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<document id="37E316F7DC68D0DB0C4E9D6ECE2E39E9" ID-CLB-Dataset="133166" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5178.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="938c032d-4eeb-4589-8903-7ada1a776bbf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7033966" ID-ZooBank="922527AF-2DC1-49DF-9D09-9EA6E3F52ACB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1661843593664" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Delvare, Gérard &amp; Shaw, Mark R." docDate="2022" docId="21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5178.5.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5178 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Brachymeria tibialis" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="421" masterDocId="DD2E1049FFA1FFF7FFFAFFC5FFB6FF98" masterDocTitle="Characterisation of some species groups of Brachymeria (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), with a review of the B. tibialis-group and description of a new species parasitizing Zygaena pupae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="432" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="413" updateTime="1699374462544" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="CF76F299FFAB72F3CA33CD31F5B3E243">Characterisation of some species groups of Brachymeria (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), with a review of the B. tibialis-group and description of a new species parasitizing Zygaena pupae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="297D0DC9CE7AECB67D558B7CE9B7E755" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B9374C4D49F3F0AB0598EFBA24D75315">
<mods:roleTerm id="447794F535144AB55F517AFF3173130C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="726EF42D134AC77BBDA8942FC375F526">Delvare, Gérard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BCF910B26F5C90025C5846E18CB416C5">Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP) CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3A0473DA51E90DE0D1DB79B4C776074F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1A3226893B954F93115ED4D4BA39267B">
<mods:roleTerm id="60666D2DA733700D16202EB9EC42C5F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="83D29E5C907B377704205A3C7E923CFF">Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="64A828EFBC2206B064369E9521476C63">Honorary Research Associate, National Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="399FDFAE866A222D0405F6F569872797">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5CB189BA24D770F8D2EDC42B0000F5D1">
<mods:title id="E439215BE093E4FC6679E23875F3E1EB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BB518361ACFCD419D6DD844073754287">
<mods:date id="633461825A667162049393908162C4B2">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="90761FE93AD7E608D59560CC4FDC0B1C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="12AA2BD4F0B25B6247BBE21A3ABB225B">2022-08-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="67F23593D5623E9DFB0363AEC92409E7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BAFF37482F61F80B18538FC442C00061">5178</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="983643034718E32CABA598329129C8DB" type="issue">
<mods:number id="BD0B0C0D0A880FE7C2BC991308A34E4C">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8C3A918F362A63DFB966EAC70DA3CC03">401</mods:start>
<mods:end id="0C40FA01403FDC572487D1DD91FE1E31">432</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="30D06BD53CC483A13D4608128FAE64CB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FD240F117259096E3024942A953274FC" type="CLB-Dataset">133166</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2351A52B8D9B3A6E4DB0EE67640C9407" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5178.5.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3C1CF58D0BCD6E5815A02D3AF37A0B71" type="GBIF-Dataset">938c032d-4eeb-4589-8903-7ada1a776bbf</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="120D612BFBCD17638091C3D70B07A89D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="13051C2B8F6098EF4DB3E96E3E0ABE18" type="Zenodo-Dep">7033966</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7039811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199898982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7039811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<subSubSection id="E1A48AACFFADFFFBFF6DF975FDFAF952" box="[151,588,1712,1739]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFADFFFBFF6DF975FDFAF952" blockId="12.[151,588,1712,1739]" box="[151,588,1712,1739]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<heading id="F2496E4BFFADFFFBFF6DF975FDFAF952" bold="true" box="[151,588,1712,1739]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFADFFFBFF6DF975FDFAF952" ID-CoL="MXML" authority="(Walker, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[151,588,1712,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFF6DF975FDFAF952" bold="true" box="[151,588,1712,1739]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFF6DF975FE39F953" bold="true" box="[151,399,1712,1739]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Brachymeria tibialis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFE67F975FDF2F952" author="Walker, F." box="[413,580,1712,1738]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="13 - 39" refId="ref24408" refString="Walker, F. (1834) Monographia Chalciditum. (Continued.). Entomological Magazine, 2 (1), 13 - 39." type="journal article" year="1834">Walker, 1834</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1A48AACFFADFFFAFF6DF930FE34FE5B" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFADFFFBFF6DF930FD73F8B3" blockId="12.[151,1437,1781,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="89AEFE09FFADFFFBFF6DF930FD73F8B3" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFF6DF930FE51F895" author="Walker, F." box="[151,487,1781,1805]" page="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1834">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFADFFFBFF6DF930FE51F895" ID-CoL="TG6Z" authority="Walker, 1834: 29" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,487,1781,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFF6DF930FE87F895" box="[151,305,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Chalcis tibialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFECDF930FE51F895" author="Walker, F." box="[311,487,1781,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="13 - 39" refId="ref24408" refString="Walker, F. (1834) Monographia Chalciditum. (Continued.). Entomological Magazine, 2 (1), 13 - 39." type="journal article" year="1834">Walker, 1834: 29</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Original description.
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFADFFFBFD33F930FCA7F894" box="[713,785,1781,1804]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">France</collectingCountry>
. Synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFADFFFBFC3BF930FBFBF895" ID-CoL="TG24" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[961,1101,1781,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFC3BF930FBFBF895" box="[961,1101,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">C. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFB88F930FA89F895" author="Ruschka, F." box="[1138,1343,1781,1805]" page="225" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFB88F930FA89F895" author="Ruschka, F." box="[1138,1343,1781,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref23036" refString="Ruschka, F. (1922) Chalcididen studien. III. Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Chalcis Fabr. Konowia, 1, 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="1922">Ruschka, 1922: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFAB2F930FE95F8B4" author="Boucek, Z." page="92" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFAB2F930FE95F8B4" author="Boucek, Z." pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček, 1992: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, senior synonymy,
<typeStatus id="76056785FFADFFFBFE1CF8D6FDF5F8B3" box="[486,579,1811,1835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFADFFFBFF6DF8F6FDD1F8F1" blockId="12.[151,1437,1781,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="89AEFE09FFADFFFBFF6DF8F6FDD1F8F1" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
=
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFF56F8F7FD8DF8D2" author="Walker, F." box="[172,571,1842,1866]" page="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1834">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFADFFFBFF56F8F7FD8DF8D2" ID-CoL="TFYQ" authority="Walker, 1834: 29" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1834" box="[172,571,1842,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFF56F8F7FE35F8D2" box="[172,387,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Chalcis distinguenda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFE70F8F7FD8DF8D2" author="Walker, F." box="[394,571,1842,1866]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="13 - 39" refId="ref24408" refString="Walker, F. (1834) Monographia Chalciditum. (Continued.). Entomological Magazine, 2 (1), 13 - 39." type="journal article" year="1834">Walker, 1834: 29</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Original description.
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFADFFFBFCE4F8F6FCD0F8D2" box="[798,870,1843,1866]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">France</collectingCountry>
. Synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFADFFFBFBE2F8F6FB12F8D2" ID-CoL="TG24" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[1048,1188,1842,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFBE2F8F6FB12F8D2" box="[1048,1188,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">C. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFB31F8F7FA2FF8D2" author="Ruschka, F." box="[1227,1433,1842,1866]" page="225" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFB31F8F7FA2FF8D2" author="Ruschka, F." box="[1227,1433,1842,1866]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref23036" refString="Ruschka, F. (1922) Chalcididen studien. III. Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Chalcis Fabr. Konowia, 1, 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="1922">Ruschka, 1922: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFF3DF894FECBF8F1" author="Boucek, Z." box="[199,381,1873,1897]" page="92" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFF3DF894FECBF8F1" author="Boucek, Z." box="[199,381,1873,1897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček, 1992: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, synonymy confirmed.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFADFFFBFF6DF8B5FCC7F83E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1781,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="89AEFE09FFADFFFBFF6DF8B5FCC7F83E" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
=
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFF54F8AAFD94F810" author="Walker, F." box="[174,546,1903,1928]" page="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1834">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFADFFFBFF54F8AAFD94F810" ID-CoL="TFXX" authority="Walker, 1834: 30" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1834" box="[174,546,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulata">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFF54F8AAFED3F81F" box="[174,357,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Chalcis cingulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFE97F8AAFD94F810" author="Walker, F." box="[365,546,1903,1928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="13 - 39" refId="ref24408" refString="Walker, F. (1834) Monographia Chalciditum. (Continued.). Entomological Magazine, 2 (1), 13 - 39." type="journal article" year="1834">Walker, 1834: 30</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Original description.
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFADFFFBFCF6F8B5FCE2F81F" box="[780,852,1904,1927]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">France</collectingCountry>
. Synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFADFFFBFBF7F8B5FB2AF81F" ID-CoL="TG24" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[1037,1180,1903,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFBF7F8B5FB2AF81F" box="[1037,1180,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">C. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFB3DF8AAFA2FF81F" author="Ruschka, F." box="[1223,1433,1903,1928]" page="225" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFB3DF8AAFA2FF81F" author="Ruschka, F." box="[1223,1433,1903,1928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref23036" refString="Ruschka, F. (1922) Chalcididen studien. III. Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Chalcis Fabr. Konowia, 1, 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="1922">Ruschka, 1922: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFF3DF84BFE15F83E" author="Boucek, Z." box="[199,419,1934,1958]" page="92" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFF3DF84BFE15F83E" author="Boucek, Z." box="[199,419,1934,1958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček, 1992: 92‒93</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, synonymy confirmed,
<typeStatus id="76056785FFADFFFBFD68F84BFD59F83E" box="[658,751,1934,1958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFADFFFBFF6DF86BFCCDF87B" blockId="12.[151,1437,1781,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="89AEFE09FFADFFFBFF6DF86BFCCDF87B" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFF6DF86BFF1EF85D" box="[151,168,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFADFFFBFF4EF868FD99F85D" ID-CoL="TG24" authority="Nees, 1834: 29" authorityName="Nees" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1834" box="[180,559,1965,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFF4EF868FECAF85D" box="[180,380,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Chalcis intermedia</emphasis>
Nees, 1834: 29
</taxonomicName>
. Original description.
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFADFFFBFCD8F868FC34F85D" box="[802,898,1965,1989]" name="Germany" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Germany</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFADFFFBFC6BF868FB54F85D" ID-CoL="68PT2" authority="(Nees)" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[913,1250,1965,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFC6BF868FB39F85D" box="[913,1167,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Brachymeria intermedia</emphasis>
(Nees)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFB08F868FA2FF85D" author="Masi, L." box="[1266,1433,1965,1989]" page="78" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1916">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFB08F868FA2FF85D" author="Masi, L." box="[1266,1433,1965,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="54 - 122" refId="ref21791" refString="Masi, L. (1916) Materiali per una fauna dell'Arcipelago Toscana. XI. Calcididi del Giglio. Prima serie: Toryminae, Leucospidinae, Chalcidinae, Eurytominae partim. (Tav. XII). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 47, 54 - 122." type="journal article" year="1916">Masi, 1916: 78</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFADFFFBFE95F809FD87F87B" ID-CoL="TG6Z" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" box="[367,561,1995,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFADFFFBFE95F809FE67F87B" box="[367,465,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">B. tibialis</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
by
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFADFFFBFDADF80EFCBBF87C" author="Boucek, Z." box="[599,781,1995,2020]" page="93" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFADFFFBFDADF80EFCBBF87C" author="Boucek, Z." box="[599,781,1995,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček, 1992: 93</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="76056785FFADFFFBFCEDF809FCFFF87C" box="[791,841,1996,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Type</typeStatus>
lost.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFACFFFAFF6DFF52FCBAFF55" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="89AEFE09FFACFFFAFF6DFF52FCBAFF55" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
=
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFF56FF52FCAAFF36" author="Rosenhauer, W. G." box="[172,796,150,175]" page="175" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1856">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFF56FF52FCAAFF36" ID-CoL="TG5T" authority="Rosenhauer, 1856: 175" authorityName="Rosenhauer" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1856" box="[172,796,150,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="intermedia" variety="rufofemorata">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFF56FF52FED9FF37" box="[172,367,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Chalcis intermedia</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFE58FF52FD9EFF37" box="[418,552,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">rufofemorata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFDD5FF52FCAAFF36" author="Rosenhauer, W. G." box="[559,796,150,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 375" refId="ref22921" refString="Rosenhauer, W. G. (1856) Das Thiere Andalusiens nach den Resultaten einer Reise zusammengestellt, nebst den Beschreibungen von 249 neuen oder bis jetzt noch unbeschriebenen Gattungen und Arten. Blaesing, Erlangen, pp. 1 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66016" type="book chapter" year="1856">Rosenhauer, 1856: 175</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Original description.
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFACFFFAFBFAFF52FB8BFF37" box="[1024,1085,151,175]" name="Spain" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Spain</collectingCountry>
. Synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFB0AFF52FACAFF37" ID-CoL="TG24" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[1264,1404,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFB0AFF52FACAFF37" box="[1264,1404,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">C. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFF3DFF70FED5FF55" author="Masi, L." box="[199,355,181,205]" page="45" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFF3DFF70FED5FF55" author="Masi, L." box="[199,355,181,205]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="27 - 58" refId="ref21845" refString="Masi, L. (1951) Materiali per una monografia delle Brachymeria paleartiche (Hym. Chalcidoidea). Eos, Revista Espanola di Entomologia, Madrid, Tomo extraordinario, 45, 27 - 58." type="journal article" year="1951">Masi, 1951: 45</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFE97FF70FD95FF55" author="Boucek, Z." box="[365,547,181,205]" page="92" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFE97FF70FD95FF55" author="Boucek, Z." box="[365,547,181,205]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček, 1992: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, synonymy confirmed.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFACFFFAFF6DFF11FD3BFE93" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="89AEFE09FFACFFFAFF6DFF11FD3BFE93" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
=
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFF56FF11FD91FF74" author="Forster, A." box="[172,551,212,236]" page="97" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFF56FF11FD91FF74" ID-CoL="TG5X" authority="Forster, 1859: 97" authorityName="Forster" authorityPageNumber="97" authorityYear="1859" box="[172,551,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scirropoda">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFF56FF11FED9FF74" box="[172,367,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Chalcis scirropoda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFE8CFF11FD91FF74" author="Forster, A." box="[374,551,212,236]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="87 - 124" refId="ref19387" refString="Forster, A. (1859) Zweite Centurie neuer Hymenopteren. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Bonn, 16, 87 - 124." type="journal article" year="1859">Förster, 1859: 97</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Original description.
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFACFFFAFCF0FF11FCD2FF74" box="[778,868,212,236]" name="Hungary" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Hungary</collectingCountry>
. Synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFBE2FF11FB12FF74" ID-CoL="TG24" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[1048,1188,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFBE2FF11FB12FF74" box="[1048,1188,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">C. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFB31FF11FA2FFF74" author="Ruschka, F." box="[1227,1433,212,236]" page="225" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFB31FF11FA2FFF74" author="Ruschka, F." box="[1227,1433,212,236]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref23036" refString="Ruschka, F. (1922) Chalcididen studien. III. Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Chalcis Fabr. Konowia, 1, 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="1922">Ruschka, 1922: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFF3DFF36FE15FE93" author="Boucek, Z." box="[199,419,243,267]" page="92" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFF3DFF36FE15FE93" author="Boucek, Z." box="[199,419,243,267]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček, 1992: 92‒93</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, synonymy confirmed.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFACFFFAFF6DFED7FE34FED0" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="89AEFE09FFACFFFAFF6DFED7FE34FED0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
=
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFF54FED4FDA2FEB1" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[174,532,273,297]" page="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1876">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFF54FED4FDA2FEB1" ID-CoL="TFXL" authority="Thomson, 1876: 19" authorityName="Thomson" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1876" box="[174,532,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boops">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFF54FED4FEF6FEB1" box="[174,320,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Chalcis boops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFEBDFED4FDA2FEB1" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[327,532,273,297]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" refId="ref23917" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1876) Skandinaviens Hymenoptera. Vol. 4. s. n., Lund, 192 pp." type="book" year="1876">Thomson, 1876: 19</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Original description.
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFACFFFAFD01FED4FCEDFEB1" box="[763,859,273,297]" name="Germany" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Germany</collectingCountry>
.
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFC9CFED4FB81FEB1" author="Ruschka, F." box="[870,1079,273,297]" page="225" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFC9CFED4FB81FEB1" author="Ruschka, F." box="[870,1079,273,297]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref23036" refString="Ruschka, F. (1922) Chalcididen studien. III. Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Chalcis Fabr. Konowia, 1, 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="1922">Ruschka, 1922: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFB14FED7FACDFEB1" ID-CoL="TG24" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[1262,1403,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFB14FED7FACDFEB1" box="[1262,1403,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">C. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFF3DFEF5FECBFED0" author="Boucek, Z." box="[199,381,304,328]" page="92" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFF3DFEF5FECBFED0" author="Boucek, Z." box="[199,381,304,328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček, 1992: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFACFFFAFF6DFE8AFDBBFE1D" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="89AEFE09FFACFFFAFF6DFE8AFDBBFE1D" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
=
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFF57FE8AFDC1FEFF" author="Cameron, P." box="[173,631,335,359]" page="94" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1906">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFF57FE8AFDC1FEFF" ID-CoL="49HHD" authority="Cameron, 1906: 94" authorityName="Cameron" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1906" box="[173,631,335,359]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Oncochalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quettaensis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFF57FE8AFE10FEFE" box="[173,422,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Oncochalcis quettaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFE54FE8AFDC1FEFF" author="Cameron, P." box="[430,631,335,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="89 - 107" refId="ref17473" refString="Cameron, P. (1906) On the Tenthredinidae &amp; parasitic Hymenoptera collected in Baluchistan by Major C. G. Nurse. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17, 89 - 107." type="journal article" year="1906">Cameron, 1906: 94</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Original description.
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFACFFFAFCA4FE8AFC01FEFF" box="[862,951,335,359]" name="Pakistan" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
.
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFC38FE8AFB10FEFE" author="Narendran, T. C." box="[962,1190,334,359]" page="251" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFC38FE8AFB10FEFE" author="Narendran, T. C." box="[962,1190,334,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" refId="ref22393" refString="Narendran, T. C. (1989) Oriental Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). University of Calicut Department of Zoology, Zoological Monograph, Kerala, 441 pp." type="book" year="1989">Narendran, 1989: 251</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Synonymy by
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFAB2FE8AFE95FE1D" author="Boucek, Z." page="92" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFAB2FE8AFE95FE1D" author="Boucek, Z." pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček, 1992: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<typeStatus id="76056785FFACFFFAFED4FEA8FE3DFE1D" box="[302,395,365,389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFACFFFAFF6DFE49FE34FE5B" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="89AEFE09FFACFFFAFF6DFE49FE34FE5B" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
=
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFF56FE49FD27FE3C" ID-CoL="5FZQD" authority="Masi" authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1951" box="[172,657,396,420]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="intermedia" variety="turkestanica">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFF56FE49FE13FE3C" box="[172,421,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Brachymeria intermedia</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFE2CFE49FDE5FE3C" box="[470,595,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">turkestanica</emphasis>
Masi
</taxonomicName>
: 1951: 45. Original description.
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFACFFFAFC23FE49FBF8FE3C" box="[985,1102,396,420]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
. Host:
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFB6FFE49FABFFE3B" box="[1173,1289,396,419]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Tisbidae" genus="Genesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFB6FFE49FB53FE3B" box="[1173,1253,396,419]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Genesis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Synonymy by
<treatmentCitation id="281FFF36FFACFFFAFF3DFE6EFECBFE5B" author="Boucek, Z." box="[199,381,427,451]" page="92" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFF3DFE6EFECBFE5B" author="Boucek, Z." box="[199,381,427,451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček, 1992: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1A48AACFFACFFF9FF6DFE34FDD8FBE5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFACFFFAFF6DFE34FD19FD03" blockId="13.[151,1437,497,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFF6DFE34FE33FD93" bold="true" box="[151,389,497,523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Material examined.</emphasis>
TYPE MATERIAL.
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFD76FE34FC8DFD93" box="[652,827,497,523]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFD76FE34FC8DFD93" box="[652,827,497,523]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Chalcis tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="76056785FFACFFFAFCB7FE34FC02FD93" box="[845,948,497,523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFC45FE34FC62FD93" box="[959,980,497,523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFC1CFE34FBE4FD93" box="[998,1106,497,523]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
Hym type 5-428) (labelling on
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFACFFFAFF47FDD0FE9EFDB7" box="[189,296,533,559]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1382,1406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1410,465,1347]" captionTargetId="figure-143@19.[151,1435,453,1359]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 12A-E. Labelling of the primary types of Brachymeria tibialis and its synonyms. A, lectotype of Chalcis tibialis. B. Lectotype of Chalcis distinguenda. C. Lectotype of Chalcis scirropoda. D. Type of Chalcis boops. E. Lectotype of Chalcis quettaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033993/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFEC5FDD0FD99FDB7" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1834" box="[319,559,533,559]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFEC5FDD0FD99FDB7" box="[319,559,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Chalcis distinguenda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="76056785FFACFFFAFDBBFDD0FD1EFDB7" box="[577,680,533,559]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFD48FDD0FD71FDB7" box="[690,711,533,559]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFD22FDD0FCF2FDB7" box="[728,836,533,559]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
Hym type 5.5123) (labelling on
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFACFFFAFB3DFDD0FA86FDB7" box="[1223,1328,533,559]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1382,1406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1410,465,1347]" captionTargetId="figure-143@19.[151,1435,453,1359]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 12A-E. Labelling of the primary types of Brachymeria tibialis and its synonyms. A, lectotype of Chalcis tibialis. B. Lectotype of Chalcis distinguenda. C. Lectotype of Chalcis scirropoda. D. Type of Chalcis boops. E. Lectotype of Chalcis quettaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033993/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFABDFDD0FEB7FDCB" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulata">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFABDFDD0FEB7FDCB" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Chalcis cingulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="76056785FFACFFFAFEEEFDFCFECDFDCB" box="[276,379,569,595]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFE7DFDFCFE2AFDCB" box="[391,412,569,595]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFE55FDFCFDADFDCB" box="[431,539,569,595]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
Hym type 5-428).
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFCF9FDFCFC68FDCB" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1859" box="[771,990,569,595]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scirropoda">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFCF9FDFCFC68FDCB" box="[771,990,569,595]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Chalcis scirropoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: three conspecific
<typeStatus id="76056785FFACFFFAFB3AFDFCFA94FDCB" box="[1216,1314,569,595]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFACFFDFCFA22FDCB" box="[1333,1428,569,595]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
) (labelling on
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFACFFFAFED5FD98FE21FDEF" box="[303,407,605,631]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1382,1406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1410,465,1347]" captionTargetId="figure-143@19.[151,1435,453,1359]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 12A-E. Labelling of the primary types of Brachymeria tibialis and its synonyms. A, lectotype of Chalcis tibialis. B. Lectotype of Chalcis distinguenda. C. Lectotype of Chalcis scirropoda. D. Type of Chalcis boops. E. Lectotype of Chalcis quettaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033993/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFE51FD98FD08FDEF" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1906" box="[427,702,605,631]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Oncochalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quettaensis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFE51FD98FD08FDEF" box="[427,702,605,631]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Oncochalcis quettaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="76056785FFACFFFAFD34FD98FC8EFDEF" box="[718,824,605,631]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, previously designated by Bouček, a
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFB1BFD98FB40FDEF" box="[1249,1270,605,631]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
on a micropin (
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFF65FD44FEBDFD03" box="[159,267,641,667]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
Hym. 5-127) (labelling on
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFACFFFAFDC4FD44FD15FD03" box="[574,675,641,667]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1382,1406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1410,465,1347]" captionTargetId="figure-143@19.[151,1435,453,1359]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 12A-E. Labelling of the primary types of Brachymeria tibialis and its synonyms. A, lectotype of Chalcis tibialis. B. Lectotype of Chalcis distinguenda. C. Lectotype of Chalcis scirropoda. D. Type of Chalcis boops. E. Lectotype of Chalcis quettaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033993/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFACFFFAFF3DFD60FBD4FC47" blockId="13.[151,1437,497,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
The male
<typeStatus id="76056785FFACFFFAFECEFD60FE2DFD27" box="[308,411,677,703]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFE44FD60FDD1FD27" box="[446,615,677,703]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFE44FD60FDD1FD27" box="[446,615,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Chalcis tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
still has the base of the left flagellum. It was therefore possible to examine the distribution of the modified, spatulate setae on its underneath and determine that the setae are missing from F1 (
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFF3DFD28FF6DFC9F" box="[199,219,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">cf</emphasis>
.
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFACFFFAFF10FD28FEF3FC9F" box="[234,325,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURES 9" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 9A–F. Comparative characters of B. tibialis and B. zygaenae. 9A–C, B. tibialis, ♂. 9D–F, Brachymeria zygaenae, paratype ♂. 8A and 8D, antennal flagellum with base enlarged; 8B and 8E, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged; 8C and 8F, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033987/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). The adscrobal area on the mesopleuron has only a moderate number of punctures and a smooth surface in front of the femoral depression, and the hind tarsus is relatively thick, all characters in accordance with the diagnosis provided below.
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFE08FCF0FD2CFCD7" author="Boucek, Z." box="[498,666,821,847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček (1992)</bibRefCitation>
erroneously stated that the type of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFBD4FCF0FB57FCD7" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1834" box="[1070,1249,821,847]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFBD4FCF0FB57FCD7" box="[1070,1249,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">C. distinguenda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was lost but the putatively missing type is actually that of
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFD86FC9CFCA6FCEB" box="[636,784,857,883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFD86FC9CFCBAFCEB" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1834" box="[636,780,857,883]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulata">C. cingulata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The types of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFC48FC9CFBF9FCEB" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1859" box="[946,1103,857,883]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scirropoda">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFC48FC9CFBF9FCEB" box="[946,1103,857,883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">C. scirropoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFB70FC9CFA9AFCEB" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1906" box="[1162,1324,857,883]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Oncochalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quettaensis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFB70FC9CFA9AFCEB" box="[1162,1324,857,883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">O. quettaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show the distinctive feature of
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFE73FCB8FD39FC0F" box="[393,655,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFE73FCB8FE4FFC0F" box="[393,505,893,919]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="tibialis">C. tibialis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80F9B84EFFACFFFAFDFAFCBBFD39FC0F" box="[512,655,894,919]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
. Thanks to images sent to GD by M. Rune Bygebjerg, (
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFAF0FCB8FAFCFC0F" box="[1290,1354,893,919]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pcbg-hhf5" name="Lake Biwa Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">LBM</collectionCode>
) it was possible to confirm the identity of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFDE0FC64FD0FFC23" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[538,697,929,955]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boops">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFDE0FC64FD0FFC23" box="[538,697,929,955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Chalcis boops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(labelling on
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFACFFFAFCAFFC64FC0BFC23" box="[853,957,929,955]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1382,1406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1410,465,1347]" captionTargetId="figure-143@19.[151,1435,453,1359]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 12A-E. Labelling of the primary types of Brachymeria tibialis and its synonyms. A, lectotype of Chalcis tibialis. B. Lectotype of Chalcis distinguenda. C. Lectotype of Chalcis scirropoda. D. Type of Chalcis boops. E. Lectotype of Chalcis quettaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033993/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
). The synonymy between the above names established first by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFE88FC00FD92FC47" author="Ruschka, F." box="[370,548,965,991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref23036" refString="Ruschka, F. (1922) Chalcididen studien. III. Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Chalcis Fabr. Konowia, 1, 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="1922">Ruschka (1922)</bibRefCitation>
and then by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFACFFFAFD4EFC00FCEAFC47" author="Boucek, Z." box="[692,860,965,991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček (1992)</bibRefCitation>
is also confirmed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFACFFFAFF6DFC2CFF5AFB0B" blockId="13.[151,1437,497,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
The
<typeStatus id="76056785FFACFFFAFF31FC2CFEB0FB9B" box="[203,262,1001,1027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">types</typeStatus>
of the varieties quoted by Masi as
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFD61FC2FFBB2FB9B" box="[667,1028,1001,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="intermedia" variety="rufofemorata">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFD61FC2FFC83FB9B" box="[667,821,1001,1027]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">B. intermedia</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFC8AFC2CFBB2FB9B" box="[880,1028,1001,1027]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">rufofemorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFBC7FC2FFA2AFB9B" authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1951" box="[1085,1436,1001,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="intermedia" variety="turkestanica">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFBC7FC2FFB61FB9B" box="[1085,1239,1001,1027]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">B. intermedia</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFAE8FC2CFA2AFB9B" box="[1298,1436,1001,1027]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">turkestanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could not be located and the host name (
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFD87FBC8FCB7FBBF" box="[637,769,1037,1063]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Tisbidae" genus="Genesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFD87FBC8FD60FBBF" box="[637,726,1037,1063]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Genesis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) could not be found in any catalogue or database of the
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFF6DFBF4FE94FBD3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,290,1073,1099]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless our sampling included specimens that fit with the original descriptions. These varieties correspond to phenotypes that were mixed with specimens exhibiting the typical morphological characters of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFA7EFB93FF53FB0B" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFA7EFB93FF53FB0B" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFACFFF9FF3DFB58FC29FCC5" blockId="13.[151,1437,497,2035]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
OTHER MATERIAL.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFE35FB58FD8AFB2F" box="[463,572,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">EUROPE</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFDBDFB58FCF6FB2F" bold="true" box="[583,832,1181,1207]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFACFFFAFDBDFB58FCF6FB2F" box="[583,832,1181,1207]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">CZECH REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFCB6FB58FC4EFB2F" bold="true" box="[844,1016,1180,1207]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
CHKO
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFACFFFAFC5DFB59FC4EFB2F" box="[935,1016,1180,1207]" country="Czech Republic" name="Palava" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Pálava</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: NPR Děvín-Kotel-Soutěska, Břeclav distr., Perná,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFEDCFB04FE29FB43" box="[294,415,1217,1243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2010-07-01">01vii.2010</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFDC4FB04FDD5FB43" box="[574,611,1217,1243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFD97FB04FD0BFB43" box="[621,701,1217,1243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFD37FB04FCF4FB43" bold="true" box="[717,834,1217,1243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFACFFFAFD37FB04FCF4FB43" box="[717,834,1217,1243]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFCB4FB04FBA1FB43" bold="true" box="[846,1047,1217,1243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFACFFFAFCB4FB04FBA1FB43" box="[846,1047,1217,1243]" country="France" name="Alpes-Maritimes" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Alpes-Maritimes</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Belvédère, Castellarou, point 263,
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFACFFFAFF6DFB20FF5AFB67" box="[151,236,1253,1280]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
sweeping,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFE91FB20FE5CFB67" box="[363,490,1253,1279]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2009-07-24">24.vii.2009</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFD6AFB20FD05FB67" box="[656,691,1253,1279]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFD3AFB20FCBDFB67" box="[704,779,1253,1279]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDEL</collectionCode>
0287 &amp;
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFC9CFB20FC05FB67" box="[870,947,1253,1279]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDEL</collectionCode>
0288,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFC0DFB20FBF3FB67" box="[1015,1093,1253,1279]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">CBGP</collectionCode>
); Breil-sur-Roya, GR52A, SW Cime du Bosc,
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFACFFFAFEB2FACCFE25FABB" box="[328,403,1289,1315]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
, sweeping,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFDE3FACCFD27FABB" box="[537,657,1289,1315]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2012-06-17">17.vi.2012</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFCC7FACCFCE8FABB" box="[829,862,1289,1315]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFC97FACCFC0CFABB" box="[877,954,1289,1315]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDEL</collectionCode>
0338,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFC05FACCFBFBFABB" box="[1023,1101,1289,1315]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">CBGP</collectionCode>
); Levens,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFB38FACCFA84FABB" box="[1218,1330,1289,1315]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1983-10-10">10.x.1983</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFF34FAE8FF59FADF" box="[206,239,1325,1351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFF01FAE8FEFDFADF" box="[251,331,1325,1351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFEA6FAE9FE77FADF" bold="true" box="[348,449,1324,1351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFACFFFAFEA6FAE9FE77FADF" box="[348,449,1324,1351]" country="France" name="Ardeche" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Ardèche</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Berrias-et-Casteljau, Bois de Païolive, Montchamp, sweeping,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFB70FAE8FABFFADF" box="[1162,1289,1325,1351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2002-07-06">06.vii.2002</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFF58FA94FF72FAF3" box="[162,196,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFF2BFA94FEA8FAF3" box="[209,286,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDEL</collectionCode>
0217,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFE9BFA94FE18FAF3" box="[353,430,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDEL</collectionCode>
0218,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFE0BFA94FD89FAF3" box="[497,575,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">CBGP</collectionCode>
); same locality, Malaise trap,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFC73FA94FBFFFAF3" box="[905,1097,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2006-06-11" valueMax="2006-07-07" valueMin="2006-06-11">11.vi-07.vii.2006</date>
(Aberlenc H-P.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFAEAFA94FA83FAF3" box="[1296,1333,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFABAFA94FA26FAF3" box="[1344,1424,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); same locality, ex pupae of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFE2BFAB3FC94FA17" authority="(Delvare G.)" baseAuthorityName="Delvare G." box="[465,802,1397,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridana">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFE2BFAB3FD31FA17" box="[465,647,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Tortrix viridana</emphasis>
(Delvare G.)
