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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="26351" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9065b43f-c75d-4370-9d06-6a9559e836d1" ID-PMC="PMC6611756" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-126-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF3587A655E6E3E0F2D8564FFFA7618" ID-PubMed="31303812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3269957" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1314-2003-126-13" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 126" ModsDocTitle="A new species of dragon’s blood Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from Serra dos Órgãos (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)" checkinTime="1561791825798" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Farias, Sabrina Queiroz de, Medeiros, Debora &amp; Riina, Ricarda" docDate="2019" docId="EC405CD8FDB6E1D54E61C4A721D56902" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 126: 13-24" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 126" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649" docTitle="Croton rizzinii Farias &amp; Riina 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFF3587A655E6E3E0F2D8564FFFA7618" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFF3587A655E6E3E0F2D8564FFFA7618" masterDocTitle="A new species of dragon's blood Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from Serra dos Orgaos (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1732887070899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="81439FD7CFE32E73CD0C62CFFE7EB13C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="EF3CB6862179CA6E88BF5B4B56A1DA48">
<mods:title id="15C268F521D97C20CD5DB69912F0F3DA">A new species of dragon's blood Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from Serra dos Orgaos (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="69DEF3CAACE97BE51C4EC9F599EF7A08" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1C0DE0B7A7CA412CCE63553C86DF012D">
<mods:roleTerm id="00AB009C5B15CC47EE00D641B7C0DFF7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="05C41FEB0ED75D7496AB7B0E35E15074">Farias, Sabrina Queiroz de</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="89253130C130C9E14F77ED39456E3435" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B0A5682151A127C458E992A13DB37395">
<mods:roleTerm id="5E01059FE467DADD92454A4B891E04B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="76C6637D928822E66D6D1E2B512802AE">Medeiros, Debora</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="001D24F7B45C2DD563B9DD08E7A5E253" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FD814F3A35B657F5817C11D9F43CBD1A">
<mods:roleTerm id="18A573656C03B42CE9145840C9F6E02D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D81701CDD7FE2EFEA1AF9FFE0E284909">Riina, Ricarda</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="916C548F15CA9F25A13F8B8C072C7DAD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="52FEFDA5FF94DECFC433B82E7E9D3A93" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B87E6B09B01798C550EA68352027C4D7">
<mods:title id="FCF1019DA393CD26B80CBA37A3034B51">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A3DC65F1AF1D31737E255280D9BBA57E">
<mods:date id="C2A6C804E75B780A9E441DFFF8D5EB7C">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4A7AADAFD9033B5E406BA0620273D684" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B241E551A6C3C17A521411484A10958F">126</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="076400DCB95C0CAA6A21669370EAC621" unit="page">
<mods:start id="BB7BF77AB01BB65764F54C5A10B58D6A">13</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7C1E524628F8E1605089F50587B66225">24</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="017396ECC908299693B89E88FE5CF3FC">
<mods:url id="0735791EA707D61AB72AA3C7CBEAC148">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="9343BA2DDB2DBCB4D97FF3A5D4E05876">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="44088447808E3480A3ADD1405B25F677" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A0397D18E5B12E6E85B6D354FD1D2FF3" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-126-13</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="48BFC1CD03330A801F2632D84E3E9728" type="Pensoft-UUID">FFF3587A655E6E3E0F2D8564FFFA7618</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7CCF7CC9908E08BEF9FB9B3F88C0DCB5" type="Zenodo-Dep">3269957</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="EC405CD8FDB6E1D54E61C4A721D56902" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158471866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC405CD8FDB6E1D54E61C4A721D56902" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC405CD8FDB6E1D54E61C4A721D56902" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" scope_family="Euphorbiaceae">
<subSubSection id="166EF1EBB6FB5C99D27C69DE1B7CDEF6" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1BDB69D506C16FB175200C42B9C0FFC7" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="FF4A6B8B758A96259CB028E45023E5D6" ID-CoL="8XYWK" LSID="EC405CD8-FDB6-E1D5-4E61-C4A721D56902" authority="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii" status="sp. nov.">Croton rizzinii Farias &amp; Riina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B601EF31E6C6C1121EC979F792322D61" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="56AA5C5F38AC037B2513AC9EC16B5A0D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Croton rizzinii. A Adult individual in hillside forest B young flowering branch C mature flowering branch D detail of a mature flowering branch E detail of laciniate-glandular stipules F young branch showing yellowish latex G detail of leaf showing acropetiolar glands H-K stages of development of pistillate flowers H top view of a young pistillate flower I young pistillate flower showing a maculate gland on the distal portion of the sepal J young pistillate flower K mature pistillate flower L fruit M inflorescence showing pistillate and staminate flowers N inflorescence showing fruits. (Photos by S. Q. Farias)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/313718" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B755ACBC0E65AAE2D46D6215CA7DAA54" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Images from herbarium specimens of Croton rizzinii. A Flowering branch B inflorescence C indumentum on the adaxial surface of the lamina D indumentum on the abaxial surface of the lamina E detail of leaf showing the two acropetiolar glands F stipules G detail of a bract of a cymule with glands (colleters) at the base H mature pistillate flower I detail of the styles connate at the base J pistillate flower with ovary removed, showing disc and a gland at the base of one of the sepals K seed (ventral surface). (A, B S. Q. Farias 241 C, D, G S. Q. Farias &amp; J. L. Silva 239 E, F, K S. Q. Farias &amp; J. L. Silva 234; H, I, J S. Q. Farias &amp; J. L. Silva 205, holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/313719" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6743714FB9AFB835340217DBAA84F590" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="EF74D5E6F523421E4425959EDA6274EA" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FFA073404D8DEF10A870BDE9CAD3D051" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="2DDA5C1EE1F951B67C64453CBD548997" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="511DF3AF72516647CAA6CADD414A8BD4" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="A447ECBB082C270710F5285F9B59ED8C" authorityName="Baill" authorityYear="1864" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton celtidifolius" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="7177B27980E7CFEC1BF449617F5348E3" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Croton celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baill., but differs from the latter by the yellowish latex (vs. ochraceous to reddish latex), branches with appressed to stipitate stellate-porrect, stipitate-fasciculate and appressed-multiradiate trichomes (vs. appressed to stipitate stellate, stellate-porrect, appressed dendritic and dendritic-porrect trichomes), stipules (10
<normalizedToken id="3E30AD65ECBCC6FA2587D3C100D0CE8E" originalValue="–)12–">-)12-</normalizedToken>
14 mm long, laciniate-glandular (vs. 2-6 mm long, entire, eglandular), bracts with two inconspicuous glands (colleters) at the base (vs. eglandular bracts), staminate flowers with 64-76 stamens (vs. 50-60), campanulate pistillate flowers, sepals ca. 6-9.5 mm long, valvate to slightly imbricate (vs. rotate, ca. 2.5-5 mm long, valvate).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58CC0917836134D383095A3FCF4A8077" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="65111EBAF3E3B468E2D4181DD4D3A0FD" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87D9D3B308E31B2DE3EC2A0ADB376F43" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro:
<normalizedToken id="674FEA14B663EC01516EC9D700A78C0D" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
, Parque Nacional da Serra dos
<normalizedToken id="ECE134A008DEEBCAF1F73AD44E803D0A" originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
, BR-495, rodovia
<normalizedToken id="C6D568AF410A3E2A4B154815E41A8612" originalValue="Teresópolis-Itaipava">Teresopolis-Itaipava</normalizedToken>
, em borda de mata de encosta,
<geoCoordinate id="76A5357A5867485807C40651E85A2975" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="40.8" value="-22.411333">22°24'40.8&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="53D528ACF8D12C0B7408D3AA672BEDA9" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="08.5" value="-43.035694">43°02'08.5&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 1414 m, 28 Jan 2017, fl, S.Q. Farias &amp; J.L. Silva 205 (holotype: R!; isotype: RB!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE21EFB8FBE3A3CBC6E62AEA7DAE9BF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C15929FEECAF3109457DA9762D7B64F" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F7DDE779959CD7FF01D8D8D1BCFF34E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6A4E9BC9BAB48F41AE3C7F58AA51A239" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Trees</emphasis>
ca. 5-10 m tall, monoecious; young branches with a dense to sparse indumentum of appressed to stipitate stellate-porrect, stipitate-fasciculate and appressed-multiradiate trichomes, cinereous, yellowish, or pale ferrugineous; latex yellowish.
<emphasis id="0213BFD4AF4262A7EFDAA79486E35E5B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, simple; lamina 7-22
<normalizedToken id="77DDABA380ADABD4B9C50A12D2458986" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.4-12.2 cm, discolorous, membrana
<pageBreakToken id="C84229914C466B11A598BD04E7A1DFED" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" start="start">ceous</pageBreakToken>
, ovate to cordate, apex acute, long-acuminate to caudate-acuminate, base rounded, obtuse to cordate, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent with indumentum of appressed to short-stipitate fasciculate trichomes, more concentrated along the veins, abaxial surface densely pubescent with indumentum of stipitate stellate-porrect to stipitate-multiradiate trichomes; venation brochidodromous, trinerved at the base to palminerved; margin inconspicuously dentate, with ovoid to cylindrical glands (colleters) at the tip of each tooth; petioles 1.9-13 cm long, with dense indumentum of appressed to stipitate stellate-porrect, stipitate-fasciculate and appressed-multiradiate trichomes; nectary glands 2, acropetiolar, patelliform, shortly stipitate to stipitate, on the abaxial side; stipules (10
<normalizedToken id="72D3606AE2AA38FAE8415A73F4E4EA7D" originalValue="–)12–">-)12-</normalizedToken>
14 mm long, linear-lanceolate, cream to yellowish-green, margin laciniate-glandular, sometimes with a glandular tip, abaxial surface with sparse indumentum of appressed stellate-porrect to multiradiate trichomes.
<emphasis id="52A23080EC05CD6496944AC43BA06AE1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Inflorescences</emphasis>
terminal, erect, 6-29 cm long, axis with dense indumentum of appressed to stipitate stellate-porrect trichomes; proximal cymules bisexual, spaced along the axis; cymule bracts variable in size and shape, 4-9
<normalizedToken id="228365AA2E22C6CF3FA86CA611211079" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.6-2 mm, narrowly oblong, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, abaxial surface with appressed stellate-porrect trichomes, with 2 sessile, minute, basal glands (colleters), margin entire to irregularly dissected with stipitate-fasciculate trichomes.
<emphasis id="05E0538CFF8C2FE879E330694AB72BE6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
rotate, 7-11 mm long; pedicel 2.5-6 mm long, with indumentum of appressed stellate-porrect trichomes; sepals 5, valvate, connate at the base, entire, equal, 3.5-4
<normalizedToken id="79FDE45511F7BD1B1C9F88EBE8838A17" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5 mm, ovate, apex acute, adaxial surface with simple trichomes at the base and along the margin; abaxial surface with appressed stellate-porrect trichomes; petals 5, 2.2-3.5
<normalizedToken id="74BB83F2092CBEE791C90647E1C3F9B2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.9-1.2 mm, distinct, oblanceolate, apex acute, adaxial surface with simple trichomes at the base, abaxial surface with simple trichomes along the margin; stamens 64-76, filaments 2.5-4.5 mm long, with simple trichomes, disc 5-segmented, receptacle villose with dense simple trichomes.
<emphasis id="8C6EC7B8E5B93CD240156155D87F1BEF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
campanulate, 6.5-10.1 mm long, sessile to subsessile; sepals 5, 6-9.5
<normalizedToken id="29CD7023F74BD3937314D4D669CE3FCD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-5 mm, valvate to slightly imbricate, connate at the base, entire, unequal, ovate to broadly ovate, apex acute to abruptly acute with glandular tip (colleter), adaxial surface with indumentum of short-stipitate stellate trichomes at the distal portion, abaxial surface with indumentum of appressed stellate-porrect and appressed-multiradiate trichomes; maculate glands sometimes present on some of the sepals; petals each reduced to a filament with an apical gland (colleter); ovary ca. 3.4 mm in diam., densely covered with pale ferrugineous rosulate trichomes; styles 3, 4-fid to multifid (12-18 terminal tips), connate at the base, with appressed stellate-porrect trichomes; disc 5-segmented.
<emphasis id="4335AD97801AF89B923EE980D48C32DD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Capsules</emphasis>
7.5-10
<normalizedToken id="92EA2D7BCF6AF2E235FFEC9820F276BA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.8-5.4 mm, subglobose, densely covered with pale ferrugineous rosulate trichomes; sepals and columella persistent; columella 6 mm long.
<emphasis id="41522F587FC5DF0589CEBA918C9993E8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Seeds</emphasis>
4.1-5.4
<normalizedToken id="65FC97B831A71EFF1B9A8A8305DE24CD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-3.3 mm, oblongoid, brown, ribbed; caruncle 1
<normalizedToken id="75F1C2B42CB253968E15086C803D0D07" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5 mm, cream, transversely oblong.
</paragraph>
<caption id="805E32FDBC91CB2D9F0AC08F764C9447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3270377" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/313718" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="ECCE566D6A61C72115775F69312BEF79" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="4435F9FE1492C754439AD835253EB1B1" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D54F26EE70C3E2944FFEE0A4AA7A82A0" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="929978C4F71A4B08C1F6F213DBD28B03" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="D94672D40FD1A0D5F59755242E941422" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
Adult individual in hillside forest
<emphasis id="8E7992445D282B3C4131ADDE7FA0635D" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
young flowering branch
<emphasis id="E8AA4FAFBF431210EACB317BA7DC4AA8" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
mature flowering branch
<emphasis id="248001FCCFFED0CD6D51DE0C572F4D7F" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
detail of a mature flowering branch
<emphasis id="37CB0C3E1F7598212EB905BA6BAE2B97" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
detail of laciniate-glandular stipules
<emphasis id="9F4472E64973FAC9EED0D868787067F2" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">F</emphasis>
young branch showing yellowish latex
<emphasis id="97F812D1F23A79B425E9117FA926CF83" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">G</emphasis>
detail of leaf showing acropetiolar glands
<emphasis id="37633E0CEA88C7CCB493B14B2D75B46E" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
<normalizedToken id="E1FEFDE1D972C6340F268898EA12A663" originalValue="H–K">H-K</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
stages of development of pistillate flowers
<emphasis id="737F635F22EB811D87BE5EB403306A27" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">H</emphasis>
top view of a young pistillate flower
<emphasis id="523E2F0446AD1C301EE12B34EAFE0E00" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
young pistillate flower showing a maculate gland on the distal portion of the sepal
<emphasis id="2642441CCEF10FDD341CF8648F05CEF0" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">J</emphasis>
young pistillate flower
<emphasis id="F4C347C51ED082E72059AB7D679FB693" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">K</emphasis>
mature pistillate flower
<emphasis id="DEF077DCC18C5E1CF7EFB09BB6396CBF" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">L</emphasis>
fruit
<emphasis id="AF4F70D8342544D7C64A0CAC02E58E24" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">M</emphasis>
inflorescence showing pistillate and staminate flowers
<emphasis id="79D6174ABBE8CB18C1936259E53AF5D5" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
inflorescence showing fruits. (Photos by S.Q. Farias).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="225A6506ADCF493EF61668947602F8F9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3270379" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/313719" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="2E908EFAA58B1E9958E974F30B24C606" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="06A3D65FBBEA24B7080CCA69838437D9" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Images from herbarium specimens of
<taxonomicName id="7721972123DDF0F32DC009C3E4E1D3EF" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="E85D5C45E86C02D758BAE39251A070F4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B0DD3DFE6B673AD63A5EBABE8E1AC4F3" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
Flowering branch
<emphasis id="40787FCB2DF8256D7AA94FFD5E809364" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
inflorescence
<emphasis id="4553FA7D3D3BDDC864995FF2A7E736DB" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
indumentum on the adaxial surface of the lamina
<emphasis id="6DA07DC8A0C62CD1D9921954C66D9A00" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
indumentum on the abaxial surface of the lamina
<emphasis id="9EBE76483335EB8BEECF2887438D7363" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
detail of leaf showing the two acropetiolar glands
<emphasis id="DB95621829ED2C48C09547EF9F8173DC" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">F</emphasis>
stipules
<emphasis id="64939CC0320B8AED75FE05ACB5F7DE19" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">G</emphasis>
detail of a bract of a cymule with glands (colleters) at the base
<emphasis id="D5C7F9CBCFDF1C45BFE611A0AE8E53E1" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">H</emphasis>
mature pistillate flower
<emphasis id="55CB76B54676C78A10010C0645CAECD1" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
detail of the styles connate at the base
<emphasis id="BE9A05EBAD12507DBF1CDA135F7599AA" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">J</emphasis>
pistillate flower with ovary removed, showing disc and a gland at the base of one of the sepals
<emphasis id="07801616009FFBD15BFBFB583F966E6A" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">K</emphasis>
seed (ventral surface). (
<emphasis id="1DAE01F5EF7082BE667737DF7B7CACC6" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">A, B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C732066CD5DDFDF3CCAF4442B0864FCA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">S.Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2257B5A1E2978B449A83A62D529C68AA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Farias 241</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D1AB1F34A1B2B4D16DAE39117093D40D" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">C, D, G</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EB330F053DD60B7A6B1F2FF420DCAE5D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">S.Q. Farias &amp; J.L. Silva 239</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4F89D5059F07F9D9A47D56A7654574E6" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">E, F, K</emphasis>
<emphasis id="23E802052EF0902E16EDA1CBB8ADF0D0" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">S.Q. Farias &amp; J.L. Silva 234</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="C86C668D72B4ECD5AE8AD27325E8E036" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">H, I, J</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CA026A1ADAA0F04404210F4ABB44D0F1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">S.Q. Farias &amp; J.L. Silva 205</emphasis>
, holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7F811AB70981B8E49F1D4D622FACC26" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="002C2A43C623E0560EA0B5730DF310C6" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6CF1522CF1AA47EFDAB2BDDC7304CE5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
BRAZIL - Rio de Janeiro • A. Souza et al. 1576 (R);
<normalizedToken id="34450911204DC8AD9D3C59AC544E8B3F" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
[Guapimirim], Serra dos
<normalizedToken id="833B4721D5FF6C27E4A8D45A669978E2" originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
, rodovia
<normalizedToken id="C714906842A0160026B92D954CA3C94F" originalValue="Rio-Teresópolis">Rio-Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="D2571FD148D767B5B26EC7AA659FFE09" originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
ao rio Soberbo;
<geoCoordinate id="C9ECF3058BB31B87DAF54EAE92C00B2D" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="23.56" value="-22.489878">22°29'23.56&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B3F0578B3DEAD664C6C17E2874F12941" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="27.71" value="-43.007698">43°00'27.71&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 505 m; 28 Nov. 1986; fl • A. Souza et al. 1575 (R);
<normalizedToken id="27035556FD4A969C9B68BD96F5ACCF54" originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
, Parque Nacional da Serra dos
<normalizedToken id="2BABD068624A0E713BB3BFDB16440662" originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
, BR-495, rodovia
<normalizedToken id="2C222B74A33F2355ED8C12F8DAE86F55" originalValue="Teresópolis-Itaipava">Teresopolis-Itaipava</normalizedToken>
; 28 Nov. 1986; fl • S.Q. Farias &amp; J.L. Silva 239 (R); ibid, km 9;
<geoCoordinate id="51380E54AE0B2B84BFD128EC9DCF3099" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="38.5" value="-22.410694">22°24'38.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2BAC9B62CEEF23E6071B02AABA69F945" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="24.2" value="-43.040054">43°02'24.2&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1416 m; 28 Apr. 2018; fl • R. Barnes s.n. (R
<pageBreakToken id="AF498152B529F0F9DEE78D21EB8077B3" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" start="start">186364</pageBreakToken>
, FUEL34028, INPA 212592, IPA 61764, MBM 275097, RB 377649, SP 361735);
<normalizedToken id="0E9DE98E48DD7425062C60884317A433" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
; 30 Jun. 1995; fl • R. Barnes s.n. (R 185344); Serra dos
<normalizedToken id="E66867461F1ADE435A974C06D289B1BC" originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="CD12DF96C5E823B3D773FC2FE8A6D719" originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
ao abrigo 3;
<geoCoordinate id="4886DDADB8F9C3D5E789F166AED97773" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.32" value="-22.448421">22°26'54.32&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4C94A747A32AC3896760DC908C94E81A" degrees="42" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="0.21" value="-42.98339">42°59'0.21&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1000 m; 25 Jan. 1995; fl • S.Q. Farias &amp; J.L. Silva 200 (R); BR-495, rodovia
<normalizedToken id="AB27D5FE25B4A4A9F4DA0A12304BE17F" originalValue="Teresópolis-Itaipava">Teresopolis-Itaipava</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate id="7D09EFAA7CEEE01C62ACB6C3FE01BE90" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="40.8" value="-22.411333">22°24'40.8&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C5C37127E1B8A5F357AEB327004F53F3" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="08.5" value="-43.035694">43°02'08.5&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1414 m; 15 Jan. 2017; fl, fr • S.Q. Farias &amp; J.L. Silva 234 (R, RB); ibid; 2 Apr. 2018; fl, fr • S.Q. Farias 241 (R, RB); ibid; 2 Mar. 2019; fl, fr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48D7E2A986E896E2F6DEFDD25097B1F3" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B48E0531699CBBBF476B0B2EFCFC4992" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2709D097430982853DAE99C4EE4218A5" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="D0A35546CD16E6AFACA632CBD2193B40" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="360B5EA3EB5D279466959CC0F93C8637" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the Serra dos
<normalizedToken id="D96676C140A7CD750F3B86B7C0CCE4A9" originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
National Park, with records in the municipalities of Guapimirim,
<normalizedToken id="C37EBE3F19AF19D2EE360877C940513E" originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken id="F5567882AA49CEA00281F0EFDF0AAA15" originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
(Rio de Janeiro) (Figure
<figureCitation id="E58B2B30F99CE23C5CC387E7B6C3126E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map of Rio de Janeiro State showing the distribution of Croton rizzinii (black circles). The inset map of Brazil on the left provides the context with the state of Rio de Janeiro highlighted in grey. ES = Espirito Santo, MG = Minas Gerais, RJ = Rio de Janeiro, SP = Sao Paulo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/313720" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">3</figureCitation>
). It grows in montane ombrophilous dense forest, between 500 and 1500 m elevation and in disturbed areas like forest edges and roadsides.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FE7F7928B11C33D0EAF65A9D4712F2A5" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3270381" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/313720" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="1610F0E3F69407E1ABE9A53E8F86CC55" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="CCAFA866C920EC69D17A8987A848BC9F" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Map of Rio de Janeiro State showing the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="60318389A1BA0A7BDFA3E62D9B367FC8" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="786BA5C8388D8AE147B52C5CEAB198D2" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black circles). The inset map of Brazil on the left provides the context with the state of Rio de Janeiro highlighted in grey. ES =
<normalizedToken id="3BCA69DD200DCAF623CF5C9A48A85964" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo, MG = Minas Gerais, RJ = Rio de Janeiro, SP =
<normalizedToken id="C1F931C0DB0611A7D7BC6D12DDD066CC" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="418174CC17A9E79E66637875E1EE6416" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="F3669444E56D875AD5BBADB1ADBE45A4" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9427ADEC5081A1C56D00099EF9A9CFED" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">The new species has been collected in flower in January, March, April, June, November and December. The flowering peak is in December and January, with fruits between January and April.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6B5C329668F63029757C339D4FB6E30E" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E294BCF38E14E51BFA6E763B2799CFCB" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD8F80D3669C9967B8E1B3DF0EBFEF09" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
The specific epithet is given in homage to Carlos Toledo Rizzini, a Brazilian botanist, for his dedication to the study of the flora of the Serra dos
<normalizedToken id="5416B8A0E5C2EC1B6ABDDEED55BE0F4D" originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
mountain range.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3FA4182AECF0E63FD9023171A8E5737" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="15B2E04ED53A26A1F9C90395BDF5F08F" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E289D42D9F41F60C584FBCC55B406945" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="3E8F1B8C4E754A611B4F170B2B26CA95" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="48A481A2F9109B41A78EE94228A18040" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from a few collections in three municipalities of the PARNASO. It has an estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 19,653 km2. Although the species occurs within a conservation unit, it suffers considerably from anthropic pressure caused by tourism, urbanisation, agriculture and
<pageBreakToken id="62859C6BFA8292E8A87A2EEC9E494B20" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" start="start">grazing</pageBreakToken>
. Based on our data,
<taxonomicName id="2FBE11F17A9D5BD92AFD3044A320AEC1" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="7A62937664C2BE90A9E7891876802341" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be assessed either as Critically Endangered (CR B1b[iii]) or Data Deficient (DD). The latter category is based on the lack of sufficient information regarding the distribution and size of populations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9D1B6FC7B52E328F1CB246E030CC503" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F22964F44F75037567DED38D245CFE1E" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2EBE2F842B67792E9343A25E5E7A5E8" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="AAD6DED390854353F1F3F6989F912918" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="174D98DB81AEDE528715D80A2F88372E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognised in the field by its yellowish latex, laciniate-glandular stipules that are cream to green-yellowish in colour, bracts with two inconspicuous glands (colleters) at the base, campanulate pistillate flowers with sepals covering the entire ovary and the presence of maculate glands on the adaxial surface. We are assigning the species to
<taxonomicName id="60F900E65943D3E7D80F1BEFEFB07289" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Cyclostigma">Croton sect. Cyclostigma</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E1716B4E2F857BDDD2DAAE07FFEF56C3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.603013" author="Van Ee, BW" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" pagination="793 - 823" refId="B23" refString="Van Ee, BW, Riina, R, Berry, PE, 2011. A revised infrageneric classification and molecular phylogeny of New World Croton (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 42: 793 - 823, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.603013" title="A revised infrageneric classification and molecular phylogeny of New World Croton (Euphorbiaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.603013" volume="42" year="2011">Van Ee et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
) due to its arborescent habit, yellowish latex, stellate trichomes, triplinerved to palmate venation, acropetiolar glands, basal bisexual cymules, pistillate flowers with vestigial petals and staminate flowers with numerous stamens. However, further testing using molecular characters would be desirable to confirm its phylogenetic position. The finding of a new species in this section in a relatively well explored area is surprising and shows that botanical exploration continues to be relevant in highly diverse Neotropical areas and especially in biodiversity hotspots (
<bibRefCitation id="95B7F43245A37FE45A982446312B6366" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501" author="Myers, N" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" pagination="853 - 858" refId="B14" refString="Myers, N, Mittermeier, RA, Mittermeier, CG, Fonseca, GAB, Kent, J, 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853 - 858, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501" title="Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501" volume="403" year="2000">Myers et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3BD18581F77D756394F0D55B687E8430" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109389108" author="Joppa, LN" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" pagination="13171 - 13176" refId="B13" refString="Joppa, LN, Roberts, DL, Myers, N, Pimm, SL, 2011. Biodiversity hotspots house most undiscovered plant species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108: 13171 - 13176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109389108" title="Biodiversity hotspots house most undiscovered plant species." url="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109389108" volume="108" year="2011">Joppa et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
) regardless of their current level of floristic inventory and the taxonomic knowledge of the focal group (
<bibRefCitation id="CA1A53C9D1D5D5CFEE3CBB945A2FD7E9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3417/2018131" author="Riina, R" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" pagination="330 - 350" refId="B19" refString="Riina, R, Berry, PE, Secco, RDS, Meier, W, Caruzo, MBR, 2018. Reassessment of Croton sect. Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae) points to the Amazon Basin as its Main Center of Diversity. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 103: 330 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3417/2018131" title="Reassessment of Croton sect. Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae) points to the Amazon Basin as its Main Center of Diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.3417/2018131" volume="103" year="2018">Riina et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E353C241B13BF3EF0427E94C68FDEB56" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="233F20B98D37F9F0AEF3F940160FDEE7" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="B83F08AAE798B4D1B5166369628ABDA2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other Brazilian
<taxonomicName id="0BE3524F786E0EB8F912ACA11444612F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Cyclostigma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyclostigma" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B123B820326D5C490B2962754B54F592" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Cyclostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by its laciniate-glandular stipules, bracts with glands (colleters) at the base, sepals of the pistillate flowers with glands (colleters) at the apex and, sometimes, macular glands on the adaxial surface. Another character distinguishing it from its most similar species in the ARF is the size of seeds, which are the smallest in size amongst them (Table
<tableCitation id="24C8562073E5904E7C17257A4A8C8AC7" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Main characters distinguishing Croton rizzinii from its morphologically closest species in the Atlantic Rain Forest (ARF)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F">1</tableCitation>
). Amongst the ARF
<taxonomicName id="EC6A3FCF62FE7F020F29D80F64112AE8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Cyclostigma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyclostigma" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34BE819E9D40070DB72ABAA6410AEB5B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Cyclostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species,
<taxonomicName id="74EA5CC5EFAE7935A786CD31AC7D55A6" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="002420FA75AEE67D0F4C0B96DDFD3DB0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be most similar to
<taxonomicName id="76F613DEDD45EDC9C8B59F75E86BD971" lsidName="C. celtidifolius" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="F8E0D61FC1362FFEE7153748D1801DED" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8EEB7EE6E9561315F085FC5F1E592B79" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1441-8" author="Santos, RF" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" pagination="1467 - 1497" refId="B20" refString="Santos, RF, Riina, R, Caruzo, MBR, 2017. Diversity of arborescent lineages of Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 1467 - 1497, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1441-8" title="Diversity of arborescent lineages of Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1441-8" volume="303" year="2017">Santos et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="86FF8E34763690C327DDC6D3A018D458" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S2236-89062007000400011" author="Caruzo, MBR" journalOrPublisher="Hoehnea" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" pagination="571 - 585" refId="B4" refString="Caruzo, MBR, Cordeiro, I, 2007. Sinopse da tribo Crotoneae Dumort. (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) no Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Hoehnea 34: 571 - 585, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S2236-89062007000400011" title="Sinopse da tribo Crotoneae Dumort. (Euphorbiaceae s. s.) no Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S2236-89062007000400011" volume="34" year="2007">Caruzo and Cordeiro 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Both species occur sympatrically and syntopically and can be confused by their similar ovate to cordate and pubescent leaves, trinerved at the base to palminerved venation, short-stipitate to stipitate petiolar glands on the abaxial side of the petiole and subglobose fruits. However, they can be readily distinguished by several characters, mainly by those related to latex colour, type of trichomes on branches, number of acropetiolar glands, stipules, bracteoles, stamen number and pistillate flowers (see Table
<tableCitation id="01CC0DBF75502022879873B4C49CD9E4" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Main characters distinguishing Croton rizzinii from its morphologically closest species in the Atlantic Rain Forest (ARF)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F">1</tableCitation>
and identification key). Due to their resemblance, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="6B941F5A38BB3EAEFA2B6B85D2BD0756" lsidName="C. rizzinii" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="466A8A133E8514695F5B47E3EEEB3EB5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have often misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="33FF0630DAB48790294C00FC828180B7" lsidName="C. celtidifolius" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="1D33983E3C13442C12A879068230A368" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in herbaria.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F" ID-Table-UUID="8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph id="CA9B77D8C4474A6C5DD646C0B6E5D9FC" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="C009F30FF298E3009FB2AFDDADF34B72" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Table 1.</emphasis>
Main characters distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="2D6BACC901084D7788D8D498514EA4E8" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="8EA8CE62ED8E1E7745781495BBEA1AC1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its morphologically closest species in the Atlantic Rain Forest (ARF).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="39A3014CDBF48558EFBF32D12D4C9F78" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<table id="4F1AA65B87161E47C913E1DC0699A687" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<tr id="AD09F99B341B11FFE6B02E0B20493F2E" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="B268B4992ED1F75A129CC6F814D0D766" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="E37D47BC4E30D81EBBEC9552D7FD5213" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Characters</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="F8CD03C355BE64CEFD128D1A42C5A981" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="DF52C11C74B06664B215DA746D928CEA" lsidName="C. rizzinii" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="CFAA156837CF0F23D494D0906C2D24F9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="42E99E824A491DB9A7542E6798BD7915" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="DACDFAE81969EA27830299CC2F1D44D3" lsidName="C. alchorneicarpus" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="alchorneicarpus">
<emphasis id="22AEB8A1639B6E06FAF64AF60E2A52A4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. alchorneicarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="AC5B86DA24898217E5249620AEBCEEEC" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="8D3F8638E9CC35D927D418301FCE01E0" lsidName="C. celtidifolius" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="celtidifolius">
<emphasis id="441B49656F44BD0A34253F20B7C62EB0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. celtidifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="D8D08C07E919D39CB4DA5D26A88F0757" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="C8C26AD57A8018BE69A078B0C2F0D7BA" lsidName="C. lagoensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="lagoensis">
<emphasis id="77AF38AF29BEF10DDCF406B86DE88201" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. lagoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="8EFB0485839B68DA7C1B7524D1D03594" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0583D419C4740DE456F52E582CE000" lsidName="C. vulnerarius" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="vulnerarius">
<emphasis id="5EAB48E3B56871F5608225A36E9A01D0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. vulnerarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="006E6660039DEA0A07ECEEFD0013EEF3" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="DC01C151CDA35DF7A5EABC43FB5C1895" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Maximum height (m)</td>
<td id="6E1E32185CB426AF428D0062AEAE79C0" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td id="388952260B0A4E8AA89DE4E0ADDD76EB" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">15</td>
<td id="B069299C9CD68ADE38CAEDFD99BC0CBF" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">15</td>
<td id="9BDF269AA36BFD47D8D51A07161EAE94" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td id="B91A3B5835610DF0B5FA0154CBB941B8" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="04FD8DEB5692B6344EB6F53C6BD75980" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="F586E5D432F2565ADA54B1ECB8118F80" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Trichomes on branches</td>
<td id="827FACAADFA41C42CED633F3E47C3257" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Appressed to stipitate stellate-porrect, stipitate-fasciculate and appressed-multiradiate</td>
<td id="E53FE87EADCB142EF82CA7D146FD8CFB" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Appressed stellate, stellate-porrect, dendritic and dendritic-porrect</td>
<td id="8E7A0FD43B0238274DCA37022ABBB771" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Appressed to stipitate stellate, stellate-porrect, appressed dendritic and dendritic-porrect</td>
<td id="EF5CF84653733587760EAB31CADB3950" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Appressed to stipitate stellate-lepidote</td>
<td id="597F6A3469F02BACB1127DA3EBFAC58A" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Appressed-stellate, stipitate-dendritic and appressed-rosulate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="676E150EE2A059F2B6C5EE044816FE54" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="15C0B920ACFF8E65EE78290F04DC7F25" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Petiolar glands</td>
<td id="F3145CF0B26429C7483F5CD6B888622A" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2, short-stipitate to stipitate</td>
<td id="93564D8A6E3AB8EBEAC0D5A315C915A5" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2(-4), stipitate</td>
<td id="C1377A579D9E7675DA5BE39833629D14" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2(-4), stipitate, rarely short-stipitate</td>
<td id="BEAE765C541C8380B8C956A888754918" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2, sessile</td>
<td id="43E809EBEBAE48C4BE95D388229F8878" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2(-4), stipitate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D217C93736433D2C1A0E21A04F75B3B8" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="5DE195510F6C420AF19BD733EEEF9C1E" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Stipule shape</td>
<td id="4B7B4677ECEEE04B618A7634E8D13621" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Linear-lanceolate, never foliaceous</td>
<td id="34ABFFC25567F556EFC32187CB32EE9A" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Linear to lanceolate, sometimes foliaceous</td>
<td id="F732D5973438C98F1A018FA96C9A1935" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Linear to lanceolate, rarely foliaceous</td>
<td id="18698172DA641D8BD569C4F4886E6DF1" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, never foliaceous</td>
<td id="A101D6E01C1D767C10B06CF7B088BABD" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Lanceolate to filiform, never foliaceous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="32458ECE6325D5718C295FAA9B4EC570" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="3C39C773BE41104FA55AFC66C996D9B7" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Stipule margin</td>
<td id="EA83488BEE6C36BD060689E6BC24A5B3" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Laciniate-glandular</td>
<td id="93FA34A03278C85E80BFB7CB74A9D75B" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Entire</td>
<td id="3737518F1A4F0509C770B354CA6F63E7" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Entire</td>
<td id="D49D7B99FB164AED1275FE512F3681D2" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Entire</td>
<td id="449F27A3B5C449C1412E5C82DCE12538" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Entire</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7F4112726203CD757725B8DB08EF3DA3" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="281F5C0817730604BB2FD96EA6F10B7F" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Stipule length (mm)</td>
<td id="987657787F8F7D5DA82C15F37770A2D6" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">(10-)12-14</td>
<td id="8EE848CF12D75F7AD13D0A219CEB1811" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6-12</td>
<td id="231723DEE40E542B15A06A5AB4F4E2C3" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2-6</td>
<td id="99382016A493ED1DC28FB6637F83B9D8" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6-8</td>
<td id="383F9EB91D3696280BBA831C730D8B9F" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">(9-)13-16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5349720BAF1308F7154D797D37F43B8F" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="4D650D549043807884A0F643EA607EB6" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Inflorescence length (cm)</td>
<td id="7CDC86CD60774BD14EE86B172D98873B" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6-29</td>
<td id="799D9DD861DAEBA2479B3F1C90612E5C" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6-13</td>
<td id="906D29191AB497DDC25FF2247E0CF3D3" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">(11-)22-32</td>
<td id="CAFB694564B9E79076A7B30CFC1E7891" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">10-15</td>
<td id="3B06BED0F7055749B5666EE5C0D71223" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">7-12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FD1D29C148219606EB709BFFC2FCB359" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="B5BFCC533D9AD3D35D74A8FA3F91ADD8" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Bracts of the cymules</td>
<td id="21D6623C7F09C88704AD0565568CBFC9" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Entire to irregularly dissected, 2 glands at the base</td>
<td id="B1D53FAC6A8DCC4475AC2E95CB9377CA" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Entire, eglandular</td>
<td id="0CFBF466991826ADC4E108C72C5738C8" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Entire, eglandular</td>
<td id="C872208E991AACEB6EB711AD9A250E77" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Entire, eglandular</td>
<td id="945E61FA065CE2006380A6EFB8AF1282" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Entire, eglandular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9F0E822F6E1D10017974B059D03759AF" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="F4DE365D7EC93C30B17B7AA5058C3F8F" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Staminate flower shape</td>
<td id="317DD3EDDAD06B0BED9A7530A6996E78" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Rotate</td>
<td id="EDAA558F867E64D4F228D1FAEE6330D5" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Rotate</td>
<td id="F29CEDC950D30E28CD31BCC54FBA7022" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Rotate</td>
<td id="629D2D76C7C873930998FB334A07450F" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Rotate</td>
<td id="B4A175BE4071DA5765F94D3607E72396" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Subcampanulate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="96C406733BF083C02149D23A8B8D7D1B" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="8A137ADEFA3053B351B10CCBF91329D0" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Stamen number</td>
<td id="5003F0585BC83672243FDBAFA33409ED" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">64-76</td>
<td id="106763534C9DF49D5640E4AEDB1F1690" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">ca. 60</td>
<td id="74E608A4D0FD2008B3827A84284F893B" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">50-60</td>
<td id="D5368A267767E6DEE6C3FCB379A8D847" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">40-50</td>
<td id="F58D171C612FE62874010D33153605DE" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">ca. 100</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C72629DF4CB187BE4685BD388859262C" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="10C1BDB90BC81329D6D3FF869E3810EB" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Pistillate flower shape</td>
<td id="E370710199B25C0A8ED244156EC1E989" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Campanulate</td>
<td id="462EB8E293A1E3FBBCE21DF2EC968872" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Subcampanulate</td>
<td id="9105DD4C2F98591518B239A4F4AAD744" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Rotate</td>
<td id="86BDED03ED5F957D96FBB786C678E103" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Campanulate</td>
<td id="5A603ADA25A5A7A80B8C32D6F7FBAE8D" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Campanulate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="74133E704B9BF646E33A5B6F6CF406DA" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="F6F8E4142DA045E711A30D689514D1D1" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Pistillate sepal shape</td>
<td id="C03870A3C1CE41E728E03F14390E2BC3" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Ovate to broadly ovate</td>
<td id="D5541F76137C2D297383F31E6ABA2ECF" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Broadly ovate</td>
<td id="FE5F89C9B6FF8A9FD39099BAC0BF16B6" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Ovate to lanceolate</td>
<td id="96C8B823C14AE0C81B48F11DE278AAF3" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Broadly ovate</td>
<td id="75CE77A6A13236808EE982CB8D00CA1D" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Ovate-lanceolate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2DCF2E58606E8AE040CE5054A69788D7" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="C7F4F2C9C2A5550903861FA5A9DE95DD" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Pistillate sepal length (mm)</td>
<td id="90111CA771190C06BFC71BF9AE887BFE" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6-9.5</td>
<td id="7A98DD1CE1C6D23A16662E079988EA00" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">5-9.4</td>
<td id="2D06AF13F102A2F158AC83198ADB5FC4" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">2.5-5</td>
<td id="B73298BE34F3CC140BB33806736A7F27" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">3-6</td>
<td id="9A4548F1EA6A11165DA00244D9B9C67F" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">5.5-7.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D06B1437FAFC8F922DF0FEA23848A9A1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="266AB6AB045E613B8C2782400CE4D5D6" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Vestigial pistillate petals</td>
<td id="5EB78901796A0211DA8AE7E8A45CEC3A" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Filiform</td>
<td id="43B1884CED42B4FA14CED8DAEA36254B" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Filiform</td>
<td id="051F296059897C3414CC7DAA087B1FC4" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Filiform</td>
<td id="FB2371E9B89CBE3E11B158C96FA693F9" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Filiform</td>
<td id="2F243A929D395B34003949CCF33EC44D" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Linear-lanceolate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D979CED68922C9ADECE65D9F03D14A87" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="58CF5853A47DCDA8E34A9D20B32A510B" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Seed size (mm)</td>
<td id="0693A4B820167F0B77CD00D91C0E5E4D" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
4.1-5.4
<normalizedToken id="D8E9929F0C1F6B88DD6093099B542ABE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-3.3
</td>
<td id="B1DEDEB1FCD2A0C1938D0DDFFAE297FB" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
7.5
<normalizedToken id="96F97C54939B3A724E104A96C1124C28" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4
</td>
<td id="78A0C35F2AD6BC8DB43F64FAC0F6CAB0" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
5.7-7
<normalizedToken id="548402E73450F5B88C753F29E6F6CA42" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.7-4
</td>
<td id="2D1AB73AF34C12FA6C2BBAAD305A9238" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
7
<normalizedToken id="2209C9C212226F7FEF9713C244E40712" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4
</td>
<td id="73DDDE8067BF322790AC43BA9A81B5B0" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
5.9
<normalizedToken id="DAB81582B2F204F6FB735BDA6BB63882" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.4
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4CCF06792275F13A2FD39F36300F2A04" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="C806BE3CFB4BA1C4180FAC516C9A34A9" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Habitat</td>
<td id="3D6776C774EC83687701875F8D40D781" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Montane wet forest</td>
<td id="7C5FE37D8E73E97BD6D21ECD2D44064B" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Montane wet forest, riparian forest</td>
<td id="0F2A1D7655CC0D808BB86E0798332521" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Montane wet forest, dry forest riparian forest</td>
<td id="DB6B3D270F5D3CB3758E71821D33F6C3" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Dry forest, campos rupestres</td>
<td id="2024374A07DAEA07D3905463B37370CE" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Montane wet forest, dry forest</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0F3DCB1B2D45313CCAB52D8A8BF6E319" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="072B39465C7283062932DEE5C11A7EC2" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Elevation (m)</td>
<td id="BF744C15E8AD855DE41A4F5C30A190C5" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">500-1500</td>
<td id="910CF2D14338AE6FC63344BEB11DB30F" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">800-2320</td>
<td id="61DB5351D0D5C3D4C96298763FFBCE71" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">350-1400</td>
<td id="A0DBBE2CEB9032F79E585EF4799B06E4" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">800-1800</td>
<td id="2EA76313C7702ACEF856DF1AA92B92F9" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">780-1600</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0466FC3D70D77A664D39E40702300E7E" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<td id="E963E8F763A37ACDDC1C092021F40F93" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Distribution</td>
<td id="8DD058AF4A65B65DF74B1D2DCB4DA4D2" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">ARF (RJ)</td>
<td id="EF73391D4D429287C0509EDDEB68EA36" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">ARF (MG, SP, RJ)</td>
<td id="03489360F84BFC89BF4EA2225A9311EA" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">ARF (ES, MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP, RS)</td>
<td id="3D48E524295CFCB90103231B782C152F" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Between ARF and Cerrado (MG)</td>
<td id="B5EFCC31A5DE1F52B118E88DB535C0F4" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">ARF (MG, SP, RJ, PR)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02C08A2A0AA74784889CFA51D578A827" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="A3C55519163511DCAE21541FFC4A83DF" authorityName="Farias &amp; Riina" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton rizzinii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="D0D88E15BAFF47F742D5B3F87158DB06" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Croton rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to
<taxonomicName id="846C4E3A6DE916C5ADEC98E77B7317F0" lsidName="C. vulnerarius" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="vulnerarius">
<emphasis id="D8909657E14450F89E53D9344CED73AC" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. vulnerarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baill. and
<taxonomicName id="826E430DA322CFD3E953B23C9A95B939" lsidName="C. alchorneicarpus" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="alchorneicarpus">
<emphasis id="657E7D63986606ACE1C886FA904E9C2E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. alchorneicarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Croizat, mostly regarding the young pistillate flowers.
<taxonomicName id="90AFFE4ED04E5E9A99487B47EC61A0FF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton vulnerarius" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulnerarius">
<emphasis id="228823C841BB89B06918F7A449358298" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Croton vulnerarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E8056195D85FE9D0DE7D42DFE8E40C52" lsidName="C. rizzinii" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="E3AD768992B8FFCCB7679F77BF50E703" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur sympatrically within PARNASO, but so far, they have not been found in the same locality. These species share an arborescent habit, pubescent leaves, conspicuous stipules, sessile to subsessile campanulate pistillate flowers, valvate to slightly imbricate sepals and styles connate at the base. Nevertheless, they can be distinguished by several characters (see Table
<tableCitation id="3845013526018499AB818664C4712CD7" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Main characters distinguishing Croton rizzinii from its morphologically closest species in the Atlantic Rain Forest (ARF)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F">1</tableCitation>
and identification key). In relation to
<taxonomicName id="8FBEDB808E62BD038DADC9E30F3A7153" lsidName="C. alchorneicarpus" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="alchorneicarpus">
<emphasis id="6E410539BF8951A1531093E7E84C6AAD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">C. alchorneicarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both species present ovate to cordate leaves, trinerved at the base to palminerved venation, conspicuous stipules, sessile to subsessile pistillate flowers with styles connate at the base, rotate staminate flowers and subglobose fruits. However, they too can be separated by several vegetative and reproductive characters (see Table
<tableCitation id="75330BA46BCD9F7A0CB47F04A0992719" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Main characters distinguishing Croton rizzinii from its morphologically closest species in the Atlantic Rain Forest (ARF)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F">1</tableCitation>
and identification key).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16126A64A73CB902C4585AA371F1D9BA" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
<pageBreakToken id="D55F21662E51B3E5332FA57E86D04CA5" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" start="start">Several</pageBreakToken>
collections (Cordeiro 3056, 3057, Riina and Caruzo 1526, 1529) from ARF areas of
<normalizedToken id="30B03A14E031C79C64121C471CD8801D" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states show characteristics intermediate between
<taxonomicName id="13446752248F2D33CCAC44340F2C537D" authorityName="Croizat" authorityYear="1944" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton alchorneicarpus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alchorneicarpus">
<emphasis id="6E8784D3756064CF73C770F0DDE1FDBB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Croton alchorneicarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EDA86584A07912301788C640CBF08995" lsidName="C. rizzinii." pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="rizzinii.">
<emphasis id="39FCF683284CD08585341441284711D2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">C. rizzinii.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
The overall aspect of the plant and the floral morphology are more similar to
<taxonomicName id="42B7CD2C6DD5F5F48C239B82845F5989" lsidName="C. alchorneicarpus" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="alchorneicarpus">
<emphasis id="0FFDC8C9445717DE8EB42C859544B6FA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">C. alchorneicarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the stipules are more similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="6236D2365FE292136EECBD087479F95B" lsidName="C. rizzinii" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="358A8E72D120348A760834DCFF47EB8C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">C. rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(laciniate-glandular). Further studies and additional sampling of
<taxonomicName id="95A26E4C6FA35CB995FFCCCC4B7BDF34" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95861E6E66E11B0803E51F68411329F4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees from the ARF are needed to determine the identity of these specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE4D4E33C5A216010E2ECDB7ADA0B819" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="20B06867EA65E0C6BB6A63884289CD16" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton lagoensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagoensis">
<emphasis id="D1FF38F1D68476528751F20C0CEBF4F3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Croton lagoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="11923C0696422DF71DC03CEE0A8C3563" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
. Arg. is also similar to
<taxonomicName id="05A79CF53E6A5AB0ABD0AB8EF20575D3" lsidName="C. rizzinii" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="1E6DC18A42B08083D209482244C650F0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">C. rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it occurs in deciduous forest and in transitional areas between the Cerrado and the ARF in the state of Minas Gerais (
<bibRefCitation id="90A9C17A98BA852AB475E39B787E064C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1441-8" author="Santos, RF" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" pagination="1467 - 1497" refId="B20" refString="Santos, RF, Riina, R, Caruzo, MBR, 2017. Diversity of arborescent lineages of Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 1467 - 1497, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1441-8" title="Diversity of arborescent lineages of Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1441-8" volume="303" year="2017">Santos et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Both species have ovate to cordate and pubescent leaves, two acropetiolar glands and campanulate pistillate flowers with sepals covering the en
<pageBreakToken id="C00B36C687CE9E6E6DA805E2621D80E5" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" start="start">tire</pageBreakToken>
ovary. However,
<taxonomicName id="E356C2BC4DE514ED01A4E585E12D8D43" lsidName="C. rizzinii" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="4DAC474EEB207EDC8866BE916AC289F4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">C. rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="6483B743329FD3F217F1908FEF17E4DF" lsidName="C. lagoensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="lagoensis">
<emphasis id="C29DD82DE35EA47D3DF5E80FEA368E4D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">C. lagoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly by its arborescent habit and other features listed in Table
<tableCitation id="72129B05C8BFFC90E4826DC87A7CBFBE" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Main characters distinguishing Croton rizzinii from its morphologically closest species in the Atlantic Rain Forest (ARF)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="8599CEE260D873B97813FFDB54182D4F">1</tableCitation>
and in the identification key.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6B02B7C03F1EBF1CC3FF4E9477072E6" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">
The description of
<taxonomicName id="3C6EB918FB0827A50F86FA073040130D" lsidName="C. rizzinii" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="892D670042FA837D70C2DA18281BC80B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">C. rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adds to the number of species with laciniate stipules in
<taxonomicName id="A5F8CA882734C5C2EF677EC42B54DA62" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A71B79E74BC67620998879FEDABBC454" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">Croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in section
<taxonomicName id="B68661464DD10C77DC49A0D2D4175DE6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Cyclostigma">Cyclostigma</taxonomicName>
in particular. Laciniate stipules are found in seven species in
<taxonomicName id="EEA5A99C3E61BC9DEED1B683BBB936FF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Cyclostigma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyclostigma" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37A7AA6214EFAFE986A1BE752EB2BAE8" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">Cyclostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="7FA79E694702687EDA82792E33B2213E" lsidName="C. charaguensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="charaguensis">
<emphasis id="8088DA525F9913F6687E431FA8C8C870" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">C. charaguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Standl.,
<taxonomicName id="24B5C06D48E4869D32E553AFD90836EA" lsidName="C. churutensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="churutensis">
<emphasis id="E4BA43C8CAA7DCF15F424F9B2C2AA011" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">C. churutensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Riina &amp; Cornejo,
<taxonomicName id="24F47A47E620740BB77EE698709B611A" lsidName="C. medusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="medusae">
<emphasis id="8B716017F06BC190B8EF83BD3711E97C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">C. medusae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="55140412BB467A918989A5289074BDD8" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
. Arg.,
<taxonomicName id="9DFEF806E72743299B502846455B1B8F" lsidName="C. perspeciosus" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="perspeciosus">
<emphasis id="767F7BF323E68BD597647C89D738F455" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">C. perspeciosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Croizat,
<taxonomicName id="76E7E08880027A3150E00CDF4C32F70F" lsidName="C. purdiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="purdiei">
<emphasis id="6BF8F0873F9D5E33696909775632E210" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">C. purdiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="71015C0583162CD26BEF342E3BBEE446" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
. Arg.,
<taxonomicName id="BD4B1DD090A20346B78177523306C78C" lsidName="C. rizzinii" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="rizzinii">
<emphasis id="3C7459930AAFE83A13136A329DA03B3B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">C. rizzinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6D4364D19A69D04AAC15D662255ABA8E" lsidName="C. speciosus" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="speciosus">
<emphasis id="524FE0828EE5383BEF27F14E9C5FF1C8" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">C. speciosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="17EFB6831200F8FD9637333DA1DD7FF2" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
. Arg.), but they can be present in other sections of
<taxonomicName id="E73FF7CEDDC65D77A02548B4199CE0E6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Croton</taxonomicName>
(sect.
<taxonomicName id="326C46DBF1409A98CFCD2B54D84A5735" authority="Griseb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Adenophylli">Adenophylli Griseb.</taxonomicName>
, sect.
<taxonomicName id="C77699F003649F1F82CB4E789F5DCAB2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Barhamia">Barhamia</taxonomicName>
(Klotzsch) Baill., sect.
<taxonomicName id="5331870C0C49EFFCC8920A8974958228" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Medea">Medea</taxonomicName>
(Klotzsch) Pax, amongst others) (
<bibRefCitation id="12273A31F5D8DB9CE2E95969BAB93438" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.603013" author="Van Ee, BW" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" pagination="793 - 823" refId="B23" refString="Van Ee, BW, Riina, R, Berry, PE, 2011. A revised infrageneric classification and molecular phylogeny of New World Croton (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 42: 793 - 823, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.603013" title="A revised infrageneric classification and molecular phylogeny of New World Croton (Euphorbiaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.603013" volume="42" year="2011">Van Ee et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). However, given the inconsistencies found in
<taxonomicName id="B79CC1F8A716E3E155C0B63FBD8C8A77" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4777DD5D56C98E8E7927C6C87AB94EC3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="19">Croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxonomic treatments regarding the terms used to describe stipules, we suggest further studies to standardise this terminology across the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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