288 lines
35 KiB
XML
288 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="D4BA67F8A49346BAC324D234D7209C2D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645305" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725369451895" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gonzáles, Paúl & Cano, Asunción" docDate="2016" docId="B30F87ADA1737C42C7CBFC310925FA12" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.283.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 283 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Viola enmae P. Gonzales 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="4F36FFD5A1777C47C743FFCF0A0CFFB7" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1725371604802" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BFDDD5C01418A9FE2F2F5D0384E90A82">
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<mods:title id="330D121C8BA7C2C2F957F23466E49EEC">Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="55088E0AF35397943E4F56B03BF6D639" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="14BF38396CF8BF4AE6219600261D8E09">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A3DD7B536B79603504E7B6213788A667">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F039F839E1392DC476BC3CF64F3CB743">Gonzáles, Paúl</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4121D50C0027DBA2B1373EBBB903D090" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8C7253A22ED82D31BE40B847DA7A54D9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E1D31010435E5B465A962D3EEF18CFD7">Cano, Asunción</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B1DBCE122240ACDEA0B306C6D4C8FED">Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Biológicas Antonio Raimondi (ICBAR), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UNMSM. Av. Germán Amézaga s / n. Lima 11, Perú.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F388C3F6AB8F3EAF011024AF50544F5E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F13585DB285BC2184AB22472D4957735">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E5D2CE5C0FCA81C5B50D662D24A45639">
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<mods:date id="8D3EFBE987F7AA0DF6DCB073CFC8406F">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9F845C4F466B29CD84B27151AB162640">2016-11-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="465AAAB43A5B314B2C60858DF1BED639">283</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="435514DE62918206AD3BF39D72F56961" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="DAC85935B21538A6EE0BFB97922A85A9">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BB5BEB17ED28A45F7BCCC24D0CA1E773">83</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="C09A1814511751F7DA147B49FB277435">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="94D16B07B6F06009EAB6AAB4D7822960">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="599DCABFF351026A44AD4D93B5A1AAC6" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C5E89FEDDC414CD70998453DB45FE576" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B30F87ADA1737C42C7CBFC310925FA12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B30F87ADA1737C42C7CBFC310925FA12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B30F87ADA1737C42C7CBFC310925FA12" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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<subSubSection id="73BC6530A1737C43C7CBFC31086DFBAE" box="[136,609,1022,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B1936BBA1737C43C7CBFC31086DFBAE" blockId="4.[136,609,1022,1049]" box="[136,609,1022,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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<heading id="605181D7A1737C43C7CBFC31086DFBAE" box="[136,609,1022,1049]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="FCA64D38A1737C43C7CBFC310BA8FBAE" ID-CoL="5BGPY" authority="P. Gonzales" authorityName="P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,420,1022,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enmae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1737C43C7CBFC310B14FBAE" bold="true" box="[136,280,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Viola enmae</emphasis>
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P. Gonzáles
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="12E157D2A1737C43C6F3FC30080AFBAE" box="[432,518,1023,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1737C43C6F3FC300BF3FBAF" box="[432,511,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="A39D2A3EA1737C43C556FBCF0855FBAE" box="[533,601,1024,1049]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1869,1890]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Viola enmae. A. Habit. B. Leaf (abaxial). C. Leaf (adaxial). D. Expansion of blade, showing crenulate-undulate border and pubescence. E. Lateral view of flower. F. Frontal view of flower. G. Frontal view of flower with lower petal extended and showing part of androecium and gynoecium. H. Lateral view, showing the immature fruit. I. Fruit, showing two valves. J. Frontal view of seeds. K. Lateral view of seeds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645311/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73BC6530A1737C43C7CBFB85089EFB34" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3B1936BBA1737C43C7CBFB85089EFB34" blockId="4.[136,1455,1098,1155]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1737C43C7CBFB850AB6FBE8" bold="true" box="[136,186,1098,1119]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Type</emphasis>
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:—
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<materialsCitation id="8BCE3CE6A1737C43C794FB850883FB34" collectingDate="2015-01-13" collectionCode="P, USM, MOL" country="Peru" elevation="4301" latitude="-13.957325" location="Jarapampa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.65027" municipality="District of Corani" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Puno" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="43B1762BA1737C43C794FB850B16FBE8" box="[215,282,1098,1119]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">PERU</collectingCountry>
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: Dept.
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<collectingRegion id="F962F859A1737C43C61DFB850B9FFBE8" box="[350,403,1098,1119]" country="Peru" name="Puno" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Puno</collectingRegion>
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: Prov. Carabaya,
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<collectingMunicipality id="DB7DACC1A1737C43C57FFB8508E5FBE8" box="[572,745,1098,1119]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">District of Corani</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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,
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,
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<date id="4F18107BA1737C43C3ADFB850F83FBE8" box="[1262,1423,1098,1119]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" value="2015-01-13">
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<collectingDate id="5F5CE993A1737C43C3ADFB850F83FBE8" box="[1262,1423,1098,1119]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" value="2015-01-13">13 January 2015</collectingDate>
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<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1737C43C2D9FB850B1AFB34" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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<collectionCode id="5DB7AE7EA1737C43C2D9FB850FA7FBE8" box="[1434,1451,1098,1119]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
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. Gonzáles
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</emphasis>
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3420 (
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:
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<collectionCode id="5DB7AE7EA1737C43C6F8FBA10BFEFB34" box="[443,498,1134,1155]" country="Malaysia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/11pi-mg53" name="Universiti Sains Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">USM</collectionCode>
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;
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<typeStatus id="E41D8819A1737C43C6BFFBA10849FB34" box="[508,581,1134,1155]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="5DB7AE7EA1737C43C50DFBA10884FB34" box="[590,648,1134,1155]" country="Peru" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15530" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15530" name="Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" type="Herbarium">MOL</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73BC6530A1737C43C7CBFB7B09B2FAEA" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3B1936BBA1737C43C7CBFB7B09B2FAEA" blockId="4.[136,1452,1202,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1737C43C7CBFB7B0B09FB7A" bold="true" box="[136,261,1204,1229]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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||
—
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<taxonomicName id="FCA64D38A1737C43C662FB7D0BA7FB7B" box="[289,427,1202,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enmae">
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<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1737C43C662FB7D0BA7FB7B" box="[289,427,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Viola enmae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resembles to
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<taxonomicName id="FCA64D38A1737C43C507FB7D0E06FB7A" authority="Becker (1926: 226)" authorityName="Becker" authorityPageNumber="226" authorityYear="1926" box="[580,1034,1202,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calchaquiensis">
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<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1737C43C507FB7D0927FB7B" box="[580,811,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Viola calchaquiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5F374B4AA1737C43C471FB7B0E06FB7A" author="Becker, W." box="[818,1034,1204,1229]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" pagination="222 - 227" refId="ref5012" refString="Becker, W. (1926) Beitrage zur Violenflora Argentiniens und Chiles. Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis 23: 222 - 227. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19260231206" type="journal article" year="1926">Becker (1926: 226)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its small, crenulate and spathulate leaves, blade margins thickened and ciliate, undulate crenulations, lacking stipules, upper and lateral petals oblong-obovate and reflexed, style apex truncated with margin trilobed, but it differs in having a narrow leaf blade, blade margins bearing 2(–3) undulate crenulations per side, bracteoles with free part short, petals smaller, lateral petals smooth (non-papillose-bearded), lowermost petals somewhat emarginate.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="73BC6530A1737C42C7FEFAA70AE4FCAA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B1936BBA1737C42C7FEFAA70AB7FDF2" blockId="4.[136,1452,1202,2093]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1453,160,1445]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1737C43C7FEFAA70B5DFA36" bold="true" box="[189,337,1384,1409]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Description:</emphasis>
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—Perennial herbs, falsely acaulescent, with short prostrate and ascending stem with rosette leaves placed only at ends of the branches, stem branches out
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||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C5A4FA43094BFA12" box="[743,839,1420,1445]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 cm</quantity>
|
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below ground and when it emerges becoming cushionforming with up to 25 coherent crowns, up to
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C5D5FA7F08C2FA7E" box="[662,718,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, (3)
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C475FA7F0996FA7E" box="[822,922,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam. Rootstock axial, slender,
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C24BFA7F0F66FA7E" box="[1288,1386,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C7CBFA1B0AEBFA5A" box="[136,231,1492,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
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||
thick below branch; upper, simple rootstock branched below into secondary fleshy roots to
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C242FA1B0F47FA5A" box="[1281,1355,1492,1517]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
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||
, bearing long, white feeder roots. Caudex 3–7(10) cm long, covered by sclerified leaf scars. Rosette densely imbricate-foliate, slightly depressed at the centre. Leaves spatulate, lacking stipules, 5–6(8) mm long including petiole; blade 2–3(4) × 1.5–2(2.2) mm, thick-succulent, green to greyish-green on both surfaces, obovate-cuneate, obtuse; upper surface smooth or inconspicuously reticulate-alveolate, indumentum scattered and evenly invested, hairs minute, white papillose; lower surface glabrous to sub-glabrous; margins bearing 2(–3) undulate crenulations per side, thickened, crenulations sometime brown, spreading ciliate with short, stout, white-hyaline hairs, hairs
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C3CCF9630F1BF972" box="[1167,1303,1708,1733]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
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||
long; petiole 3.5–5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C7AFF91F0B74F95E" box="[236,376,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
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||
, membranous, glabrous on both sides, ciliate along margins, whitish. Flowers solitary, axial, almost entirely dark purple or light purple. Peduncle equaling or slightly longer than leaves, dark purple or whitish, glabrous except for scarce white hairs on the upper surface of apical curve; bracteoles inserted
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||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C395F8D70F53F886" box="[1238,1375,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
above base, attached above to peduncle by membrane, free part 1–1.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C423F8F309E4F8E2" box="[864,1000,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, sub-acute, hyaline, entire, glabrous on both surfaces, ciliate along margins. Flowers 3 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C4ACF8AF0E49F8CE" box="[1007,1093,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Calyx dark purple; sepals with smooth surfaces, borders slightly membranous, 1-nerved, obtuse, inner surface glabrous, ciliate along margins and outer surface, slightly auriculate at base, the auricles rounded,
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C4D1F8670E26F876" box="[914,1066,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.125" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous; upper and lateral sepals sub-equal in size and shape; upper sepal deltoid, 1 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C46AF8030962F852" box="[809,878,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C258F8030F6CF852" box="[1307,1376,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; lower sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C698F83F0813F7BE" box="[475,543,2032,2057]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Corolla glabrous, upper and lateral petals reflexed; upper petals 2–2.3 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1737C43C21BF83F0ABAF79A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, narrowly oblong-obovate, obtuse, outer surface dark purple with fine whitish margins, the inner surface dark purple or light purple; lateral petals 2–2.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C53DFF6F0904FF0E" box="[638,776,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, oblong-obovate, with ca. 3 longitudinal veins, tip rounded, outer surface dark purple with fine whitish margins, inner surface dark purple or light purple; lowermost petal 2–2.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C7DCFF270B1FFEB6" box="[159,275,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, limb oblong-spathulate, somewhat emarginate, outer surface dark purple with fine whitish margin, inner surface white distally with basal ¾ yellow, apex rounded with margins somewhat conduplicate, outer surface glabrous throughout, inner surface papillate basally near throat; spur 1.2–1.3 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C4EDFEFF0E2AFEFE" box="[942,1062,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="1.0">1–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Stamens
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C3D8FEFF0F03FEFE" box="[1179,1295,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; anthers sessile, ca. 0.5–0.6 × ca.
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C6EEFE9B0835FEDA" box="[429,569,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, outer surface glabrous, nectar spur on bottom pair of anthers conical, longslender, 0.3–0.4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C61EFEB70BBBFE26" box="[349,439,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal connective scales broadly oblong to orbicular, apex rounded or truncate, 0.6–0.7 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C7E2FE530B36FE02" box="[161,314,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.425" valueMax="0.45" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
, orange-yellow, glabrous, margins entire. Ovary glabrous. Style
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C35FFE530E83FE02" box="[1052,1167,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="1.0">1–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, geniculate at base, clavate; style apex truncated with margin trilobed, lobes triangular, reflexed, with no lateral appendages, stigmatic orifice apico-ventral in longitudinal furrow. Capsule glabrous, 3-valved, ovoid, 2.5–3 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C326FE2B0EE3FE4A" box="[1125,1263,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, sometimes with 1 valve abortive, 1 seed per valve, seeds ovoid, 1.8–2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C5BEFDC7097EFD96" box="[765,882,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, black, with lateral funiculus persistent for
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C21BFDC70ABBFDF2" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B1936BBA1727C42C7FEFD9F0B27FD06" blockId="5.[136,1453,160,1445]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C7FEFD9F08D1FDDE" bold="true" box="[189,733,592,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Additional specimens examined (
|
||
<typeStatus id="E41D8819A1727C42C501FD9F08BFFDDE" box="[578,691,592,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
):—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43B1762BA1727C42C59EFD9F0919FDDE" box="[733,789,592,617]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Dept.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F962F859A1727C42C422FD9F0991FDDE" box="[865,925,592,617]" country="Peru" name="Puno" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Puno</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Prov. Carabaya, District of Corani, Jarapampa, suelo calcáreo arenoso en medio de césped,
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C5CCFDBB08E5FD3A" box="[655,745,628,653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.412" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="4412.0">4412 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5E92507CA1727C42C5BBFDBB0973FD3A" box="[760,895,628,653]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-13.956944">13°57’25”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5E92507CA1727C42C4CDFDBB0E1CFD3A" box="[910,1040,628,653]" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-70.65">70°39’0”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="4F18107BA1727C42C35DFDBB0EDFFD3A" box="[1054,1235,628,653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2014-03-28">28 March 2014</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C3A1FDBC0FA7FD3B" box="[1250,1451,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">P. Gonzáles 3096</emphasis>
|
||
(USM, MOL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B1936BBA1727C42C7FEFD730AE4FCAA" blockId="5.[136,1453,160,1445]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C7FEFD730B5AFD62" bold="true" box="[189,342,700,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Eponymy:—</emphasis>
|
||
This novelty is named in honor of Dr. Enma Cerrate (Professor at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos), who was responsible for much of the training and supervising of Peruvian botanists in the past few decades.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="73BC6530A1727C42C7FEFCE70F72FC3E" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B1936BBA1727C42C7FEFCE70F72FC3E" blockId="5.[136,1453,160,1445]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C7FEFCE70803FCF6" bold="true" box="[189,527,808,833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43B1762BA1727C42C5E2FCE708DBFCF6" box="[673,727,808,833]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E41D8819A1727C42C4AEFCE70E11FCF6" box="[1005,1053,808,833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in Jarapamapa, Carabaya province on the eastern Andean flanks of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F962F859A1727C42C5C6FC8308B3FCD2" box="[645,703,844,869]" country="Peru" name="Puno" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Puno</collectingRegion>
|
||
department, growing in patches of sandy soil above
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C252FC830FA0FCD2" box="[1297,1452,844,869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="4350.0" valueMax="4400.0" valueMin="4300.0">4300–4400 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation on sparsely vegetated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A39D2A3EA1727C42C6B5FCBF085CFC3E" box="[502,592,880,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,229,2031,2052]" captionTargetBox="[201,1392,266,2001]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[189,1399,190,2007]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. Type locality and habitat of Viola ferreyrae and V.enmae. B. Plant of Viola ferreyrae camouflaged in sandy soil. Photo by P. Gonzáles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645313/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), undulating plains, associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCA64D38A1727C42C4A5FCA10EB2FC3F" box="[998,1214,878,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nototriche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pellicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C4A5FCA10EB2FC3F" box="[998,1214,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Nototriche pellicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCA64D38A1727C42C3B7FCA00F7BFC3F" authorityName="P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2016" box="[1268,1399,878,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferreyrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C3B7FCA00F7BFC3F" box="[1268,1399,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">V. ferreyrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="73BC6530A1727C42C7FEFC5B0925FA12" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B1936BBA1727C42C7FEFC5B0E34FC1A" blockId="5.