</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFCCDFAB0FCEEFA17" box="[823,856,1397,1423]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFC98FAB0FC30FA17" box="[866,902,1397,1423]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFC6CFAB0FC50FA17" box="[918,998,1397,1423]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); La Fontaine du Cade, on
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFADDFAB3FA23FA17" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1319,1429,1398,1423]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFADDFAB3FA23FA17" box="[1319,1429,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Juniperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFF6DFA5CFEA6FA2B" box="[151,272,1433,1459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1990-03-24">24.iii.1990</date>
(Foucart A.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFE4AFA5CFE67FA2B" box="[432,465,1433,1459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFE27FA5CFD9BFA2B" box="[477,557,1433,1459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Lagorce,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFD5DFA5CFCA9FA2C" box="[679,799,1433,1460]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1987-09-15">15.ix.1987</date>
(Foucart A.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFC41FA5CFC56FA2C" box="[955,992,1433,1460]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFC11FA5CFB8DFA2B" box="[1003,1083,1433,1459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Saint-Laurent-les-Bains,
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFACFFFAFA9FFA5CFF19FA4F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
, N village, (Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFE37FA78FE47FA4F" box="[461,497,1469,1495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFE07FA78FDFBFA4F" box="[509,589,1469,1495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFDA5FA79FCF4FA4E" bold="true" box="[607,834,1468,1494]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Bouches-du-Rhône</emphasis>
: Aix-en-Provence, Europole de l’Arbois,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFAEFFA78FA2AFA4F" box="[1301,1436,1469,1495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2007-08-27">27.viii.2007</date>
(Ponel P.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFEEFFA24FE8FFA63" box="[277,313,1505,1531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFEBFFA24FE25FA63" box="[325,403,1505,1531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDEL</collectionCode>
0471,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFE2CFA24FD92FA63" box="[470,548,1505,1531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">CBGP</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFDCDFA24FDD5FA63" bold="true" box="[567,611,1505,1531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFACFFFAFDCDFA24FDD5FA63" box="[567,611,1505,1531]" country="France" name="Var" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Var</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFC75FA24FC48FA63" box="[911,1022,1505,1531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1986-05-04">04.v.1986</date>
(Matocq A.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFB5AFA24FB77FA63" box="[1184,1217,1505,1531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFB34FA24FAA8FA63" box="[1230,1310,1505,1531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFACAFA24FAC6FA63" bold="true" box="[1328,1392,1505,1531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFACFFFAFACAFA24FAC6FA63" box="[1328,1392,1505,1531]" country="France" name="Gard" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Gard</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Le Cailar,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFF1DF9C0FEE3F9B8" box="[231,341,1541,1568]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1986-05-15">15.v.1986</date>
(Vayssières J.-F.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFDD2F9C0FDFDF987" box="[552,587,1541,1567]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFDACF9C0FD10F987" box="[598,678,1541,1567]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Saint-Félix-de-Pallières, L’Ourne,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFBCDF9C0FB11F987" box="[1079,1191,1541,1567]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1981-10-02">02.x.1981</date>
(Vayssières J.-F.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFA86F9C0FA2AF987" box="[1404,1436,1541,1567]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFF6DF9ECFF0AF9DB" box="[151,188,1577,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFF30F9ECFEACF9DB" box="[202,282,1577,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Saint-Geniès-de-Malgoire, Mas de Mme Rouquette, on flower of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFBE4F9ECFAA3F9DB" box="[1054,1301,1577,1603]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Paliurus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spina-christi">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFBE4F9ECFAA3F9DB" box="[1054,1301,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Paliurus spina-christi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFADEF9ECFA2AF9DB" box="[1316,1436,1577,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2000-06-22">22.vi.2000</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFECEF988FEEFF9FF" box="[308,345,1613,1639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFE9EF988FE02F9FF" box="[356,436,1613,1639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Trèves, Gorges du Trévezel,
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFACFFFAFCFFF988FCFBF9FF" box="[773,845,1613,1640]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="m" value="510.0">510 m</quantity>
, sweeping,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFC2AF988FBF1F9FF" box="[976,1095,1613,1639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2011-06-17">17.vi.2011</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFB10F988FABBF9FF" box="[1258,1293,1613,1639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFAE0F988FAD3F9FF" box="[1306,1381,1613,1639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDEL</collectionCode>
0329 &amp;
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFF48F9B4FF49F913" box="[178,255,1649,1675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDEL</collectionCode>
0339,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFEBBF9B4FE39F913" box="[321,399,1649,1675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">CBGP</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFE5AF9B5FE4BF913" bold="true" box="[416,509,1648,1675]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFACFFFAFE5AF9B5FE4BF913" box="[416,509,1648,1675]" country="France" name="Herault" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Hérault</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Aniane, Les Bernagues, on flower of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFC59F9B4FB21F913" box="[931,1175,1649,1675]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Paliurus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spina-christi">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFC59F9B4FB21F913" box="[931,1175,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Paliurus spina-christi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFB59F9B4FAACF914" box="[1187,1306,1649,1676]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1985-06-29">29.vi.1985</date>
(Maldès J.- M.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFF2BF950FF44F937" box="[209,242,1685,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFF07F950FEFBF937" box="[253,333,1685,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); same locality and collector,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFD74F950FC85F937" box="[654,819,1685,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1984-07-17" valueMax="1984-07-19" valueMin="1984-07-17">17-19.vii.1984</date>
(
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFCB8F950FCD0F937" box="[834,870,1685,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFC8AF950FC76F937" box="[880,960,1685,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Assas, on
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFBC7F953FB38F937" box="[1085,1166,1686,1711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFBC7F953FB38F937" box="[1085,1166,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Prunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFB63F950FAA7F937" box="[1177,1297,1685,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1988-06-12">12.vi.1988</date>
(Foucart A.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFF59F97CFF72F94B" box="[163,196,1721,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFF2BF97CFE97F94B" box="[209,289,1721,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Clapiers,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFE65F97CFDA1F94B" box="[415,535,1721,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1984-06-01">01.vi.1984</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFD44F97CFD69F94B" box="[702,735,1721,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFD16F97CFC8AF94B" box="[748,828,1721,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Ganges ex pupa of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFACFFFAFBDCF97FFB5FF94B" authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1923" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1062,1257,1721,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFACFFFAFBDCF97FFB5FF94B" box="[1062,1257,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Lymantria dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collect
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFABDF97CFA2AF94B" box="[1351,1436,1721,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1988-06">vi.1988</date>
(Feltwell J.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFEC8F918FEE0F96F" box="[306,342,1757,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFE99F918FE12F96F" box="[355,420,1757,1783]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h8hj-4rxx" name="National Museum of Scotland - Natural Sciences" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">NMS</collectionCode>
); same data but collect
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFD4BF918FCB0F96F" box="[689,774,1757,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1989-06">vi.1989</date>
emergence
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFC74F918FBB8F96F" box="[910,1038,1757,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1989-07-24">24.vii.1989</date>
(
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFBE5F918FBF3F96F" box="[1055,1093,1757,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFBA8F918FB14F96F" box="[1106,1186,1757,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Grabels;
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFAE7F918FA2AF96F" box="[1309,1436,1757,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1989-07-10">10.vii.1989</date>
(Tussac H.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFED1F8C4FEE6F883" box="[299,336,1793,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFEA7F8C4FE1BF883" box="[349,429,1793,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
);
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFE3BF8C4FDF7F883" box="[449,577,1793,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1989-07-13">13.vii.1989</date>
(
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFDABF8C4FDC3F883" box="[593,629,1793,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFD87F8C4FD7BF883" box="[637,717,1793,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Lézignan,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFCA2F8C4FC70F883" box="[856,966,1793,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1991-05-20">20.v.1991</date>
(Tussac H.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFB99F8C4FB31F883" box="[1123,1159,1793,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFB6EF8C4FB52F883" box="[1172,1252,1793,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Mauguio, Mas de Roquefeuille,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFEA2F8E0FE70F8A7" box="[344,454,1829,1855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2006-05-26">26.v.2006</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFD8AF8E0FD27F8A7" box="[624,657,1829,1855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFD65F8E0FD59F8A7" box="[671,751,1829,1855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Montagnac, Mas de Linarès,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFBB1F8E0FB0FF8A7" box="[1099,1209,1829,1855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1980-05-10">10.v.1980</date>
(Maldès J.-M) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFA89F8E0FA20F8A7" box="[1395,1430,1829,1855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFF6DF88CFF51F8FB" box="[151,231,1865,1891]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Montferrier-sur-Lez, campus Csiro, within greenhouse,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFC7FF88CFC45F8FB" box="[901,1011,1865,1891]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2002-05-26">26.v.2002</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFB52F88CFB7FF8FB" box="[1192,1225,1865,1891]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFB20F88CFA9CF8FB" box="[1242,1322,1865,1891]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); bord du Lez,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFF35F8A8FEF0F81F" box="[207,326,1901,1927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1989-04-07">07.iv.1989</date>
(Maldès J.-M) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFDFAF8A8FD94F81F" box="[512,546,1901,1927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFDD5F8A8FDC9F81F" box="[559,639,1901,1927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Montpellier,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFCDEF8A8FC2CF81F" box="[804,922,1901,1927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1979-04-03">03.iv.1979</date>
(Maldès J.-M) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFBAFF8A8FBC0F81F" box="[1109,1142,1901,1927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFB7EF8A8FB62F81F" box="[1156,1236,1901,1927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); same city, Cirad campus,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFF06F854FE32F833" box="[252,388,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1984-08-30">30.viii.1984</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFDD7F854FDE7F833" box="[557,593,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFDA4F854FD18F833" box="[606,686,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Saint-Gély-du-Fesc,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFC57F854FB93F833" box="[941,1061,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="2009-09-02">02.ix.2009</date>
(Michel B.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFB3FF854FB51F833" box="[1221,1255,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFB0FF854FAF3F833" box="[1269,1349,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); SaintGeniès-de-Varensal, Albès,
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFACFFFAFE2CF870FD95F857" box="[470,547,1973,2000]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="m" value="785.0">785 m</quantity>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFDC8F870FD1CF857" box="[562,682,1973,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1989-09-01">01.ix.1989</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFCA7F870FCC8F857" box="[861,894,1973,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFC75F870FC69F857" box="[911,991,1973,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFAE7F870FA2AF857" box="[1309,1436,1973,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1986-07-16">16.vii.1986</date>
(Vayssières J.-F.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFE97F81CFE27F86B" box="[365,401,2009,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFE5AF81CFE46F86B" box="[416,496,2009,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); same locality,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFACFFFAFD56F81CFC92F86B" box="[684,804,2009,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1986-06-27">27.vi.1986</date>
(Maldès J.-M) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFACFFFAFC1FF81CFBBFF86B" box="[997,1033,2009,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFACFFFAFBE2F81CFBDEF86B" box="[1048,1128,2009,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Saint-Martin-de-Londres, on flower of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FED3FF52FE7CFF28" box="[297,458,151,177]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Echinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ritro">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FED3FF52FE7CFF28" box="[297,458,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Echinops ritro</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FE22FF52FDE9FF29" box="[472,607,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1988-08-02">02.viii.1988</date>
(Foucart A.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FCFBFF52FC92FF29" box="[769,804,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">9♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FCCBFF52FC37FF29" box="[817,897,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); same locality and collector, Uglas,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FAE7FF52FA2AFF29" box="[1309,1436,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1988-07-12">12.vii.1988</date>
(
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FF58FF7EFF72FF4D" box="[162,196,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FF2EFF7EFE92FF4D" box="[212,292,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Frouzet, same locality and collector (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FD1FFF7EFCBCFF4D" box="[741,778,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FCE3FF7EFCDFFF4D" box="[793,873,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Sète, N112, on flower of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FB5EFF7EFA20FF4C" box="[1188,1430,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Echinophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FB5EFF7EFA20FF4C" box="[1188,1430,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Echinophora spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FF6DFF1BFEA8FF61" box="[151,286,222,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1986-08-15">15.viii.1986</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FE36FF1AFE47FF61" box="[460,497,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FE05FF1AFDF9FF61" box="[511,591,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); same locality and collector, on
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FC2AFF1AFBC7FF61" box="[976,1137,223,249]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundo" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="donax">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FC2AFF1AFBC7FF61" box="[976,1137,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Arundo donax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FB79FF1BFAB4FF61" box="[1155,1282,222,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2004-07-25">25.vii.2004</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FF5BFEC6FF73FE85" box="[161,197,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FF29FEC6FE95FE85" box="[211,291,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Valflaunès,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FE47FEC7FDF3FE85" box="[445,581,258,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2005-08-18">18.viii.2005</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FD0AFEC6FCA2FE85" box="[752,788,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FCD8FEC6FCD9FE85" box="[802,879,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDEL</collectionCode>
0179,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FC4EFEC6FC49FE85" box="[948,1023,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">CBGP</collectionCode>
) and
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FBBBFEC7FB7EFE85" box="[1089,1224,258,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2005-08-16">16.viii.2005</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FA8FFEC6FA20FE85" box="[1397,1430,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FF6DFEE2FF52FED9" box="[151,228,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDEL</collectionCode>
0180,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FED1FEE2FECFFED9" box="[299,377,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">CBGP</collectionCode>
); Vias, on flower of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FD91FEE2FC6EFED9" authority="(Delvare G.)" baseAuthorityName="Delvare G." box="[619,984,295,321]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Pastinaca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifolia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FD91FEE2FC88FED9" box="[619,830,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Pastinaca latifolia</emphasis>
(Delvare G.)
</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FC17FEE2FBA6FED9" box="[1005,1040,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FBDAFEE2FBC6FED9" box="[1056,1136,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Viols-le-Fort,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FADCFEE3FA2AFED9" box="[1318,1436,294,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1985-04-13">13.iv.1985</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FEC7FE8EFEE8FEFD" box="[317,350,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FE94FE8EFE08FEFD" box="[366,446,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FE28FE8EFE4AFEFD" bold="true" box="[466,508,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFAFFFF9FE28FE8EFE4AFEFD" box="[466,508,331,357]" country="France" name="Lot" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Lot</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Brengues,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FD72FE8EFCB1FEFD" box="[648,775,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1984-07-21">21.vii.1984</date>
(Tussac H.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FC52FE8EFC78FEFD" box="[936,974,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FC26FE8EFB9AFEFD" box="[988,1068,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Cabrerets,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FB47FE8EFA8AFEFD" box="[1213,1340,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1983-07-13">13.vii.1983</date>
(Tussac H.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FF34FEAAFF47FE11" box="[206,241,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FF03FEAAFEA8FE11" box="[249,286,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FED1FEAAFECDFE11" box="[299,379,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Cahors,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FE14FEAAFDDBFE11" box="[494,621,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1984-07-29">29.vii.1984</date>
(Tussac H.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FCF7FEAAFC9BFE11" box="[781,813,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
),
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FCBDFEAAFC78FE11" box="[839,974,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1984-08-18">18.viii.1984</date>
(
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FC1AFEAAFBB5FE11" box="[992,1027,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
) (both
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FBA2FEAAFB1EFE11" box="[1112,1192,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Marcilhac-sur-Célé,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FF6DFE56FEB9FE35" box="[151,271,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1983-06-30">30.vi.1983</date>
(Tussac H.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FE4CFE56FE6CFE35" box="[438,474,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FE11FE56FD8DFE35" box="[491,571,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Flaujac-Poujols,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FCEEFE56FC3AFE35" box="[788,908,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1984-09-28">28.ix.1984</date>
(Tussac H.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FBCFFE56FBE0FE35" box="[1077,1110,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FB92FE56FB0EFE35" box="[1128,1208,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FB34FE57FA96FE35" bold="true" box="[1230,1312,402,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFAFFFF9FB34FE57FA96FE35" box="[1230,1312,402,429]" country="France" name="Lozere" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Lozère</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Belvezet, around Moure de la Gardille,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FE1BFE72FDD7FE49" box="[481,609,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2006-07-21">21.vii.2006</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FCFEFE72FC9EFE49" box="[772,808,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FCC9FE72FC35FE49" box="[819,899,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Le Monastier, on
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FBA3FE72FB1CFE48" box="[1113,1194,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FBA3FE72FB1CFE48" box="[1113,1194,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Prunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FB4DFE72FA81FE49" box="[1207,1335,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1987-07-10">10.vii.1987</date>
(Foucart A.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FF2BFE1EFF44FE6D" box="[209,242,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FF06FE1EFE96FE6D" box="[252,288,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FECAFE1EFE36FE6D" box="[304,384,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FE6FFE1FFDD7FE6C" bold="true" box="[405,609,474,500]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Tarn-et-Garonne</emphasis>
: Montauban, Villemade,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FC7CFE1EFBB0FE6D" box="[902,1030,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1991-07-30">30.vii.1991</date>
(Tussac H.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FB53FE1EFB7BFE6D" box="[1193,1229,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FB26FE1EFA9AFE6D" box="[1244,1324,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FABBFE1EFADBFE6D" bold="true" box="[1345,1389,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFAFFFF9FABBFE1EFADBFE6D" box="[1345,1389,475,501]" country="France" name="Var" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Var</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Le Muy, Bois de Palaison,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FE5EFE3BFD95FD81" box="[420,547,510,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1995-07-13">13.vii.1995</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FD31FE3AFD46FD81" box="[715,752,511,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FD06FE3AFCFAFD81" box="[764,844,511,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Saint-Paul-en-Forêt,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FBB6FE3BFB7DFD81" box="[1100,1227,510,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1995-07-15">15.vii.1995</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FA8FFE3AFA20FD81" box="[1397,1430,511,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FF6DFDE6FF51FDA5" box="[151,231,547,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
); Vidauban, Malaise trap,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FDEEFDE7FD3AFDA5" box="[532,652,546,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2015-06-08">08.vi.2015</date>
(Rault P.-A.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FCC0FDE6FCEDFDA5" box="[826,859,547,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FC91FDE6FC0DFDA5" box="[875,955,547,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FC35FDE7FBF3FDA4" bold="true" box="[975,1093,546,572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FC35FDE7FBF3FDA4" box="[975,1093,546,572]" name="Greece" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GREECE</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Arkadia: Tripoli, Piana road,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FF6DFD82FEBAFDF9" box="[151,268,583,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2000-04-11">11.iv.2000</date>
(Cocquempot C.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FE16FD82FDBBFDF9" box="[492,525,583,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FDE6FD82FDDAFDF9" box="[540,620,583,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FD85FD83FD65FDF8" bold="true" box="[639,723,582,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FD85FD83FD65FDF8" box="[639,723,582,608]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">ITALY</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FD19FD83FC9AFDF8" bold="true" box="[739,812,582,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFAFFFF9FD19FD83FC9AFDF8" box="[739,812,582,608]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Sicilia</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Cesaro, Monte Nebrodi, Solazzo Buffali,
<geoCoordinate id="CC8ABFE0FFAFFFF9FAEEFD83FA2AFDF9" box="[1300,1436,582,609]" degrees="37.87305" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" precision="1" value="37.87305">37.87305°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="CC8ABFE0FFAFFFF9FF6DFDAFFEAAFD1D" box="[151,284,618,645]" degrees="14.67514" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" precision="1" value="14.67514">14.67514°E</geoCoordinate>
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFAFFFF9FEDCFDAEFE36FD1D" box="[294,384,619,645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
, sweeping on
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FDD2FDAEFCAFFD1D" box="[552,793,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Opopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chironium">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FDD2FDAEFCAFFD1D" box="[552,793,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Opopanax chironium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FCB8FDAEFC5DFD1C" box="[834,1003,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FCB8FDAEFC5DFD1C" box="[834,1003,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FBBFFDAEFB73FD1D" box="[1093,1221,619,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2014-07-01">01.vii.2014</date>
(Delvare G.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FA8FFDAEFA20FD1D" box="[1397,1430,619,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FF6DFD4AFF52FD31" box="[151,228,655,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDEL</collectionCode>
0404,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FED7FD4AFECDFD31" box="[301,379,655,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">CBGP</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FE68FD4BFE52FD30" bold="true" box="[402,484,654,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FE68FD4BFE52FD30" box="[402,484,654,680]" name="Spain" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">SPAIN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Bages, Alzimar de Sant Marti.,
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFAFFFF9FC8BFD4AFC08FD31" box="[881,958,655,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
, ex pupa of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FBA1FD4AFA88FD30" authorityName="Madl" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Rottembourg" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1115,1342,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphydryas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurinia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FBA1FD4AFA88FD30" box="[1115,1342,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Euphydryas aurinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collect
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FF6DFD76FEB1FD55" box="[151,263,691,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2003-05-16">16.v.2003</date>
, emergence
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FE63FD76FDA4FD55" box="[409,530,691,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2003-06-07">07.vi.2003</date>
(Stefanescu C. &amp; Planas J.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FC8AFD76FC27FD55" box="[880,913,691,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FC58FD76FC55FD55" box="[930,995,691,717]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h8hj-4rxx" name="National Museum of Scotland - Natural Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="Museum">NMS</collectionCode>
); same data but collect on
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FAE5FD76FA2EFD55" box="[1311,1432,691,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2006-04-22">22.iv.2006</date>
, emergence 2006 (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FE9EFD12FE33FD69" box="[356,389,727,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FE69FD12FE62FD69" box="[403,468,727,753]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h8hj-4rxx" name="National Museum of Scotland - Natural Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="Museum">NMS</collectionCode>
); same locality but ex pupa of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FCC9FD12FBF2FD69" authorityName="Shaw et al." authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[819,1092,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphydryas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desfontainii">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FCC9FD12FBF2FD69" box="[819,1092,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Euphydryas desfontainii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collect
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FB5CFD13FAA1FD69" box="[1190,1303,726,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2005-05-21">21.v.2005</date>
, emergence
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FF6DFD3FFEB9FC8D" box="[151,271,762,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2005-06-05">05.vi.2005</date>
(
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FEDFFD3EFEF0FC8D" box="[293,326,763,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FEADFD3EFE2EFC8D" box="[343,408,763,789]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h8hj-4rxx" name="National Museum of Scotland - Natural Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="Museum">NMS</collectionCode>
); Bages, El Guix,
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFAFFFF9FD8BFD3FFD08FC8D" box="[625,702,762,789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
, ex pupa of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FCAEFD3EFB80FC8C" authorityName="Madl" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Rottembourg" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[852,1078,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphydryas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurinia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FCAEFD3EFB80FC8C" box="[852,1078,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Euphydryas aurinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collect 24.v..2004, emergence
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FF6DFCDAFEB9FCA1" box="[151,271,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2004-06-09">09.vi.2004</date>
(Stefanescu C. &amp; Planas J.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FD96FCDAFD26FCA1" box="[620,656,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FD5AFCDAFD57FCA1" box="[672,737,799,825]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h8hj-4rxx" name="National Museum of Scotland - Natural Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="Museum">NMS</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FD0DFCDAFCDFFCA1" bold="true" box="[759,873,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Zaragoza</emphasis>
, Justibol,
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFAFFFF9FC18FCDAFB98FCA1" box="[994,1070,799,825]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
, ex pupa of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FB39FCDAFA23FCA1" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[1219,1429,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pleuroptya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruralis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FB39FCDAFA23FCA1" box="[1219,1429,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Pleuroptya ruralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collect
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FF13FC86FEC7FCC5" box="[233,369,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1999-08-11">11.viii.1999</date>
, emergence
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FE07FC86FD32FCC5" box="[509,644,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1999-08-13">13.viii.1999</date>
(King G.E.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FCD9FC86FCF2FCC5" box="[803,836,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FCA8FC86FC25FCC5" box="[850,915,835,861]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h8hj-4rxx" name="National Museum of Scotland - Natural Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="Museum">NMS</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFAFFFF9FF3DFCA2FD6BFC3D" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FF3DFCA2FE3AFC19" box="[199,396,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">NORTH AFRICA</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="19D6D37AFFAFFFF9FE64FCA3FD6FFC3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897162314" collectingDate="1989-05-17" collectingDateMax="1992-06-04" collectingDateMin="1989-05-17" collectionCode="GDPC" collectorName="Tussac H. &amp; Delvare G." country="Morocco" location="Larache" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="8">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FE64FCA3FD80FC18" bold="true" box="[414,566,870,896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FE64FCA3FD80FC18" box="[414,566,870,896]" name="Morocco" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">MOROCCO</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FDB2FCA2FD13FC19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FDB2FCA2FD13FC19" box="[584,677,871,897]" country="Morocco" name="Larache" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Larache</location>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FD48FCA2FC97FC19" box="[690,801,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1989-05-17">
<collectingDate id="CD44060FFFAFFFF9FD48FCA2FC97FC19" box="[690,801,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1989-05-17">17.v.1989</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="044BBCF1FFAFFFF9FCC8FCA2FC10FC19" box="[818,934,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Tussac H.</collectorName>
) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FC3FFCA2FC50FC19" box="[965,998,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FC0CFCA2FBF0FC19" box="[1014,1094,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
). Moulay Idriss, Antic city of Volubilis,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FEF0FC4EFE34FC3D" box="[266,386,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1992-06-04">
<collectingDate id="CD44060FFFAFFFF9FEF0FC4EFE34FC3D" box="[266,386,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1992-06-04">04.vi.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="044BBCF1FFAFFFF9FE6AFC4EFDBBFC3D" box="[400,525,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Delvare G.</collectorName>
) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FDD3FC4EFDFCFC3D" box="[553,586,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FDAAFC4EFDC0FC3D" box="[592,630,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">8♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FD7BFC4EFD67FC3D" box="[641,721,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFAFFFF9FF3DFC6AFDD8FBE5" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FF3DFC6AFEE5FC51" box="[199,339,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">NEAR EAST</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="19D6D37AFFAFFFF9FEA5FC6BFDE9FC75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897162310" collectingDate="2006-05-07" collectionCode="CBGP" collectorName="Fallahzaded M." country="Iran" latitude="57.45" location="Kohmare" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" specimenCode="GDEL0378, GDEL0379" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FEA5FC6BFE19FC50" bold="true" box="[351,431,942,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FEA5FC6BFE1DFC50" box="[351,427,942,968]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">IRAN</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FE4FFC6AFD96FC51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FE4FFC6AFD96FC51" box="[437,544,943,969]" country="Iran" latitude="57.45" name="Kohmare" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Kohmare</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CC8ABFE0FFAFFFF9FDD0FC6AFCB0FC51" box="[554,774,942,969]" degrees="57" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" precision="925" value="57.45">29°32’°N 57°27’°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMethod id="70FFA130FFAFFFF9FCEAFC6AFC2CFC51" box="[784,922,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
in
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FC40FC6AFBAEFC51" box="[954,1048,943,969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FC40FC6AFBAEFC51" box="[954,1048,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FB93FC6AFB61FC51" box="[1129,1239,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2006-05-07">
<collectingDate id="CD44060FFFAFFFF9FB93FC6AFB61FC51" box="[1129,1239,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2006-05-07">07.v.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="044BBCF1FFAFFFF9FB1EFC6AFA22FC51" box="[1252,1428,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fallahzaded M.</collectorName>
) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FF58FC16FF72FC75" box="[162,196,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCode id="F918715CFFAFFFF9FF28FC16FEE2FC75" box="[210,340,979,1005]" collectionCode="GDEL" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDEL0378</specimenCode>
&amp;
<specimenCode id="F918715CFFAFFFF9FE82FC16FE48FC75" box="[376,510,979,1005]" collectionCode="GDEL" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">GDEL0379</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FDF3FC16FDE1FC75" box="[521,599,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">CBGP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="19D6D37AFFAFFFF9FD90FC16FD00FB89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897162364" collectingDate="1999-06-16" collectingDateMax="1999-07-12" collectingDateMin="1999-06-16" collectionCode="R, NMS" collectorName="Shaw M." country="Turkey" location="Beynam" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ankara">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FD90FC16FD54FC75" bold="true" box="[618,738,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FD90FC16FD54FC75" box="[618,738,979,1005]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">TURKEY</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FD0AFC17FCFAFC74" bold="true" box="[752,844,978,1004]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFAFFFF9FD0AFC17FCFAFC74" box="[752,844,978,1004]" country="Turkey" name="Ankara" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Ankara</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FCA1FC16FC0DFC75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FCA1FC16FC0DFC75" box="[859,955,979,1005]" country="Turkey" name="Beynam" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Ankara">Beynam</location>
, ex pupa of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FBB9FC16FB76FC75" box="[1091,1216,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
, collect
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FAE7FC16FA2EFC75" box="[1309,1432,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1999-06-16">
<collectingDate id="CD44060FFFAFFFF9FAE7FC16FA2EFC75" box="[1309,1432,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1999-06-16">16.vi.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
, emergence
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FEECFC32FE20FB89" box="[278,406,1015,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1999-07-12">
<collectingDate id="CD44060FFFAFFFF9FEECFC32FE20FB89" box="[278,406,1015,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="1999-07-12">12.vii.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="044BBCF1FFAFFFF9FE5EFC32FDBDFB89" box="[420,523,1015,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Shaw M.</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FDF0FC32FD96FB89" box="[522,544,1015,1041]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">R</collectionCode>
.) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FDC7FC32FDD7FB89" box="[573,609,1015,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FD96FC32FD1BFB89" box="[620,685,1015,1041]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h8hj-4rxx" name="National Museum of Scotland - Natural Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="Museum">NMS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="19D6D37AFFAFFFF9FD3AFC33FB4EFBAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897162328" collectingDate="2019-05-17" collectingDateMax="2019-07-20" collectingDateMin="2019-05-17" collectionCode="BU" collectorName="Kaplan E." country="Turkey" county="Adakli" elevation="1434" location="Karhova" municipality="Genc" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="86" specimenCount-female="81" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Bingol">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FD3AFC33FCB8FB88" bold="true" box="[704,782,1014,1040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFAFFFF9FD3AFC33FCB8FB88" box="[704,782,1014,1040]" country="Turkey" name="Bingol" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bingöl</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="4060A1ABFFAFFFF9FCE0FC32FCDFFB89" box="[794,873,1015,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Adakli</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4965435DFFAFFFF9FC89FC32FC07FB89" box="[883,945,1015,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Genç</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FC46FC32FBA9FB89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FC46FC32FBA9FB89" box="[956,1055,1015,1041]" country="Turkey" county="Adakli" municipality="Genc" name="Karhova" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Bingol">Karhova</location>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FBD3FC33FBE8FB89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FBD3FC33FBE8FB89" box="[1065,1118,1014,1041]" country="Turkey" county="Adakli" municipality="Genc" name="Kidi" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Bingol">Kiði</location>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FB92FC32FB76FB89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FB92FC32FB76FB89" box="[1128,1216,1015,1041]" country="Turkey" county="Adakli" municipality="Genc" name="Merkez" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Bingol">Merkez</location>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FB31FC32FAAAFB89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FB31FC32FAAAFB89" box="[1227,1308,1015,1041]" country="Turkey" county="Adakli" municipality="Genc" name="Solhan" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Bingol">Solhan</location>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FADFFC32FA2EFB89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FADFFC32FA2EFB89" box="[1317,1432,1015,1041]" country="Turkey" county="Adakli" municipality="Genc" name="Yayladere" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Bingol">Yayladere</location>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FF6DFBDEFF51FBAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FF6DFBDEFF51FBAD" box="[151,231,1051,1077]" country="Turkey" county="Adakli" municipality="Genc" name="Yedisu" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Bingol">Yedisu</location>
,
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFAFFFF9FF0CFBDFFE33FBAD" box="[246,389,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.434" metricValueMax="1.893" metricValueMin="0.975" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="1434.0" valueMax="1893.0" valueMin="975.0">
<elevation id="22933E14FFAFFFF9FF0CFBDFFE33FBAD" box="[246,389,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.434" metricValueMax="1.893" metricValueMin="0.975" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="1434.0" valueMax="1893.0" valueMin="975.0">975-1893 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="DD00FFE7FFAFFFF9FE6FFBDEFDE4FBAD" box="[405,594,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2019-05-17" valueMax="2019-07-20" valueMin="2019-05-17">
<collectingDate id="CD44060FFFAFFFF9FE6FFBDEFDE4FBAD" box="[405,594,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2019-05-17" valueMax="2019-07-20" valueMin="2019-05-17">17.v-20.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, on flowers of various plants (
<collectorName id="044BBCF1FFAFFFF9FC45FBDEFB83FBAD" box="[959,1077,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Kaplan E.</collectorName>
) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FBAEFBDEFB32FBAD" box="[1108,1156,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">81♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FB6AFBDFFB02FBAD" box="[1168,1204,1050,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FB3FFBDEFB46FBAD" box="[1221,1264,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">BU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="19D6D37AFFAFFFF9FAF2FBDFFDDCFBE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3897162323" collectionCode="BU" collectorName="Kaplan E." country="Turkey" county="Dicle" elevation="973" location="Ergani" municipality="Edil" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="83" specimenCount-female="80" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Diyarbakar">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FAF2FBDFFA22FBAC" bold="true" box="[1288,1428,1050,1076]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<collectingRegion id="6B7A17C5FFAFFFF9FAF2FBDFFA22FBAC" box="[1288,1428,1050,1076]" country="Turkey" name="Diyarbakar" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Diyarbakar</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Ҫermik, Ҫinar, Ҫüngüs,
<collectingCounty id="4060A1ABFFAFFFF9FE53FBFAFE5EFBC1" box="[425,488,1087,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Dicle</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4965435DFFAFFFF9FE0EFBFBFD93FBC1" box="[500,549,1086,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Eðil</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FDCBFBFAFDC8FBC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FDCBFBFAFDC8FBC1" box="[561,638,1087,1113]" country="Turkey" county="Dicle" municipality="Edil" name="Ergani" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Diyarbakar">Ergani</location>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FD73FBFAFD74FBC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FD73FBFAFD74FBC1" box="[649,706,1087,1113]" country="Turkey" county="Dicle" municipality="Edil" name="Hani" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Diyarbakar">Hani</location>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FD34FBFAFCA3FBC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FD34FBFAFCA3FBC1" box="[718,789,1087,1113]" country="Turkey" county="Dicle" municipality="Edil" name="Hazro" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Diyarbakar">Hazro</location>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FCDAFBFAFC3EFBC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FCDAFBFAFC3EFBC1" box="[800,904,1087,1113]" country="Turkey" county="Dicle" municipality="Edil" name="Kokakoy" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Diyarbakar">Kokaköy</location>
,
<location id="AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FC69FBFAFC78FBC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21176831FFADFFE3FF6DF975FBB5FA7D:AC618FFCFFAFFFF9FC69FBFAFC78FBC1" box="[915,974,1087,1113]" country="Turkey" county="Dicle" municipality="Edil" name="Kulp" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Diyarbakar">Kulp</location>
,
<collectorName id="044BBCF1FFAFFFF9FC20FBFAFBB9FBC1" box="[986,1039,1087,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Lice</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="044BBCF1FFAFFFF9FBE0FBFAFBD2FBC1" box="[1050,1124,1087,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Silvan</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="6E4674C2FFAFFFF9FB8AFBFBFB4CFBC1" box="[1136,1274,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.725" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="5.45" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="972.5" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="545.0">
<elevation id="22933E14FFAFFFF9FB8AFBFBFB4CFBC1" box="[1136,1274,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.725" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="5.45" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="972.5" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="545.0">545-1400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, on flowers of various plants (
<collectorName id="044BBCF1FFAFFFF9FEB8FBA6FE02FBE5" box="[322,436,1123,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Kaplan E.</collectorName>
) (
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FE37FBA6FE49FBE5" box="[461,511,1123,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="female">80♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="BFB812AEFFAFFFF9FDFFFBA6FD9DFBE5" box="[517,555,1123,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="CFAF41E2FFAFFFF9FDCCFBA6FDD7FBE5" box="[566,609,1123,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">BU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1A48AACFFAFFFF9FF3DFB43FECAF845" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="description">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFAFFFF9FF3DFB43FF50F991" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FF3DFB43FEE7FB38" bold="true" box="[199,337,1158,1184]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Description</emphasis>
. FEMALE. See relevant parts above relative to
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FC82FB42FC70FB39" box="[888,966,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FC82FB42FC70FB39" box="[888,966,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group characters. Characters that distinguish females of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FE65FB6EFDA6FB5D" box="[415,528,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FE65FB6EFDA6FB5D" box="[415,528,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FDA0FB6EFD53FB5C" authorityName="Delvare &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2022" box="[602,741,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygaenae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FDA0FB6EFD53FB5C" box="[602,741,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">B. zygaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include: mesepisternum with adscrobal area not completely areolate, with a smooth surface in front of femoral depression, which is either smooth or partly strigose (
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFAFFFF9FACEFB0AFA38FB71" box="[1332,1422,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 8" captionStartId="15.[152,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 8A–H. Comparative characters of B. tibialis and B. zygaenae. 8A–D, B. tibialis, ♀. 8E–H, Brachymeria zygaenae, holotype ♀. 8A and 8E, mesopleuron in lateral view with adscrobal area enlarged; 8B and 8F, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged; 8C and 8G, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus; 8D and 8H, hind pretarsus. Abbreviation: fc, falcate seta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033984/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
); metacoxa with well expanded inner ventral tooth (
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFAFFFF9FD2FFB36FC99FA95" box="[725,815,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 8" captionStartId="15.[152,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 8A–H. Comparative characters of B. tibialis and B. zygaenae. 8A–D, B. tibialis, ♀. 8E–H, Brachymeria zygaenae, holotype ♀. 8A and 8E, mesopleuron in lateral view with adscrobal area enlarged; 8B and 8F, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged; 8C and 8G, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus; 8D and 8H, hind pretarsus. Abbreviation: fc, falcate seta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033984/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
); metafemur more slender, about 1.8× as long as wide and sparsely punctulate, the interspaces larger than the diameter of the punctures (
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFAFFFF9FBD6FAD2FB32FAA9" box="[1068,1156,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 8" captionStartId="15.[152,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 8A–H. Comparative characters of B. tibialis and B. zygaenae. 8A–D, B. tibialis, ♀. 8E–H, Brachymeria zygaenae, holotype ♀. 8A and 8E, mesopleuron in lateral view with adscrobal area enlarged; 8B and 8F, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged; 8C and 8G, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus; 8D and 8H, hind pretarsus. Abbreviation: fc, falcate seta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033984/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
), the dorsal margin more strongly curved than ventral margin, and basal teeth on ventral margin not much projecting and with base broader than the following ones; metatibia somewhat thickened mesally (its dorsal margin more convex than the ventral one) (
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFAFFFF9FF20FA46FE87FA05" box="[218,305,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 8" captionStartId="15.[152,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 8A–H. Comparative characters of B. tibialis and B. zygaenae. 8A–D, B. tibialis, ♀. 8E–H, Brachymeria zygaenae, holotype ♀. 8A and 8E, mesopleuron in lateral view with adscrobal area enlarged; 8B and 8F, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged; 8C and 8G, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus; 8D and 8H, hind pretarsus. Abbreviation: fc, falcate seta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033984/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
) and with edge of apical truncation straight (
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFAFFFF9FCCFFA46FC39FA05" box="[821,911,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 8" captionStartId="15.[152,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 8A–H. Comparative characters of B. tibialis and B. zygaenae. 8A–D, B. tibialis, ♀. 8E–H, Brachymeria zygaenae, holotype ♀. 8A and 8E, mesopleuron in lateral view with adscrobal area enlarged; 8B and 8F, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged; 8C and 8G, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus; 8D and 8H, hind pretarsus. Abbreviation: fc, falcate seta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033984/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
); hind tarsus incrassate, 3.4× as long as width of metatibia (
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFAFFFF9FED4FA62FE31FA59" box="[302,391,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 8" captionStartId="15.[152,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 8A–H. Comparative characters of B. tibialis and B. zygaenae. 8A–D, B. tibialis, ♀. 8E–H, Brachymeria zygaenae, holotype ♀. 8A and 8E, mesopleuron in lateral view with adscrobal area enlarged; 8B and 8F, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged; 8C and 8G, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus; 8D and 8H, hind pretarsus. Abbreviation: fc, falcate seta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033984/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
); hind pretarsus with falcate seta lanceolate, somewhat broadening apically (
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFAFFFF9FB12FA62FAF5FA59" box="[1256,1347,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 8" captionStartId="15.[152,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,181,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 8A–H. Comparative characters of B. tibialis and B. zygaenae. 8A–D, B. tibialis, ♀. 8E–H, Brachymeria zygaenae, holotype ♀. 8A and 8E, mesopleuron in lateral view with adscrobal area enlarged; 8B and 8F, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged; 8C and 8G, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus; 8D and 8H, hind pretarsus. Abbreviation: fc, falcate seta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033984/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
); tegula and legs with light parts pale instead of bright yellow; propodeum without a postspiracular projection on the setose region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFAFFFF9FF3DF9D6FDF2F9C9" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
MALE. Spatulate setae absent or present in very small number (2 or 3) on F1, present only on F2‒F5 their number decreasing from F2 (
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFAFFFF9FE27F9F2FD81F9C9" box="[477,567,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 9" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 9A–F. Comparative characters of B. tibialis and B. zygaenae. 9A–C, B. tibialis, ♂. 9D–F, Brachymeria zygaenae, paratype ♂. 8A and 8D, antennal flagellum with base enlarged; 8B and 8E, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged; 8C and 8F, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033987/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFAFFFF9FF3DF99FFECAF845" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FF3DF99FFE5BF9EC" bold="true" box="[199,493,1626,1652]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Morphological variation</emphasis>
. The same variation in the sculpture of different parts of the body was seen as in
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FF6DF9BAFE97F900" authorityName="Delvare &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,289,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygaenae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FF6DF9BAFE97F900" box="[151,289,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">B. zygaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the punctulation of the metafemur is also somewhat variable, in some specimens approaching the condition exhibited by
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FE63F966FDA9F924" authorityName="Delvare &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2022" box="[409,543,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygaenae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FE63F966FDA9F924" box="[409,543,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">B. zygaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. An outstanding variation in colour was found, mostly in the southern part of its distribution area (
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FEA3F902FE75F979" box="[345,451,1735,1761]" name="Morocco" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FE36F902FDAAF979" box="[460,540,1735,1761]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FDB5F902FDC8F979" box="[591,638,1735,1761]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Iran</collectingCountry>
) but rarely also in southern
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FC55F902FC49F979" box="[943,1023,1735,1761]" name="France" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">France</collectingCountry>
. In most cases this concerns the black part of the hind leg being reduced in comparison with the usual situation (
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFAFFFF9FC1BF92EFBFFF89D" box="[993,1097,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 11" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[178,1395,203,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[151,1435,181,1567]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 11A–D. Phenotypes of Brachymeria tibialis. 11A–C, B. tibialis ♀ from Morocco, Moyen Atlas, phenotype rufofemorata. 11D, B. tibialis ♀ from Iran, phenotype turkestanica. 11A, habitus in dorsal view; 11B, metasoma in lateral view; 10C and 10D, hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033991/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
); it corresponds to the
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FAB4F92EFE97F8B1" authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="intermedia" variety="turkestanica">
variety
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FF6DF8CAFE97F8B1" box="[151,289,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">turkestanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, found in
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FE6BF8CAFE08F8B1" box="[401,446,1807,1833]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Iran</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FE0BF8CAFDF5F8B1" box="[497,579,1807,1833]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Turkey</collectingCountry>
. On the other hand, the black colour may be replaced by red or reddish, which corresponds to the
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FE97F8F6FDE1F8D5" box="[365,599,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="intermedia" variety="rufofemorata">
variety
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FE39F8F6FDE1F8D5" box="[451,599,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">rufofemorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FD3EF8F6FC9AF8D5" box="[708,812,1843,1869]" name="Morocco" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, rarely in southern
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FBFCF8F6FBE3F8D5" box="[1030,1109,1843,1869]" name="France" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">France</collectingCountry>
, and frequently in
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FAD2F8F6FACCF8D5" box="[1320,1402,1843,1869]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Turkey</collectingCountry>
. In one extreme variation concerning a female from
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FD4FF892FCACF8E9" box="[693,794,1879,1905]" name="Morocco" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Morocco</collectingCountry>
the entire meso- and metasoma were dark red (
<figureCitation id="3185C5A2FFAFFFF9FADDF892FF1BF80D" captionStart="FIGURES 11" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[178,1395,203,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[151,1435,181,1567]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 11A–D. Phenotypes of Brachymeria tibialis. 11A–C, B. tibialis ♀ from Morocco, Moyen Atlas, phenotype rufofemorata. 11D, B. tibialis ♀ from Iran, phenotype turkestanica. 11A, habitus in dorsal view; 11B, metasoma in lateral view; 10C and 10D, hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033991/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Figs 11A– C</figureCitation>
). In the southeast of
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFAFFFF9FE6FF8BEFE53F80D" box="[405,485,1915,1941]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Turkey</collectingCountry>
the three phenotypes, the classical
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAFFFF9FC95F8BEFC0BF80D" box="[879,957,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FC95F8BEFC0BF80D" box="[879,957,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FC31F8BEFBE3F80D" box="[971,1109,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">turkestanica</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAFFFF9FB76F8BEFA96F80D" box="[1164,1312,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">rufofemorata</emphasis>
, were seen in samples collected at the same places and time, which strongly suggests that they represent individual variation of no taxonomic value.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="FDC189AFFFAEFFF8FF62F8B4FA21F849" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7033984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033984/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" startId="15.[152,270,1905,1929]" targetBox="[151,1434,181,1881]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFAEFFF8FF62F8B4FA21F849" blockId="15.[151,1436,1905,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FF62F8B4FEE2F811" bold="true" box="[152,340,1905,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">FIGURES 8A–H</emphasis>
. Comparative characters of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAEFFF8FD8BF8B7FD65F811" box="[625,723,1905,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FD8BF8B7FD65F811" box="[625,723,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAEFFF8FCFEF8B7FCC8F811" authorityName="Delvare &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2022" box="[772,894,1906,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygaenae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FCFEF8B7FCC8F811" box="[772,894,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">B. zygaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FC70F8B4FC7EF811" bold="true" box="[906,968,1905,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8A–D</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAEFFF8FC2FF8B7FB81F811" box="[981,1079,1905,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FC2FF8B7FB81F811" box="[981,1079,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♀.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FB99F8B4FB17F811" bold="true" box="[1123,1185,1905,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8E–H</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFAEFFF8FB57F8B4FA20F811" authorityName="Delvare &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2022" box="[1197,1430,1905,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygaenae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FB57F8B4FA20F811" box="[1197,1430,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Brachymeria zygaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype ♀.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FEE6F850FE8DF835" bold="true" box="[284,315,1941,1965]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8A</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FE89F850FE26F835" bold="true" box="[371,400,1941,1965]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8E</emphasis>
, mesopleuron in lateral view with adscrobal area enlarged;
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FBF0F850FB91F835" bold="true" box="[1034,1063,1941,1965]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8B</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FBA5F850FBCDF835" bold="true" box="[1119,1147,1941,1965]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8F</emphasis>
, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged;
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FE95F87CFE38F849" bold="true" box="[367,398,1977,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8C</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FE3AF87CFE56F849" bold="true" box="[448,480,1977,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8G</emphasis>
, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus;
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FCB0F87CFCDFF849" bold="true" box="[842,873,1977,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8D</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FC60F87CFC0CF849" bold="true" box="[922,954,1977,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8H</emphasis>
, hind pretarsus.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FB98F87CFB47F849" bold="true" box="[1122,1265,1977,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Abbreviation</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFAEFFF8FB05F87CFAA5F849" bold="true" box="[1279,1299,1977,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">fc</emphasis>
, falcate seta.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDC189AFFFB1FFE7FF62F884FDF4F839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7033987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033987/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" startId="16.[152,270,1857,1881]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1833]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB1FFE7FF62F884FDF4F839" blockId="16.[151,1436,1857,1953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FF62F884FEF9F8C1" bold="true" box="[152,335,1857,1881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">FIGURES 9A–F</emphasis>
. Comparative characters of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB1FFE7FD95F887FD67F8C1" box="[623,721,1857,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FD95F887FD67F8C1" box="[623,721,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB1FFE7FCF9F887FCCBF8C1" authorityName="Delvare &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2022" box="[771,893,1858,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygaenae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FCF9F887FCCBF8C1" box="[771,893,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">B. zygaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FC71F884FC7EF8C1" bold="true" box="[907,968,1857,1881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">9A–C</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB1FFE7FC2FF887FB8EF8C1" box="[981,1080,1857,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FC2FF887FB8EF8C1" box="[981,1080,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♂.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FB9FF884FB16F8C1" bold="true" box="[1125,1184,1857,1881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">9D–F</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB1FFE7FB57F884FA20F8C1" authorityName="Delvare &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2022" box="[1197,1430,1857,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygaenae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FB57F884FA20F8C1" box="[1197,1430,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Brachymeria zygaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype ♂.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FEEFF8A0FE82F8E5" bold="true" box="[277,308,1893,1917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">8A</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FE9FF8A0FE32F8E5" bold="true" box="[357,388,1893,1917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">8D</emphasis>
, antennal flagellum with base enlarged;
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FCDAF8A0FC88F8E5" bold="true" box="[800,830,1893,1917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">8B</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FC95F8A0FC3AF8E5" bold="true" box="[879,908,1893,1917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">8E</emphasis>
, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged;
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FA87F8A0FA2AF8E5" bold="true" box="[1405,1436,1893,1917]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">8C</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB1FFE7FF38F84CFF68F839" bold="true" box="[194,222,1929,1953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">8F</emphasis>
, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDC189AFFFB0FFE6FF62F8B4FD56F86D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7033989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033989/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" startId="17.[152,270,1905,1929]" targetBox="[184,1434,196,1851]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB0FFE6FF62F8B4FD56F86D" blockId="17.[151,1437,1905,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FF62F8B4FEEEF811" bold="true" box="[152,344,1905,1929]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">FIGURES 10A–I</emphasis>
. Characters of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB0FFE6FE01F8B7FDC1F811" authorityName="Delvare &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2022" box="[507,631,1906,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygaenae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FE01F8B7FDC1F811" box="[507,631,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">B. zygaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FD7CF8B4FD66F811" bold="true" box="[646,720,1905,1929]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10A–E</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB0FFE6FD25F8B4FC7CF811" authorityName="Delvare &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2022" box="[735,970,1905,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygaenae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FD25F8B4FC7CF811" box="[735,970,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Brachymeria zygaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype ♀.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FBA6F8B4FB2AF811" bold="true" box="[1116,1180,1905,1929]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10F–I</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB0FFE6FB51F8B4FA20F811" authorityName="Delvare &amp; Shaw" authorityYear="2022" box="[1195,1430,1905,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zygaenae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FB51F8B4FA20F811" box="[1195,1430,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Brachymeria zygaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, special phenotype from southern Morocco:
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FDA9F850FD2AF835" bold="true" box="[595,668,1941,1965]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10F–G</emphasis>
, ♀,
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FD32F850FCBAF835" bold="true" box="[712,780,1941,1965]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10H–I</emphasis>
, ♂.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FCC3F850FCD3F835" bold="true" box="[825,869,1941,1965]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10A</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FC6CF850FC76F835" bold="true" box="[918,960,1941,1965]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10B</emphasis>
, head, respectively in dorsal and lateral views;
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FF6DF87CFF75F849" bold="true" box="[151,195,1977,2001]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10D</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FF09F87CFEABF849" bold="true" box="[243,285,1977,2001]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10E</emphasis>
,. propodeum, respectively in posterior and laterodorsal views;
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FC6CF87CFC09F849" bold="true" box="[918,959,1977,2001]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10F</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FC15F87CFBAAF849" bold="true" box="[1007,1052,1977,2001]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10H</emphasis>
, hind leg with sculpture of metafemur enlarged;
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FF01F818FE9EF86D" bold="true" box="[251,296,2013,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10G</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB0FFE6FEA0F818FECBF86D" bold="true" box="[346,381,2013,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">10I</emphasis>
, apex of metatibia and hind tarsus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDC189AFFFB3FFE5FF62F9F2FE30F90F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7033991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033991/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" startId="18.[152,270,1591,1615]" targetBox="[178,1395,203,1527]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB3FFE5FF62F9F2FE30F90F" blockId="18.[151,1437,1591,1687]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FF62F9F2FED5F9D7" bold="true" box="[152,355,1591,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">FIGURES 11A–D</emphasis>
. Phenotypes of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FDEDF9F2FD5BF9D7" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[535,749,1591,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FDEDF9F2FD5BF9D7" box="[535,749,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Brachymeria tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FCFAF9F2FCFFF9D7" bold="true" box="[768,841,1591,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">11A–C</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FCA1F9FDFC75F9D7" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[859,963,1591,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FCA1F9FDFC75F9D7" box="[859,963,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
♀ from Morocco, Moyen Atlas, phenotype
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FF6DF99EFEABF9EB" box="[151,285,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">rufofemorata</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FED3F99EFEE5F9EB" bold="true" box="[297,339,1627,1651]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">11D</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FEA5F999FE77F9EB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[351,449,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FEA5F999FE77F9EB" box="[351,449,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
♀ from Iran, phenotype
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FD41F99EFC9AF9EB" box="[699,812,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">turkestanic</emphasis>
a.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FCB9F99EFCDBF9EB" bold="true" box="[835,877,1627,1651]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">11A</emphasis>
, habitus in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FB9EF99EFB3BF9EB" bold="true" box="[1124,1165,1627,1651]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">11B</emphasis>
, metasoma in lateral view;
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FF6DF9BAFF75F90F" bold="true" box="[151,195,1663,1687]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">10C</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FF0EF9BAFE96F90F" bold="true" box="[244,288,1663,1687]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">10D</emphasis>
, hind leg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E1A48AACFFB3FFE5FF3DF900FAC8F8F7" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB3FFE5FF3DF900FAC8F8F7" blockId="18.[151,1437,1733,2012]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FF3DF900FEEFF947" bold="true" box="[199,345,1733,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Distribution</emphasis>
. In addition to the countries given under ‘Material examined’ the species has been recorded from several others. Its distribution extends from North Africa to the North of
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFB3FFE5FC41F92CFC43F89B" box="[955,1013,1769,1795]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">India</collectingCountry>
(Kashmir) through the Iberian, Italian and Balkan Peninsulas, Western and Central Europe,
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFB3FFE5FCFFF8C8FCDEF8BF" box="[773,872,1805,1831]" name="Turkey" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFB3FFE5FC8DF8C8FC74F8BF" box="[887,962,1805,1831]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Russia</collectingCountry>
and SW Asia. The species is apparently absent from
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFB3FFE5FEDCF8F7FE0BF8D3" box="[294,445,1841,1868]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
, Scandinavia, the Arabian Peninsula and
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFB3FFE5FC69F8F7FC60F8D4" box="[915,982,1842,1868]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FC18F8F4FB7CF8D3" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[994,1226,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FC18F8F4FB7CF8D3" box="[994,1226,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Brachymeria tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was introduced to North America in the first half of the 20th century for the control of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FC69F893FBE0F8F7" authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1923" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[915,1110,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FC69F893FBE0F8F7" box="[915,1110,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Lymantria dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FB9EF890FB78F8F7" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1124,1230,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FB22F890FAC5F8F7" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1893" box="[1240,1395,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lymantriinae">Lymantriinae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1A48AACFFB3FFE3FF3DF8BFFBB5FA7D" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB3FFE4FF3DF8BFFDCCFE35" blockId="18.[151,1437,1733,2012]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="420" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FF3DF8BFFE1FF80B" bold="true" box="[199,425,1913,1940]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Hosts and biology</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FE44F8BCFD1AF80B" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[446,684,1913,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB3FFE5FE44F8BCFD1AF80B" box="[446,684,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Brachymeria tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran pupae (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB3FFE5FAE4F8BFFEFAF820" author="Burgess, A. F. &amp; Crossman, S. S." pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref17368" refString="Burgess, A. F. &amp; Crossman, S. S. (1929) Imported insect enemies of the gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 86, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1929">Burgess &amp; Crossman 1929</bibRefCitation>
). The recorded hosts are summarized in
<tableCitation id="E43CEC9CFFB3FFE5FCDAF858FCC0F820" box="[800,886,1949,1976]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="20.[152,244,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[151,1324,1679,1992]" captionText="TABLE 1. Hosts of Brachymeria species of the tibialis species group. Lepidoptera hosts are summarized first by family in alphabetical order, followed by other Orders. Doubtful or erroneous citations are indicated by an *, relevant comments are in the part ‘Hosts’ of the text." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FDC189AFFFB5FFE3FF62F9D1FE4EF9EC" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" tableUuid="FDC189AFFFB5FFE3FF62F9D1FE4EF9EC">Table 1</tableCitation>
. The host families cited only a single time may be doubtful, especially
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FE65F804FD0CF844" authority="(Madl 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Madl" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[415,698,1985,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Gelechiidae (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB3FFE5FDCEF804FD04F844" author="Madl, M." box="[564,690,1985,2012]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="69 - 80" refId="ref21512" refString="Madl, M. (2008) Zur Kenntnis der Familie Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Osterreich. Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 29, 69 - 80." type="journal article" year="2008">Madl 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FD0BF804FBEDF844" authority="(Thomson 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[753,1115,1985,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Depressariidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Depressariidae (Thomson 1954)</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE5FB7BF804FABDF843" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1153,1291,1985,2011]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB3FFE4FAEDF804FE91FF29" authority="(Madl 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Madl" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="420" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Diprionidae (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FF65FF52FEA9FF29" author="Madl, M." box="[159,287,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="69 - 80" refId="ref21512" refString="Madl, M. (2008) Zur Kenntnis der Familie Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Osterreich. Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 29, 69 - 80." type="journal article" year="2008">Madl 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FEB5FF52FE5CFF29" box="[335,490,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FE0DFF52FD17FF29" box="[503,673,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
(Nanu
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FD03FF52FC82FF29" box="[761,820,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al.</emphasis>
1980;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FC7EFF52FB8CFF29" author="Andriescu, I." box="[900,1082,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="259 - 263" refId="ref16386" refString="Andriescu, I. (1988) The family Chalcididae in Rumania, a faunistic, biogeographical and economic study. In: Gupta, V. (Ed.), Advances in Parasitic Hymenoptera Research. Proceedings of the II Conference on the Taxonomy and Biology of Parasitic Hymenoptera. Brill, Leiden New york, pp. 259 - 263." type="book chapter" year="1988">Andriescu 1988</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FB87FF52FF6FFF4D" authority="(Georgiev 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Georgiev" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Sarcophagidae (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FAC9FF52FF66FF4D" author="Georgiev, G. T." pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="57 - 64" refId="ref19543" refString="Georgiev, G. T. (1996) Bioecological peculiarities of the parasitoids on the late stage larvae and pupae of the satin moth (Stilpnotia salicis L., Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Bulgaria. Nauka za Gorata, 33 (3), 57 - 64." type="journal article" year="1996">Georgiev 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FF07FF7EFEE3FF4D" box="[253,341,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
. The other
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FE29FF7EFD91FF4D" box="[467,551,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
cited (all
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FD62FF7EFCA2FF4D" box="[664,788,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
) were reared in laboratory culture, never recovered in the field;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FF20FF1AFE3AFF61" author="Dowden, P. B." box="[218,396,222,249]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="495 - 523" refId="ref19050" refString="Dowden, P. B. (1935) Brachymeria intermedia (Nees), a primary parasite, and B. compsilurae (Cwfd.), a secondary parasite, of gypsy moth. Journal of Agricultural Research, 50 (6), 495 - 523." type="journal article" year="1935">Dowden (1935)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that the parasitism was constrained and thus artificial in those cases. Parasitism of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FF42FEC6FE17FE85" baseAuthorityName="Helfer" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[184,417,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Cricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifenestrata">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FF42FEC6FE17FE85" box="[184,417,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Cricula trifenestrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is erroneous according to the images provided by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FC11FEC6FB2EFE85" author="Tikader, A." box="[1003,1176,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="222 - 225" refId="ref24036" refString="Tikader, A. (2012) New record of Brachymeria tibialis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on Cricula trifenestrata (Helfer) from India. Munis Entomology &amp; Zoology, 7 (1), 222 - 225." type="journal article" year="2012">Tikader (2012)</bibRefCitation>
, which are those of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FA7EFEC6FEF3FED9" authority="(Kohl)" baseAuthorityName="Kohl" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="criculae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FA7EFEC6FF45FED9" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">B. criculae</emphasis>
(Kohl)
</taxonomicName>
a well-known parasitoid of that
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FD4CFEE2FC8FFED9" box="[694,825,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saturniidae</taxonomicName>
. Finally, the
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FC30FEE2FB03FED9" box="[970,1205,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FC30FEE2FBEAFED9" box="[970,1116,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Brachymeria</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
quoted by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FACEFEE2FF54FEFD" author="Sacharov, N." pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refId="ref23064" refString="Sacharov, N. (1913) On the pests of mustard. Astrachan Horticultural, Market gardeners' and Agricultural Society, s. n., 5 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1913">Sacharov (1913)</bibRefCitation>
as a parasitoid of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FE4BFE8EFD8BFEFC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[433,573,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rapae">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FE4BFE8EFD8BFEFC" box="[433,573,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Pieris rapae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FD8FFE8EFC99FEFD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[629,815,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daplidice">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FD8FFE8EFC99FEFD" box="[629,815,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Pontia daplidice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is certainly
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FC41FE8EFB1FFEFD" authority="(Panzer)" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[955,1193,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FC41FE8EFBF6FEFD" box="[955,1088,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">B. femorata</emphasis>
(Panzer)
</taxonomicName>
, a frequent parasitoid of these
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FF02FEAAFEE1FE11" box="[248,343,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
; at that time it was mixed with
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FD44FEAAFC9AFE11" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[702,812,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FD44FEAAFC9AFE11" box="[702,812,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
before
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FC79FEAAFBBBFE11" author="Masi, L." box="[899,1037,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="54 - 122" refId="ref21791" refString="Masi, L. (1916) Materiali per una fauna dell'Arcipelago Toscana. XI. Calcididi del Giglio. Prima serie: Toryminae, Leucospidinae, Chalcidinae, Eurytominae partim. (Tav. XII). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 47, 54 - 122." type="journal article" year="1916">Masi (1916)</bibRefCitation>
and then
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FB84FEAAFA87FE11" author="Ruschka, F." box="[1150,1329,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref23036" refString="Ruschka, F. (1922) Chalcididen studien. III. Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Chalcis Fabr. Konowia, 1, 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="1922">Ruschka (1922)</bibRefCitation>
provided characters for recognizing them as distinct.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FDC189AFFFB2FFE4FF62FAA3FEA6FA5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7033993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7033993/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" startId="19.[152,270,1382,1406]" targetBox="[151,1410,465,1347]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB2FFE4FF62FAA3FEA6FA5E" blockId="19.[151,1437,1382,1478]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FF62FAA3FEEAFAE6" bold="true" box="[152,348,1382,1406]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">FIGURES 12A-E</emphasis>
. Labelling of the primary types of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FD3EFAA3FC23FAE6" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[708,917,1382,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FD3EFAA3FC23FAE6" box="[708,917,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Brachymeria tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its synonyms.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FBA1FAA3FBC2FAE6" bold="true" box="[1115,1140,1382,1406]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">A,</emphasis>
lectotype of
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FB01FAA3FA2BFAE6" box="[1275,1437,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FB01FAA3FA2CFAE6" box="[1275,1434,1382,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Chalcis tibialis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FF6DFA4FFF18FA3A" bold="true" box="[151,174,1418,1442]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">B.</emphasis>
Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FEC7FA4FFDA2FA3A" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1834" box="[317,532,1418,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FEC7FA4FFDA2FA3A" box="[317,532,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Chalcis distinguenda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FDDBFA4FFD8FFA3A" bold="true" box="[545,569,1418,1442]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">C.</emphasis>
Lectotype of
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FD32FA4FFC24FA3A" box="[712,914,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FD32FA4FFC38FA3A" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1859" box="[712,910,1418,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scirropoda">Chalcis scirropoda</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FC6DFA4FFC06FA3A" bold="true" box="[919,944,1418,1442]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">D.</emphasis>
Type of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FBF1FA4FFB2BFA3A" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[1035,1181,1418,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boops">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FBF1FA4FFB2BFA3A" box="[1035,1181,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Chalcis boops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FB53FA4FFB76FA3A" bold="true" box="[1193,1216,1418,1442]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">E.</emphasis>
Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FAB5FA4FFEBAFA5E" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quettaensis">Chalcis quettaensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB2FFE4FF3DFA30FAA9F9CE" blockId="19.[151,1437,1524,2019]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
In most of the papers the parasitoid is mentioned as
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FCE2FA30FC07F996" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[792,945,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FCE2FA30FC07F996" box="[792,945,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">B. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
even after its synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FAF0FA30FACEF996" box="[1290,1400,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FAF0FA30FACEF996" box="[1290,1400,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FF6DF9DDFEF3F9AA" author="Boucek, Z." box="[151,325,1560,1586]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="49 - 117" refId="ref17338" refString="Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 53, 49 - 117." type="journal article" year="1992">Bouček (1992)</bibRefCitation>
. In our list, two lepidopteran families are predominant,
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FC2EF9DDFBF8F9AA" box="[980,1102,1560,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
(17 hosts) and
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FAF3F9DDFADBF9AA" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1289,1389,1560,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
(14 hosts), which possibly is a result of a bias towards moths of economic importance or as pests of forests.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB2FFE3FF3DF9A5FC3DFDA5" blockId="19.[151,1437,1524,2019]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,1509]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
Largely because of interest in using the species for the control of invasive
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FC17F9A5FB34F9E2" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1893" box="[1005,1154,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lymantriinae">Lymantriinae</taxonomicName>
such as
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FB26F9A4FA2BF9E2" authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1923" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1244,1437,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FB26F9A4FA2BF9E2" box="[1244,1437,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Lymantria dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
North America, there is a large body of literature on various aspects of the biology of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB2FFE4FBA0F940FB71F906" box="[1114,1223,1668,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FBA0F940FB71F906" box="[1114,1223,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is certainly the most frequently studied chalcidid species and may figure as a model for the family. Its biology was particularly extensively researched by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FE33F909FDCBF97F" author="Dowden, P. B." box="[457,637,1740,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="495 - 523" refId="ref19050" refString="Dowden, P. B. (1935) Brachymeria intermedia (Nees), a primary parasite, and B. compsilurae (Cwfd.), a secondary parasite, of gypsy moth. Journal of Agricultural Research, 50 (6), 495 - 523." type="journal article" year="1935">Dowden (1935)</bibRefCitation>
and has been summarised by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FC25F909FB13F97E" author="Villemant, C." box="[991,1189,1740,1766]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="1 - 220" refId="ref24238" refString="Villemant, C. (1989) Ennemis des chenilles et des chrysalides. In: Fraval, A., Graf, P., Hamdaoui M., Kadiri Z., Ramzi H. &amp; Villemant, C. (Eds.), Lymantria dispar au Maroc. Actes Editions, Rabat, pp. 1 - 220. Available from: http: // www. insectes. xyz / ld-m-en 2. htm # Bi" type="book chapter" year="1989">Villemant (1989)</bibRefCitation>
. Seasonal occurrence was studied in the
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFB2FFE4FE97F935FE15F892" box="[365,419,1776,1802]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">USA</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FE2AF935FCA6F892" author="Kerguelen, V. &amp; Carde, R. T." box="[464,784,1776,1802]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref20608" refString="Kerguelen, V. &amp; Carde, R. T. (1997 a) Seasonal occurrence of Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), a parasitoid of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in western Massachusetts. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 104 (1 - 2), 89 - 94." type="journal article" year="1997">Kerguelen &amp; Cardé (1997a)</bibRefCitation>
. It is plurivoltine with two or three generations occurring each year, the last generation hibernating at the adult stage under bark or inside the litter (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FB52F8D1FF64F8CA" author="Burgess, A. F. &amp; Crossman, S. S." pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref17368" refString="Burgess, A. F. &amp; Crossman, S. S. (1929) Imported insect enemies of the gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 86, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1929">Burgess &amp; Crossman 1929</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FF1AF8FDFDA4F8CA" author="Waldvogel, M. G. &amp; Brown, M. W." box="[224,530,1848,1875]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="782" refId="ref24358" refString="Waldvogel, M. G. &amp; Brown, M. W. (1978) An overwintering site of the gypsy moth parasite, Brachymeria intermedia. Environmental Entomology, 7 (5), 782. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 7.5.782" type="journal article" year="1978">Waldvogel &amp; Brown 1978</bibRefCitation>
), sometimes in aggregation (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FCA6F8FDFBB3F8CA" author="Schaefer, P. W." box="[860,1029,1848,1874]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="133 - 135" refId="ref23269" refString="Schaefer, P. W. (1993) Overwintering aggregations of female Brachymeria intermedia | (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Entomological News, 104 (3), 133 - 135." type="journal article" year="1993">Schaefer 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Only the females hibernate as the males die at the end of the summer; they are able to oviposit again after winter even if they had oviposited before (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FF65F845FEE5F802" author="Villemant, C." box="[159,339,1920,1946]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="1 - 220" refId="ref24238" refString="Villemant, C. (1989) Ennemis des chenilles et des chrysalides. In: Fraval, A., Graf, P., Hamdaoui M., Kadiri Z., Ramzi H. &amp; Villemant, C. (Eds.), Lymantria dispar au Maroc. Actes Editions, Rabat, pp. 1 - 220. Available from: http: // www. insectes. xyz / ld-m-en 2. htm # Bi" type="book chapter" year="1989">Villemant 1989</bibRefCitation>
). The female is synovigenic, capable of producing eggs successively. The duration of oviposition activity ranges from 20‒40 days (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FDF2F861FC82F826" author="Burgess, A. F. &amp; Crossman, S. S." box="[520,820,1956,1982]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref17368" refString="Burgess, A. F. &amp; Crossman, S. S. (1929) Imported insect enemies of the gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 86, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1929">Burgess &amp; Crossman 1929</bibRefCitation>
) and starts 2‒3 days after mating (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FB57F861FAE9F826" author="Villemant, C." box="[1197,1375,1956,1982]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="1 - 220" refId="ref24238" refString="Villemant, C. (1989) Ennemis des chenilles et des chrysalides. In: Fraval, A., Graf, P., Hamdaoui M., Kadiri Z., Ramzi H. &amp; Villemant, C. (Eds.), Lymantria dispar au Maroc. Actes Editions, Rabat, pp. 1 - 220. Available from: http: // www. insectes. xyz / ld-m-en 2. htm # Bi" type="book chapter" year="1989">Villemant 1989</bibRefCitation>
). The reproductive system was studied by Barbosa &amp; Frongillo (1979),
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FC88F80DFBD6F87A" author="Barbosa, P. &amp; Martinat, P. &amp; Bennett, R." box="[882,1120,1992,2019]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="215 - 223" refId="ref16898" refString="Barbosa, P., Martinat, P. &amp; Bennett, R. (1986) Consequences of maternal age and host deprivation on the production and development of Brachymeria intermedia and the mortality of its gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) host. Journal of Applied Entomology, 101 (3), 215 - 223." type="journal article" year="1986">
Barbosa
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB2FFE4FC2FF80CFBB3F87A" box="[981,1029,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
. (1986)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB2FFE4FB91F80CFADBF87A" author="Drost, Y. C. &amp; Carde, R. T." box="[1131,1389,1992,2019]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref19166" refString="Drost, Y. C. &amp; Carde, R. T. (1992 a) Use of learned visual cues during habitat location by Brachymeria intermedia. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 64 (3), 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1570 - 7458.1992. tb 01612. x" type="journal article" year="1992">Drost &amp; Cardé (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FF6DFF52FEC5FF29" author="Dindo, M. L. &amp; Gardenghi, G. &amp; Grasso, M." box="[151,371,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="5 - 13" refId="ref18656" refString="Dindo, M. L., Gardenghi, G. &amp; Grasso, M. (1996) Notes on the anatomy and histology of the female reproductive system of Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hymenoptera Chalcididae) reared in vivo and in vitro. Bollettino dell' Istituto di Entomologia &quot; Guido Grandi &quot; della Universita degli Studi di Bologna, 50, 5 - 13." type="journal article" year="1996">
Dindo
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FF1FFF52FEA8FF29" box="[229,286,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
(1996)
</bibRefCitation>
. The female shows behavioral and physiological responses according to its immediate history: those permanently deprived of hosts accumulate eggs but have a low level of host acceptance when again in contact with suitable pupae, in contrast with those having been initially in contact with a host and regularly ovipositing thereafter (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FEE8FEC6FDBDFE85" author="Drost, Y. C. &amp; Carde, R. T." box="[274,523,259,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref19166" refString="Drost, Y. C. &amp; Carde, R. T. (1992 a) Use of learned visual cues during habitat location by Brachymeria intermedia. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 64 (3), 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1570 - 7458.1992. tb 01612. x" type="journal article" year="1992">Drost &amp; Cardé 1992a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FDEDFEC6FDD7FE85" author="Drost, Y. C. &amp; Carde, R. T." box="[535,609,259,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="230 - 234" refId="ref19228" refString="Drost, Y. C. &amp; Carde, R. T. (1992 b) Influence of host deprivation of egg load and oviposition behaviour of Brachymeria intermedia, a parasitoid of gypsy moth. Physiological Entomology, 17 (3), 230 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3032.1992. tb 01015. x" type="journal article" year="1992">1992b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FD97FEC6FC38FE85" author="Kerguelen, V. &amp; Carde, R. T." box="[621,910,259,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="947 - 960" refId="ref20551" refString="Kerguelen, V. &amp; Carde, R. T. (1996) Reinforcement mechanisms of olfactory conditioning during parasitization by the parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Journal of Insect Behavior, 9 (6), 947 - 960. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02208981" type="journal article" year="1996">Kerguelen &amp; Cardé 1996</bibRefCitation>
a). Progeny production, development time, sex ratio and parasitoid-related host mortality are dependent on female age and host exposure (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FB78FEE2FAE9FED9" author="Barbosa, P. &amp; Martinat, P. &amp; Bennett, R." box="[1154,1375,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="215 - 223" refId="ref16898" refString="Barbosa, P., Martinat, P. &amp; Bennett, R. (1986) Consequences of maternal age and host deprivation on the production and development of Brachymeria intermedia and the mortality of its gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) host. Journal of Applied Entomology, 101 (3), 215 - 223." type="journal article" year="1986">
Barbosa
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FB1CFEE2FAABFED9" box="[1254,1309,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
). The female uses olfactory cues in searching for the host, though visual cues are involved in the recognition of the host microhabitat, and some learning is exhibited in this respect (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FCC5FEAAFB96FE11" author="Leonard, D. E. &amp; Bierl, B. A. &amp; Beroza, M." box="[831,1056,366,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="929 - 930" refId="ref21157" refString="Leonard, D. E., Bierl, B. A. &amp; Beroza, M. (1975) Gypsy moth kairomones influencing behaviour of the parasitoids Brachymeria intermedia and Apanteles melanoscelus. Environmental Entomology, 4 (6), 929 - 930." type="journal article" year="1975">
Leonard
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FC5FFEAAFC68FE11" box="[933,990,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
1975
</bibRefCitation>
; Minot &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FB6CFEAAFA80FE11" author="Leonard, D. E." box="[1174,1334,367,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="269" refId="ref21106" refString="Leonard, D. E. (1976) Parasitization of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 83 (4), 269." type="journal article" year="1976">Leonard 1976</bibRefCitation>
c;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FAB4FEAAFEE5FE35" author="Tucker, J. E. &amp; Leonard, D. E." pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="527 - 531" refId="ref24114" refString="Tucker, J. E. &amp; Leonard, D. E. (1977) The role of kairomones in host recognition and host acceptance behaviour of the parasite Brachymeria intermedia. Environmental Entomology, 6 (4), 527 - 531. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 6.4.527" type="journal article" year="1977">Tucker &amp; Leonard 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FEA5FE56FD8DFE35" author="Barbosa, P. &amp; Frongillo, E. A. Jr. &amp; Cranshaw, W." box="[351,571,403,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="63 - 67" refId="ref16836" refString="Barbosa, P., Frongillo, E. A. Jr. &amp; Cranshaw, W. (1978) Orientation in field populations of Brachymeria intermedia (Hym.: Chalcididae) to host and host-habitat cues. Entomophaga, 23 (1), 63 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02371993" type="journal article" year="1978">
Barbosa
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FE3BFE56FE4FFE35" box="[449,505,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
1978
</bibRefCitation>
; Mohamed 1986;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FCFCFE56FC6EFE35" author="Carde, R. T. &amp; Lee, H. P." box="[774,984,403,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="653 - 657" refId="ref17511" refString="Carde, R. T. &amp; Lee, H. P. (1989) Effect of experience on the responses of the parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) to its host Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) and to kairomone. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 82 (5), 653 - 657." type="journal article" year="1989">Cardé &amp; Lee 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FC1EFE56FB7CFE35" author="Drost, Y. C. &amp; Carde, R. T." box="[996,1226,403,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="647 - 661" refId="ref19100" refString="Drost, Y. C. &amp; Carde, R. T. (1990) Influence of experience on the sequential and temporal organization of host-acceptance behaviour in Brachymeria intermedia (Chalcididae), an endoparasitoid of gypsy moth. Journal of Insect Behavior, 3 (5), 647 - 661. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01052334" type="journal article" year="1990">Drost &amp; Cardé 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FB2FFE56FAABFE35" author="Drost, Y. C. &amp; Carde, R. T." box="[1237,1309,403,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref19166" refString="Drost, Y. C. &amp; Carde, R. T. (1992 a) Use of learned visual cues during habitat location by Brachymeria intermedia. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 64 (3), 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1570 - 7458.1992. tb 01612. x" type="journal article" year="1992">1992a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FAD2FE56FE8FFE49" author="Kerguelen, V. &amp; Carde, R. T." pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="947 - 960" refId="ref20551" refString="Kerguelen, V. &amp; Carde, R. T. (1996) Reinforcement mechanisms of olfactory conditioning during parasitization by the parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Journal of Insect Behavior, 9 (6), 947 - 960. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02208981" type="journal article" year="1996">Kerguelen &amp; Cardé 1996</bibRefCitation>
b,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FEA9FE72FE2AFE49" author="Kerguelen, V. &amp; Carde, R. T." box="[339,412,439,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="344 - 356" refId="ref20671" refString="Kerguelen, V. &amp; Carde, R. T. (1997 b) Manoeuvres of female Brachymeria intermedia flying towards host-related odours in a wind tunnel. Physiological Entomology, 22 (4), 344 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3032.1997. tb 01179. x" type="journal article" year="1997">1997b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FE5DFE72FE55FE49" author="Kerguelen, V. &amp; Carde, R. T." box="[423,483,439,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="221 - 234" refId="ref20731" refString="Kerguelen, V. &amp; Carde, R. T. (1998) Flight toward a learned odor and factors inducing landing of female Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), a parasitoid of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Journal of Insect Behavior, 11 (2), 221 - 234." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
). Host acceptance and host suitability both depend on the identity of the host (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FAAEFE72FEA5FE6D" author="Dindo, M. L. &amp; Franati, S. &amp; Marchetti, E. &amp; Ferracini C. &amp; Quacchia, A. &amp; Alma, A." pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1342 - 1348" refId="ref18924" refString="Dindo, M. L., Franati, S., Marchetti, E., Ferracini C., Quacchia, A. &amp; Alma, A. (2013) Acceptance and suitability of Cacyreus marshalli (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) as host for three indigenous parasitoids. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 23 (11), 1342 - 1348." type="journal article" year="2013">
Dindo
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FF6DFE1EFF66FE6D" box="[151,208,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). An optimal fresh age of the pupae (around 4 days) is important for suitability and
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FB46FE1EFA9FFE6D" box="[1212,1321,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FB46FE1EFA9FFE6D" box="[1212,1321,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
selects its hosts accordingly (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FE92FE3AFDF9FD81" author="Lashomb, J. H. &amp; Ng, Y. - S. &amp; Metterhouse, W." box="[360,591,511,537]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="855 - 857" refId="ref20907" refString="Lashomb, J. H., Ng, Y. - S. &amp; Metterhouse, W. (1983) Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupal age as a determinant of suitability by Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Environmental Entomology, 12 (3), 855 - 857. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 12.3.855" type="journal article" year="1983">
Lashomb
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FE22FE3AFDB9FD81" box="[472,527,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FDA0FE3AFCC9FD81" author="Rotheray, G. E. &amp; Barbosa, P." box="[602,895,511,537]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="141 - 145" refId="ref22979" refString="Rotheray, G. E. &amp; Barbosa, P. (1984) Host related factors affecting oviposition behaviour in Brachymeria intermedia. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 35 (2), 141 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1570 - 7458.1984. tb 03374. x" type="journal article" year="1984">Rotheray &amp; Barbosa 1984</bibRefCitation>
). The female is strongly reluctant to oviposit into already parasitized pupae (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FE38FDE6FDD3FDA5" author="Dowden, P. B." box="[450,613,546,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="495 - 523" refId="ref19050" refString="Dowden, P. B. (1935) Brachymeria intermedia (Nees), a primary parasite, and B. compsilurae (Cwfd.), a secondary parasite, of gypsy moth. Journal of Agricultural Research, 50 (6), 495 - 523." type="journal article" year="1935">Dowden 1935</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FD8BFDE6FCC8FDA5" author="Goodwin, P. A. &amp; Odell, T. M." box="[625,894,547,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="185 - 190" refId="ref19594" refString="Goodwin, P. A. &amp; Odell, T. M. (1979) A laboratory study of the interaction of two parasites of Lymantria dispar (Lep.: Lymantriidae), Blepharipa pratensis (Dipt.: Tachinidae) and Brachymeria intermedia (Hym.: Chalcididae). Entomophaga, 24 (2), 185 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02375132" type="journal article" year="1979">Goodwin &amp; Odell 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB5FFE3FF3DFD82FD35FD31" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
Low humidity, high temperatures and light intensity increase the activity, fecundity and biotic potential of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FA7EFD82FF53FD1D" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FA7EFD82FF53FD1D" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FF08FDAEFDB3FD1D" author="Minot, M. C. &amp; Leonard, D. E." box="[242,517,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="427 - 430" refId="ref22062" refString="Minot, M. C. &amp; Leonard, D. E. (1976 a) Effect of temperature, humidity, light, and gravity on the parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia. Environmental Entomology, 5 (3), 427 - 430." type="journal article" year="1976">Minot &amp; Leonard 1976a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FDF5FDAEFDEFFD1D" author="Minot, M. C. &amp; Leonard, D. E." box="[527,601,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="527 - 532" refId="ref22107" refString="Minot, M. C. &amp; Leonard, D. E. (1976 b) Host preference and development of the parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia in Lymantria dispar, Galleria melonella, and Choristoneura fumiferana. Environmental Entomology, 5 (3), 527 - 532. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 5.3.527" type="journal article" year="1976">1976b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FD99FDAEFC3FFD1D" author="Barbosa, P. &amp; Frongillo, E. A." box="[611,905,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="405 - 411" refId="ref16651" refString="Barbosa, P. &amp; Frongillo, E. A. jr, (1977) Influence of light intensity and temperature on the locomotory and flight activity of Brachymeria intermedia (Hym.: Chalcididae) a pupal parasite of the gypsy moth. Entomophaga, 22 (4), 405 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02373266" type="journal article" year="1977">Barbosa &amp; Frongillo 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FC69FDAEFC6BFD1D" author="Barbosa, P. &amp; Frongillo, E. A. Jr." box="[915,989,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref16774" refString="Barbosa, P. &amp; Frongillo, E. A. Jr. (1979 b) Photoperiod and temperature influences on egg number in Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), a pupal parasitoid of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 87 (2), 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1979">1979b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FC1DFDAEFB3EFD1D" author="Weseloh, R. M." box="[999,1160,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="670 - 675" refId="ref24482" refString="Weseloh, R. M. (1979) Comparative behavioral responses of three Brachymeria species and other gypsy moth parasitoids to humidity and temperature. Environmental Entomology, 8 (4), 670 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 8.4.670" type="journal article" year="1979">Weseloh 1979</bibRefCitation>
). Consequently the wasp is typically found in sunny and open places.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB5FFE3FF3DFD76FB78FD69" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
The description of the courtship behaviour and interaction with pheromones were dealt with by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FAE5FD76FE99FD69" author="Leonard, S. H. &amp; Ringo, J. M." pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="817 - 826" refId="ref21204" refString="Leonard, S. H. &amp; Ringo, J. M. (1978) Analysis of male courtship patterns and mating behaviour of Brachymeria intermedia. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 71 (6), 817 - 826. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 71.6.817" type="journal article" year="1978">Leonard &amp; Ringo (1978)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FEC0FD12FE6EFD69" author="Askari, A." box="[314,472,727,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="23 - 26" refId="ref16450" refString="Askari, A. (1979) Courtship behaviour and evidence for a sex pheromone in the gypsy moth parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia Nees (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 88 (1), 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="1979">Askari (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FE1EFD12FD4EFD69" author="Simser, D. H. &amp; Coppel, H. C." box="[484,760,727,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="373 - 380" refId="ref23562" refString="Simser, D. H. &amp; Coppel, H. C. (1980) Female-produced sex pheromone in Brachymeria lasus and Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Entomophaga, 25 (4), 373 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02374700" type="journal article" year="1980">Simser &amp; Coppel (1980)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FCD5FD12FBDAFD69" author="Mohamed, M. A. &amp; Coppel, H. C." box="[815,1132,727,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1099 - 1114" refId="ref22273" refString="Mohamed, M. A. &amp; Coppel, H. C. (1987 a) Pheromonal basis of courtship behaviour in two gypsy moth parasitoids Brachymeria intermedia Nees and Brachymeria lasus Walker (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 13 (5), 1099 - 1114." type="journal article" year="1987">Mohamed &amp; Coppel (1987a</bibRefCitation>
, 1987b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB5FFE3FF2FFD3EFDA8FC19" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FF2FFD3EFE74FC8D" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[213,450,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FF2FFD3EFE74FC8D" box="[213,450,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Brachymeria tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FDA4FD3EFD52FC8D" box="[606,740,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
to have successfully been reared on an artificial medium (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FF65FCDAFEECFCA1" author="Thompson, S. N." box="[159,346,799,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="133 - 143" refId="ref23804" refString="Thompson, S. N. (1980) Artificial culture techniques for rearing larvae of the chalcidoid parasite Brachymeria intermedia. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 27 (2), 133 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1570 - 7458.1980. tb 02957. x" type="journal article" year="1980">Thompson 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FE9CFCDAFD24FCA1" author="Dindo, M. L. &amp; Campadelli, G." box="[358,658,799,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="93 - 99" refId="ref18411" refString="Dindo, M. L. &amp; Campadelli, G. (1992) Preliminary studies on the artificial culture of Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hym. Chalcididae) on oligidic diets. Bollettino dell' Istituto di Entomologia &quot; Guido Grandi &quot; della Universita degli Studi di Bologna, 46, 93 - 99." type="journal article" year="1992">Dindo &amp; Campadelli 1992</bibRefCitation>
, 1993;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FD1EFCDAFC5DFCA1" author="Dindo, M. L. &amp; Luciano, P." box="[740,1003,798,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="95 - 99" refId="ref18533" refString="Dindo, M. L. &amp; Luciano, P. (1995) Possibilities of culturing Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hym. Chalcididae), a solitary pupal gypsy moth parasitoid, on artificial diets. Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique, Bulletin de la Section Regionale Ouest Palearctique, 18 (6), 95 - 99." type="journal article" year="1995">Dindo &amp; Luciano 1995</bibRefCitation>
; Dindo
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FBBEFCDAFBCAFCA1" box="[1092,1148,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
1995, 1997, 2001, 2002). This procedure allowed the authors to precisely observe the host-parasitic larva relationships, particularly the effect of parasitism on the host’s activity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB5FFE3FF3DFC4EFD2DFB5D" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FF3DFC4EFCA5FC3D" bold="true" box="[199,787,906,933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
Natural and biological control of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FDB7FC4EFCA5FC3D" authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1923" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[589,787,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FDB7FC4EFCA5FC3D" bold="true" box="[589,787,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Lymantria dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Numerous assessments have been made, as listed in
<tableCitation id="E43CEC9CFFB5FFE3FAA4FC4EFF10FC51" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="20.[152,244,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[151,1324,1679,1992]" captionText="TABLE 1. Hosts of Brachymeria species of the tibialis species group. Lepidoptera hosts are summarized first by family in alphabetical order, followed by other Orders. Doubtful or erroneous citations are indicated by an *, relevant comments are in the part ‘Hosts’ of the text." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FDC189AFFFB5FFE3FF62F9D1FE4EF9EC" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" tableUuid="FDC189AFFFB5FFE3FF62F9D1FE4EF9EC">Table 1</tableCitation>
. The assessment of parasitism depends on the method used as shown by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FC15FC6AFB78FC51" author="Gould, J. R. &amp; Elkinton, J. S. &amp; Driesche van, R. G." box="[1007,1230,943,969]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="394 - 400" refId="ref19669" refString="Gould, J. R., Elkinton, J. S. &amp; Driesche van, R. G. (1992) Assessment of potential methods of measuring parasitism by Brachymeria intermedia Nees (Hymenoptera; Chalcididae) of pupae of the gypsy moth. Environmental Entomology, 21 (2), 394 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 21.2.394" type="journal article" year="1992">
Gould
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FBC4FC6AFBC7FC51" box="[1086,1137,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al</emphasis>
. (1992)
</bibRefCitation>
. Different authors operating in various countries and continents discovered that the level of parasitism depends on the density of the host and is higher during outbreaks (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FDC1FC32FC9AFB89" author="Ticehurst, M. &amp; Fusco, R. A. &amp; Kling, R. P. &amp; Unger, J." box="[571,812,1015,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="355 - 358" refId="ref23981" refString="Ticehurst, M., Fusco, R. A., Kling, R. P. &amp; Unger, J. (1978) Observations of populations of gypsy moth in first cycle infestations in Pennsylvania from 1974 - 1977. Environmental Entomology, 7 (3), 355 - 358." type="journal article" year="1978">
Ticehurst
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FD55FC32FD5FFB89" box="[687,745,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
1978
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FCC0FC32FB8AFB89" author="Luciano, P. &amp; Prota, R." box="[826,1084,1015,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="153 - 167" refId="ref21346" refString="Luciano, P. &amp; Prota, R. (1982) Investigations on parasitism of Lymantria dispar L. at high densities in forest areas. Studi Sassaresi, Universita di Sassari (III), 28, 153 - 167." type="journal article" year="1982">Luciano &amp; Prota 1982</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FBB3FC32FB32FB89" author="Luciano, P. &amp; Prota, R." box="[1097,1156,1015,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="613 - 630" refId="ref21389" refString="Luciano, P. &amp; Prota, R. (1984) La dinamica di popolazione di Lymantria dispar L. in Sardegna. III. Indicatori biologici della gradazione. Frustula Entomologica, 7 - 8, 613 - 630." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FB6BFC32FA21FB89" author="Fuester, R. W. &amp; Taylor, P. B." box="[1169,1431,1015,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="536 - 547" refId="ref19417" refString="Fuester, R. W. &amp; Taylor, P. B. (1996) Differential mortality in male and female gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupae by invertebrate natural enemies and other factors. Environmental Entomology, 25 (2), 536 - 547. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 25.2.536" type="journal article" year="1996">Fuester &amp; Taylor 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FF6DFBDEFEE5FBAD" author="Hoch, G. M. &amp; Kalbacher, G. &amp; Schopf, A." box="[151,339,1051,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="201 - 204" refId="ref20180" refString="Hoch, G. M., Kalbacher, G. &amp; Schopf, A. (2006) Gypsy moth revisited: studies on the natural enemy complex of Lymantria dispar L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) during an outbreak in a well known gypsy moth area. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellshaft fur Allgeine und Angwandte Entomologie, 15, 201 - 204." type="journal article" year="2006">
Hoch
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FF20FBDEFEA7FBAD" box="[218,273,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, the pupae of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FD8DFBDEFD6AFBAD" authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1923" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[631,732,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FD8DFBDEFD6AFBAD" box="[631,732,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">L. dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
originating from an outbreak population are even more suitable for the development of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FE61FBFAFCE0FBC1" authority="(Greenblatt &amp; Barbosa 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Greenblatt &amp; Barbosa" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[411,854,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FE61FBFAFDBEFBC1" box="[411,520,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">B. tibialis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FDEFFBFAFCFBFBC1" author="Greenblatt, J. A. &amp; Barbosa, P." box="[533,845,1087,1113]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref19740" refString="Greenblatt, J. A. &amp; Barbosa, P. (1980) Interpopulation quality in gypsy moths with implications for success of two pupal parasitoids: Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) and Coccygomimus turionellae (L.). Ecological Entomology, 5, 31 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1980. tb 01121. x" type="journal article" year="1980">Greenblatt &amp; Barbosa 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently the chalcidid may effectively destroy its host population as shown with
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FDECFBA6FDCDFBE5" authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1923" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[534,635,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FDECFBA6FDCDFBE5" box="[534,635,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">L. dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="D1A999B7FFB5FFE3FD65FBA6FCB2FBE5" box="[671,772,1123,1149]" name="Morocco" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Morocco</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FCD5FBA6FC69FBE5" author="Lepiney, J. de" box="[815,991,1123,1149]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref21261" refString="Lepiney, J. de (1930) Contribution a l'etude du complexe biologique de Lymantria dispar. Memoire de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, Rabat, 23, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1930">Lépiney (1930)</bibRefCitation>
. In addition to parasitism, injuries from the sting in cases of host feeding increase host mortality both directly and possibly further through introductions of pathogenic microorganisms (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FE21FB6EFD39FB5D" author="Villemant, C." box="[475,655,1195,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 220" refId="ref24238" refString="Villemant, C. (1989) Ennemis des chenilles et des chrysalides. In: Fraval, A., Graf, P., Hamdaoui M., Kadiri Z., Ramzi H. &amp; Villemant, C. (Eds.), Lymantria dispar au Maroc. Actes Editions, Rabat, pp. 1 - 220. Available from: http: // www. insectes. xyz / ld-m-en 2. htm # Bi" type="book chapter" year="1989">Villemant 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A901D927FFB5FFE3FF3DFB0AFBB5FA7D" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FF3DFB0AFE00FB71" baseAuthorityName="Greenblatt &amp; Barbosa" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[199,438,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FF3DFB0AFE00FB71" box="[199,438,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Brachymeria tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was introduced in North America to control the gypsy moth after its involuntary introduction at the end of the 19th century (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FD72FB36FC3CFA95" author="Howard, L. O. &amp; Fiske, W. F." box="[648,906,1267,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 316" refId="ref20247" refString="Howard, L. O. &amp; Fiske, W. F. (1911) The importation into the United States of the parasites of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth: a report progress, with some consideration of previous and concurrent efforts of this kind. Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, 91, 1 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65198" type="journal article" year="1911">Howard &amp; Fiske 1911</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FC6DFB36FB7DFA95" author="Burgess, A. F. &amp; Crossman, S. S." box="[919,1227,1267,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref17368" refString="Burgess, A. F. &amp; Crossman, S. S. (1929) Imported insect enemies of the gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 86, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1929">Burgess &amp; Crossman 1929</bibRefCitation>
). The introduction of
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FF4CFAD2FE95FAA9" baseAuthorityName="Greenblatt &amp; Barbosa" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[182,291,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FF4CFAD2FE95FAA9" box="[182,291,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">B. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was in two phases, respectively before and after the First World War. Finally, 22,197 parasitoids were introduced from some Mediterranean countries (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FD44FAFEFCE9FACD" author="Clausen, C. P." box="[702,863,1339,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 545" refId="ref17690" refString="Clausen, C. P. (1978) Introduced parasites and predators or arthropods pests and weeds: a World review. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agriculture Handbook, 480, 1 - 545." type="journal article" year="1978">Clausen 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FC8EFAFEFBEBFACD" baseAuthorityName="Greenblatt &amp; Barbosa" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[884,1117,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FC8EFAFEFBEBFACD" box="[884,1117,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Brachymeria tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was nevertheless recovered only much later (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FEA2FA9AFE4CFAE1" author="Leonard, D. E." box="[344,506,1375,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref20976" refString="Leonard, D. E. (1966) Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) established in North America. Entomological News, 77 (1), 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1966">Leonard 1966</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FDFFFA9AFDF6FAE1" author="Leonard, D. E." box="[517,576,1375,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="600 - 601" refId="ref21012" refString="Leonard, D. E. (1967) Parasitism of gypsy moth in Connecticut by Brachymeria intermedia. Journal of Economic Entomology, 60 (2), 600 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 60.2.600" type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
, 1977). In fact the release of the chalcidid usually had no apparent effect on the population dynamics of the gipsy moth (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FD6DFA46FC13FA05" author="Blumenthal, E. M. &amp; Fusco, R. A. &amp; Reardon, R. C." box="[663,933,1411,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="281 - 288" refId="ref17207" refString="Blumenthal, E. M., Fusco, R. A. &amp; Reardon, R. C. (1979) Augmentative release of two established parasite species to suppress populations of the gypsy moth. Journal of Economic Entomology, 72, 281 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 72.2.281" type="journal article" year="1979">
Blumenthal
<emphasis id="9BCA0535FFB5FFE3FCDFFA46FCD6FA05" box="[805,864,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
1979
</bibRefCitation>
). In some cases, however, the presence and abundance of alternate hosts (
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA2A4FFB5FFE3FE1BFA62FDE9FA59" box="[481,607,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
) can allow a quick increase of the parasitoid population which is then able to destroy a large number of the gypsy moth pupae (
<bibRefCitation id="CD2FA4D6FFB5FFE3FD25FA0EFC40FA7D" author="Minot, M. C. &amp; Leonard, D. E." box="[735,1014,1483,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="427 - 430" refId="ref22062" refString="Minot, M. C. &amp; Leonard, D. E. (1976 a) Effect of temperature, humidity, light, and gravity on the parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia. Environmental Entomology, 5 (3), 427 - 430." type="journal article" year="1976">Minot &amp; Leonard 1976a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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