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<mods:title id="7E5FC903794C4A41CDC29FAF1776D562">Cephalosphaera Enderlein and Neocephalosphaera De Meyer (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of nine new species and an updated key to their Neotropical species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8209B336D3836263855A94CC36A9F25B">Rafael, José Albertino</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="0EB8F486FF80FFDFFF1295804C71B2DB" ID-CoL="3KHH" ID-ENA="1692503" authority="Enderlein, 1936" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,553,223,250]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Cephalosphaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF1295804C71B2DB" bold="true" box="[151,553,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF1295804F04B2D8" bold="true" box="[151,348,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Cephalosphaera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFEE195804C71B2DB" author="Enderlein, G." box="[356,553,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref26703" refString="Enderlein, G. (1936) Ordnung Zweiflugler, Diptera. In: Brohmer, P., Ehrmann, P. &amp; Ulmer, G. (Eds.), Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas 6. Insekten, Leipzig, pp. 3 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1936">Enderlein, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="0EB8F486FF80FFDFFF12947B4F51B31E" ID-CoL="6QSR" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,265,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF12947B4F51B31E" box="[151,265,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Pipunculus</emphasis>
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(group I);
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFEFD947B4C7EB31E" author="Becker, T." box="[376,550,292,316]" page="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1897">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFEFD947B4C7EB31E" author="Becker, T." box="[376,550,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="25 - 100" refId="ref26333" refString="Becker, T. (1897) Dipterologische Studien V. Pipunculidae. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 42, 25 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18970420108" type="journal article" year="1897">Becker, 1897: 35</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 36 (partim); 1900: 216 (partim); 1921: 123 (partim);
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFBCF947B4B5AB31E" author="Verrall, G. H." box="[1098,1282,292,316]" page="296" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFBCF947B4B5AB31E" author="Verrall, G. H." box="[1098,1282,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" refId="ref28175" refString="Verrall, G. H. (1901) British flies. Vol. 8. Platypezidae, Pipunculidae and Syrphidae of Great Britain. Gurney and Jackson, London, 818 pp." type="book" year="1901">Verrall, 1901: 296</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(partim).
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<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF12941C4F51B379" box="[151,265,323,347]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Pipunculus</emphasis>
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(group II);
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFE05941C4C1BB379" author="Cresson, E. T. Jr." box="[384,579,323,347]" page="296" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFE05941C4C1BB379" author="Cresson, E. T. Jr." box="[384,579,323,347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="291 - 329" refId="ref26464" refString="Cresson, E. T. Jr. (1911) Studies in North America dipterology: Pipunculidae. Transaction of the American Entomological Society, 36, 291 - 329." type="journal article" year="1911">Cresson, 1911: 296</bibRefCitation>
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(partim)
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<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFF12943E4C7AB358" author="Enderlein, G." box="[151,546,353,378]" page="129" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1936">
<taxonomicName id="0EB8F486FF80FFDFFF12943E4C7AB358" ID-CoL="3KHH" authority="Enderlein, 1936: 129" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityPageNumber="129" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,546,353,378]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Cephalosphaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF12943E4F66B35B" box="[151,318,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Cephalosphaera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFEC2943E4C7AB358" author="Enderlein, G." box="[327,546,353,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref26703" refString="Enderlein, G. (1936) Ordnung Zweiflugler, Diptera. In: Brohmer, P., Ehrmann, P. &amp; Ulmer, G. (Eds.), Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas 6. Insekten, Leipzig, pp. 3 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1936">Enderlein, 1936: 129</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="160331A7FF80FFDFFDA9943D4C06B358" box="[556,606,354,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="0EB8F486FF80FFDFFD3D943E4A50B35B" authority="Egger, 1860" authorityName="Egger" authorityYear="1860" box="[696,1032,353,378]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFD3D943E4DDBB35B" box="[696,899,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Pipunculus furcatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFC0E943D4A50B35B" author="Egger, J." box="[907,1032,353,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="339 - 358" refId="ref26680" refString="Egger, J. (1860) Dipterologische Beitrage. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 10, 339 - 358." type="journal article" year="1860">Egger, 1860</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(not monotype, see
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFB59943D4BC9B358" author="ICZN" box="[1244,1425,353,378]" page="230" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFB59943D4BC9B358" author="ICZN" box="[1244,1425,353,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="230 - 235" refId="ref27131" refString="ICZN (1961) Opinion 597. Prothecus Rondani, 1856 and Alloneura Rondani, 1856 (Insecta, Diptera); suppressed under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 18, 230 - 235." type="journal article" year="1961">ICZN, 1961: 230</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
);
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFF4294DF4F36B3BA" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[199,366,384,408]" page="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1943">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFF4294DF4F36B3BA" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[199,366,384,408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="3 - 23" refId="ref26775" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1943) A revision of Nearctic Dorilaidae (Pipunculidae). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 29, 3 - 23." type="journal article" year="1943">Hardy, 1943: 40</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(partim);
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFE5394DF4C25B3BA" author="Aczel, M." box="[470,637,384,408]" page="73" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1948">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFE5394DF4C25B3BA" author="Aczel, M." box="[470,637,384,408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="5 - 168" refId="ref26269" refString="Aczel, M. (1948) Grundlagen einer Monographie der Dorilaiden. (Diptera). Dorilaiden Studien VI. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 6, 5 - 168." type="journal article" year="1948">Aczél, 1948: 73</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFD0F94DF4CBFB3BA" author="Aczel, M." box="[650,743,384,408]" page="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFD0F94DF4CBFB3BA" author="Aczel, M." box="[650,743,384,408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="237 - 251" refId="ref26300" refString="Aczel, M. (1952) Catalogo de la familia Dorilaidae (Pipunculidae) de la region Neotropical. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 15, 237 - 251." type="journal article" year="1952">1952: 24</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Rafael, 1992; 634, figs 42.142.72;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFBED94DE4B76B3BA" author="De Meyer, M." box="[1128,1326,384,409]" page="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFBED94DE4B76B3BA" author="De Meyer, M." box="[1128,1326,384,409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="7 - 18" refId="ref26569" refString="De Meyer, M. (1994) Phylogenetic relationship within the Cephalopsini (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge dEntomologie, 130, 7 - 18." type="journal article" year="1994">De Meyer, 1994: 8</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFABF94DF4BC0B3BA" author="De Meyer, M." box="[1338,1432,384,408]" page="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFABF94DF4BC0B3BA" author="De Meyer, M." box="[1338,1432,384,408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref26604" refString="De Meyer, M. (1996) World catalogue of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Documents de travail de l´Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 86, 1 - 127." type="journal article" year="1996">1996: 38</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFF4294C04C4EB395" author="Skevington, J. H. &amp; Yeates, D. K." box="[199,534,415,439]" page="440" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFF4294C04C4EB395" author="Skevington, J. H. &amp; Yeates, D. K." box="[199,534,415,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="421 - 452" refId="ref28070" refString="Skevington, J. H. &amp; Yeates, D. K. (2001) Phylogenetic classification of Eudorylini (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Systematic Entomology, 26, 421 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 0307 - 6970.2001.00160. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Skevington &amp; Yeates, 2001: 440</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFDA494C04D37B395" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Skevington, J." box="[545,879,415,439]" page="797" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFDA494C04D37B395" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Skevington, J." box="[545,879,415,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="793 - 803" refId="ref27790" refString="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Skevington, J. (2010) Pipunculidae. In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M. Woodley, N. E. &amp; Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera, 2010, pp. 793 - 803." type="journal article" year="2010">Rafael &amp; Skevington, 2010: 797</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 3, 2223;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFB8A94C04B0BB395" author="Souza, B. B. &amp; Ale-Rocha, R." box="[1039,1363,415,439]" page="988" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFB8A94C04B0BB395" author="Souza, B. B. &amp; Ale-Rocha, R." box="[1039,1363,415,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="987 - 996" refId="ref28121" refString="Souza, B. B. &amp; Ale-Rocha, R. (2009) Descricao de uma especie nova de Cephalosphaera Enderlein, 1936 da Amazonia (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Acta Amazonica, 39, 987 - 996. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0044 - 59672009000400028" type="journal article" year="2009">Souza &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2009: 988</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFADB94C04FE9B3F4" author="Motamedinia, B. &amp; Skevington, J. H. &amp; Kelso, S. &amp; Kelmahier, C." page="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="2021">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFADB94C04FE9B3F4" author="Motamedinia, B. &amp; Skevington, J. H. &amp; Kelso, S. &amp; Kelmahier, C." pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="1200 - 1218" refId="ref27352" refString="Motamedinia, B., Skevington, J. H., Kelso, S. &amp; Kelmahier, C. (2021) The first comprensive, multigene molecular phylogeny for big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 195 (4), 1200 - 1218. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 094" type="journal article" year="2021">
Motamedinia
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFE9A94E14F14B3F7" box="[287,332,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">et al</emphasis>
. 2021: 14
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</treatmentCitation>
(phylogeny).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9078F05FF80FFDFFF1294834BD7B3D6" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,623]" box="[151,1423,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFF1294834F91B3D6" author="Duda, O." box="[151,457,476,500]" page="216" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1940">
<taxonomicName id="0EB8F486FF80FFDFFF1294834F91B3D6" authority="Duda, 1940: 216" authorityName="Duda" authorityPageNumber="216" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,457,476,500]" class="Insecta" genus="Strandimyza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF1294834F4EB3D6" box="[151,278,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Strandimyza</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFE9994834F91B3D6" author="Duda, O." box="[284,457,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="214 - 226" refId="ref26638" refString="Duda, O. (1940) Neuer oden ungengend bekannte Zweiflugler der palaarktischen Region aus meiner Sammlung. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica, 10, 214 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 194219420102" type="journal article" year="1940">Duda, 1940: 216</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<typeStatus id="160331A7FF80FFDFFE5794824C5CB3D7" box="[466,516,477,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="0EB8F486FF80FFDFFDE494834DF5B3D6" authority="Egger, 1860" authorityName="Egger" authorityYear="1860" box="[609,941,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFDE494834D73B3D6" box="[609,811,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Pipunculus furcatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFCB794824DF5B3D6" author="Egger, J." box="[818,941,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="339 - 358" refId="ref26680" refString="Egger, J. (1860) Dipterologische Beitrage. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 10, 339 - 358." type="journal article" year="1860">Egger, 1860</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(monotypy). Synonymized by
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFB6294834BD3B3D6" author="Aczel, M." box="[1255,1419,476,500]" page="73" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1948">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFB6294834BD3B3D6" author="Aczel, M." box="[1255,1419,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="5 - 168" refId="ref26269" refString="Aczel, M. (1948) Grundlagen einer Monographie der Dorilaiden. (Diptera). Dorilaiden Studien VI. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 6, 5 - 168." type="journal article" year="1948">Aczél, 1948: 73</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9078F05FF80FFDFFF1294A44D6FB010" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9A8A82BFF80FFDFFF1294A44FBBB031" box="[151,483,507,531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFF1294A44F87B031" author="Aczel, M." box="[151,479,507,531]" page="151" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1940">
<taxonomicName id="0EB8F486FF80FFDFFF1294A44F87B031" authority="Aczel, 1940: 151" authorityName="Aczel" authorityPageNumber="151" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,479,507,531]" class="Insecta" genus="Anacephalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF1294A44F7FB031" box="[151,295,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Anacephalops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFEA994A44F87B031" author="Aczel, M." box="[300,479,507,531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="149 - 169" refId="ref26239" refString="Aczel, M. (1940) Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Dorylaiden (Dipt.). Dorylaiden-Studen V. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 132, 149 - 169." type="journal article" year="1940">Aczél, 1940: 151</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<typeStatus id="160331A7FF80FFDFFE6C94A44C43B031" box="[489,539,507,531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="0EB8F486FF80FFDFFDFF94A44DAAB031" ID-CoL="8DD4T" authority="Walker, 1860" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1860" box="[634,1010,507,531]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amboinalis">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFDFF94A44D3CB031" box="[634,868,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Pipunculus amboinalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFCEF94A44DAAB031" author="Walker, F." box="[874,1010,507,531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="144 - 168" refId="ref28209" refString="Walker, F. (1860) Catalogue of the Dipterous collected in Amboyna by Mr. A. R. Wallace with description of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 1860, 144 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1860. tb 01023. x" type="journal article" year="1860">Walker, 1860</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(original designation);
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFB6694A44BC0B031" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[1251,1432,507,531]" page="128" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1943">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFB6694A44BC0B031" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[1251,1432,507,531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="3 - 23" refId="ref26775" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1943) A revision of Nearctic Dorilaidae (Pipunculidae). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 29, 3 - 23." type="journal article" year="1943">Hardy, 1943: 128</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFF4297464F33B010" author="Aczel, M." box="[199,363,537,562]" page="78" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1948">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFF4297464F33B010" author="Aczel, M." box="[199,363,537,562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="5 - 168" refId="ref26269" refString="Aczel, M. (1948) Grundlagen einer Monographie der Dorilaiden. (Diptera). Dorilaiden Studien VI. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 6, 5 - 168." type="journal article" year="1948">Aczél, 1948: 78</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFEF397464F87B010" author="Aczel, M." box="[374,479,537,562]" page="239" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFEF397464F87B010" author="Aczel, M." box="[374,479,537,562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="237 - 251" refId="ref26300" refString="Aczel, M. (1952) Catalogo de la familia Dorilaidae (Pipunculidae) de la region Neotropical. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 15, 237 - 251." type="journal article" year="1952">1952: 239</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Synonymized by
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFD1F97464D6BB010" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[666,819,537,562]" page="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFD1F97464D6BB010" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[666,819,537,562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref26980" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1966) Family Pipunculidae (Diptera). In: A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Museu de Zoologia Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1966">Hardy, 1966: 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9078F05FF80FFDFFF1297674C02B072" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,623]" box="[151,602,568,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9A8A82BFF80FFDFFF1297674C02B072" box="[151,602,568,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<taxonomicName id="0EB8F486FF80FFDFFF1297674FFDB072" box="[151,421,568,592]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Dorilas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cephalosphaera">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF1297674EBCB072" box="[151,228,568,592]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Dorilas</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF7697674FC2B072" box="[243,410,568,592]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Cephalosphaera</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFE3497674C0EB072" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[433,598,568,592]" page="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFE3497674C0EB072" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[433,598,568,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref26834" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1950) s. n. Dorilaidae (Pipunculidae) Exploration du Parc National Albert, Miss. G. F. de Witte (1933 - 1935), 1950, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1950">Hardy, 1950: 11</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9078F05FF80FFDFFF1297084B7CB04D" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,623]" box="[151,1316,599,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9A8A82BFF80FFDFFF1297084B7CB04D" box="[151,1316,599,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<taxonomicName id="0EB8F486FF80FFDFFF1297084F91B04D" box="[151,457,599,623]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Pipunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cephalosphaera">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF1297084F51B04D" box="[151,265,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Pipunculus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFE9D97084FE7B04D" box="[280,447,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Cephalosphaera</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFE5097084CCCB04D" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[469,660,599,623]" page="201" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFE5097084CCCB04D" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[469,660,599,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="187 - 241" refId="ref26877" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1965 a) The Pipunculidae of Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 19, 187 - 241." type="journal article" year="1965">Hardy, 1965a: 201</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFD1B97084D5FB04D" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[670,775,599,623]" page="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFD1B97084D5FB04D" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[670,775,599,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref26902" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1965 b) Neotropical Pipunculidae (Diptera) Studies, Part IV. Further studies of Brazilian species. Arquivos de Zoologia, 14, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1965">1965b: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4819A914FF80FFDFFC9797084DDBB04D" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[786,899,599,623]" page="554" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFC9797084DDBB04D" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[786,899,599,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" refId="ref26938" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1965 c) A Catalogue of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Agriculture Handbook No. 276. United State Department Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 1696 pp." type="book" year="1965">1965c: 554</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(partim); 1966: 2; 1975; 297; 1980: 484.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81A2DC8EFF80FFDFFF1297C24AC5B1AD" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C9078F05FF80FFDFFF1297C24AC5B1AD" blockId="2.[151,1437,669,911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="FBCC5317FF80FFDFFF1297C24F52B095" bold="true" box="[151,266,669,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="AD29F2F4FF80FFDFFE3997C24C2BB095" author="De Meyer, M." box="[444,627,669,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="7 - 18" refId="ref26569" refString="De Meyer, M. (1994) Phylogenetic relationship within the Cephalopsini (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge dEntomologie, 130, 7 - 18." type="journal article" year="1994">De Meyer 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Small to medium size (
<quantity id="0E4022E0FF80FFDFFC1797C24A54B095" box="[914,1036,669,695]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="5.15" valueMax="6.3" valueMin="4.0">46.3 mm</quantity>
). Eyes holoptic in males, dichoptic in females; ocellar bristles absent. Postpedicel with acuminate to filiform apex. Scutum with inconspicuous dorsocentral bristles (acrostichal absent). Proepisternum with fan-like setae tuft. Hind tibia with a comb of longer setae apically. All femora with ventral ctenidia. All femora with ventral ctenidia. Wing with vein M
<subScript id="553C8D40FF80FFDFFB4B96444A8EB10B" attach="left" box="[1230,1238,795,809]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">2</subScript>
and pterostigma. Abdomen with inconspicuous pilosity; tergite 1 with fan-like lateral bristles (rarely absent). Mid tibia with a tuft of longer setae apically. Syntergosternite 8 with the membranous area not reaching the epandrium or tergite 5 and often strongly reduced in size. Most species, but not all, with phallus with ejaculatory ducts short.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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