193 lines
15 KiB
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193 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.316.5400" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3420a51c-c5b1-4dfc-89a0-94d594b87a45" ID-PMC="PMC3713333" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-316-35" ID-PubMed="23878513" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-316-35" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 316" ModsDocTitle="Description of Caurinus tlagu, new species, from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (Mecoptera, Boreidae, Caurininae)" checkinTime="1451247145005" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sikes, Derek S. & Stockbridge, Jill" docDate="2013" docId="B3EE72CDCE7C2C7786F36232F7DFD4CF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 316: 35-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 316" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.316.5400" docTitle="Caurinus tlagu Sikes & Stockbridge, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="067F0823FF8CD741FFFAFFA5FFBAD017" masterDocTitle="Description of Caurinus tlagu, new species, from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (Mecoptera, Boreidae, Caurininae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668156125429" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of Caurinus tlagu, new species, from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (Mecoptera, Boreidae, Caurininae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sikes, Derek S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stockbridge, Jill</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>316</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>53</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.316.5400</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.316.5400</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-316-35</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152046043" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFFF780A-737D-4187-8539-32270D80D4C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3EE72CDCE7C2C7786F36232F7DFD4CF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFFF780A-737D-4187-8539-32270D80D4C5" authority="Sikes & Stockbridge" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu Sikes & Stockbridge</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="42">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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Male (in UAM), here designated, labeled "USA: Alaska, Prince of Wales Is. Hatchery Ck.4, 30 May-14 June 2010,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="55.88433">55.88433°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-132.89734">132.89734°W</geoCoordinate>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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26m, 82m elev., thinned secondary growth with 18 ft. spacing between trees, pitfall 3, J. Stockbridge, C. Bickford", / "HOLOTYPE
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
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Sikes & Stockbridge 2013 UAM:Ento:142986" [red paper]. http://dx.doi.org/10.7299/X7GH9J4M
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">36 Specimens (Table 1). The following 17 paratypes will be deposited in the collections indicated: male UAM:Ento:159146, female UAM:Ento:142985, female UAM:Ento:235025 (CAS); male UAM:Ento:229945, female UAM:Ento:235024, female UAM:Ento:229942 (OSAC); male UAM:Ento:235026, female UAM:Ento:203239, female UAM:Ento:203011 (PMJ); male UAM:Ento:167053, female UAM:Ento:229944, female UAM:Ento:235023 (SEMC); male UAM:Ento:217990, female UAM:Ento:221708, female UAM:Ento:159120 (USNM); male UAM:Ento:229943, female UAM:Ento:230091 (MTEC), and the 19 remaining in UAM.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Type Locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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USA: Alaska, Prince of Wales Is. Hatchery Ck,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="55.88433">55.88433°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-132.89734">132.89734°W</geoCoordinate>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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26m, 82m elev. (Fig. 1, 2A).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="measurements">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Measurements.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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Restricted to specimens with retracted genitalia (3 males, 10 females), length, min. - max., mean
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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SD: male 1.58-2.02, 1.74
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.24 mm, female 1.64 - 2.00, 1.79
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.13 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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Circumference of eye of males comprises 31-35 (n=3) ommatidia (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus dectes" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dectes">Caurinus dectes</taxonomicName>
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males have 38-39, n=3). Scanning electron microscope-level resolution is required to obtain reliable counts (Fig. 4). Female 8th sterna without a median notch (n=10), or with a shallow median notch (n=5) (Fig. 5A, C, 6C, D).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus dectes" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dectes">Caurinus dectes</taxonomicName>
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females have a shallow median notch or a pronounced median notch (Fig. 5B, see also
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<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Russell [1979b]</bibRefCitation>
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fig. 10). This is visible at 40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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and higher magnification.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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Figure 4. Eye of A male
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus dectes" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dectes">Caurinus dectes</taxonomicName>
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(UAM:Ento:230088) showing 38 ommatidia around circumference of right eye, dorsal is to the left, and B male
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
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(UAM:Ento:202344) showing 35 ommatidia around circumference of left eye, dorsal is to the right. Scale bar = 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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Figure 5. A ventral view of female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
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(UAM:Ento:203239) showing 8th sternum with shallow median emargination / notch, scale bar = 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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B ventral view of abdomen of female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus dectes" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dectes">Caurinus dectes</taxonomicName>
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(UAM:Ento:228458) showing 8th sternum with a pronounced notch, scale bar = 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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C ventral view of abdomen of female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
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(UAM:Ento:203011) showing 8th sternum with shallow emargination / notch, scale bar = 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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Figure 6. Female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
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(UAM:Ento:159119) that had been cleared in KOH. A lateral view (broken abdomen), scale bar = 2 mm B face, scale bar = 0.5 mm C dorsal view, scale bar = 2 mm D ventral view, scale bar = 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Body length 1.5-2.3 mm, flea-like in lateral view, color reddish brown, sparsely pubescent, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 6). Rostrum absent or reduced. Clypeolabral suture present. Clypeus divided into post and anteclypeus. Penultimate maxillary palpomere enlarged and club shaped. Antennal insertion lateral, widely separated. Ocelli absent. Antennae with sixteen antennomeres and a single countersunk sensilla on antennomeres 4, 5, and 6 (Fig. 7). Mandible with two subapical teeth (Fig. 6B). Male forewings extend to end of first abdominal segment, with six bristles (Fig. 8A), hindwings absent. Female forewings pad-like, hindwings absent. Tarsi five segmented, tarsal claws present. Pilosity absent. Abdomen widest at segments 4 and 5, segments 2-6 fused, annular. Male 8th tergum and sternum not fused. Male 9th tergum and sternum not fused. Genitalia normally concealed in both sexes. Male gonostyles flattened, deeply incised (Fig. 8B).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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Figure 7. Base of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caurinus</taxonomicName>
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antenna showing sensilla on antenomeres 4, 5, and 6. A female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus dectes" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dectes">Caurinus dectes</taxonomicName>
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(UAM:Ento:230088), B female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
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(UAM:Ento:203237); sen = sensilla, scale bars = 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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Figure 8. SEM images of male
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus tlagu" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlagu">Caurinus tlagu</taxonomicName>
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(UAM:Ento:204239), scale bars = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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A dorsal view showing wings B evertedgenitalia showing paired gonostyles, oblique lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="43" start="start">Variation</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">One male (UAM:Ento:231726) has 7 bristles on its right wing, as a result of a very small extra basal bristle, and six on its left.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Geographic Distribution and Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">This species is only known from the northern half of Prince of Wales Island within a region about 45 km in size (Fig. 1). It was collected in forest habitat of various stages: old growth, secondary growth (thinned and unthinned), and young clear cuts; in addition to two specimens caught in alpine heath habitat and one in an ecotone of clearcut / secondary forest. The species is not restricted to lowland forests, nor to old growth forests.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
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"Tlagu, " pronounced
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“tlu-gu,”">"tlu-gu,"</normalizedToken>
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is derived from the Alaska Native tribal language Tlingit meaning "ancient, forever" (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Crippen 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) or "old, from the past" (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Edwards 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Bierhorst (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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provided this elaboration: "Among the Tlingit, for example, there are two kinds of stories, tlagu (of the long ago) and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ch’kalnik">ch'kalnik</normalizedToken>
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(it really happened)." We name this species in honor of the place it occurs, its people, and history, in addition to the apparent great age of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Caurinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caurinus" order="Mecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caurinus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |