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<document id="7AF42FAE6D4BA5E059ADC6B7BDA18DB4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157231" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b5cb967b-71dc-4274-a326-782875cb782b" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157231" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461018848022" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sweet, Merrill H. &amp; Slater, James A." docDate="2004" docId="03F9879AAF30AF7DC405FEC03493ED80" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00533.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 533" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Plinthisus Stephens sensu Wagner 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFC0FFE2AF37AF76C50DFFDB371AEF46" masterDocTitle="An analysis of species­groups of the genus Plinthisus Stephens (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) in the Ethiopian Region with the description of eight new species" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698569649215" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="51B07BDBB1CB9F030A380C85BDD3A01D">An analysis of species­groups of the genus Plinthisus Stephens (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) in the Ethiopian Region with the description of eight new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A8678FD2F1D8D3974FCA464C03B9F4C5">Sweet, Merrill H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="42E2B1ED2C0CFADCA2C003FE28CABB99">Slater, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E102535D8196DE48D468FA4C7F67FC88">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="9455EAF043D82FBBDC048822AD5310BB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5D4A6B1F3F7F693AD75493B47881E016" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F9879AAF30AF7DC405FEC03493ED80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6272633" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119602203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6272633" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F9879AAF30AF7DC405FEC03493ED80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F9879AAF30AF7DC405FEC03493ED80" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="C34A6507AF30AF71C405FEC033D7EEEF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF30AF71C405FEC0346CEE73" blockId="7.[264,886,283,310]" box="[264,886,283,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0A781E0AF30AF71C405FEC0346CEE73" bold="true" box="[264,886,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C405FEC0346CEE73" bold="true" box="[264,886,283,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C485FEC7346CEE73" ID-CoL="8NXD7" authority="Stephens sensu Wagner, 1964" authorityName="Stephens sensu Wagner" authorityYear="1964" box="[392,886,283,310]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C485FEC73518EE70" bold="true" box="[392,514,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plinthisus</emphasis>
Stephens
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C78DFEC735DFEE70" bold="true" box="[640,709,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sensu</emphasis>
Wagner, 1964
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF30AF71C405FEBC33D7EEEF" blockId="7.[264,1322,359,425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The following three groups fall under the nominate subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C109FEBC3363EEC6" box="[1028,1145,359,384]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C109FEBC3363EEC6" box="[1028,1145,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plinthisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as defined by Wagner, but they are distinctive and each probably will be worthy of generic rank.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A6507AF30AF7CC405FDDD35EBEEC0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF30AF71C405FDDD3598ED58" blockId="7.[264,642,518,542]" box="[264,642,518,542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C405FDDD3598ED58" bold="true" box="[264,642,518,542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C405FDDD36B9ED58" box="[264,419,518,542]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudebecki">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C405FDDD36B9ED58" bold="true" box="[264,419,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">RUDEBECKI</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SPECIES­GROUP
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF30AF71C405FD9435B7EDD7" blockId="7.[264,1020,590,657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C405FD9436D1ED2E" box="[264,459,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Included species</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C4D7FD9534E6ED2F" authority="Slater, 1964" authorityName="Slater" authorityYear="1964" box="[474,1020,590,617]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudebecki" subGenus="Plinthisus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C4D7FD953472ED2E" box="[474,872,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C4D7FD95354EED2E" bold="true" box="[474,596,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plinthisus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C768FD9535C5ED2E" bold="true" box="[613,735,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plinthisus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C7FCFD953472ED2E" bold="true" box="[753,872,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">rudebecki</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B7DAF30AF71C662FD9434E6ED2F" author="Slater" box="[879,1020,591,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" refString="Slater, J. A. (1964) Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Lygaeidae. South African Animal Life 10, 15 - 228." type="journal article" year="1964">Slater, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C41CFDAC3679EDD7" box="[273,355,631,657]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 17" captionStartId="44.[264,370,1735,1756]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,317,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[340,1247,315,1741]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 17. Head and anterior part of pronotum, male, lateral view. 8, P. (Plinthisus) rudebecki Slater, 1964. 9, P. (Plinthisus) hirsutus Slater, 1964. 10, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp. 11, P. pulchellus. 12, P. e r i ­ cae. 13, P. fynbosi. 14, P. peninsularis. 15, P. lamprus. 16 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) zuurbergi n. sp. 17 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) drakensbergensis n. sp. Abbreviations: at—antenniferous tubercle, bc—buccula, br—buccular ridges, cs—collar sulcus, j—juga, js—jugal sulcus, la—first labial segment, l—lorum, pppropleural pore, pps—propleural suture, tls—trichobothriumlike setae, ts—tylar sulcus, ty—tylus, v—vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157233/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C47DFDAC3695EDD7" box="[368,399,631,657]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="45.[264,370,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[361,1231,339,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[340,1247,326,1751]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Mesopleuron and metapleuron, male. 18, P. rudebecki. 19, P. hirsutus. 20, P. brachyoccus. 21, P. pulchellus. 22, P. e r i c a e. 23, P. fynbosi. 24, P. peninsularis, 25, P. lamprus. 26, P. z u u r b e rg i. 27, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: au—auricle, hm—hemelytron, mf – metapleural flange, mp—mesepimeron, mps—mesopleural sulcus, ms – mesepisternum, mt—metepisternum, sa—scent area, tls – trichobothriumlike setae. Figures 24 to 27 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157234/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C491FDAC36A6EDD7" box="[412,444,631,657]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 37" captionStartId="46.[264,370,1738,1759]" captionTargetBox="[351,1190,316,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[340,1247,291,1717]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 37. Male right metathoracic wing, ventral view, 28, P. brachyoccus, macropter, including Fig. 28 a, detail of overlapping stridulitra of wings at rest. Figs 29 – 37, brachypterous metathoracic wings. 29, P. rudebecki. 30, P. hirsutus. 31, P. pulchellus. 32, P. e r ic a e. 33, P. fynbosi. 34, P. peninsularis. 35, P. lamprus. 36, P. z u u r b e rg i. 37, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: Cu—Cubitus, h—hamus, IV—Intervannal veins, M— Medius, mnt—metanotum, mtws—metathoracic wing stridulitrum, Pcss—Postcubital sector stridulitrum, R— Radius, Sc—scutellum, st—stridulitrum, te—teeth. Figures 29 to 37 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C4C5FDAC36F2EDD7" box="[456,488,631,657]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 50" captionStartId="48.[264,370,1660,1681]" captionTargetBox="[404,1232,355,1613]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[340,1247,324,1646]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 50. Abdomen structures. 38 (p. 48), lateral view, male, P. e r ic a e. 39 – 48, left dorsal view, male. 39, P. rudebecki. 40, P. hirsutus. 41, P. brachyoccus. 42, P. pulchellus. 43, P. e r i c a e. 44, P. fynbosi. 45, P. peninsularis. 46, P. lamprus. 47, P. zuurbergi. 48, P. drakensbergensis. 49 – 50, dorsal abdominal segments 5 – 8, female. 49, P. pulchellus. 50, P. fynbosi. Abbreviations: e—epipleurite of connexivum, h—hypopleurite of connexivum, oj— oblique juncture of hypopleurites 4 &amp; 5, pl—plectrum on tergum one, sg—scent gland scar, sp – spiracle, spl—secondary plectrum, St 3 — sternum 3, St 7 — sternum 7, Tg 2 — tergum 2, Tg 6 — tergum 6, Tg 7 — tergum 7, tr—trichobothrium. Figures 44 to 50 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157236/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C4F9FDAC350EEDD7" box="[500,532,631,657]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 65" captionStartId="50.[264,370,1706,1727]" captionTargetBox="[362,1207,344,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[340,1247,324,1711]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 65. Genital capsule, dorsal view (d. v.), lateral view (l. v.). 51, P. hirsutus, d. v. 52, P. hirsutus, l. v. 53, P. pulchellus, d. v. 54, P. brachyoccus, d. v. 55, P. brachyoccus, l. v. 56, P. lamprus, d. v. 57, P. e r i c a e, d. v. 58, P. e r i c a e, l. v. 59, P. drakensbergensis, d. v. 60, P. fynbosi, d. v. 61, P. fynbosi, l. v. 61 a, P. rudebecki, d. v. 62, P. peninsularis, d. v. 63, P. peninsularis, l. v. 64, P. z u u r b e rg i, d. v. 65, P. zuurberg, l. v. Abbreviations: ap—accessory sperm pump, as—anal sclerites, cl—clasper in place, co—clasper opening, do—dorsal opening, epepiproct, p—parandria, pa—paraprocts, pr—posterior rim. Figures 62 to 65 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157237/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">62</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C72DFDAC3571EDD7" box="[544,619,631,657]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 99" captionStartId="52.[264,370,1670,1691]" captionTargetBox="[373,1217,311,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[340,1235,286,1675]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 99. Phallus, dorsal (or frontal) view (d. v.) and lateral view (l. v.). 80, P. rudebecki, d. v. 81, P. rudebecki, l. v. 82, P. hirsutus, d. v. 83, P. hirsutus, l. v. 84, P. brachyoccus, d. v. 85, P. brachyoccus, l. v. 86, P. pulchellus, d. v. 87, P. pulchellus, l. v. 88, P. e r i c a e, d. v. 89, P. e r ic a e, l. v. 90, P. fynbosi, d. v. 91, P. fynbosi, l. v. 92, P. peninsularis, d. v. 93, P. peninsularis, l. v. 94, P. lamprus, d. v. 95, P. lamprus, l. v. 96, P. z u u r b e rg i, d. v. 97, P. z u u r b e rg i, l. v. 98, P. drakensbergensis, d. v. 99, P. drakensbergensis, l. v. Abbreviations: ap—accessory pump, ba—basal apparatus, gp—gonoporal process, hp—helicoid process, hs—holding sclerites, pt—phallotheca, n—reservoir neck, rb—reservoir body, se—sleeve, sr—sperm reservoir, w—wings. Figures 90 to 99 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157239/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">80, 81</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C775FDAC35BFEDD7" box="[632,677,631,657]" captionStart="FIGURES 100 – 108" captionStartId="54.[264,370,1770,1791]" captionTargetBox="[351,1180,342,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[340,1247,324,1750]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 100 – 108. Spermatheca. 100, P. rudebecki Slater. 101, P. hirsutus Slater. 102, P. brachyoccus. 103, P. pulchellus. 104. P. e r i c a e. 105, P. fynbosi. 106, P. peninsularis. 107, P. lamprus. 108, P. z u u r b e rg i. 109, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: bd—basal duct, bu—bulb, dd—distal duct." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157240/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">100</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF30AF71C405FD1C3205ECEF" blockId="7.[264,1323,711,937]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B7DAF30AF71C4A5FD1C3553EDA7" author="Slater" box="[424,585,711,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" refString="Slater, J. A. (1964) Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Lygaeidae. South African Animal Life 10, 15 - 228." type="journal article" year="1964">Slater (1964)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C754FD1C35F4EDA6" box="[601,750,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudebecki">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C754FD1C3572EDA6" box="[601,616,711,736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C777FD1C35F4EDA6" box="[634,750,711,736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">rudebecki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an isolated taxon in the African fauna. It is highly distinctive and forms part of the endemic element in the fauna of the southwest Cape. We place
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C4C2FCCC3579EC76" box="[463,611,791,817]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudebecki">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C4C2FCCC36C4EC76" box="[463,478,791,816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C4E2FCCC3579EC76" box="[495,611,791,816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">rudebecki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the nominate subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C6A1FCCC333BEC76" box="[940,1057,791,816]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C6A1FCCC333BEC76" box="[940,1057,791,816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plinthisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B7DAF30AF71C13EFCCC33CDEC77" author="Wagner" box="[1075,1239,791,817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" refString="Wagner, E. (1963) Die palaearktischen Arten der Gattung Plinthisus Stephens, 1829. Reichenbachia, 2 (50), 95 - 157." type="journal article" year="1963">Wagner 1963</bibRefCitation>
, 1964) based on its elongate pronotum, punctate posterior pronotal lobe and profemur armed with two rows of spines. However
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C773FCBC340EECC6" box="[638,788,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudebecki">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C773FCBC3596ECC6" box="[638,652,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C7ADFCBC340EECC6" box="[672,788,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">rudebecki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
warrants recognition as a separate speciesgroup as shown by its large bucculae and abdominal structure with transverse 5–6 suture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF30AF71C405FBDD35B6EB58" blockId="7.[264,684,1030,1054]" box="[264,684,1030,1054]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C405FBDD35B6EB58" bold="true" box="[264,684,1030,1054]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C405FBDD36D7EB58" box="[264,461,1030,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoccus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C405FBDD36D7EB58" bold="true" box="[264,461,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BRACHYOCCUS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SPECIES­GROUP
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF30AF71C405FB94368DEBD7" blockId="7.[264,1323,1102,1169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C405FB9436D7EB2E" box="[264,461,1103,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Included species</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C4D2FB9534FBEB2E" bold="true" box="[479,993,1102,1128]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C4D2FB953488EB2E" box="[479,914,1102,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoccus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Plinthisus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C4D2FB953543EB2E" bold="true" box="[479,601,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plinthisus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C760FB9535FDEB2E" bold="true" box="[621,743,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plinthisus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C7F6FB953488EB2E" bold="true" box="[763,914,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">brachyoccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757E5AF30AF71C691FB9534FBEB2E" box="[924,993,1102,1128]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C6FFFB943689EBD7" authority="Linnavuori, 1989" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debaroensis" subGenus="Plinthisus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C6FFFB94331BEB2E" box="[1010,1025,1103,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C111FB943331EB2E" box="[1052,1067,1103,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C14BFB9433C9EB2E" box="[1094,1235,1103,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">debaroensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B7DAF30AF71C1D0FB943689EBD7" author="Linnavuori" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" refString="Linnavuori, R. (1989) Heteroptera of Yemen and South Yemen. Acta Entomologici Fennica, 54, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1989">Linnavuori, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF30AF71C405FB3535E5EA4E" blockId="7.[264,902,1262,1329]" box="[264,767,1262,1289]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF30AF71C405FB3535ACEA4E" box="[264,694,1262,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoccus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Plinthisus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C405FB353698EA4E" bold="true" box="[264,386,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plinthisus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C49EFB353517EA4E" bold="true" box="[403,525,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plinthisus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C712FB3535ACEA4E" bold="true" box="[543,694,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">brachyoccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757E5AF30AF71C7B0FB3535E5EA4E" box="[701,767,1262,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF30AF71C405FACC349CEA77" blockId="7.[264,902,1262,1329]" box="[264,902,1303,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C41CFACC3668EA77" box="[273,370,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 17" captionStartId="44.[264,370,1735,1756]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,317,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[340,1247,315,1741]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 17. Head and anterior part of pronotum, male, lateral view. 8, P. (Plinthisus) rudebecki Slater, 1964. 9, P. (Plinthisus) hirsutus Slater, 1964. 10, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp. 11, P. pulchellus. 12, P. e r i ­ cae. 13, P. fynbosi. 14, P. peninsularis. 15, P. lamprus. 16 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) zuurbergi n. sp. 17 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) drakensbergensis n. sp. Abbreviations: at—antenniferous tubercle, bc—buccula, br—buccular ridges, cs—collar sulcus, j—juga, js—jugal sulcus, la—first labial segment, l—lorum, pppropleural pore, pps—propleural suture, tls—trichobothriumlike setae, ts—tylar sulcus, ty—tylus, v—vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157233/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C472FACC3685EA77" box="[383,415,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="45.[264,370,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[361,1231,339,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[340,1247,326,1751]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Mesopleuron and metapleuron, male. 18, P. rudebecki. 19, P. hirsutus. 20, P. brachyoccus. 21, P. pulchellus. 22, P. e r i c a e. 23, P. fynbosi. 24, P. peninsularis, 25, P. lamprus. 26, P. z u u r b e rg i. 27, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: au—auricle, hm—hemelytron, mf – metapleural flange, mp—mesepimeron, mps—mesopleural sulcus, ms – mesepisternum, mt—metepisternum, sa—scent area, tls – trichobothriumlike setae. Figures 24 to 27 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157234/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C4A6FACC36ECEA77" box="[427,502,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 37" captionStartId="46.[264,370,1738,1759]" captionTargetBox="[351,1190,316,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[340,1247,291,1717]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 37. Male right metathoracic wing, ventral view, 28, P. brachyoccus, macropter, including Fig. 28 a, detail of overlapping stridulitra of wings at rest. Figs 29 – 37, brachypterous metathoracic wings. 29, P. rudebecki. 30, P. hirsutus. 31, P. pulchellus. 32, P. e r ic a e. 33, P. fynbosi. 34, P. peninsularis. 35, P. lamprus. 36, P. z u u r b e rg i. 37, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: Cu—Cubitus, h—hamus, IV—Intervannal veins, M— Medius, mnt—metanotum, mtws—metathoracic wing stridulitrum, Pcss—Postcubital sector stridulitrum, R— Radius, Sc—scutellum, st—stridulitrum, te—teeth. Figures 29 to 37 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">28, 28</figureCitation>
a, 41, 54, 55, 68, 84, 85, 102, 114)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF30AF7EC405FABD362FED30" blockId="7.[264,1323,1382,1889]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF30AF71C405FABD3683EAC6" bold="true" box="[264,409,1382,1408]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description</emphasis>
. Macropterous male. Elongate, robust. Head and anterior pronotal lobe black to very dark chocolate brown. Tylus, anterior margin of pronotum, entire posterior pronotal lobe and femora bright reddish brown. Scutellum castaneous. Hemelytra strongly contrastingly testaceous. Tibiae, tarsi, labium and antennae yellowish, tinged with light tan. Ventral surface dark brown. Surface shining, but not strongly polished; sparsely clothed with inconspicuous short decumbent hairs, these more dense on head and abdominal venter; antennae with moderately long forward­directed hairs on distal ends of segment 2 &amp; 3 and entire segment 4, a strong seta on inner surface of segment 1. A short (0.06) trichobothriumlike seta on eye and 3 setae on tylus; vertex apparently lacking a pair of trichobotriumlike setae (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF30AF71C4A6F9143518E9AF" box="[427,514,1743,1769]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 17" captionStartId="44.[264,370,1735,1756]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,317,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[340,1247,315,1741]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 17. Head and anterior part of pronotum, male, lateral view. 8, P. (Plinthisus) rudebecki Slater, 1964. 9, P. (Plinthisus) hirsutus Slater, 1964. 10, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp. 11, P. pulchellus. 12, P. e r i ­ cae. 13, P. fynbosi. 14, P. peninsularis. 15, P. lamprus. 16 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) zuurbergi n. sp. 17 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) drakensbergensis n. sp. Abbreviations: at—antenniferous tubercle, bc—buccula, br—buccular ridges, cs—collar sulcus, j—juga, js—jugal sulcus, la—first labial segment, l—lorum, pppropleural pore, pps—propleural suture, tls—trichobothriumlike setae, ts—tylar sulcus, ty—tylus, v—vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157233/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Abdominal sternum 3 with cluster of 3 trichobothria, 2 short 1 long on each side of meson of sternum; sternum 4 with 1 trichobothrium on each side of meson, other two normal trichobothria extremely short, difficult to distinguish from body hairs. Trichobothria of abdominal sterna 5, 6, 7 just ventral (entad) and spiracles just dorsal (ectad) of shiny horizontal pseudosuture. Posterior trichobothrial pair on sternum 5 oblique, located on coalescent granulose spots just posterior (0.03) to spiracle and remote (0.15) from posterior margin of segment; trichobothria of sterna 6 and 7 near (0.06) posterior margins of sterna; dorsal trichobothrial hair of posterior pairs on sterna 6 and 7 relatively long (0.25), much longer than ventral trichobothrial hair. Entire exposed dorsal surface prominently punctate; punctures on anterior pronotal lobe large and coarse, nearly as large as those on posterior lobe. Propleura (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3FAF7EC62EFDD73460ED60" box="[803,890,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 17" captionStartId="44.[264,370,1735,1756]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,317,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[340,1247,315,1741]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 17. Head and anterior part of pronotum, male, lateral view. 8, P. (Plinthisus) rudebecki Slater, 1964. 9, P. (Plinthisus) hirsutus Slater, 1964. 10, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp. 11, P. pulchellus. 12, P. e r i ­ cae. 13, P. fynbosi. 14, P. peninsularis. 15, P. lamprus. 16 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) zuurbergi n. sp. 17 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) drakensbergensis n. sp. Abbreviations: at—antenniferous tubercle, bc—buccula, br—buccular ridges, cs—collar sulcus, j—juga, js—jugal sulcus, la—first labial segment, l—lorum, pppropleural pore, pps—propleural suture, tls—trichobothriumlike setae, ts—tylar sulcus, ty—tylus, v—vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157233/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), and area below shining dorsal margin of meso­ and metapleura (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3FAF7EC76AFDEF35A6ED08" box="[615,700,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="45.[264,370,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[361,1231,339,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[340,1247,326,1751]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Mesopleuron and metapleuron, male. 18, P. rudebecki. 19, P. hirsutus. 20, P. brachyoccus. 21, P. pulchellus. 22, P. e r i c a e. 23, P. fynbosi. 24, P. peninsularis, 25, P. lamprus. 26, P. z u u r b e rg i. 27, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: au—auricle, hm—hemelytron, mf – metapleural flange, mp—mesepimeron, mps—mesopleural sulcus, ms – mesepisternum, mt—metepisternum, sa—scent area, tls – trichobothriumlike setae. Figures 24 to 27 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) coarsely punctate­rugulose; acetabula smooth, shining.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3FAF7EC435FD5F3691EB38" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3FAF7EC435FD5F366DEDDB" box="[312,375,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3FAF7EC48AFD5F36C1EDD8" box="[391,475,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 17" captionStartId="44.[264,370,1735,1756]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,317,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[340,1247,315,1741]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 17. Head and anterior part of pronotum, male, lateral view. 8, P. (Plinthisus) rudebecki Slater, 1964. 9, P. (Plinthisus) hirsutus Slater, 1964. 10, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp. 11, P. pulchellus. 12, P. e r i ­ cae. 13, P. fynbosi. 14, P. peninsularis. 15, P. lamprus. 16 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) zuurbergi n. sp. 17 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) drakensbergensis n. sp. Abbreviations: at—antenniferous tubercle, bc—buccula, br—buccular ridges, cs—collar sulcus, j—juga, js—jugal sulcus, la—first labial segment, l—lorum, pppropleural pore, pps—propleural suture, tls—trichobothriumlike setae, ts—tylar sulcus, ty—tylus, v—vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157233/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) strongly declivent; vertex strongly convex. Tylus nearly attaining distal end of first antennal segment. Tylar sutures incised, converging caudad. Length of tylus 0.17, anterior width 0.12. Juga posteriorly strongly convex, anteriorly moderately tumid, apices subacute, almost attaining apex of tylus, jugal sulcus longer than length of eye. Lorum shining, a short low anterior carina along jugal sulcus. Antenniferous tubercles invisible from above; insertion of antennae below and in front of eyes. Ocelli large, oblong, 0.033 X 0.057, placed close (0.031) to inner margin of eye. Eyes narrow, elliptical, and transverse, of about 80 facets, height of eye (0.25) over twice as great as longitudinal length (0.12), and extending laterad to level of anterior pronotal angle. Bucculae relatively high, height (0.10) a little greater than width of first labial segment (0.092), narrowing posteriorly to become merely ridges at level of eyes, these ridges terminating caudad in an elongate V­shaped point at base of head. Visible head length 0.40, width 0.64; interocular space 0.46.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3FAF7FC435FB57335BEE18" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3FAF7EC435FB5736B6EBE3" box="[312,428,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pronotum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3FAF7EC4B0FB573509EBE0" box="[445,531,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 17" captionStartId="44.[264,370,1735,1756]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,317,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[340,1247,315,1741]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 17. Head and anterior part of pronotum, male, lateral view. 8, P. (Plinthisus) rudebecki Slater, 1964. 9, P. (Plinthisus) hirsutus Slater, 1964. 10, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp. 11, P. pulchellus. 12, P. e r i ­ cae. 13, P. fynbosi. 14, P. peninsularis. 15, P. lamprus. 16 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) zuurbergi n. sp. 17 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) drakensbergensis n. sp. Abbreviations: at—antenniferous tubercle, bc—buccula, br—buccular ridges, cs—collar sulcus, j—juga, js—jugal sulcus, la—first labial segment, l—lorum, pppropleural pore, pps—propleural suture, tls—trichobothriumlike setae, ts—tylar sulcus, ty—tylus, v—vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157233/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) convex, slightly higher across anterior than across posterior lobe. Lateral margins sharply carinate, narrowly explanate, forming submarginal pale grooves; margins noticeably sinuate, moderately constricted in region of transverse impression. Width across humeri slightly greater than across anterior lobe; anterior and posterior margins shallowly concave. Pronotal length 0.94, width across anterior lobe 1.18, width across humeri 1.28 (pronotal measurements from male
<typeStatus id="54EB882EAF3FAF7EC661FA8F34CDEA28" box="[876,983,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Scutellum triangular, flat, length 0.78, width 0.82. Corium with lateral margins carinate, gently and evenly arcuate. Midline distance from apex of clavus to apex corium 0.72. Midline distance from apex of corium to apex of abdomen 0.56. Metathoracic scent gland auricle (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3FAF7EC139FA173396EAA0" box="[1076,1164,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="45.[264,370,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[361,1231,339,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[340,1247,326,1751]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Mesopleuron and metapleuron, male. 18, P. rudebecki. 19, P. hirsutus. 20, P. brachyoccus. 21, P. pulchellus. 22, P. e r i c a e. 23, P. fynbosi. 24, P. peninsularis, 25, P. lamprus. 26, P. z u u r b e rg i. 27, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: au—auricle, hm—hemelytron, mf – metapleural flange, mp—mesepimeron, mps—mesopleural sulcus, ms – mesepisternum, mt—metepisternum, sa—scent area, tls – trichobothriumlike setae. Figures 24 to 27 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) simple, produced as a low ledge above pleural surface, apex broadened, tear­drop shaped, and curving caudad; dorsal margin of auricle shining, groove and ventral margin granulose. Scent gland area coarsely granulose, small, covering only ventral (=inner) 1/3 of metepisternum, a narrow fringe extending dorsad along anterior margin of metepisternum nearly to dorsal callosed shining area below corium. Metapleural posterior flange weakly differentiated by depression from metapleuron. Posterior margin of flange nearly straight, dorsal corner rounded. Prosternum (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3FAF7EC703F93F3579E9B8" box="[526,611,1764,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 17" captionStartId="44.[264,370,1735,1756]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,317,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[340,1247,315,1741]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 17. Head and anterior part of pronotum, male, lateral view. 8, P. (Plinthisus) rudebecki Slater, 1964. 9, P. (Plinthisus) hirsutus Slater, 1964. 10, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp. 11, P. pulchellus. 12, P. e r i ­ cae. 13, P. fynbosi. 14, P. peninsularis. 15, P. lamprus. 16 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) zuurbergi n. sp. 17 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) drakensbergensis n. sp. Abbreviations: at—antenniferous tubercle, bc—buccula, br—buccular ridges, cs—collar sulcus, j—juga, js—jugal sulcus, la—first labial segment, l—lorum, pppropleural pore, pps—propleural suture, tls—trichobothriumlike setae, ts—tylar sulcus, ty—tylus, v—vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157233/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) with anterior collar moderately narrow (length 0.14), delineated by weakly defined sulcus that is continuous with groove below lateral margin of pronotum. Mesosternum carinate anteriorly between forelegs, moderately produced and transversely rugose in lightly excavate area between coxal cavity ridges, median furrow absent; ridges adjacent to coxal cavities not deeply impressed mesally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3EAF7FC435FEB735A4E948" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3EAF7FC435FEB736BDEEC3" box="[312,423,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Abdomen</emphasis>
maximum width 1.43, length 1.72. [Abdominal terga (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3EAF7FC132FEB7338DEEC0" box="[1087,1175,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 50" captionStartId="48.[264,370,1660,1681]" captionTargetBox="[404,1232,355,1613]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[340,1247,324,1646]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 50. Abdomen structures. 38 (p. 48), lateral view, male, P. e r ic a e. 39 – 48, left dorsal view, male. 39, P. rudebecki. 40, P. hirsutus. 41, P. brachyoccus. 42, P. pulchellus. 43, P. e r i c a e. 44, P. fynbosi. 45, P. peninsularis. 46, P. lamprus. 47, P. zuurbergi. 48, P. drakensbergensis. 49 – 50, dorsal abdominal segments 5 – 8, female. 49, P. pulchellus. 50, P. fynbosi. Abbreviations: e—epipleurite of connexivum, h—hypopleurite of connexivum, oj— oblique juncture of hypopleurites 4 &amp; 5, pl—plectrum on tergum one, sg—scent gland scar, sp – spiracle, spl—secondary plectrum, St 3 — sternum 3, St 7 — sternum 7, Tg 2 — tergum 2, Tg 6 — tergum 6, Tg 7 — tergum 7, tr—trichobothrium. Figures 44 to 50 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157236/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
) 3–7 lightly arched, more sclerotized than 1 and 2, caudal margin of tergum 7 nearly straight, very slightly convex; sternal sutures 3–4 and 4–5 moderately dovetailed, suture 4–5 bent distinctly cephalad at level of trichobothria, (in female, sterna 4–5 free, intersegmental margin slightly bent cephalad at level of trichobothria); spiracle 5 a little closer (0.17) to posterior margin of segment than are other spiracles; spiracle 8 small but present; terga 1 and 2 (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3EAF7FC46AFD8736DEED30" box="[359,452,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 50" captionStartId="48.[264,370,1660,1681]" captionTargetBox="[404,1232,355,1613]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[340,1247,324,1646]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 50. Abdomen structures. 38 (p. 48), lateral view, male, P. e r ic a e. 39 – 48, left dorsal view, male. 39, P. rudebecki. 40, P. hirsutus. 41, P. brachyoccus. 42, P. pulchellus. 43, P. e r i c a e. 44, P. fynbosi. 45, P. peninsularis. 46, P. lamprus. 47, P. zuurbergi. 48, P. drakensbergensis. 49 – 50, dorsal abdominal segments 5 – 8, female. 49, P. pulchellus. 50, P. fynbosi. Abbreviations: e—epipleurite of connexivum, h—hypopleurite of connexivum, oj— oblique juncture of hypopleurites 4 &amp; 5, pl—plectrum on tergum one, sg—scent gland scar, sp – spiracle, spl—secondary plectrum, St 3 — sternum 3, St 7 — sternum 7, Tg 2 — tergum 2, Tg 6 — tergum 6, Tg 7 — tergum 7, tr—trichobothrium. Figures 44 to 50 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157236/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
) relatively wide (1.08), lightly sclerotized, with lateral margins cleft between terga. Plectrum (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3EAF7FC735FD5F3594EDD8" box="[568,654,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 50" captionStartId="48.[264,370,1660,1681]" captionTargetBox="[404,1232,355,1613]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[340,1247,324,1646]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 50. Abdomen structures. 38 (p. 48), lateral view, male, P. e r ic a e. 39 – 48, left dorsal view, male. 39, P. rudebecki. 40, P. hirsutus. 41, P. brachyoccus. 42, P. pulchellus. 43, P. e r i c a e. 44, P. fynbosi. 45, P. peninsularis. 46, P. lamprus. 47, P. zuurbergi. 48, P. drakensbergensis. 49 – 50, dorsal abdominal segments 5 – 8, female. 49, P. pulchellus. 50, P. fynbosi. Abbreviations: e—epipleurite of connexivum, h—hypopleurite of connexivum, oj— oblique juncture of hypopleurites 4 &amp; 5, pl—plectrum on tergum one, sg—scent gland scar, sp – spiracle, spl—secondary plectrum, St 3 — sternum 3, St 7 — sternum 7, Tg 2 — tergum 2, Tg 6 — tergum 6, Tg 7 — tergum 7, tr—trichobothrium. Figures 44 to 50 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157236/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
) on tergum 1 moderately sclerotized, small, width 0.14, length 0.12, striae 1.7 µ apart. Abdominal tergum 3 longest in middle, very slightly carinate along posterior margin, tergal suture 3–4 curving slightly caudad; tergal sutures 4–5 and 5–6 dovetailed, sutures curving caudad so that tergum 6 on midline is shorter than either tergum 4, 5, or 7. Maximum width of terga (across 2 and 4) 1.08; medial tergal lengths 1–0.20, 2–0.05, 3–0.16, 4–0.39, 5–0.33, 6–0.17, 7–0.28. Scent gland scar widths 3–4: 0.03 (anterior scent gland absent or a single pore), 4–5: 0.15, 5–6: 0.20. Terga 6 and 7 and posterior 1/3 of tergum 5 inflexed and grooved laterad to receive connexivum. Connexivum relatively wide, widest across junction of hypopleurites 5 and 6, narrowed cephalad and caudad. Epipleurites 3–6 relatively wide (0.05); hypopleurites 5–6 juncture oblique, others transverse, epipleurite 6 narrowed caudad; hypopleurite widths 2–0.03, 3– 0.6, 4–0.9, 5–0.11, 6–0.12, 7–0.04; lengths 2–0.07, 3–0.18, 4–0.25, 5–0.36, 6–0.47, 7– 0.37; tergum 7 and sternum 7 internally lightly impressed for reception of segment 8 and genital capsule, two apodemes 0.04 apart on anterior margin of sternum 8. Genital capsule (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3EAF7FC41CFB6F36ADEB88" box="[273,439,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 65" captionStartId="50.[264,370,1706,1727]" captionTargetBox="[362,1207,344,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[340,1247,324,1711]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 65. Genital capsule, dorsal view (d. v.), lateral view (l. v.). 51, P. hirsutus, d. v. 52, P. hirsutus, l. v. 53, P. pulchellus, d. v. 54, P. brachyoccus, d. v. 55, P. brachyoccus, l. v. 56, P. lamprus, d. v. 57, P. e r i c a e, d. v. 58, P. e r i c a e, l. v. 59, P. drakensbergensis, d. v. 60, P. fynbosi, d. v. 61, P. fynbosi, l. v. 61 a, P. rudebecki, d. v. 62, P. peninsularis, d. v. 63, P. peninsularis, l. v. 64, P. z u u r b e rg i, d. v. 65, P. zuurberg, l. v. Abbreviations: ap—accessory sperm pump, as—anal sclerites, cl—clasper in place, co—clasper opening, do—dorsal opening, epepiproct, p—parandria, pa—paraprocts, pr—posterior rim. Figures 62 to 65 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157237/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 54 &amp; 55</figureCitation>
) width 0.36, posterior rim nearly transverse, bluntly carinate; dorsal opening large compared to clasper opening, parandria slender, fingerlike; epiproct and paraprocts fused into a ringlike structure open ventrally (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3EAF7FC695FADF34EEEA58" box="[920,1012,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 65" captionStartId="50.[264,370,1706,1727]" captionTargetBox="[362,1207,344,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[340,1247,324,1711]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 65. Genital capsule, dorsal view (d. v.), lateral view (l. v.). 51, P. hirsutus, d. v. 52, P. hirsutus, l. v. 53, P. pulchellus, d. v. 54, P. brachyoccus, d. v. 55, P. brachyoccus, l. v. 56, P. lamprus, d. v. 57, P. e r i c a e, d. v. 58, P. e r i c a e, l. v. 59, P. drakensbergensis, d. v. 60, P. fynbosi, d. v. 61, P. fynbosi, l. v. 61 a, P. rudebecki, d. v. 62, P. peninsularis, d. v. 63, P. peninsularis, l. v. 64, P. z u u r b e rg i, d. v. 65, P. zuurberg, l. v. Abbreviations: ap—accessory sperm pump, as—anal sclerites, cl—clasper in place, co—clasper opening, do—dorsal opening, epepiproct, p—parandria, pa—paraprocts, pr—posterior rim. Figures 62 to 65 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157237/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
); anal sclerites a flaplike structure. Clasper (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3EAF7FC4E2FAF7355DEA00" box="[495,583,1324,1350]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 79" captionStartId="51.[264,370,1763,1784]" captionTargetBox="[358,1234,360,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[340,1247,324,1750]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 79. Left clasper, area of attachment down, frontal view, except 70 and 76, lateral view (l. v.). 66, P. rudebecki. 67, P. hirsutus. 68, P. brachycoccus. 69, P. pulchellus. 70, P. pulchellus l. v. 71, P. (Isioscytus) himyaritus Linnavuori, 1978. 72, P. eri ca e. 73, P. fynbos. 74, P. fynbos, l. v. 75, P. (Nanoplinthisus) muticus Slater, 1964. 76, P. peninsularis. 77, P. lamprus. 78, P. z u u r b e rg i. 79, P. drakensbergensis. Abbeviations: aarea of attachment, b—blade, i—inner projection, o—outer projection, s—shank, tp—tip." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157238/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
) straight with small carina under the inner projection; small hairs on tip and three setae on mesal surface of blade. Phallus (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3EAF7FC6FCFA8F338CEA28" box="[1009,1174,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 99" captionStartId="52.[264,370,1670,1691]" captionTargetBox="[373,1217,311,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[340,1235,286,1675]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 99. Phallus, dorsal (or frontal) view (d. v.) and lateral view (l. v.). 80, P. rudebecki, d. v. 81, P. rudebecki, l. v. 82, P. hirsutus, d. v. 83, P. hirsutus, l. v. 84, P. brachyoccus, d. v. 85, P. brachyoccus, l. v. 86, P. pulchellus, d. v. 87, P. pulchellus, l. v. 88, P. e r i c a e, d. v. 89, P. e r ic a e, l. v. 90, P. fynbosi, d. v. 91, P. fynbosi, l. v. 92, P. peninsularis, d. v. 93, P. peninsularis, l. v. 94, P. lamprus, d. v. 95, P. lamprus, l. v. 96, P. z u u r b e rg i, d. v. 97, P. z u u r b e rg i, l. v. 98, P. drakensbergensis, d. v. 99, P. drakensbergensis, l. v. Abbreviations: ap—accessory pump, ba—basal apparatus, gp—gonoporal process, hp—helicoid process, hs—holding sclerites, pt—phallotheca, n—reservoir neck, rb—reservoir body, se—sleeve, sr—sperm reservoir, w—wings. Figures 90 to 99 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157239/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 84 &amp; 85</figureCitation>
) moderately long with sleeve extending half way up the gonoporal process; wings of reservoir very small on distal part of body near neck; holding sclerites small and slender. Spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3EAF7FC41CFA173677EAA0" box="[273,365,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURES 100 – 108" captionStartId="54.[264,370,1770,1791]" captionTargetBox="[351,1180,342,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[340,1247,324,1750]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 100 – 108. Spermatheca. 100, P. rudebecki Slater. 101, P. hirsutus Slater. 102, P. brachyoccus. 103, P. pulchellus. 104. P. e r i c a e. 105, P. fynbosi. 106, P. peninsularis. 107, P. lamprus. 108, P. z u u r b e rg i. 109, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: bd—basal duct, bu—bulb, dd—distal duct." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157240/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig.102</figureCitation>
) very unusual in lacking basal duct, having only sclerotized distal duct; bulb hemispherical. Valvulae length 0.52].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3EAF7FC435F9C73216E990" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3EAF7FC435F9C736B2E973" box="[312,424,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Profemur</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3EAF7FC4BAF9C73503E970" box="[439,537,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 110 – 120" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[343,1234,326,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[340,1247,324,1733]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 110 – 120. Male prothoracic leg, inside (anterior) view. 110, P. (Locutius) herbarum Lindberg, 1958. 111, P. (Plinthisus) brevipennis, Latreille, 1807. 112, P. (Dasythisus) indentatus Barber, 1918. 113, P. hirsutus. 114, P. brachyoccus. 115, P. pulchellus. 116, P. ericae. 117, P. fynbosi. 118, P. peninsularis. 119, P. lamprus. 120, P. zuurbergi. 121, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: ats—apical tibial spine, fs—profemoral spines, fsl—profemoral sulcus, pcs—procoxal spine, tbs—protibial spine, tsl—protibial sulcus, tt—protibial tubercles, sr—spur." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157241/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 114</figureCitation>
) strongly incrassate, armed below with 2 rows of spines; inner row with 2 or 3 very large spines; metatibia with two rows of 4 and 1 spurs; mesotibia with two rows of 3 and 2 spurs. Labium elongate, extending between metacoxae. Length labial segments: I 0.44, II 0.50, [III 0.42, IV 0.30]. Antennae with segments 2 and 3 distinctly clavate. Length antennal segments: I 0.21, II 0.40, III 0.61, IV 0.40. Total body length 3.80.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3EAF7CC435F93F35EBEEC0" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1325,284,1390]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3EAF7FC435F93F3521E9B8" bold="true" box="[312,571,1764,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brachypterous form</emphasis>
: Coarsely punctate (as in macropter) over entire hemelytron. Clavus and corium fused. Lateral corial margins carinate and evenly and narrowly convex. Apical hemelytral margin strongly angulate, slightly convex, laterally extending over anterior portion of tergum 6 but leaving most of tergum 5 exposed mesally; a distinct membrane remnant present. Length hemelytron 1.54, maximum width 0.72; length hemelytral commissure 0.68. Total body length 3.44.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A6507AF3DAF7CC435FE483653EDD8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3DAF7CC435FE48352BEEB8" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC435FE483531EEEB" bold="true" box="[312,555,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material Examined</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54EB882EAF3DAF7CC737FE4F35C0EEE8" box="[570,730,404,430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: Macropterous male.
<collectingCountry id="F347761CAF3DAF7CC6DBFE4F3359EEE8" box="[982,1091,404,430]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CONGO</collectingCountry>
: Lusinga,
<quantity id="4CA89B69AF3DAF7CC1B6FE4F323BEEE8" box="[1211,1313,404,430]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1.76">1.760 m</quantity>
., Parc Nacional Upemba,
<date id="FFEE104CAF3DAF7CC73DFE6735C5EE90" box="[560,735,444,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1949-04-22" valueMax="1949-04-23" valueMin="1949-04-22">22­23­IV­1949</date>
(Mis. G. F. de Witte 2540a). In
<collectingCountry id="F347761CAF3DAF7CC160FE6733A1EE90" box="[1133,1211,444,470]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Congo</collectingCountry>
National Parks Museum, Brussels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3DAF7CC435FDD73653EDD8" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="54EB882EAF3DAF7CC435FDD736FFED60" box="[312,485,524,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="F347761CAF3DAF7CC4FFFDD73545ED60" box="[498,607,524,550]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CONGO</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D56FD05AF3DAF7CC761FDD735A7ED60" box="[620,701,524,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(macropter) same data as
<typeStatus id="54EB882EAF3DAF7CC6F0FDD73372ED60" box="[1021,1128,524,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCount id="9D56FD05AF3DAF7CC178FDD733C7ED60" box="[1141,1245,524,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(brachypter) same data as
<typeStatus id="54EB882EAF3DAF7CC70EFDEF3570ED08" box="[515,618,564,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except
<date id="FFEE104CAF3DAF7CC7CBFDEF3449ED08" box="[710,851,564,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1947-03-15">15­III­1947</date>
.
<specimenCount id="9D56FD05AF3DAF7CC652FDEF34B5ED08" box="[863,943,564,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(brachypter) Lusindoi,
<date id="FFEE104CAF3DAF7CC1C5FDEF365BED30" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1911-08-27">27­VIII­ 1911</date>
(L. Gengeon). In Museu do Afrique Centrale, in J. A. Slater and M. H. Sweet collections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A6507AF3DAF7CC435FD773671EC78" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3DAF7CC435FD773671EC78" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC435FD7736A7ED80" bold="true" box="[312,445,684,710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific name
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC7B3FD773448ED83" box="[702,850,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoccus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC7B3FD773448ED83" box="[702,850,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">brachyoccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Greek, the prefix brachy­ from brachys, meaning short, and the stem ­occus from okkus, meaning eye, in reference to the greatly foreshortened eyes of this species, which is unique among the
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC1FCFD27367DEC78" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Plinthisinae">Plinthisinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A6507AF3DAF7CC435FC973575EAA5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3DAF7CC435FC9734FFEB38" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC435FC9736D9EC20" bold="true" box="[312,451,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Discussion.</emphasis>
We place the
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC78FFC973403EC20" box="[642,793,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoccus">Brachyoccus</taxonomicName>
Species­Group in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC1B8FC9736B7ECC8" authority="Wagner" authorityName="Wagner" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC1B8FC973653ECCB" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plinthisus sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B7DAF3DAF7CC45FFCAF36B7ECC8" author="Wagner" box="[338,429,884,910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Wagner, E. (1963) Die palaearktischen Arten der Gattung Plinthisus Stephens, 1829. Reichenbachia, 2 (50), 95 - 157." type="journal article" year="1963">Wagner</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(1963, 1964) because the pronotum is relatively long as compared with its width and there are two rows of spines on the male profemur. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC17AFC473230ECF3" box="[1143,1322,924,950]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoccus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC17AFC47339CECF3" box="[1143,1158,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC19BFC473230ECF3" box="[1174,1322,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">brachyoccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other known species of
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC7BCFC1F3423EC9B" box="[689,825,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC7BCFC1F343CEC9B" box="[689,806,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto" status="s">Plinthisus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757E5AF3DAF7CC623FC1F3423EC9B" box="[814,825,964,989]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" sensu="stricto">s</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC645FC1F3449EC9B" box="[840,851,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">s</emphasis>
. in having the entire dorsum evenly and coarsely punctate, and is especially distinguished by the narrow foreshortened eyes (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC1F6FC373632EB68" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 17" captionStartId="44.[264,370,1735,1756]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,317,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[340,1247,315,1741]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 17. Head and anterior part of pronotum, male, lateral view. 8, P. (Plinthisus) rudebecki Slater, 1964. 9, P. (Plinthisus) hirsutus Slater, 1964. 10, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp. 11, P. pulchellus. 12, P. e r i ­ cae. 13, P. fynbosi. 14, P. peninsularis. 15, P. lamprus. 16 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) zuurbergi n. sp. 17 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) drakensbergensis n. sp. Abbreviations: at—antenniferous tubercle, bc—buccula, br—buccular ridges, cs—collar sulcus, j—juga, js—jugal sulcus, la—first labial segment, l—lorum, pppropleural pore, pps—propleural suture, tls—trichobothriumlike setae, ts—tylar sulcus, ty—tylus, v—vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157233/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), which are unique within the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC7E7FBCF3445EB6B" box="[746,863,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC7E7FBCF3445EB6B" box="[746,863,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plinthisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also unique is the spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC1F6FBCF362FEB10" captionStart="FIGURES 100 – 108" captionStartId="54.[264,370,1770,1791]" captionTargetBox="[351,1180,342,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[340,1247,324,1750]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 100 – 108. Spermatheca. 100, P. rudebecki Slater. 101, P. hirsutus Slater. 102, P. brachyoccus. 103, P. pulchellus. 104. P. e r i c a e. 105, P. fynbosi. 106, P. peninsularis. 107, P. lamprus. 108, P. z u u r b e rg i. 109, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: bd—basal duct, bu—bulb, dd—distal duct." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157240/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
) in which the entire duct is sclerotized, whereas in all other
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC115FBE733B8EB10" box="[1048,1186,1084,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Plinthisinae">Plinthisinae</taxonomicName>
the duct is divided into a basal unsclerotized and a distal sclerotized duct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3DAF7CC435FB5735A3EA28" blockId="10.[264,1325,284,1390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
We tentatively include
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC741FB5734CAEBE0" authority="Linnavuori, 1989" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1989" box="[588,976,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debaroensis">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC741FB573541EBE3" box="[588,603,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC761FB5735E2EBE3" box="[620,760,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">debaroensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B7DAF3DAF7CC60FFB5734CAEBE0" author="Linnavuori" box="[770,976,1164,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Linnavuori, R. (1989) Heteroptera of Yemen and South Yemen. Acta Entomologici Fennica, 54, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1989">
Linnavuori,
<quantity id="4CA89B69AF3DAF7CC698FB5734CAEBE0" box="[917,976,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05206" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="1989.0">1989</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC12BFB5733A7EBE0" box="[1062,1213,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoccus">Brachyoccus</taxonomicName>
Species­ Group because the entire pronotum is similarly coarsely punctate and the male protibia is only slightly bent (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B7DAF3DAF7CC4EEFB0735B6EBB0" author="Linnavuori" box="[483,684,1244,1270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Linnavuori, R. (1989) Heteroptera of Yemen and South Yemen. Acta Entomologici Fennica, 54, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1989">Linnavuori 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC7CCFB073470EBB3" box="[705,874,1244,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debaroensis">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC7CCFB0735CAEBB3" box="[705,720,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC7D3FB073470EBB3" box="[734,874,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">debaroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC108FB0733ACEBB3" box="[1029,1206,1244,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoccus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC108FB07330EEBB3" box="[1029,1044,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC12FFB0733ACEBB3" box="[1058,1206,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">brachyoccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having very small eyes (width 1/6 of interocular space) and being much smaller,
<quantity id="4CA89B69AF3DAF7CC16EFADF33A7EA58" box="[1123,1213,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
in length as compared to
<quantity id="4CA89B69AF3DAF7CC4CDFAF73557EA00" box="[448,589,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.5999999999999996" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.8 mm</quantity>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC770FAF73434EA03" box="[637,814,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyoccus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC770FAF73596EA03" box="[637,652,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC797FAF73434EA03" box="[666,814,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">brachyoccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further study may show that these species to belong in separate species­groups.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3DAF7CC405FA103575EAA5" blockId="10.[264,623,1483,1507]" box="[264,623,1483,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC405FA103575EAA5" bold="true" box="[264,623,1483,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC405FA10368AEAA5" box="[264,400,1483,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">HIRSUTUS</taxonomicName>
SPECIES­GROUP
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A6507AF3DAF7DC405F9CF3493ED80" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3DAF7CC405F9CF3454E910" blockId="10.[264,1011,1556,1622]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC405F9CF36D0E96B" box="[264,458,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Included species</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC4D7F9CF34F7E968" authority="Slater, 1964" authorityName="Slater" authorityYear="1964" box="[474,1005,1556,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus" subGenus="Plinthisus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC4D7F9CF34F7E968" bold="true" box="[474,1005,1556,1582]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC4D7F9CF354EE968" bold="true" box="[474,596,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plinthisus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC768F9CF35C5E968" bold="true" box="[613,735,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plinthisus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC7FCF9CF344EE968" bold="true" box="[753,852,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">hirsutus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B7DAF3DAF7CC656F9CF34F7E968" author="Slater" box="[859,1005,1556,1582]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Slater, J. A. (1964) Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Lygaeidae. South African Animal Life 10, 15 - 228." type="journal article" year="1964">Slater, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC41CF9E73668E910" box="[273,370,1596,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 17" captionStartId="44.[264,370,1735,1756]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,317,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[340,1247,315,1741]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 17. Head and anterior part of pronotum, male, lateral view. 8, P. (Plinthisus) rudebecki Slater, 1964. 9, P. (Plinthisus) hirsutus Slater, 1964. 10, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp. 11, P. pulchellus. 12, P. e r i ­ cae. 13, P. fynbosi. 14, P. peninsularis. 15, P. lamprus. 16 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) zuurbergi n. sp. 17 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) drakensbergensis n. sp. Abbreviations: at—antenniferous tubercle, bc—buccula, br—buccular ridges, cs—collar sulcus, j—juga, js—jugal sulcus, la—first labial segment, l—lorum, pppropleural pore, pps—propleural suture, tls—trichobothriumlike setae, ts—tylar sulcus, ty—tylus, v—vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157233/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC472F9E73684E910" box="[383,414,1596,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="45.[264,370,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[361,1231,339,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[340,1247,326,1751]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Mesopleuron and metapleuron, male. 18, P. rudebecki. 19, P. hirsutus. 20, P. brachyoccus. 21, P. pulchellus. 22, P. e r i c a e. 23, P. fynbosi. 24, P. peninsularis, 25, P. lamprus. 26, P. z u u r b e rg i. 27, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: au—auricle, hm—hemelytron, mf – metapleural flange, mp—mesepimeron, mps—mesopleural sulcus, ms – mesepisternum, mt—metepisternum, sa—scent area, tls – trichobothriumlike setae. Figures 24 to 27 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157234/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC4A6F9E736D1E910" box="[427,459,1596,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 37" captionStartId="46.[264,370,1738,1759]" captionTargetBox="[351,1190,316,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[340,1247,291,1717]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 37. Male right metathoracic wing, ventral view, 28, P. brachyoccus, macropter, including Fig. 28 a, detail of overlapping stridulitra of wings at rest. Figs 29 – 37, brachypterous metathoracic wings. 29, P. rudebecki. 30, P. hirsutus. 31, P. pulchellus. 32, P. e r ic a e. 33, P. fynbosi. 34, P. peninsularis. 35, P. lamprus. 36, P. z u u r b e rg i. 37, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: Cu—Cubitus, h—hamus, IV—Intervannal veins, M— Medius, mnt—metanotum, mtws—metathoracic wing stridulitrum, Pcss—Postcubital sector stridulitrum, R— Radius, Sc—scutellum, st—stridulitrum, te—teeth. Figures 29 to 37 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157235/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC4DAF9E736EDE910" box="[471,503,1596,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 50" captionStartId="48.[264,370,1660,1681]" captionTargetBox="[404,1232,355,1613]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[340,1247,324,1646]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 50. Abdomen structures. 38 (p. 48), lateral view, male, P. e r ic a e. 39 – 48, left dorsal view, male. 39, P. rudebecki. 40, P. hirsutus. 41, P. brachyoccus. 42, P. pulchellus. 43, P. e r i c a e. 44, P. fynbosi. 45, P. peninsularis. 46, P. lamprus. 47, P. zuurbergi. 48, P. drakensbergensis. 49 – 50, dorsal abdominal segments 5 – 8, female. 49, P. pulchellus. 50, P. fynbosi. Abbreviations: e—epipleurite of connexivum, h—hypopleurite of connexivum, oj— oblique juncture of hypopleurites 4 &amp; 5, pl—plectrum on tergum one, sg—scent gland scar, sp – spiracle, spl—secondary plectrum, St 3 — sternum 3, St 7 — sternum 7, Tg 2 — tergum 2, Tg 6 — tergum 6, Tg 7 — tergum 7, tr—trichobothrium. Figures 44 to 50 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157236/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">40</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC70EF9E73554E910" box="[515,590,1596,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 65" captionStartId="50.[264,370,1706,1727]" captionTargetBox="[362,1207,344,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[340,1247,324,1711]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 65. Genital capsule, dorsal view (d. v.), lateral view (l. v.). 51, P. hirsutus, d. v. 52, P. hirsutus, l. v. 53, P. pulchellus, d. v. 54, P. brachyoccus, d. v. 55, P. brachyoccus, l. v. 56, P. lamprus, d. v. 57, P. e r i c a e, d. v. 58, P. e r i c a e, l. v. 59, P. drakensbergensis, d. v. 60, P. fynbosi, d. v. 61, P. fynbosi, l. v. 61 a, P. rudebecki, d. v. 62, P. peninsularis, d. v. 63, P. peninsularis, l. v. 64, P. z u u r b e rg i, d. v. 65, P. zuurberg, l. v. Abbreviations: ap—accessory sperm pump, as—anal sclerites, cl—clasper in place, co—clasper opening, do—dorsal opening, epepiproct, p—parandria, pa—paraprocts, pr—posterior rim. Figures 62 to 65 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157237/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">51, 52</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC756F9E73561E910" box="[603,635,1596,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 79" captionStartId="51.[264,370,1763,1784]" captionTargetBox="[358,1234,360,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[340,1247,324,1750]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 79. Left clasper, area of attachment down, frontal view, except 70 and 76, lateral view (l. v.). 66, P. rudebecki. 67, P. hirsutus. 68, P. brachycoccus. 69, P. pulchellus. 70, P. pulchellus l. v. 71, P. (Isioscytus) himyaritus Linnavuori, 1978. 72, P. eri ca e. 73, P. fynbos. 74, P. fynbos, l. v. 75, P. (Nanoplinthisus) muticus Slater, 1964. 76, P. peninsularis. 77, P. lamprus. 78, P. z u u r b e rg i. 79, P. drakensbergensis. Abbeviations: aarea of attachment, b—blade, i—inner projection, o—outer projection, s—shank, tp—tip." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157238/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">67</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC78BF9E735C8E910" box="[646,722,1596,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 99" captionStartId="52.[264,370,1670,1691]" captionTargetBox="[373,1217,311,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[340,1235,286,1675]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 99. Phallus, dorsal (or frontal) view (d. v.) and lateral view (l. v.). 80, P. rudebecki, d. v. 81, P. rudebecki, l. v. 82, P. hirsutus, d. v. 83, P. hirsutus, l. v. 84, P. brachyoccus, d. v. 85, P. brachyoccus, l. v. 86, P. pulchellus, d. v. 87, P. pulchellus, l. v. 88, P. e r i c a e, d. v. 89, P. e r ic a e, l. v. 90, P. fynbosi, d. v. 91, P. fynbosi, l. v. 92, P. peninsularis, d. v. 93, P. peninsularis, l. v. 94, P. lamprus, d. v. 95, P. lamprus, l. v. 96, P. z u u r b e rg i, d. v. 97, P. z u u r b e rg i, l. v. 98, P. drakensbergensis, d. v. 99, P. drakensbergensis, l. v. Abbreviations: ap—accessory pump, ba—basal apparatus, gp—gonoporal process, hp—helicoid process, hs—holding sclerites, pt—phallotheca, n—reservoir neck, rb—reservoir body, se—sleeve, sr—sperm reservoir, w—wings. Figures 90 to 99 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157239/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">82, 83</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC7D3F9E73416E910" box="[734,780,1596,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 100 – 108" captionStartId="54.[264,370,1770,1791]" captionTargetBox="[351,1180,342,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[340,1247,324,1750]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 100 – 108. Spermatheca. 100, P. rudebecki Slater. 101, P. hirsutus Slater. 102, P. brachyoccus. 103, P. pulchellus. 104. P. e r i c a e. 105, P. fynbosi. 106, P. peninsularis. 107, P. lamprus. 108, P. z u u r b e rg i. 109, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: bd—basal duct, bu—bulb, dd—distal duct." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157240/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">101</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC614F9E7345FE910" box="[793,837,1596,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 110 – 120" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[343,1234,326,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[340,1247,324,1733]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 110 – 120. Male prothoracic leg, inside (anterior) view. 110, P. (Locutius) herbarum Lindberg, 1958. 111, P. (Plinthisus) brevipennis, Latreille, 1807. 112, P. (Dasythisus) indentatus Barber, 1918. 113, P. hirsutus. 114, P. brachyoccus. 115, P. pulchellus. 116, P. ericae. 117, P. fynbosi. 118, P. peninsularis. 119, P. lamprus. 120, P. zuurbergi. 121, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: ats—apical tibial spine, fs—profemoral spines, fsl—profemoral sulcus, pcs—procoxal spine, tbs—protibial spine, tsl—protibial sulcus, tt—protibial tubercles, sr—spur." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157241/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">113</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF368CAF3DAF7DC405F9573493ED80" blockId="10.[264,1323,1676,1902]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1324,284,710]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC405F95736D5E9E0" authority="Slater" authorityName="Slater" box="[264,463,1676,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC405F957369EE9E3" box="[264,388,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. hirsutus</emphasis>
Slater
</taxonomicName>
resembles superficially the subgenus
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC686F9573316E9E3" box="[907,1036,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dasythisus</emphasis>
Wagner,
<quantity id="4CA89B69AF3DAF7CC176F95733CEE9E0" box="[1147,1236,1676,1702]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.98856" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="1964.0">1964 in</quantity>
having long upright hairs, a character
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B7DAF3DAF7CC771F96F3402E988" author="Slater" box="[636,792,1716,1742]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Slater, J. A. (1964) Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Lygaeidae. South African Animal Life 10, 15 - 228." type="journal article" year="1964">Slater (1964)</bibRefCitation>
remarked on in comparing
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC161F96F33F0E98B" box="[1132,1258,1716,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC161F96F33F0E98B" box="[1132,1258,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. hirsutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC018F96F36F1E9B0" authority="Uhler" authorityName="Uhler" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compactus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC018F96F369FE9B3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. compactus</emphasis>
(Uhler)
</taxonomicName>
. (The Nearctic species
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC600F907336AE9B0" authority="Uhler" authorityName="Uhler" box="[781,1136,1756,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compactus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC600F9073311E9B3" box="[781,1035,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plinthisus compactus</emphasis>
(Uhler)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC18CF9073696E858" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC18CF9073231E9B3" box="[1153,1323,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. americanus</emphasis>
Van Duzee
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC4C6F8DF35A1E858" authority="Barber" authorityName="Barber" box="[459,699,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indentatus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC4C6F8DF3579E85B" box="[459,611,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. indentatus</emphasis>
Barber
</taxonomicName>
should be placed in the Palearctic subgenus
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC1C3F8DF362FE803" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dasythisus</emphasis>
.) However, unlike
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC711F8F73587E803" box="[540,669,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dasythisus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC7A2F8F7340FE800" box="[687,789,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURES 110 – 120" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[343,1234,326,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[340,1247,324,1733]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 110 – 120. Male prothoracic leg, inside (anterior) view. 110, P. (Locutius) herbarum Lindberg, 1958. 111, P. (Plinthisus) brevipennis, Latreille, 1807. 112, P. (Dasythisus) indentatus Barber, 1918. 113, P. hirsutus. 114, P. brachyoccus. 115, P. pulchellus. 116, P. ericae. 117, P. fynbosi. 118, P. peninsularis. 119, P. lamprus. 120, P. zuurbergi. 121, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: ats—apical tibial spine, fs—profemoral spines, fsl—profemoral sulcus, pcs—procoxal spine, tbs—protibial spine, tsl—protibial sulcus, tt—protibial tubercles, sr—spur." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157241/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 112</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC621F8F734B0E803" box="[812,938,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC621F8F734B0E803" box="[812,938,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. hirsutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not have a large tooth­like spur midway on the male protibia (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3DAF7CC7BDF88F3402E828" box="[688,792,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURES 110 – 120" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[343,1234,326,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[340,1247,324,1733]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 110 – 120. Male prothoracic leg, inside (anterior) view. 110, P. (Locutius) herbarum Lindberg, 1958. 111, P. (Plinthisus) brevipennis, Latreille, 1807. 112, P. (Dasythisus) indentatus Barber, 1918. 113, P. hirsutus. 114, P. brachyoccus. 115, P. pulchellus. 116, P. ericae. 117, P. fynbosi. 118, P. peninsularis. 119, P. lamprus. 120, P. zuurbergi. 121, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: ats—apical tibial spine, fs—profemoral spines, fsl—profemoral sulcus, pcs—procoxal spine, tbs—protibial spine, tsl—protibial sulcus, tt—protibial tubercles, sr—spur." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157241/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 113</figureCitation>
). Because the male protibia of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3DAF7CC19DF88F3217E82B" box="[1168,1293,1876,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3DAF7CC19DF88F3217E82B" box="[1168,1293,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. hirsutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctly bowed as in
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3CAF7DC702FEC735AEEE73" box="[527,692,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC702FEC735AEEE73" box="[527,692,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. brevipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3CAF7DC7CEFEC7343DEE70" box="[707,807,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 110 – 120" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[343,1234,326,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[340,1247,324,1733]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 110 – 120. Male prothoracic leg, inside (anterior) view. 110, P. (Locutius) herbarum Lindberg, 1958. 111, P. (Plinthisus) brevipennis, Latreille, 1807. 112, P. (Dasythisus) indentatus Barber, 1918. 113, P. hirsutus. 114, P. brachyoccus. 115, P. pulchellus. 116, P. ericae. 117, P. fynbosi. 118, P. peninsularis. 119, P. lamprus. 120, P. zuurbergi. 121, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: ats—apical tibial spine, fs—profemoral spines, fsl—profemoral sulcus, pcs—procoxal spine, tbs—protibial spine, tsl—protibial sulcus, tt—protibial tubercles, sr—spur." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157241/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 111</figureCitation>
), the
<typeStatus id="54EB882EAF3CAF7DC66AFEC73480EE70" box="[871,922,284,310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3CAF7DC116FEC7338AEE73" box="[1051,1168,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC116FEC7338AEE73" box="[1051,1168,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Plinthisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(s. s.), rather than slightly bent as in
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC72CFE9F359CEE1B" box="[545,646,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Locutius</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3CAF7DC795FE9F35E4EE18" box="[664,766,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 110 – 120" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[343,1234,326,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[340,1247,324,1733]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 110 – 120. Male prothoracic leg, inside (anterior) view. 110, P. (Locutius) herbarum Lindberg, 1958. 111, P. (Plinthisus) brevipennis, Latreille, 1807. 112, P. (Dasythisus) indentatus Barber, 1918. 113, P. hirsutus. 114, P. brachyoccus. 115, P. pulchellus. 116, P. ericae. 117, P. fynbosi. 118, P. peninsularis. 119, P. lamprus. 120, P. zuurbergi. 121, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: ats—apical tibial spine, fs—profemoral spines, fsl—profemoral sulcus, pcs—procoxal spine, tbs—protibial spine, tsl—protibial sulcus, tt—protibial tubercles, sr—spur." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157241/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 110</figureCitation>
), and the brachypterous pronotum is relatively long as compared to its width (ratio 1.18) as in
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3CAF7DC621FEB734BBEEC3" box="[812,929,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC621FEB734BBEEC3" box="[812,929,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Plinthisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC6BFFEB734A7EEC3" box="[946,957,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">s</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC6C1FEB734CDEEC3" box="[972,983,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">s</emphasis>
.), rather than relatively short as in
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC448FE4F36B0EEEB" box="[325,426,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Locutius</emphasis>
(ratio 1.46),
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3CAF7DC74FFE4F35A7EEEB" box="[578,701,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC74FFE4F35A7EEEB" box="[578,701,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. hirsutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fits Wagner's concept of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3CAF7DC18CFE4F33ECEEEB" box="[1153,1270,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC18CFE4F33ECEEEB" box="[1153,1270,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Plinthisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
better than the subgenus
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC706FE67356AEE93" box="[523,624,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Locutius</emphasis>
and is therefore provisionally placed in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3CAF7DC1FDFE673656EEBB" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC1FDFE673656EEBB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Plinthisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although as indicated above and in the key,
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3CAF7DC658FE3F34D5EEBB" box="[853,975,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC658FE3F34D5EEBB" box="[853,975,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. hirsutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
certainly represents a distinct species­group. In support of the uniqueness of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D0FAF3CAF7DC63AFDD734AEED63" box="[823,948,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="B924EA9EAF3CAF7DC63AFDD734AEED63" box="[823,948,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. hirsutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the unusual double plectrum (pl and spl) in the male abdomen (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3CAF7DC7AAFDEF341BED08" box="[679,769,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 50" captionStartId="48.[264,370,1660,1681]" captionTargetBox="[404,1232,355,1613]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[340,1247,324,1646]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 50. Abdomen structures. 38 (p. 48), lateral view, male, P. e r ic a e. 39 – 48, left dorsal view, male. 39, P. rudebecki. 40, P. hirsutus. 41, P. brachyoccus. 42, P. pulchellus. 43, P. e r i c a e. 44, P. fynbosi. 45, P. peninsularis. 46, P. lamprus. 47, P. zuurbergi. 48, P. drakensbergensis. 49 – 50, dorsal abdominal segments 5 – 8, female. 49, P. pulchellus. 50, P. fynbosi. Abbreviations: e—epipleurite of connexivum, h—hypopleurite of connexivum, oj— oblique juncture of hypopleurites 4 &amp; 5, pl—plectrum on tergum one, sg—scent gland scar, sp – spiracle, spl—secondary plectrum, St 3 — sternum 3, St 7 — sternum 7, Tg 2 — tergum 2, Tg 6 — tergum 6, Tg 7 — tergum 7, tr—trichobothrium. Figures 44 to 50 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157236/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
), which may correspond to the unusually long stridulitrum (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3CAF7DC4A9FD8736E4ED30" box="[420,510,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 37" captionStartId="46.[264,370,1738,1759]" captionTargetBox="[351,1190,316,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[340,1247,291,1717]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 37. Male right metathoracic wing, ventral view, 28, P. brachyoccus, macropter, including Fig. 28 a, detail of overlapping stridulitra of wings at rest. Figs 29 – 37, brachypterous metathoracic wings. 29, P. rudebecki. 30, P. hirsutus. 31, P. pulchellus. 32, P. e r ic a e. 33, P. fynbosi. 34, P. peninsularis. 35, P. lamprus. 36, P. z u u r b e rg i. 37, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: Cu—Cubitus, h—hamus, IV—Intervannal veins, M— Medius, mnt—metanotum, mtws—metathoracic wing stridulitrum, Pcss—Postcubital sector stridulitrum, R— Radius, Sc—scutellum, st—stridulitrum, te—teeth. Figures 29 to 37 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157235/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
), and in proctiger (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3CAF7DC7E8FD873424ED30" box="[741,830,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 65" captionStartId="50.[264,370,1706,1727]" captionTargetBox="[362,1207,344,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[340,1247,324,1711]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 65. Genital capsule, dorsal view (d. v.), lateral view (l. v.). 51, P. hirsutus, d. v. 52, P. hirsutus, l. v. 53, P. pulchellus, d. v. 54, P. brachyoccus, d. v. 55, P. brachyoccus, l. v. 56, P. lamprus, d. v. 57, P. e r i c a e, d. v. 58, P. e r i c a e, l. v. 59, P. drakensbergensis, d. v. 60, P. fynbosi, d. v. 61, P. fynbosi, l. v. 61 a, P. rudebecki, d. v. 62, P. peninsularis, d. v. 63, P. peninsularis, l. v. 64, P. z u u r b e rg i, d. v. 65, P. zuurberg, l. v. Abbreviations: ap—accessory sperm pump, as—anal sclerites, cl—clasper in place, co—clasper opening, do—dorsal opening, epepiproct, p—parandria, pa—paraprocts, pr—posterior rim. Figures 62 to 65 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157237/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
), the fusion of the epiproct and the paraprocts into a nearly circular structure surrounding a flaplike anal sclerite is unique, as is the sharp posterior lip on the genital capsule rim (
<figureCitation id="136B2A09AF3CAF7DC62EFD773461ED80" box="[803,891,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 65" captionStartId="50.[264,370,1706,1727]" captionTargetBox="[362,1207,344,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[340,1247,324,1711]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 65. Genital capsule, dorsal view (d. v.), lateral view (l. v.). 51, P. hirsutus, d. v. 52, P. hirsutus, l. v. 53, P. pulchellus, d. v. 54, P. brachyoccus, d. v. 55, P. brachyoccus, l. v. 56, P. lamprus, d. v. 57, P. e r i c a e, d. v. 58, P. e r i c a e, l. v. 59, P. drakensbergensis, d. v. 60, P. fynbosi, d. v. 61, P. fynbosi, l. v. 61 a, P. rudebecki, d. v. 62, P. peninsularis, d. v. 63, P. peninsularis, l. v. 64, P. z u u r b e rg i, d. v. 65, P. zuurberg, l. v. Abbreviations: ap—accessory sperm pump, as—anal sclerites, cl—clasper in place, co—clasper opening, do—dorsal opening, epepiproct, p—parandria, pa—paraprocts, pr—posterior rim. Figures 62 to 65 on the next page." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157237/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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