[136,1453,160,1445]" box="[189,1080,916,941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C7FEFC5B0B4DFC1A" bold="true" box="[189,321,916,941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Ecology:—</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering between January–March; fruiting period February-April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B1936BBA1727C42C7FEFC7709EBFB8A" blockId="5.[136,1453,160,1445]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C7FEFC77081BFC66" bold="true" box="[189,535,952,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">IUCN Red List Category:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCA64D38A1727C42C554FC7908A9FC67" box="[535,677,950,976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enmae">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C554FC7908A9FC67" box="[535,677,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Viola enmae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E41D8819A1727C42C48EFC7709F1FC66" box="[973,1021,952,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
|
||
collection and is therefore given the assessment of Data Deficient (DD) according to the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F374B4AA1727C42C584FC130950FC42" author="UICN" box="[711,860,988,1013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refId="ref5377" refString="UICN (2001) Categorias y Criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN: Version 3.1. Comision de Supervivencia de Especies de la UICN. Gland y Cambridge." type="book" year="2001">UICN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criteria. However, we believe it should be considered critically endangered (CR), as it is known only from a single locality (Criterion B1a) with a continuing decline of its quality of habitat inferred for the present mining exploration (Criterion B2c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B1936BBA1727C42C7FEFB870925FA12" blockId="5.[136,1453,160,1445]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C7FEFB870BD8FBD6" bold="true" box="[189,468,1096,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Taxonomic affinities:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCA64D38A1727C42C697FB890852FBD7" box="[468,606,1094,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enmae">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C697FB890852FBD7" box="[468,606,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Viola enmae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCA64D38A1727C42C5B4FB8809B4FBD7" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1926" box="[759,952,1094,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calchaquiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C5B4FB8809B4FBD7" box="[759,952,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">V. calchaquiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its small, crenulate and spathulate leaves, blade margins thickened and ciliate, undulate crenulations, lacking stipules, upper and lateral petals oblong-obovate and reflexed, style apex truncated with margin trilobed, but it differs in having a narrow blade (
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C3EEFB5F0F3BFB1E" box="[1197,1335,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) vs. wider (
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C7D2FB7B0ADBFB7A" box="[145,215,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
), margins bearing 2(–3) undulate crenulations per side vs. 3–4, bracteoles with free part short (
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C24BFB7B0F70FB7A" box="[1288,1404,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) vs. long (
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C788FB170B1EFB46" box="[203,274,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), petals smaller (
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C690FB170845FB46" box="[467,585,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.0">2–2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) vs. larger (
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C597FB170917FB46" box="[724,795,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), lateral petals smooth vs. papillose-bearded, lower petals somewhat emarginate vs. deeply emarginate. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCA64D38A1727C42C473FB3509B1FAA3" box="[816,957,1274,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enmae">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C473FB3509B1FAA3" box="[816,957,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Viola enmae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCA64D38A1727C42C24BFB350B7CFA8E" authority="Leybold (1959: 681)" authorityName="Leybold" authorityPageNumber="681" authorityYear="1959" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippii">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D2EAA9A1727C42C24BFB350FA7FAA3" box="[1288,1451,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Viola philippii</emphasis>
|
||
Leybold (1959: 681)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and resembles this species by its very small and spathulate pubescent leaves with long hairs, but differs in having shorter flowers (
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C6BEFA8B0833FAEA" box="[509,575,1348,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) vs. longer (
|
||
<quantity id="FC5E9B5EA1727C42C58AFA8B0927FAEA" box="[713,811,1348,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), leaf blade surface smooth or inconspicuously reticulate-alveolate vs. conspicuously reticulate-alveolate, blade margins bearing 2(–3) undulate crenulations per side vs. 3–5 flat crenulations and stipules lacking vs. stipules inconspicuous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |