" box="[151,301,1466,1489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">FIGURE 3. A</emphasis>
. Live photograph of 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCDFA57D11B65CB9FD569A1" box="[521,749,1467,1489]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D11B65CB9FD569A1" box="[521,749,1467,1489]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">Duttaphrynus chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5E457C1FFCDFA57D1E665CC9E7D69A1" box="[756,837,1468,1489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A 1043) 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D0A265CB9EF969A0" bold="true" box="[944,961,1467,1488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">B</emphasis>
. Side view of anterior body 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D7FB65CA99C369A1" bold="true" box="[1257,1275,1466,1489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">C</emphasis>
. dorsal view of anterior body 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D23765AA9C0F699F" bold="true" box="[293,311,1498,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">D</emphasis>
. Ventrum 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D2B365AA9C8A699F" bold="true" box="[417,434,1498,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">E</emphasis>
. Ventral view of hand 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D18B65AA9F9E699F" bold="true" box="[665,678,1498,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">F</emphasis>
. Ventral view of the foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCDFA57D3D5666C99866AD0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1564,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D3D5666C9F2D6A45" bold="true" box="[199,533,1564,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">
Condition of the 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCDFA57D29D666D9CFA6A45" box="[399,450,1565,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">type</typeStatus>
series:
</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCDFA57D15F666D9FBD6A45" box="[589,645,1565,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">Type</typeStatus>
series (ZSIC A 11453, ZSIC A 11454, ZSIC A 11455, ZSIC 
<accessionNumber id="83F0AB4BFFCDFA57D627666D98A06A44" box="[1333,1432,1564,1589]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A11456" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" type="EnaNcbi">A 11456</accessionNumber>
, AVCM A 0 964 and AVCM A 1044) was well preserved. However, all the 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCDFA57D7146631990E6A29" box="[1030,1078,1601,1625]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">type</typeStatus>
specimens had lateral incision which was made to determine the sex of the individual. In the 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCDFA57D04566149E816A0C" box="[855,953,1636,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(ZSIC A 11453) and 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCDFA57D7AC661598266A0D" box="[1214,1310,1637,1661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(AVCM A 0964) a small incision was made to remove thigh (upper) muscle for future molecular analysis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCDFA57D3D566DC993C6B7C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1564,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D3D566DC9F7F6AB5" bold="true" box="[199,583,1708,1733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">Secondary sex characters: male:</emphasis>
Presence of a small nuptial pad at the base of first finger. The breeding male developed reddish tinge on dorsum; warts were large, flat and without black tip; digit tips were not melanistic. A thin line on the ventral side from snout to vent and also undersurface of limbs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCDFA57D3D567689EC66B24" blockId="5.[151,1436,1564,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">
Adult females (SVL: 81.0— 
<quantity id="5B5B9B4DFFCDFA57D11567689F526B40" box="[519,618,1816,1840]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.61" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="86.1">86.1 mm</quantity>
) were almost equal to the males (SVL: 58.0— 
<quantity id="5B5B9B4DFFCDFA57D764676899E16B40" box="[1142,1241,1816,1840]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.809999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="88.1">88.1 mm</quantity>
) and with hidden tympanum, comparatively rough dorsum, melanistic digital tips and wart tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCDFA57D3D5671099BB6B94" blockId="5.[151,1436,1564,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCDFA57D3D567109C1C6B09" bold="true" box="[199,292,1888,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">Colour:</emphasis>
In life, forehead and trunk brown with black blotches, more intense between the parotid; laterally pale yellow. Canthus yellow. Parotid black with yellow dots. An obscure yellow mid dorsal line extended from snout to vent. Upper surfaces of fore and hind limbs pale brown with dark brown patches, phalanges pale brown. Trunk on ventral aspect dirty white with variegated brown patches, rest of the ventrum dusty white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCEFA54D3D560E79DEA6D14" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCEFA54D3D560E79C786CC0" bold="true" box="[199,320,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">Variations</emphasis>
: A female (ZSIC 
<accessionNumber id="83F0AB4BFFCEFA54D11860E89F536CDF" box="[522,619,151,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A11456" pageId="6" pageNumber="342" type="EnaNcbi">A 11456</accessionNumber>
) head was comparatively wider (HL: HW = 0.70) than other members of the 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCEFA54D3D260CD9DC86CA5" box="[192,240,189,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">type</typeStatus>
series (HL:HW = 0.84 + 0.02). The female 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCEFA54D1C860CD9E036CA5" box="[730,827,189,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(ZSIC A 11454) showed partial parietal ridge. A great variation in the shape of the parotid gland also occurred amongst the members of the 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCEFA54D742609099B86C88" box="[1104,1152,224,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">type</typeStatus>
series. The parotid gland was elongated (ZSIC A 11453, A ZSIC A 11455, ZSIC 
<accessionNumber id="83F0AB4BFFCEFA54D03061749EBF6D6C" box="[802,903,260,284]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A11456" pageId="6" pageNumber="342" type="EnaNcbi">A 11456</accessionNumber>
, AVCM A 0964) except in ZSIC A 11454 and AVCM A 1044 where it was bean shaped. One female (ZSIC A 11455) had alternate light and dark bands on hind limb.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D4B96523FFCEFA58D3D56100984E6EE7" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="6" pageNumber="342" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCEFA54D3D561009E5B6DDC" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCEFA54D3D561009C696DF8" bold="true" box="[199,337,368,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">Etymology:</emphasis>
Named after Shyamal Kumar Chanda, a prominent Indian amphibian biologist. 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCEFA54D3D561E39CC66DDC" bold="true" box="[199,510,403,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">Suggested common name:</emphasis>
Nagaland Montane torrent toad
</paragraph>
<caption id="C8DC6620FFCEFA54D38565CA9F8A69A0" box="[151,690,1466,1489]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219520/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="342" targetBox="[151,1435,481,1444]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCEFA54D38565CA9F8A69A0" blockId="6.[151,690,1466,1489]" box="[151,690,1466,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCEFA54D38565CA9C2A69A0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1466,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Thekhekhwei hill near Khonoma village
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCEFA55D3D5658D98626D17" blockId="6.[151,1436,1533,2025]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,359]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCEFA54D3D5658D9CA86A65" bold="true" box="[199,400,1533,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">Ecological notes:</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCEFA54D2D9658E9CC36A66" box="[459,507,1534,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">type</typeStatus>
locality of Khonoma, situated ca. 
<quantity id="5B5B9B4DFFCEFA54D06C658D9EFD6A65" box="[894,965,1533,1557]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="342" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
west of Kohima (Nagaland State capital), runs along a ridge extending from the terraced rice field in the valley up to the uplands of the Barail hill range. This domain, spreading over ca. 123 sq. km., includes Khonoma Nature Conservation and Tragapon Sanctuary covering an area of over 70 sq. km. The forested slopes of the village are relatively undisturbed, baring a few patches of jhum-cleared cultivations. Khonoma enjoys a sub-tropical to temperate climate with heavy rains from the month of May to August and little rainfall during September to October. The dry season is usually from the month of November till April. The environmental temperature in the summer months goes up to a maximum of 30ºC and a minimum of 4ºC. This area is the part of Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin Rain Forest biogeographic zone and is characterized by subtropical broadleaf hill forest and Rhododendron forest. The new species of toad was observed both during day and night between March to September in recently felled Jhum cultivation field, forest trail and under rotten log at altitude from 
<quantity id="5B5B9B4DFFCEFA54D10567159FE96B0D" box="[535,721,1893,1917]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6649999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7619999999999998" metricValueMin="1.568" pageId="6" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="1665.0" valueMax="1762.0" valueMin="1568.0">
<date id="E81D1068FFCEFA54D10567159F896B0D" box="[535,689,1893,1917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342" value="1568" valueMax="1762">1568 to 1762</date>
m
</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="04982A2DFFCEFA54D1F067159E1C6B0D" box="[738,804,1893,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1466,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,481,1444]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,481,1445]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Thekhekhwei hill near Khonoma village" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219520/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="342">Fig 4</figureCitation>
). Breeding aggregation was observed in small streams (width ~ 
<quantity id="5B5B9B4DFFCEFA54D3E467F99C076BD1" box="[246,319,1929,1953]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 m</quantity>
) of first order (Strahler, 1952) near human habitation and forest edges. The individuals were found to use stagnant water pool with accumulated leaf litter. The water pools of the streams were surrounded by large rocks. Calling males were recorded on a cloudy day (10.25 AM IST) of 
<date id="E81D1068FFCEFA54D0EF67A199896B99" box="[1021,1201,2001,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="342" value="2008-03-18">18 March 2008</date>
with environmental parameters as air temperature 13.8o C, water temperature 11o C, humidity 77%, water 
<collectingCountry id="E4B47638FFCFFA55D76160EB99AD6CC2" box="[1139,1173,155,178]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">pH</collectingCountry>
7.8. Eggs were laid in long string inside thick gelatinous mass and advanced embryos (Gosner stage 16–18) were observed in “side water pool” of a small stream (first order) beside terrace cultivation on 
<date id="E81D1068FFCFFA55D06A6092991C6C8A" box="[888,1060,226,250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" value="2008-03-21">21 March 2008</date>
(
<figureCitation id="04982A2DFFCFFA55D7266092994A6C8A" box="[1076,1138,226,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1178,1201]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1157]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Egg strings of Duttaphrynus chandai in the side water pool of first order stream in Khonoma, Nagaland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219521/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">Fig 5</figureCitation>
). Eggs were rounded with pigmented animal pole. The breeding period coincided with early breeders like 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D76D617798AD6D6F" box="[1151,1429,263,287]" class="Diplopoda" family="Chelodesmidae" genus="Rhacophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmanus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D76D617798AD6D6F" box="[1151,1429,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">Rhacophorus burmanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D385615B9CA06D33" box="[151,408,299,323]" class="Diplopoda" family="Chelodesmidae" genus="Rhacophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D385615B9CA06D33" box="[151,408,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">Rhacophorus maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D2C2615B9F466D33" box="[464,638,299,323]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D2C2615B9F466D33" box="[464,638,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">Hyla annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the region. During the breeding season, this species (
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D7E9615C98406D33" box="[1275,1400,299,323]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7E9615C98406D33" box="[1275,1400,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is relatively abundant and observed in modified as well as forested habitats not far from flowing water sources.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C8DC6620FFCFFA55D38561E698436E1D" ID-Table-UUID="C8DC6620FFCFFA55D38561E698436E1D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C8DC6620FFCFFA55D38561E698436E1D" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" targetBox="[165,1365,654,876]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCFFA55D38561E698436E1D" blockId="7.[151,1436,406,622]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D38561E69C356DDE" bold="true" box="[151,269,406,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Mensural and meristic data for adults of 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D1F661E79EEF6DDE" box="[740,983,407,430]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D1F661E79EEF6DDE" box="[740,983,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">Duttaphrynus chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5E457C1FFCFFA55D0F061E699026DDD" box="[994,1082,406,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, compared with congeneric and related species with number of specimens measured (in parentheses) to score each character. References: 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D60D61C6980A6DBE" bold="true" box="[1311,1330,438,462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">A</emphasis>
. SVL (in mm); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3CA61A69DD26D9E" bold="true" box="[216,234,470,494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">B</emphasis>
. Head wider than long (0), longer than wide (1) or as long as wide (2); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0FF61A699386D9E" bold="true" box="[1005,1024,470,494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">C</emphasis>
. Tympanum hidden (0), indistinct (1), distinct (2); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D20961869C166E7E" bold="true" box="[283,302,502,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D</emphasis>
. Parotid gland thin, elongated (1), broad elongated (2), rounded (3), oval (4), triangular (5), reniform (6); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D38562669D976E5E" bold="true" box="[151,175,534,558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">E.</emphasis>
Finger: 1&gt;2 (1), 1&lt;2 (2), 1 = 2 (3); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D12862669F736E5E" bold="true" box="[570,587,534,558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">F.</emphasis>
Mid dorsal line absent (0), present (1); 6. Pineal ocellus absent (0), present (1); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D38562469D946E3E" bold="true" box="[151,172,566,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">G.</emphasis>
Cephalic ridges absent (0), presence of canthal (1), preorbital (2), supraorbital (3), postorbital (4), parietal (5), orbitotympanum (6). Character states differing from the new species 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D06562279ED66E1E" box="[887,1006,599,622]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06562279ED66E1E" box="[887,1006,599,622]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are marked in italics and underlined.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCFFA55D3B762FF98256F1B" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<table id="EEA3C408FFCF05ADD3B762FE986D6F1C" box="[165,1365,654,876]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B762FE986D6ED5" box="[165,1365,654,677]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B762FE9CB36ED5" box="[165,395,654,677]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">Character state</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E262FE9F476ED5" box="[496,639,654,677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D2E262FF9F3A6ED4" bold="true" box="[496,514,655,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">A</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E62FE9E156ED5" box="[796,813,654,677]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D00E62FF9E156ED4" bold="true" box="[796,813,655,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">B</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06462FE9EB06ED5" box="[886,904,654,677]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06462FE9EB06ED5" bold="true" box="[886,904,654,677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">C</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF62FE9ED76ED5" box="[989,1007,654,677]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF62FF9ED76ED4" bold="true" box="[989,1007,655,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD72462FE997F6ED5" box="[1078,1095,654,677]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D72462FF997F6ED4" bold="true" box="[1078,1095,655,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">E</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD79662FE99AB6ED5" box="[1156,1171,654,677]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D79662FF99AB6ED4" bold="true" box="[1156,1171,655,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">F</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F862FE986D6ED5" box="[1258,1365,654,677]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7F862FE99C66ED5" bold="true" box="[1258,1278,654,677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">G</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B762CB986D6E82" box="[165,1365,699,754]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B762CB9CB36E82" box="[165,395,699,754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B762CC9C2E6EA1" box="[165,278,699,721]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B762CC9C2E6EA1" box="[165,278,699,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5E457C1FFCFFA55D20E62CC9C546EA1" box="[284,364,700,721]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E262CB9F476E82" box="[496,639,699,754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">67.5–88.1 (3) 61.2–86.1 (Ƥ)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E62CB9E156E82" box="[796,813,699,754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06462CB9EB06E82" box="[886,904,699,754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF62CB9ED76E82" box="[989,1007,699,754]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD72462CB997F6E82" box="[1078,1095,699,754]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD79662CB99AB6E82" box="[1156,1171,699,754]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F862CB986D6E82" box="[1258,1365,699,754]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1,3,4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B76378986D6F30" box="[165,1365,776,832]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B763789CB36F30" box="[165,395,776,832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B763799C306F6E" box="[165,264,777,798]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B763799C306F6E" box="[165,264,777,798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. crocus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E263789F476F30" box="[496,639,776,832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">54.6–59.1 (3) 67.6–67.8 (Ƥ)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E63789E156F30" box="[796,813,776,832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06463789EB06F30" box="[886,904,776,832]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06463789EBB6F6E" box="[886,899,776,798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF63789ED76F30" box="[989,1007,776,832]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF63789ED26F6E" box="[989,1002,776,798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7246378997F6F30" box="[1078,1095,776,832]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7246378997B6F6E" box="[1078,1091,776,798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD796637899AB6F30" box="[1156,1171,776,832]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D796637899A96F6E" box="[1156,1169,776,798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F86378986D6F30" box="[1258,1365,776,832]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
1, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7E9637898316F6E" box="[1275,1289,776,798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
,3,4, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D6246378986D6F6E" box="[1334,1365,776,798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5,6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B76325986D6F1C" box="[165,1365,853,876]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B763259CB36F1C" box="[165,395,853,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B763279C196F1C" box="[165,289,854,876]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyphosus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B763279C196F1C" box="[165,289,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. cyphosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from lit.)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E263259F476F1C" box="[496,639,853,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">74.0 (3)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E63259E156F1C" box="[796,813,853,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06463259EB06F1C" box="[886,904,853,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06463269EBB6F1C" box="[886,899,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF63259ED76F1C" box="[989,1007,853,876]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF63269ED26F1B" box="[989,1002,854,875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7246325997F6F1C" box="[1078,1095,853,876]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">-</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD796632599AB6F1C" box="[1156,1171,853,876]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D796632699A96F1C" box="[1156,1169,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F86325986D6F1C" box="[1258,1365,853,876]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1,3,4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCFFA55D2E263FC9DD46B59" blockId="7.[496,582,908,930]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,1702,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
85.0 (Ƥ) Juveniles observed in the month of September-October inhabiting forest floor and roadside habitats. This species is locally called as “Theiiu” in Angami Naga dialect. The species was observed between elevations 
<date id="E81D1068FFCFFA55D67666B99DC66B76" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" value="1568" valueMax="1787">
1568 and 
<quantity id="5B5B9B4DFFCFFA55D3D4669E9DC66B76" box="[198,254,1774,1798]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7869999999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="1787.0">1787</quantity>
</date>
m. Currently the species is only known from localities around Khonoma and Dzuleke villages of Kohima district.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCFFA55D3B763CA986D6A14" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<table id="EEA3C408FFCF05ADD3B763C8986E6A14" box="[165,1366,952,1636]" gridcols="7" gridrows="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B763C8986E6FBF" box="[165,1366,952,975]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B763C89C476FBF" box="[165,383,952,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B763CA9C7D6FBE" box="[165,325,952,975]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B763CA9C7D6FBE" box="[165,325,952,975]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. himalayanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2)
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E263C89FA06FBF" box="[496,664,952,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">83.0–102.7 (3)</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E63C89E116FBF" box="[796,809,952,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06463C89EBB6FBF" box="[886,899,952,975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06463C89EBB6FBE" box="[886,899,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF63C89ED26FBF" box="[989,1002,952,975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF63C89ED26FBE" box="[989,1002,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD72463C899A96FBF" box="[1078,1169,952,975]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D72463C899A96FBE" box="[1078,1169,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1 0</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F863C8986E6FBF" box="[1258,1366,952,975]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
1, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7EF63C898376FBE" box="[1277,1295,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2,</emphasis>
3,4, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D62463C8986D6FBE" box="[1334,1365,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5,6</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B76394986E6F8B" box="[165,1366,996,1019]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B763949C476F8B" box="[165,383,996,1019]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B763959C0B6F8A" box="[165,307,996,1018]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kiphirensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B763959C0B6F8A" box="[165,307,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. kiphirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E263949FA06F8B" box="[496,664,996,1019]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">73.0 (3)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E63949E116F8B" box="[796,809,996,1019]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06463949EBB6F8B" box="[886,899,996,1019]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06463949EBB6F8A" box="[886,899,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF63949ED26F8B" box="[989,1002,996,1019]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF63949ED26F8A" box="[989,1002,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD724639499A96F8B" box="[1078,1169,996,1019]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D724639499A96F8A" box="[1078,1169,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1 0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F86394986E6F8B" box="[1258,1366,996,1019]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
1, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7EF639498326F8A" box="[1277,1290,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
,3,4, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D6246394986D6F8A" box="[1334,1365,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5,6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B76460986E6838" box="[165,1366,1040,1096]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B764609C476838" box="[165,383,1040,1096]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B764629C2B6857" box="[165,275,1042,1063]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ingerophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B764629C2B6857" box="[165,275,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">I. macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E264609FA06838" box="[496,664,1040,1096]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">33.8–44.0 (3) 32.85–70.8 (Ƥ)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E64609E116838" box="[796,809,1040,1096]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06464609EBB6838" box="[886,899,1040,1096]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06464609EBB6856" box="[886,899,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF64609ED26838" box="[989,1002,1040,1096]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF64609ED26856" box="[989,1002,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD724646099A96838" box="[1078,1169,1040,1096]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D724646099A96856" box="[1078,1169,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1 0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F86460986E6838" box="[1258,1366,1040,1096]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7F8646099CF6856" box="[1258,1271,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B7642E986E6804" box="[165,1366,1118,1140]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B7642E9C476804" box="[165,383,1118,1140]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B7642F9C0E6804" box="[165,310,1119,1140]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mamitensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B7642F9C0E6804" box="[165,310,1119,1140]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. mamitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E2642E9FA06804" box="[496,664,1118,1140]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">90.0 (Ƥ)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E642E9E116804" box="[796,809,1118,1140]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD064642E9EBB6804" box="[886,899,1118,1140]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D064642E9EBB6804" box="[886,899,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF642E9ED26804" box="[989,1002,1118,1140]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF642E9ED26804" box="[989,1002,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD724642E99A96804" box="[1078,1169,1118,1140]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D724642E99A96804" box="[1078,1169,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1 0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F8642E986E6804" box="[1258,1366,1118,1140]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
1, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7EF642E98326804" box="[1277,1290,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
,3,4, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D624642E986D6804" box="[1334,1365,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5,6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B764FA986E68D0" box="[165,1366,1162,1184]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B764FA9C4768D0" box="[165,383,1162,1184]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B764FB9C7468D0" box="[165,332,1163,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manipurensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B764FB9C7468D0" box="[165,332,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. manipurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E264FA9FA068D0" box="[496,664,1162,1184]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">45.1–47.0 (3)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E64FA9E1168D0" box="[796,809,1162,1184]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06464FA9EBB68D0" box="[886,899,1162,1184]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06464FA9EBB68D0" box="[886,899,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF64FA9ED268D0" box="[989,1002,1162,1184]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD72464FA99A968D0" box="[1078,1169,1162,1184]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D72464FA99A968D0" box="[1078,1169,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1 0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F864FA986E68D0" box="[1258,1366,1162,1184]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
1, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7EF64FA983268D0" box="[1277,1290,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
,3,4, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D62664FA986E68D0" box="[1332,1366,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5,6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B764C6986E689D" box="[165,1366,1206,1261]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B764C69C47689D" box="[165,383,1206,1261]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B764C79C7768BC" box="[165,335,1206,1228]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B764C79C7768BC" box="[165,335,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(12)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E264C69FA0689D" box="[496,664,1206,1261]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">58.02–71.6 (3) 60.94–88.64 (Ƥ)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E64C69E11689D" box="[796,809,1206,1261]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06464C69EBB689D" box="[886,899,1206,1261]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06464C69EBB68BC" box="[886,899,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF64C69ED2689D" box="[989,1002,1206,1261]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF64C69ED268BC" box="[989,1002,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD72464C699A9689D" box="[1078,1169,1206,1261]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
2 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D79664C699A968BC" box="[1156,1169,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F864C6986E689D" box="[1258,1366,1206,1261]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
1, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7EF64C6983268BC" box="[1277,1290,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
,3,4, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D62464C6986D68BC" box="[1334,1365,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5,6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B76573986E696A" box="[165,1366,1283,1306]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B765739C47696A" box="[165,383,1283,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B765749C776969" box="[165,335,1284,1305]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mizoramensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B765749C776969" box="[165,335,1284,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. mizoramensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E265739FA0696A" box="[496,664,1283,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">58.0 (3)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E65739E11696A" box="[796,809,1283,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06465739EBB696A" box="[886,899,1283,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06465739EBB6969" box="[886,899,1283,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF65739ED2696A" box="[989,1002,1283,1306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF65739ED26969" box="[989,1002,1283,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD724657399A9696A" box="[1078,1169,1283,1306]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
2 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D796657399A96969" box="[1156,1169,1283,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F86573986E696A" box="[1258,1366,1283,1306]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
1, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7EF657398326969" box="[1277,1290,1283,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
,3,4, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D6246573986D6969" box="[1334,1365,1283,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5,6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B7655F986E6936" box="[165,1366,1327,1350]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B7655F9C476936" box="[165,383,1327,1350]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B765409C6E6935" box="[165,342,1327,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagalandensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B765409C6E6935" box="[165,342,1327,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. nagalandensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E2655F9FA06936" box="[496,664,1327,1350]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">48.0 (3)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E655F9E116936" box="[796,809,1327,1350]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD064655F9EBB6936" box="[886,899,1327,1350]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D064655F9EBB6935" box="[886,899,1327,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF655F9ED26936" box="[989,1002,1327,1350]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF655F9ED26935" box="[989,1002,1327,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD724655F99A96936" box="[1078,1169,1327,1350]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D724655F99A96935" box="[1078,1169,1327,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">3 0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F8655F986E6936" box="[1258,1366,1327,1350]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
1, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7EF655F98326935" box="[1277,1290,1327,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
,3,4, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D624655F986D6935" box="[1334,1365,1327,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5,6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B7652B986E6902" box="[165,1366,1371,1394]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B7652B9C476902" box="[165,383,1371,1394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B7652C9C356901" box="[165,269,1372,1393]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pageoti">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B7652C9C356901" box="[165,269,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">B. pageoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E2652B9FA06902" box="[496,664,1371,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">45.2–64.7 (3)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E652B9E116902" box="[796,809,1371,1394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D00E652B9E116901" box="[796,809,1371,1393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD064652B9EBB6902" box="[886,899,1371,1394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D064652B9EBB6901" box="[886,899,1371,1393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF652B9ED26902" box="[989,1002,1371,1394]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF652C9ED26901" box="[989,1002,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD724652B99A96902" box="[1078,1169,1371,1394]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D724652B997B6901" box="[1078,1091,1371,1393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">3</emphasis>
1
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F8652B986E6902" box="[1258,1366,1371,1394]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7F8652B99CF6901" box="[1258,1271,1371,1393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B765F7986E69EE" box="[165,1366,1415,1438]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B765F79C4769EE" box="[165,383,1415,1438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B765F89C3069ED" box="[165,264,1415,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scaber">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B765F89C3069ED" box="[165,264,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. scaber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E265F79FA069EE" box="[496,664,1415,1438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">43.4 (Ƥ)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E65F79E1169EE" box="[796,809,1415,1438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06465F79EBB69EE" box="[886,899,1415,1438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06465F79EBB69ED" box="[886,899,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF65F79ED269EE" box="[989,1002,1415,1438]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF65F79ED269ED" box="[989,1002,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD72465F799A969EE" box="[1078,1169,1415,1438]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D72465F799A969ED" box="[1078,1169,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1 0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F865F7986E69EE" box="[1258,1366,1415,1438]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
1, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7EF65F7983269ED" box="[1277,1290,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
,3,4, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D62465F7986D69ED" box="[1334,1365,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">5,6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B765C3986E699A" box="[165,1366,1459,1514]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B765C39C47699A" box="[165,383,1459,1514]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B765C49C0869B9" box="[165,304,1460,1481]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stomaticus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B765C49C0869B9" box="[165,304,1460,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. stomaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(8)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E265C39FA0699A" box="[496,664,1459,1514]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">60.3–65.5 (3) 62.7–73.75 (Ƥ)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E65C39E11699A" box="[796,809,1459,1514]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06465C39EBB699A" box="[886,899,1459,1514]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06465C39EBB69B9" box="[886,899,1459,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF65C39ED2699A" box="[989,1002,1459,1514]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD72465C399A9699A" box="[1078,1169,1459,1514]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D72465C3997B69B9" box="[1078,1091,1459,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1</emphasis>
1
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F865C3986E699A" box="[1258,1366,1459,1514]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7F865C399CF69B9" box="[1258,1271,1459,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B76670986E6A48" box="[165,1366,1536,1592]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B766709C476A48" box="[165,383,1536,1592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B766729C3E6A67" box="[165,262,1538,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuarti">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B766729C3E6A67" box="[165,262,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. stuarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E266709FA06A48" box="[496,664,1536,1592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">70.8–72.15 (3) 76.2 (Ƥ)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E66709E116A48" box="[796,809,1536,1592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD06466709EBB6A48" box="[886,899,1536,1592]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D06466709EBB6A66" box="[886,899,1536,1558]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF66709ED26A48" box="[989,1002,1536,1592]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF66709ED26A66" box="[989,1002,1536,1558]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD724667099A96A48" box="[1078,1169,1536,1592]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D724667099A96A66" box="[1078,1169,1536,1558]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1 0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F86670986E6A48" box="[1258,1366,1536,1592]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7F8667099CF6A66" box="[1258,1271,1536,1558]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="229334EAFFCF05ADD3B7663E986E6A14" box="[165,1366,1614,1636]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<th id="61425D96FFCF05ADD3B7663E9C476A14" box="[165,383,1614,1636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D3B7663F9C016A14" box="[165,313,1614,1636]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wokhaensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D3B7663F9C016A14" box="[165,313,1614,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">D. wokhaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(4)
</th>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD2E2663E9FA06A14" box="[496,664,1614,1636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">92.0 (Ƥ)</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD00E663E9E116A14" box="[796,809,1614,1636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">0</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD064663E9EBB6A14" box="[886,899,1614,1636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D064663E9EBB6A14" box="[886,899,1614,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD0CF663E9ED26A14" box="[989,1002,1614,1636]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0CF663E9ED26A14" box="[989,1002,1614,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD724663E99A96A14" box="[1078,1169,1614,1636]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D724663E99A96A14" box="[1078,1169,1614,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">1 0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="61425D96FFCF05ADD7F8663E986E6A14" box="[1258,1366,1614,1636]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
1, 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D7EF663E98326A14" box="[1277,1290,1614,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">2</emphasis>
,3,4,5,6
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFCFFA55D3D567469C616BCA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1702,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
Syntopic species of anurans recorded from the 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFCFFA55D1E467479E1E6B3F" box="[758,806,1847,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">type</typeStatus>
locality are 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D0AD67469F0B6B02" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D0AD674699CF6B3E" box="[959,1271,1846,1870]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayanus">Duttaphrynus himalayanus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D61567469C326B02" class="Diplopoda" family="Chelodesmidae" genus="Rhacophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmanus">Rhacophorus burmanus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D207672A9F0B6B02" authority="Amolops" authorityName="Amolops" box="[277,563,1882,1906]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">Hyla annectens, Amolops</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp, 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D173672A9E596B02" box="[609,865,1882,1906]" class="Diplopoda" family="Chelodesmidae" genus="Rhacophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D173672A9E596B02" box="[609,865,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">Rhacophorus maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The reptile species found in sympatry are 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D654672A98376BE6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D654672A9C436BE6" authority="Sibynophis" authorityName="Sibynophis" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdoni">Calotes jerdoni, Sibynophis</taxonomicName>
collaris, Protobothrops 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D1A1670E9E426BE6" authority="Ovophis" authorityName="Ovophis" box="[691,890,1918,1942]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdoni">jerdoni, Ovophis</taxonomicName>
monticola, Rhabdophis nuchalis
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFCFFA55D64C670F9C616BCA" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFCFFA55D64C670F9C6D6BCA" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginatus">Ptyas nigromarginatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="C8DC6620FFC0FA5AD38564EA980268C0" box="[151,1338,1178,1201]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219521/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="344" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1156]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFC0FA5AD38564EA980268C0" blockId="8.[151,1338,1178,1201]" box="[151,1338,1178,1201]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD38564EA9C2A68C0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1178,1201]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Egg strings of 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC0FA5AD2BF64EA9FA968C0" box="[429,657,1178,1200]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD2BF64EA9FA968C0" box="[429,657,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">Duttaphrynus chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the side water pool of first order stream in Khonoma, Nagaland.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFC0FA5AD3D564AD9C9B694D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1245,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD3D564AD9C5C6886" bold="true" box="[199,356,1245,1270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">Comparison:</emphasis>
From other members of the genus 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD03264AD9E976885" box="[800,943,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">Duttaphynus</emphasis>
, the new species differs in showing the following characters, listed by species (characters in parentheses refer to congener being compared with the new species from Khonoma)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFC0FA5BD3D565399E3F6E4C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1245,2014]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,572]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC0FA5AD130653A9E566911" authority="Schneider" authorityName="Schneider" box="[546,878,1353,1377]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD130653A9FD96911" box="[546,737,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">D. melanostictus</emphasis>
(Schneider)
</taxonomicName>
in showing smaller snout, comparatively longer mandible eye distance, absence of tympanum, longer tibia, absence of preorbital, postorbital and orbitotympanic ridges, 1st finger longer than 2nd (vs. smaller size, longer snout, smaller mandible eye distance, distinct tympanum, smaller tibia, presence of preorbital, postorbital and orbitotympanic ridges, 2nd finger longer than 1st), from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC0FA5AD69365CC9CA46989" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD69365CC9C1E6989" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">D. himalayanus</emphasis>
(Günther)
</taxonomicName>
in showing 1st finger longer than second, absence of tympanum, preorbital, postorbital and orbitotympanic ridges (vs. 2nd finger longer than 1st, presence of tympanum, preorbital, postorbital and orbitotympanic ridges), from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC0FA5AD2E2665D9FF96A34" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[496,705,1580,1604]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuarti">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD2E2665D9F3C6A34" box="[496,516,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD104665D9F676A34" box="[534,607,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">stuarti</emphasis>
(Smith)
</taxonomicName>
in showing cranial ridges, absence of tympanum, subarticular tubercle not prominent (vs. without bony ridges, distinct tympanum, prominent subarticular tubercle); from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC0FA5AD69366219C0D6AFC" authority="(Ye)" baseAuthorityName="Ye" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyphosus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD69366219DC66AFC" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">D. cyphosus</emphasis>
(Ye)
</taxonomicName>
in showing elongated and broad parotid, indistinct or absence of tympanum, absence of bracket like curves on interorbital space (vs. triangular parotid, small distinct tympanum, dark round curves facing each other like ‘brackets’ along the supraorbital ridge); from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC0FA5AD1F966CD9ED36AA4" authority="Schneider" authorityName="Schneider" box="[747,1003,1724,1748]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scaber">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD1F966CD9E656AA4" box="[747,861,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">D. scaber</emphasis>
(Schneider)
</taxonomicName>
in showing elongated parotid gland, absence of tympanum, preorbital, postorbital and orbitotympanum ridges, 1st finger longer than the 2nd, toe webbing: 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD21F67779C186B6F" box="[269,288,1799,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">I1</date>
½–1½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD27467779CBB6B6F" box="[358,387,1799,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">II1</date>
½–2½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD2DC67779CCD6B6F" box="[462,501,1799,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">III1</date>
½–3½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD12C67779F546B6F" box="[574,620,1799,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">IV3</date>
½–1½V (vs. rounded parotid gland, tympanum about ½ of the eye diameter, presence of preorbital, postorbital and orbitotympanic ridges, 1st finger smaller than 2nd, toe web I0— 1 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD3B267229C186B1A" box="[160,288,1874,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">II1-2III2–3</date>
½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD22567229C5D6B1A" box="[311,357,1874,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">IV3</date>
½– 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD29E67229C936B1A" box="[396,427,1874,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">1V</date>
), from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC0FA5AD2ED67239F556B1A" box="[511,621,1875,1898]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD2ED67239F2B6B1A" box="[511,531,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD13167239F556B1A" box="[547,621,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">crocus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wogan, Win, Thin, Lwin, Shein, Kyi, and Tun) in showing absence of preorbital, postorbital and orbitotympanum ridges, 1st finger longer than the 2nd, toe webbing: 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD7E9670898366BE0" box="[1275,1294,1912,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">I1</date>
½–1½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD6446708984C6BE0" box="[1366,1396,1912,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">II1</date>
½– 2½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD3A967EF9DDA6BC7" box="[187,226,1951,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">III1</date>
½–3½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD23B67EF9C6D6BC7" box="[297,341,1951,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">IV3</date>
½–1½V (vs. presence of preorbital, postorbital and orbitotympanum ridges, 1st finger smaller than the 2nd, toe webbing: 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD29967B69CC16BAE" box="[395,505,1990,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">I2–3II1–2</date>
½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD11D67B69F0F6BAE" box="[527,567,1990,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">III1</date>
½–3½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC0FA5AD16D67B69F926BAE" box="[639,682,1990,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">IV3</date>
½–1½V); from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC0FA5AD07567B799556BAE" authority="Lutken" authorityName="Lutken" box="[871,1133,1990,2014]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stomaticus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD07567B79E436BAE" box="[871,891,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC0FA5AD09967B7993B6BAE" box="[907,1027,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="344">stomaticus</emphasis>
(Lütken)
</taxonomicName>
in showing cranial ridges, absence of tympanum, longer hind limb (vs. no cranial ridge, distinct tympanum, short hind limb); from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD69360E99CC26CA4" authority="Mathew and Sen" authorityName="Mathew and Sen" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kiphirensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD69360E99C296CA4" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. kiphirensis</emphasis>
(Mathew and Sen)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD11C60CD9E8F6CA4" authority="Mathew and Sen" authorityName="Mathew and Sen" box="[526,951,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manipurensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD11C60CD9FF56CA4" box="[526,717,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. manipurensis</emphasis>
(Mathew and Sen)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD0D960CD98546CA4" authority="Mathew and Sen" authorityName="Mathew and Sen" box="[971,1388,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mizoramenis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD0D960CD99BB6CA4" box="[971,1155,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. mizoramenis</emphasis>
(Mathew and Sen)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD69360CD9CD36C87" authority="Mathew and Sen" authorityName="Mathew and Sen" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mamitensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD69360CD9C2D6C88" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. mamitensis</emphasis>
(Mathew and Sen)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD2EB60919EAA6C87" authority="Mathew and Sen" authorityName="Mathew and Sen" box="[505,914,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagalandensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD2EB60919F856C88" box="[505,701,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. nagalandensis</emphasis>
(Mathew and Sen)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD0B2609198226C87" authority="Mathew and Sen" authorityName="Mathew and Sen" box="[928,1306,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wokhaensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD0B26091997C6C88" box="[928,1092,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. wokhaensis</emphasis>
(Mathew and Sen)
</taxonomicName>
in showing absence of distinct tympanum, and absence of preorbital, postorbital and orbitotympanic ridges (vs. distinct tympanum and presence of preorbital, postorbital and orbitotympanic ridges) (
<figureCitation id="04982A2DFFC1FA5BD715615799736D4F" box="[1031,1099,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1559,1582]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,628,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,628,1536]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lateral view of head showing distinct tympanum in A. D chandai, Holotype (in life (3, ZSI A 11453); B. D. chandai (3, AVCM A 1072); C. D. chandai, (Ƥ, paratype, A 1044); D. D. stuarti, (3, A 0743); E. D. melanostictus (Ƥ, A 0616); F. D. wokhaensis (Ƥ, SVL 88.69); G. D. kiphirensis (3, SVL 67.72); H. D. melanostictus (3, A 0850), SVL 55.5; I. D. mamitensis (Ƥ, SVL 88.93 mm); J. D. nagalandensis (Ƥ, SVL 49 mm); K. D. manipurensis (3, SVL 48.3 mm); L. D. mizoramensis (3, SVL 59.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219522/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The new species also shows differences from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD24B613C9FCD6D14" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[345,757,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ingerophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD24B613C9F5E6D14" box="[345,614,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">Ingerophrynus macrotis</emphasis>
(Boulenger)
</taxonomicName>
in showing absence of tympanum, strong parietal ridge (vs. distinct tympanum, weak parietal ridge), from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD1B461009EAC6DF7" authority="Bourret" authorityName="Bourret" box="[678,916,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pageoti">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD1B461009E0E6DF8" box="[678,822,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">Bufo pageoti</emphasis>
Bourret
</taxonomicName>
in showing cephalic ridges, absence of pineal ocellus, toe webbing: 
<date id="E81D1068FFC1FA5BD29E61E49CA76DDC" box="[396,415,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">I1</date>
½–1½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC1FA5BD2F661E49F396DDC" box="[484,513,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">II1</date>
½–2½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC1FA5BD15E61E49F4C6DDC" box="[588,628,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">III1</date>
½–3½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC1FA5BD1AF61E49FD26DDC" box="[701,746,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">IV3</date>
½–1½V (vs. no cephalic ridge, presence of pineal ocellus, toe webbing: 
<date id="E81D1068FFC1FA5BD20961C79C7F6DBF" box="[283,327,439,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">I1–1</date>
½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC1FA5BD24C61C79CDA6DBF" box="[350,482,439,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">II1–2III1–2</date>
½ 
<date id="E81D1068FFC1FA5BD2EA61C79F1F6DBF" box="[504,551,439,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">IV2</date>
½– 
<date id="E81D1068FFC1FA5BD15F61C79F556DBF" box="[589,621,439,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">1V</date>
) and from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD1EC61C899466DBF" authority="Gravenhorst" authorityName="Gravenhorst" box="[766,1150,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Phrynoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspera">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD1EC61C89EEC6DA0" box="[766,980,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">Phrynoidis aspera</emphasis>
(Gravenhorst)
</taxonomicName>
in showing absence of tympanum, toe web incomplete, TTA reaches to the parotid gland, parotid broad and elongated, absence of orbitotympanic ridge (vs. distinct tympanum, toes entirely webbed, TTA reaches tip of snout or beyond, parotid small and triangular, presence of orbitotympanic ridge).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C8DC6620FFC1FA5BD38566679CD26AD8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219522/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" targetBox="[151,1435,628,1535]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFC1FA5BD38566679CD26AD8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1559,1705]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD38566679C366A5D" bold="true" box="[151,270,1559,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. Lateral view of head showing distinct tympanum in 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD05166689E6D6A5D" bold="true" box="[835,853,1560,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">A</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD07766699EEA6A5E" box="[869,978,1560,1582]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD07766699EEA6A5E" box="[869,978,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Holotype (in life (3, ZSI A 11453); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD6716668984C6A5D" bold="true" box="[1379,1396,1560,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">B</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD69166699DD16A3D" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD69166699DD16A3D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3, AVCM A 1072); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD2C766469CD66A3D" bold="true" box="[469,494,1590,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD2E566489F526A3D" box="[503,618,1591,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chandai">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD2E566489F526A3D" box="[503,618,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. chandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (Ƥ, paratype, A 1044); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD06166479EBD6A3C" bold="true" box="[883,901,1591,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD08766489EC86A3D" box="[917,1008,1592,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuarti">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD08766489EC86A3D" box="[917,1008,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D.stuarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (3, A0743); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD79A664799A16A3C" bold="true" box="[1160,1177,1591,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">E</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD7BA6648986D6A3D" box="[1192,1365,1591,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD7BA6648986D6A3D" box="[1192,1365,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ƥ, A 0616); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD3CD66269DD46A1B" bold="true" box="[223,236,1622,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">F</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD3E866269CB66A1B" box="[250,398,1621,1643]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wokhaensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD3E866269CB66A1B" box="[250,398,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. wokhaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ƥ, SVL 88.69); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD15066259F6B6A1C" bold="true" box="[578,595,1621,1644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">G</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD17266269FD56A1B" box="[608,749,1621,1643]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kiphirensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD17266269FD56A1B" box="[608,749,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. kiphirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3, SVL 67.72); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD0B366269E8D6A1B" bold="true" box="[929,949,1622,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">H</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD0D0662699546A1B" box="[962,1132,1621,1643]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD0D0662699546A1B" box="[962,1132,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3, A 0850), SVL 55.5; 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD67E6626984E6A1B" bold="true" box="[1388,1398,1622,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">I</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD69166269C316AFA" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mamitensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD69166269C316AFA" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. mamitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ƥ, SVL 88.93mm); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD2E466049F3B6AF9" bold="true" box="[502,515,1652,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">J</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD10766059FF26AFA" box="[533,714,1652,1674]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagalandensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD10766059FF26AFA" box="[533,714,1652,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. nagalandensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ƥ, SVL 49 mm); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD0B666049E806AF9" bold="true" box="[932,952,1652,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">K</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD0DB6605994C6AFA" box="[969,1140,1653,1674]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manipurensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD0DB6605994C6AFA" box="[969,1140,1653,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. manipurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3, SVL 48.3 mm); 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD6736604984A6AF9" bold="true" box="[1377,1394,1652,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">L</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD69166059C1A6AD9" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mizoramensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD69166059C1A6AD9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. mizoramensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3, SVL 59.1mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFC1FA5BD3D566A59EA76B0D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1749,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">
Mathew and Sen (2009) described six new species of 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD03A66A59EFA6A9D" box="[808,962,1749,1773]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD03A66A59EFA6A9D" box="[808,962,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">Duttaphrynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on seven specimens collected from Northeast Indian states. We conducted PCA involving the 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFC1FA5BD05466899E8B6B61" box="[838,947,1785,1809]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
of Mathew and Sen (op cit) species, and compared with 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD25C676E9FB66B46" box="[334,654,1822,1846]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD25C676E9FB66B46" box="[334,654,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">Duttaphrynus melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and specimens of new species described herein (
<figureCitation id="04982A2DFFC1FA5BD7C8676D98246B45" box="[1242,1308,1821,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,247,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[364,1223,1600,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[357,1233,1593,1918]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scatter plot of components 1 and 2 resulting from PCA: Duttaphrynus chandai (male and Female), D. melanostictus (male and female), D. kiphirensis (male), D. manipurensis (male), D. mizoramensis (male), D. nagalandensis (male), D. wokhaensis (female), D. mamitensis (female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219523/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">Fig 7</figureCitation>
). We have observed 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD21467329C946B29" box="[262,428,1857,1881]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wokhaensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD21467329C946B29" box="[262,428,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. wokhaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be deeply embedded into the 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD03E67329ED36B29" box="[812,1003,1857,1881]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD03E67329ED36B29" box="[812,1003,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster. Mathew and Sen (2009) also pointed out its close affinity to 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD2E667179F886B0E" box="[500,688,1894,1918]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD2E667179F306B0E" box="[500,520,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD10467169F886B0E" box="[534,688,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD1F567179EA06B0E" box="[743,920,1894,1918]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD1F567179FC36B0E" box="[743,763,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD01B67169EA06B0E" box="[777,920,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">himalayanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFC1FA5BD3D567F998A46B99" blockId="9.[151,1436,1749,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">
Mathew and Sen (2009) stated that 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD17C67FA9E2E6BD1" box="[622,790,1929,1953]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wokhaensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD17C67FA9E2E6BD1" box="[622,790,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D. wokhaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differed from 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD0D467FA99BE6BD1" box="[966,1158,1929,1953]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD0D467FA9EE26BD1" box="[966,986,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD0FE67F999BE6BD1" box="[1004,1158,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC1FA5BD7D767FA98436BD1" box="[1221,1403,1929,1953]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD7D767FA99E16BD1" box="[1221,1241,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD7FE67F998436BD1" box="[1260,1403,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">himalayanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having nostril equidistant from eye and snout tip and, white cranial ridges and warts. The examination of 
<typeStatus id="4318880AFFC1FA5BD62867DD98A46BB5" box="[1338,1436,1965,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="345" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(V/A/ERS/ZSI/800) revealed that the morphometry of this specimen fall in the range of morphometry of 
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC1FA5BD69367A298A46B99" box="[1409,1436,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="345">D.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFC2FA58D38560E899136D6C" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D38560E89C096CC0" box="[151,305,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D38560E89C096CC0" box="[151,305,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the specimen has the nostril closer to the snout than the eye (EN = 4.85; NS = 3.57). Further, stray individuals having white cranial ridges and warts were collected from amongst 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D74C60CD98236CA4" box="[1118,1307,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D74C60CD98236CA4" box="[1118,1307,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
population of Guwahati (AVCM A0326) and Tangla (AVCM A0850). We consider 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D714609199886C88" box="[1030,1200,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wokhaensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D714609199886C88" box="[1030,1200,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. wokhaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a variety of 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D69360919C096D6C" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D69360919C096D6C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and we propose to keep this species under nomen 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D07A6175991D6D6C" box="[872,1061,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D07A6175991D6D6C" box="[872,1061,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFC2FA58D3D5615799206DF8" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">
Colouration is well known to be highly variable in many groups of anurans especially in highly polymorphic group like 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D200613C9F776D14" box="[274,591,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D200613C9F776D14" box="[274,591,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">Duttaphrynus melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is seldom useless in taxonomy (Qiucke, 1993). Thus we presume that difference in colour as reported in 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D10B61019F856DF8" box="[537,701,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wokhaensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D10B61019F856DF8" box="[537,701,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. wokhaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be intraspecific variation.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C8DC6620FFC2FA58D38561C1999C6E58" ID-Table-UUID="C8DC6620FFC2FA58D38561C1999C6E58" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C8DC6620FFC2FA58D38561C1999C6E58" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" targetBox="[151,1418,683,1531]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFC2FA58D38561C1999C6E58" blockId="10.[151,1436,433,552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D38561C19C316DB9" bold="true" box="[151,265,433,457]" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
The measurements of the species of 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D18061C19E1C6DB8" box="[658,804,433,456]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D18061C19E1C6DB8" box="[658,804,433,456]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">Duttaphrynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
used in PCA scatter plot. (
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D75161C199EF6DB8" box="[1091,1239,433,456]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kiphirensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D75161C199EF6DB8" box="[1091,1239,433,456]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. kiphirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ZSI/ERS/794; 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D69061C19C376D98" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mamitensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D69061C19C376D98" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. mamitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ZSI/ERS/795; 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D2D061A19F4C6D98" box="[450,628,465,488]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manipurensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D2D061A19F4C6D98" box="[450,628,465,488]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. manipurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ZSI/ERS/796; 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D03561A19EE56D98" box="[807,989,465,488]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D03561A19EE56D98" box="[807,989,465,488]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. melanostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: AVCM A0884, AVCM A0885, AVCM A0890, AVCM A0891, AVCM A0893, AVCM A0894, AVCM A0895, AVCM A0896, AVCM A0898, AVCM A0899; 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D38562619C726E58" box="[151,330,529,552]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mizoramensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D38562619C726E58" box="[151,330,529,552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. mizoramensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ZSI/ERS/798; 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D2E462619F966E58" box="[502,686,529,552]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagalendensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D2E462619F966E58" box="[502,686,529,552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. nagalendensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ZSI/ERS/799; 
<taxonomicName id="5BA34D2BFFC2FA58D04962619ECE6E58" box="[859,1014,529,552]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wokhaensis">
<emphasis id="AED7EABAFFC2FA58D04962619ECE6E58" box="[859,1014,529,552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">D. wokhaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ZSI/ERS/800).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C1C36A8FFC2FA58D0C46234984E6EE7" blockId="10.[151,1406,580,663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="346">ZSI/ ZSI/ ZSI/ ZSI/ ZSI/ ZSI/ Mus. ERS ERS ERS ERS ERS ERS No A0894 A0896 A0893 A0898 A0895 A0899 A0891 A0884 A0890 A0885 794 798 795 800 799 796</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>