176 lines
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176 lines
19 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1150-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" ID-ZooBank="A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1150-1" checkinTime="1677664009133" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C." docDate="2023" docId="0BD2CF365838562EB66822F92F2BC543" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1150: 1-189" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1150" docPubDate="2023-02-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" docTitle="Karaops gangarie Crews & Harvey 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" masterDocTitle="But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1677664009133" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-6236</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">screwsemail@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1150</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>189</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1150-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0BD2CF365838562EB66822F92F2BC543" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BD2CF365838562EB66822F92F2BC543" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3R2M7" LSID="0BD2CF36-5838-562E-B668-22F92F2BC543" authority="Crews & Harvey, 2011" authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops gangarie" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangarie">Karaops gangarie Crews & Harvey, 2011</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Members from the Karaops strayamate species group A Karaops gangarie, holotype female, rainforest near Amos Bay, Queensland (QM S 52315) B Karaops gangarie, paratype female from Cooktown, Queensland (QM S 88003) C Karaops gangarie, paratype male, same data as holotype (QM S 88644) D Karaops ellenae, paratype female, Mount Cooke, Western Australia (WAM T 28043 ex. 93 / 1359) E Karaops ellenae, holotype male, same data as paratype (WAM T 28050 ex. T 93 / 1366) F Karaops monteithi, holotype female, Upper Lankelly Creek, Coen District, Queensland (QM S 61052). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816390" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7A-C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 3" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Map 3. Species of the Karaops strayamate species group; red = Karaops ellenae, green = Karaops monteithi, light blue = Karaops gangarie, yellow = Karaops strayamate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816389" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops gangarie" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangarie">Karaops gangarie</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 28, figs 11-14 (♂, ♀, examined).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The lateral lobes of the epigyne of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops gangarie" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangarie">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops gangarie</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are conspicuous posteriorly, and there is no excavation along the posterior margin as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. strayamate" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="strayamate">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. strayamate</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 9, 11). The lateral lobes do not frame the median field as they do in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. monteithi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="monteithi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. monteithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 15). In the males, the dRTA is not longer than the vRTA in lateral view as it is in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. strayamate" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="strayamate">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. strayamate</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 13, 14).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The description of the male and female can be found in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species is only known from Amos Bay and in the vicinity of Cooktown, on the Cape York Peninsula, northeastern Queensland.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The type locality of Amos Bay occurs in the Daintree-Bloomfield subregion of the Wet Tropics Bioregion. The second locality where the species has been collected is Cooktown in the Starke Coastal Lowlands of the Cape York Peninsula bioregion. Both immediate areas are considered tropical lowland rainforest. Rainfall throughout the year is 1300-3500 mm. The area is threatened by habitat loss, invasive species, and phenomena associated with climate change, like more frequent and larger tropical cyclones and fluctuations in precipitation. The Cape York Peninsula bioregion consists of eucalypt and melaleuca woodlands. Approximately half of the Starke Coastal lowlands are pastoral and other parts of the subregion are used for mining. The hottest months of the year in both Cooktown and Amos Bay occur from November-February, with the coolest months being June-August. The wettest months are from December-April, with the driest May-November. The holotype and paratype male and female were collected in May, a cooler, drier part of the year. The female from Cooktown was collected in January, a time of transition from drier to wetter in the hottest part of the year (Suppl. material 2: table S1). This species has been collected beneath bark in the rainforest.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops gangarie" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangarie">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops gangarie</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been collected once in 1973 and once in 2009. Molecular data were able to be obtained from a specimen and indicate that it is the sister taxon to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops strayamate" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strayamate">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops strayamate</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in a clade with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. ellenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ellenae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. ellenae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(no DNA was available for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. monteithi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="monteithi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. monteithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) which is corroborated by morphological data as being closely related (Suppl. material 1). The two localities where
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. gangarie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gangarie">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. gangarie</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 7. Members from the Karaops strayamate species group A Karaops gangarie, holotype female, rainforest near Amos Bay, Queensland (QM S 52315) B Karaops gangarie, paratype female from Cooktown, Queensland (QM S 88003) C Karaops gangarie, paratype male, same data as holotype (QM S 88644) D Karaops ellenae, paratype female, Mount Cooke, Western Australia (WAM T 28043 ex. 93 / 1359) E Karaops ellenae, holotype male, same data as paratype (WAM T 28050 ex. T 93 / 1366) F Karaops monteithi, holotype female, Upper Lankelly Creek, Coen District, Queensland (QM S 61052). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816390" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A-C</figureCitation>
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) has been collected are only ~ 25 km apart; however, they are in two separate bioregions. The Wet Tropics is a biodiversity hotspot, with many endemic taxa, threatened, and relictual species. The Daintree-Bloomfield subregion is considered an area of special concern because of its high density of threatened species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pert, PL" journalOrPublisher="Published by the Reef & Rainforest Research Centre Ltd on behalf of the Australian Government's Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility (MTSRF), Cairns" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.rrrc.org.au/mtsrf/publications" refId="B45" refString="Pert, PL, Bruce, CM, Butler, JRA, Metcalfe, DJ, Webster, T, Goosem, S, 2010. A Prototype Report Card for the Status and Trends of Biodiversity, Soils and Landscapes in the Wet Tropics. Published by the Reef & Rainforest Research Centre Ltd on behalf of the Australian Government's Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility (MTSRF), Cairns, http://www.rrrc.org.au/mtsrf/publications" title="A Prototype Report Card for the Status and Trends of Biodiversity, Soils and Landscapes in the Wet Tropics." url="http://www.rrrc.org.au/mtsrf/publications" year="2010">Pert et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816390" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F10">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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Members from the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops strayamate" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strayamate">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops strayamate</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops gangarie" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangarie">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops gangarie</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype female, rainforest near Amos Bay, Queensland (QM S52315)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops gangarie" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangarie">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops gangarie</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype female from Cooktown, Queensland (QM S88003)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops gangarie" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangarie">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops gangarie</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype male, same data as holotype (QM S88644)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops ellenae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellenae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops ellenae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype female, Mount Cooke, Western Australia (WAM T28043 ex. 93/1359)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops ellenae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellenae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops ellenae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype male, same data as paratype (WAM T28050 ex. T93/1366)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops monteithi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monteithi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops monteithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype female, Upper Lankelly Creek, Coen District, Queensland (QM S61052). Scale bars: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |