310 lines
21 KiB
XML
310 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.26.14919" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6526668b-a452-479b-b53f-e25c6014dea6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134090196" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-26-61" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-4049-26-61" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 26" ModsDocTitle="Two new green-spored species of Trichoderma (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and their phylogenetic positions" checkinTime="1505491063820" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhu, Zhao-Xiang, Xu, Hao-Xiang, Zhuang, Wen-Ying & Li, Yu" docDate="2017" docId="0478C84F7AA0F253E68723A7FEEF1653" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 26: 61-75" docOrigin="MycoKeys 26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.26.14919" docTitle="Trichoderma zonatum Z. X. Zhu, W. Y. Zhuang & Y. Li, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFD9EB06FFA1F319FFF4FFC2BC6D1319" masterDocTitle="Two new green-spored species of Trichoderma (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and their phylogenetic positions" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1643483819823" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new green-spored species of Trichoderma (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and their phylogenetic positions</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhu, Zhao-Xiang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Xu, Hao-Xiang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhuang, Wen-Ying</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Yu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>61</mods:start>
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<mods:end>75</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.26.14919</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.26.14919</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-26-61</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="134090196" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0478C84F7AA0F253E68723A7FEEF1653" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0478C84F7AA0F253E68723A7FEEF1653" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName LSID="MycoBank: MB821806" authority="Z. X. Zhu, W. Y. Zhuang & Y. Li" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoderma zonatum" order="Hypocreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="zonatum">Trichoderma zonatum Z.X. Zhu, W.Y. Zhuang & Y. Li</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="62">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figure 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Characterized by pulvinate, pale yellow to light brown stromata with densely disposed dark green to black ostioles, long asci (93-112
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.8-6.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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), monomorphic and subglobose ascospores (4.2-5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-4.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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), simple trichoderma-like conidiophores, green, (sub)globose to pyriform conidia (2.8-3.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.3-2.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Figure 3. The new species
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoderma zonatum" order="Hypocreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="zonatum">Trichoderma zonatum</taxonomicName>
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, holotype (HMJAU 34820).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–o">a-o</normalizedToken>
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Sexual state.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–g">a-g</normalizedToken>
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Dry stromata on nature substrate h Mature stroma after rehydration i Perithecium in section j Cortical and subcortical tissue in section k Subperithecial tissue in section l Stroma base in section.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="m–o">m-o</normalizedToken>
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Ascus with part-ascospores.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="p–aa">p-aa</normalizedToken>
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Asexual state.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="p–r">p-r</normalizedToken>
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Cultures after 7 d at 25 °C (pPDA, qCMD, rSNA).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="s–y">s-y</normalizedToken>
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Conidiophores and phialides (SNA, 7 d). z, aa Conidia (SNA, 7 d). Scales bars: 2 mm (a); 1 mm (b, g); 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="c–f">c-f</normalizedToken>
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, h); 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="i–l">i-l</normalizedToken>
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, s, x, y); 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="m–o">m-o</normalizedToken>
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, z, aa); 20 mm (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="p–r">p-r</normalizedToken>
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); 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="t–w">t-w</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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CHINA. Henan: Xinyang City, Jigong mountain.
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="31.817223">31°49'2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="114.07111">114°04'16"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1500 m alt., on bark, 16 Jul 2015, B. Zhang 220 (HMJAU 34820, holotype), Ex-type culture CGMCC 3.18758.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Stromata generally solitary, scattered, gregarious, or aggregated in small groups, broadly attached, pulvinate to somewhat flattened, outline circular or with lobed margin, (0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)1.0–2.5(–">-)1.0-2.5(-</normalizedToken>
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3) mm diam (n = 20), (0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)0.5–">-)0.5-</normalizedToken>
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0.8 mm high (n = 20). Surface flat, smooth, with slight perithecial protuberances, pale yellow to light brown, not changing colour in KOH, ostiolar openings obvious due to the green ascospores.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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In section stroma cortical tissue of textura angularis, 13-28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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thick, not changing colour in 3% KOH, cells yellow, thin-walled, 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–12(–">-12(-</normalizedToken>
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17)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–10(–">-10(-</normalizedToken>
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13)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(n = 40); subcortical tissue of textura angularis, cells hyaline, thin-walled, 4-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(n = 40); subperithecial tissue of textura epidermoidea, cells hyaline, thin-walled, 10-22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8-17
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(n = 40); tissue at the base of textura intricata, hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, (2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)3.5–6(–">-)3.5-6(-</normalizedToken>
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8)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(n = 40) wide. Perithecia subglobose or flask-shaped, crowded, 178-216
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×120–">x120-</normalizedToken>
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165
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(n = 40); peridium yellow in lactic acid, not changing colour in 3% KOH, (8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)10–14(–">-)10-14(-</normalizedToken>
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17)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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thick at the sides, (12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)14–21(–">-)14-21(-</normalizedToken>
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27)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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at the base (n = 40). Ostioles conical or cylindrical, 51-70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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high, 31-54
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide at the apex (n = 40). Asci cylindrical, 93-112
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–6.6(–">-6.6(-</normalizedToken>
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7)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, with a stipe (13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)18–">-)18-</normalizedToken>
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23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long (n = 60). Part-ascospores green, turning brown in KOH, distinctly verrucose, cells monomorphic, subglobose, also slightly ovoid, 4.2-5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-4.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(n = 100), l/w 1.0-1.1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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On CMD colony radius after 72 h 30-43 mm at 20 °C, 32-46 mm at 25 °C, 17-34 mm at 30 °C, no growth at 35 °C. Colony hyaline, circular, loose, forming obvious zonate, covering the plate after 5-7 d at 25 °C. Aerial hyphae radially arranged. Conidiation at 25 °C noted after 3 d,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="first">first</normalizedToken>
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effuse, soon followed by formation of granules or pustules, particularly along the margin, spreading from the centre across the entire plate. No distinct odor, no diffusing pigment observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">On PDA after 72 h 38-48 mm at 20 °C, 55-62 mm at 25 °C, 28-30 mm at 30 °C, no growth at 35 °C; mycelium covering the plate after 8 d at 25°C. Colony circular, conspicuously dense, becoming zonate with broad, slightly downy zones and narrow, well-defined, convex, white to green farinose zones. Aerial hyphae numerous, mostly short, becoming fertile from the centre. Conidiation at 25 °C starting after 2 d, green after 4 d, first simple, mostly on short aerial hyphae concentrated in the centre and in denser zones, later abundant in pustules. Autolytic activity lacking or inconspicuous, no coilings seen. No diffusing pigment, no distinct odour noted.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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On SNA after 72 h 12-14 mm at 20 °C, 18-20 mm at 25 °C, 15-17 mm at 30 °C, no growth at 35 °C; mycelium covering the plate after 8-9 d at 25°C. Colony hyaline, thin, loose, irregularly lobed, not zonate. Aerial hyphae inconspicuous. Autolytic activity moderate. Conidiophores visible after 4 d, trichoderma-like, with 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3(–">-3(-</normalizedToken>
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4) whorls arising from the main axis. Phialides solitary or divergent in whorls of 2-3, mostly asymmetrically arranged, lageniform, (5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)7–11(–">-)7-11(-</normalizedToken>
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14)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3(–">-3(-</normalizedToken>
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4)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, l/w 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.8(–">-2.8(-</normalizedToken>
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4) (n = 60). Conidia green, (sub)globose to pyriform, smooth, (2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)2.8–">-)2.8-</normalizedToken>
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3.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.3-2.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, l/w (1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)1.1–1.3(–">-)1.1-1.3(-</normalizedToken>
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1.5) (n = 70). No chlamydospores formed. No distinct odor, no diffusing pigment observed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">On the surface of rotten wood in humid forests of south central and east China.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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The
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<normalizedToken originalValue="specific">specific</normalizedToken>
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epithet refers to the zonate colony on PDA.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">CHINA. Fujian: Quanzhou City, Qingyuan mountain. 24°55'53"N, 118°36'31"E, 200 m alt., on bark, 6 Aug 2015, Z.X. Zhu 225, HMJAU 34825, Ex-type culture CGMCC 3.18759.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Phylogenetic analyses based on RPB2 and TEF1-α indicated that
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoderma zonatum" order="Hypocreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="zonatum">Trichoderma zonatum</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the Chlorosporum clade, previously consisting of eight species,
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. sinuosum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="sinuosum">T. sinuosum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. cremeum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="cremeum">T. cremeum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. surrotundum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="surrotundum">T. surrotundum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. chlorosporum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="chlorosporum">T. chlorosporum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. thelephoricola" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="thelephoricola">T. thelephoricola</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. rosulatum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="rosulatum">T. rosulatum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. cremeoides" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="cremeoides">T. cremeoides</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. costaricense" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="costaricense">T. costaricense</taxonomicName>
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. Phylogenetically,
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. zonatum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="zonatum">T. zonatum</taxonomicName>
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is most related to
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. rosulatum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="rosulatum">T. rosulatum</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. costaricense" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="costaricense">T. costaricense</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. rosulatum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="rosulatum">T. rosulatum</taxonomicName>
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is clearly distinguishable by dimorphic ascospores,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="gliocladium" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="gliocladium">gliocladium</taxonomicName>
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-like conidiophores, production of abundant chlamydospores and rosulate colony on CMD (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, ZX" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="113 - 129" title="Trichoderma (Hypocrea) species with green ascospores from China." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X686732" volume="34" year="2015">Zhu and Zhuang 2015</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. costaricense" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="costaricense">T. costaricense</taxonomicName>
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produces dimorphic and larger ascospores (5.5-6.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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5.2-5.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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), verticillium-like conidiophores and ellipsoidal to cylindrical conidia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Chaverri, P" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 116" title="Hypocrea / Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores." volume="48" year="2003">Chaverri and Samuels 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, ZX" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="113 - 129" title="Trichoderma (Hypocrea) species with green ascospores from China." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X686732" volume="34" year="2015">Zhu and Zhuang 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Species of the Chlorosporum clade usually produce pale yellow or pale green, semi-translucent stromata, globose to subglobose ascospores and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="gliocladium" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="gliocladium">gliocladium</taxonomicName>
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-like or verticillium-like conidiophores (
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Chaverri, P" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 116" title="Hypocrea / Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores." volume="48" year="2003">Chaverri and Samuels 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, ZX" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="113 - 129" title="Trichoderma (Hypocrea) species with green ascospores from China." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X686732" volume="34" year="2015">Zhu and Zhuang 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoderma zonatum" order="Hypocreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="zonatum">Trichoderma zonatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by pulvinate, pale yellow to light brown stromata with densely disposed dark green to black ostioles, monomorphic ascospores, simple
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="63" start="start">trichoderma-like</pageBreakToken>
|
||
conidiophores, green, (sub)globose to pyriform conidia. Morphologically, stromata of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. zonatum" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="zonatum">T. zonatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not typical of the Chlorosporum clade and differ from all other species by relatively larger and non-transparent. It is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. chromospermum" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="chromospermum">T. chromospermum</taxonomicName>
|
||
in gross stromata morphology, while the latter fungus clearly differs by much shorter asci [(78
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)85–90(–">-)85-90(-</normalizedToken>
|
||
102)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="gliocladium" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="gliocladium">gliocladium</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like conidiophores and ellipsoidal to cylindrical conidia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chaverri, P" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 116" title="Hypocrea / Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores." volume="48" year="2003">Chaverri and Samuels 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, ZX" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="113 - 129" title="Trichoderma (Hypocrea) species with green ascospores from China." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X686732" volume="34" year="2015">Zhu and Zhuang 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |