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<document id="CD5206D8916778F963BE729DF2267995" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2013.775374" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5197518" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628881926223" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhao, Qi, Sun, Jing, Jiang, Jibao &amp; Qiu, Jiangping" docDate="2013" docId="03E2C4707272F658FE35D220FCF6755F" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.47.33-34.2175-2192.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 47 (33 - 34)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.775374" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Amynthas apapillatus Zhao and Qiu 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2191" masterDocId="FFDBBC08727FF649FF8DD441FFF57440" masterDocTitle="Four new species of genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) from Hainan Island, China" masterLastPageNumber="2192" masterPageNumber="2175" pageNumber="2187" updateTime="1699054229111" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="E60ADDDF5EC3ED8061A84B00A88760D9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3EE9CF64EFE652CCF8F2E0F1B2F0BADD">
<mods:title id="926259CA2F6D741F7F8E2EBAD0F00A54">Four new species of genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) from Hainan Island, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="18DBDE7AAB1DC6219653B2C24E2D2A08" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2FCF6D61A07AC9C78ED776603135B5A2">
<mods:roleTerm id="074601FA9EF9D2BD7D938109F6AEE5D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E46079F634B4CE3A69B93DDC816E3800">Zhao, Qi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D701CBB61BB1AF430F663C0BBD28853F">Ecology Lab, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China; &amp; Station Biologique de Paimpont, Université de Rennes I, Paimpont, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B7E8C9264713F5B6D4219CB7AEAFC1B0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E3BA09AF00E15DA7E0C8731C520A784F">
<mods:roleTerm id="6ECC6C48021F24EDCF5A563BB3C93C89">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7CBA00EF10777CE2FE4565562867B6A5">Sun, Jing</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FE0A0EFA35A8AEB966270AF1619CA484">Ecology Lab, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="556F5C11167330EBC228DC2766F22457" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4D75CDD447CD6C99F6540C862400E351">
<mods:roleTerm id="5698FE60C27B39F2E2A910C954135670">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3D1F6244BE622AEB3CB935151040F7ED">Jiang, Jibao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="65322CA6504493E29D0C1D9F2A0B9FE5">Ecology Lab, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="230334891D9CE1F4A8B262D4CA2C7342" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F413BC985BD3372522AABC72802A9013">
<mods:roleTerm id="35D324D0191A74A1BC0679240CBA92BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="753A3BEB7E85D3ADACFE5295B6264BC3">Qiu, Jiangping</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9A081C7B5441EE177C4F0808E33E8200">Ecology Lab, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FFD3400391FE9F3FDD9E8BEC0E7469AD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BFF34F57B5DB90074F2205D664C33B84">
<mods:title id="33029E1D5B687B953783F031DEB7481C">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="04FD1567753F9C6A7C0CCAFEAD81AC80">
<mods:date id="8DC54A3A3AD5BB87E55219341B3F0208">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="03C9D261A938D91C609BA10DAB811E73" type="series">
<mods:title id="DF6B6D893CC73C89D2C9C5EDB162F643">J. Nat. Hist.</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A1773766F4F08E837C93694188A3EE5E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="DFF9255BBF4C58B37DF4FB0ACAD01B6A">2013-07-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="DBF32078F8B89E5319FC14E83EA08988" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E9C0A2C12C3C61A9976EB4CD0D0E8B72">47</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A537DD0498E3D272FDD3EEBFFCE33C1F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="41CB10CA50DD917D79EBB73B12B4D266">33 - 34</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="4639F812F57AEE25E7AE3A34F8772256" unit="page">
<mods:start id="AA8ECAEC2CE5425BDB370CB4FD49AC29">2175</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9E8DB123EFBB9A77855769935304E50F">2192</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="D5C296A35A7886EEBF586C0605EE2B00">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.775374</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="8A77C2A04B3F75C3D90A3E396919FA9A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5369F30C3241577F837FD490FE74E765" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2013.775374</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="145F0891DA7B54DE29F4DF770CB40866" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="12DBFDA67A6538C27250DAD8D7F9EF2C" type="Zenodo-Dep">5197518</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E2C4707272F658FE35D220FCF6755F" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D75E5FD2-4348-4D1F-95EF-53F3B9AFB27B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E2C4707272F658FE35D220FCF6755F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="2191" pageId="13" pageNumber="2187">
<subSubSection id="C35126ED7272F644FE35D220FC5A723A" box="[440,943,1633,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="2187" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF475667272F644FE35D220FC5A723A" blockId="13.[440,943,1633,1690]" box="[440,943,1633,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="2187">
<heading id="D0BCC20A7272F644FE35D220FC5A723A" box="[440,943,1633,1658]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="2187" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE57272F644FE35D220FCBA723A" authority="Zhao and Qiu" authorityName="Zhao and Qiu" authorityYear="2013" box="[440,847,1633,1658]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="13" pageNumber="2187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="apapillatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FA9747272F644FE35D220FD52723A" bold="true" box="[440,679,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="2187">Amynthas apapillatus</emphasis>
Zhao and Qiu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C140F7272F644FCD7D222FC5A723A" box="[858,943,1635,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="2187" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35126ED7272F644FDF6D2C3FD1E72DA" box="[635,747,1666,1690]" pageId="13" pageNumber="2187" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF475667272F644FDF6D2C3FD1E72DA" blockId="13.[440,943,1633,1690]" box="[635,747,1666,1690]" pageId="13" pageNumber="2187">
(
<figureCitation id="137069E37272F644FD09D2C3FD1772DA" box="[644,738,1666,1690]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[143,210,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,169,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-5@14.[144,1104,169,1478]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. Amynthas apapillatus sp. nov.; (A) ventral body surface with spermathecal pores; (B) spermatheca; (C) ventral body surface with male pores; (D) intestinal caeca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5197528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5197528/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="2187">Figure 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3425EE7271F647FF02D1A7FC407259" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5197528" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5197528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5197528/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" startId="14.[143,210,1510,1532]" targetBox="[144,1104,169,1478]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BF475667271F647FF02D1A7FC407259" blockId="14.[143,1103,1510,1562]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE57271F647FF76D1A6FE2171BD" authority="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu, 2013" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2013" box="[251,468,1511,1533]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="apapillatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FA9747271F647FF76D1A6FE2171BD" box="[251,468,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188">Amynthas apapillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C140F7271F647FE52D1A6FDC471BC" box="[479,561,1511,1532]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; (A) ventral body surface with spermathecal pores; (B) spermatheca; (C) ventral body surface with male pores; (D) intestinal caeca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35126ED7271F646FF02D216FE99755F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="2189" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF475667271F647FF02D216FEDD722F" blockId="14.[143,1103,1623,1718]" box="[143,296,1623,1647]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188">
<heading id="D0BCC20A7271F647FF02D216FEDD722F" box="[143,296,1623,1647]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B93FA9747271F647FF02D216FEDD722F" box="[143,296,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF475667271F646FF02D23FFE99755F" blockId="14.[143,1103,1623,1718]" lastBlockId="15.[211,1172,167,287]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="2189" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188">
<materialsCitation id="3B237F3B7271F646FF02D23FFE99755F" collectionCode="V, VIII, VI, VII, XVIII" collectorName="J. P. Qiu &amp; Q. Zhao &amp; J. B. Jiang &amp; D. Cluzeau &amp; W. K. Zhang." county="Quling Mountain in Limushan Nature Reserve" elevation="739" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="2189" latitude="19.227777" location="Clitellate" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.737495" municipality="Setae" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" specimenCount="739" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F0CBC47271F647FF02D23FFF0B72D6" box="[143,254,1662,1686]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<location id="8E9423BD7271F647FE84D23FFE9B72D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E2C4707272F658FE35D220FCF6755F:8E9423BD7271F647FE84D23FFE9B72D6" box="[265,366,1662,1686]" county="Quling Mountain in Limushan Nature Reserve" latitude="19.227777" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.737495" municipality="Setae" name="Clitellate" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188">Clitellate</location>
specimen (C-HN201114-03Z):
<quantity id="4CB3D8837271F647FD5ED23FFCDB72D6" box="[723,814,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CB3D8837271F647FCFBD23FFC4272D6" box="[886,951,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
wide, 83 segments.
<collectingMunicipality id="6B90EF1C7271F647FF53D2DFFEEF72F6" box="[222,282,1694,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188">Setae</collectingMunicipality>
numbers: 36/III, 32/
<collectionCode id="ED5AEDA37271F647FD84D2DEFDE972F6" box="[521,540,1695,1718]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
, 44/
<collectionCode id="ED5AEDA37271F647FDC0D2DEFD7772F6" box="[589,642,1695,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188">VIII</collectionCode>
, 48/XX, 44/XXV; 12(
<collectionCode id="ED5AEDA37271F647FCF1D2DFFC6772F6" box="[892,914,1694,1718]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
), 16(
<collectionCode id="ED5AEDA37271F647FC45D2DFFC1D72F6" box="[968,1000,1694,1718]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188">VI</collectionCode>
), 16(
<collectionCode id="ED5AEDA37271F647FB93D2DFFBB272F6" box="[1054,1095,1694,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="2188">VII</collectionCode>
) between spermathecal pores, 12(
<collectionCode id="ED5AEDA37270F646FDB3D4E6FD7374FF" box="[574,646,167,191]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">XVIII</collectionCode>
) between male pores; collected in tropical rain forest of
<collectingCounty id="62950DEA7270F646FEB7D486FCA1749F" box="[314,852,199,223]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Quling Mountain in Limushan Nature Reserve</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F13A17270F646FCEDD486FC19749F" box="[864,1004,195,223]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" precision="15" seconds="40" value="19.227777">
19
<superScript id="7C3ED82E7270F646FCF6D482FC717494" attach="none" box="[891,900,195,212]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">◦</superScript>
13
<superScript id="7C3ED82E7270F646FC2DD482FC507494" attach="left" box="[928,933,195,212]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">′</superScript>
40
<superScript id="7C3ED82E7270F646FC4CD482FC3E7494" attach="left" box="[961,971,195,212]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">′′</superScript>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F13A17270F646FC74D486FB7B749F" box="[1017,1166,195,223]" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" precision="15" seconds="15" value="109.737495">
109
<superScript id="7C3ED82E7270F646FBACD482FBDF7494" attach="none" box="[1057,1066,195,212]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">◦</superScript>
44
<superScript id="7C3ED82E7270F646FBCBD482FBBE7494" attach="none" box="[1094,1099,195,212]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">′</superScript>
15
<superScript id="7C3ED82E7270F646FBEAD482FB847494" attach="left" box="[1127,1137,195,212]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">′′</superScript>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, at an altitude of
<specimenCount id="9D4DBEEF7270F646FE19D4A6FE1474BF" box="[404,481,231,255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CB3D8837270F646FE19D4A6FE2874BF" box="[404,477,231,255]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.39" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" unit="m" value="739.0">
<elevation id="006692557270F646FE19D4A6FE2874BF" box="[404,477,231,255]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.39" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" unit="m" value="739.0">739 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Collected by
<collectorName id="26BE10B07270F646FD0DD4A9FD1474BF" box="[640,737,231,255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">J. P. Qiu</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26BE10B07270F646FD63D4A6FCBA74BF" box="[750,847,231,255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Q. Zhao</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26BE10B07270F646FCD1D4A9FC2674BF" box="[860,979,231,255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">J. B. Jiang</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26BE10B07270F646FC6DD4A9FB9474BF" box="[992,1121,231,255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">D. Cluzeau</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26BE10B07270F646FF5ED549FE99755F" box="[211,364,263,287]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">W. K. Zhang.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35126ED7270F646FF5ED526FBBA75E6" box="[211,1103,359,422]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F646FF5ED526FEBE753F" blockId="15.[211,1103,359,422]" box="[211,331,359,383]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">
<heading id="D0BCC20A7270F646FF5ED526FEBE753F" box="[211,331,359,383]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B93FA9747270F646FF5ED526FEBE753F" box="[211,331,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F646FF5ED5CFFBBA75E6" blockId="15.[211,1103,359,422]" box="[211,1103,398,422]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">The species is named after the absence of genital papillae around the male pore.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35126ED7270F646FF5ED5AEFED776CE" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F646FF5ED5AEFECA7646" blockId="15.[211,1172,495,654]" box="[211,319,495,518]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">
<heading id="D0BCC20A7270F646FF5ED5AEFECA7646" box="[211,319,495,518]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B93FA9747270F646FF5ED5AEFECA7646" box="[211,319,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F646FF5ED657FED776CE" blockId="15.[211,1172,495,654]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Spermathecal pores three pairs, ventral, in 6/7–8/9, about 0.4 body circumference apart. No genital markings in this region. Male pores about 0.6 body circumference apart, ventrally placed, each on top of a round porophore. No genital papillae in this region.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35126ED7270F646FF5ED697FD9A7193" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F646FF5ED697FEA776AD" blockId="15.[211,1172,726,1491]" box="[211,338,726,749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">
<heading id="D0BCC20A7270F646FF5ED697FEA776AD" box="[211,338,726,749]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B93FA9747270F646FF5ED697FEA776AD" box="[211,338,726,749]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F646FF5ED6BCFEAF77B4" blockId="15.[211,1172,726,1491]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">
Preserved specimens brown dorsally and light brown ventrally. Dimensions
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by
<quantity id="4CB3D8837270F646FF73D75CFEBF7775" box="[254,330,797,821]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, 83 segments. Setae intensive, regularly distributed around segmental equators, their numbers: 36/III, 32/V, 44/VIII, 48/XX, 44/XXV; 12(V), 16(VI), 16(VII) between spermathecal pores, 12(XVIII) between male pores; setal formula AA = 1.2–1.3AB, ZZ = 1.2ZY. Female pore single in the ventral centre of XIV, ovoid, brown. First dorsal pore in 11/12. Prostomium epilobous. Clitellum in XIV– XVI, ring-shaped, light brown, markedly glandular; ventral setae invisible but dorsal pore visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F646FF73D7BDFC7F7034" blockId="15.[211,1172,726,1491]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Male pores paired in XVIII about 0.4 body circumference apart, ventrally placed, each on top of a round porophore. Genital papillae absent. Spermathecal pores three pairs in 6/7–8/9, ventral, each eye-shaped and obvious, distance between paired pores about 0.4 body circumference apart. Genital markings absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F646FF73D03DFC0B7153" blockId="15.[211,1172,726,1491]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Septa 8/9, 9/10 absent; 5/6–7/8 comparatively thick and muscular; 10/11–11/12 thin. Gizzard ball-shaped, in IX–X. Intestine starting enlarged in XVI. Intestinal caeca simple, originating in XXV, extending anterior to XXVII, dark brown, with three distinct teeth-shaped diverticula dorsally, smooth ventrally. Oesophageal hearts four pairs, in X–XIII, the last three pairs developed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F646FF73D15AFD9A7193" blockId="15.[211,1172,726,1491]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Spermathecae three pairs, in VII–IX; ampulla elongated ovoid, duct stout, about 0.5 of ampulla, distinctly separated; diverticulum about 0.67 of main pouch and coiled, ental 0.25 enlarged, serving as the seminal chamber, silvery white in appearance inside the chamber. Testis-sacs paired in X and XI. Seminal vesicles paired in XI and XII, well-developed, both separate ventrally. Prostate gland in XVII–XVIII, small, coarsely lobated, with a stout U-shaped duct.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35126ED7270F658FF5ED25AFCF6755F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="2191" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F646FF5ED25AFEC07273" blockId="15.[211,1172,1563,1690]" box="[211,309,1563,1587]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">
<heading id="D0BCC20A7270F646FF5ED25AFEC07273" box="[211,309,1563,1587]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B93FA9747270F646FF5ED25AFEC07273" box="[211,309,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF475667270F659FF5ED202FBBA75DF" blockId="15.[211,1172,1563,1690]" lastBlockId="16.[143,1104,167,415]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="2190" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE57270F646FF5ED202FE34721B" authority="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu, 2013" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2013" box="[211,449,1603,1627]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="apapillatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FA9747270F646FF5ED202FE34721B" box="[211,449,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Amynthas apapillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C140F7270F646FE4AD202FDEE721A" box="[455,539,1603,1626]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
keys to the
<emphasis id="B93FA9747270F646FD12D202FD07721B" box="[671,754,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">sieboldi</emphasis>
-group according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA08977270F646FC5AD203FEE9723A" author="Sims RW &amp; Easton EJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" pagination="169 - 268" refId="ref7250" refString="Sims RW, Easton EJ. 1972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biol J Linn Soc. 4: 169 - 268." type="journal article" year="1972">Sims and Easton (1972)</bibRefCitation>
. Compared to the
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE57270F646FE75D223FD4B723A" box="[504,702,1634,1658]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93FA9747270F646FE75D223FD92723A" box="[504,615,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">Amynthas</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
reported from
<collectingCountry id="F35C35F67270F646FCFDD223FC40723A" box="[880,949,1634,1658]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189">China</collectingCountry>
with three pairs of spermathecal pores in 6/7–8/9 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA08977270F646FDCDD2C3FD4E72DA" author="Chen Y" box="[576,699,1666,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" pagination="117 - 171" refId="ref6414" refString="Chen Y. 1931. On the terrestrial Oligochaeta from Szechuan. Contri Biol Lab Sci Soc China (Zool Ser). 7: 117 - 171." type="journal article" year="1931">Chen 1931</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA08977270F646FD46D2C3FCF572DA" author="Chen Y" box="[715,768,1666,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" pagination="269 - 306" refId="ref6475" refString="Chen Y. 1936. On the terrestrial Oligochaeta from Szechuan. II. Contri Biol Lab Sci Soc China (Zool Ser). 11: 269 - 306." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA08977270F646FC9DD2C3FCB072DA" author="Chen Y" box="[784,837,1666,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" pagination="83 - 141" refId="ref6534" refString="Chen Y. 1946. On the terrestrial Oligochaeta from Szechuan III. J W China Border Res Soc. 16: 83 - 141." type="journal article" year="1946">1946</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA08977270F646FCD8D2C3FC3472DA" author="Tsai CF" box="[853,961,1666,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref7305" refString="Tsai CF. 1964. On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg collected from Taipei area in north Taiwan. Q J Taiwan Mus. 17: 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1964">Tsai 1964</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA08977270F646FC5CD2C3FB7972DA" author="Chen Y &amp; Hsu ZF &amp; Yang T &amp; Fong HY" box="[977,1164,1666,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="2189" pagination="89 - 99" refId="ref6586" refString="Chen Y, Hsu ZF, Yang T, Fong HY. 1975. On some new earthworms from China. Acta Zool Sinica. 21: 89 - 99." type="journal article" year="1975">Chen et al. 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA0897726FF659FF02D4E6FE8A74FF" author="Zhong YH &amp; Ma D" box="[143,383,167,191]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" pagination="228 - 232" refId="ref7395" refString="Zhong YH, Ma D. 1979. An account of some new terrestrial Oligochaetes from Sichuan. ACTA Zootaxon Sinica. 4 (3): 228 - 232." type="journal article" year="1979">Zhong and Ma 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA0897726FF659FE1DD4E6FDA874FF" author="Zhong YH &amp; Xu XY &amp; Wang DZ" box="[400,605,167,191]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" pagination="356 - 360" refId="ref7426" refString="Zhong YH, Xu XY, Wang DZ. 1984. On a new species of the earthworm genus Pheretima and its reproductive organ polymorphism. Acta Zootaxon Sinica. 9 (4): 356 - 360." type="journal article" year="1984">Zhong et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA0897726FF659FDE3D4E6FD2274FF" author="Qiu JP" box="[622,727,167,191]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref7110" refString="Qiu JP. 1992. Notes on a new subspecies of genus Amynthas from Guizhou province (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae). Sichuan J Zool. 11 (1): 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1992">Qiu 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA0897726FF659FD65D4E6FC6074FF" author="Qiu JP &amp; Wang H &amp; Wang W" box="[744,917,167,191]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" pagination="3 - 6" refId="ref7145" refString="Qiu JP, Wang H, Wang W. 1993. Notes on a new species of the genus Amynthas from Guizhou (Haplotasida: Megascolecidae). Guizhou Sci. 11 (4): 3 - 6." type="journal article" year="1993">Qiu et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA0897726FF659FC2BD4E9FF31749F" author="Wang HJ &amp; Qiu JP" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" pagination="23 - 30" refId="ref7338" refString="Wang HJ, Qiu JP. 2005. A preliminary report on pheretimoid earthworms from the Xingdou Mountain Nature Reserve - with description of two new species and a new subspecies of the genera Amynthas and Metaphire. J Shanghai Jiao Tong U (Agr Sci). 23 (1): 23 - 30." type="journal article" year="2005">Wang and Qiu 2005</bibRefCitation>
; Tsai et al. 1999;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA0897726FF659FE18D486FDBB749F" author="Shen HP &amp; Tsai CF &amp; Tsai SC" box="[405,590,199,223]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" pagination="479 - 490" refId="ref7211" refString="Shen HP, Tsai CF, Tsai SC. 2003. Six new earthworms of the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Central Taiwan. Zool Stud. 42 (4): 479 - 490." type="journal article" year="2003">Shen et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA0897726FF659FDD3D486FCDF749F" author="Chang CH &amp; Shen HP &amp; Chen JH" box="[606,810,199,223]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" refId="ref6391" refString="Chang CH, Shen HP, Chen JH. 2009. Earthworm fauna of Taiwan. Taiwan: National Taiwan University Press." type="book" year="2009">Chang et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE5726FF659FCC9D489FBC174A0" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2013" box="[836,1076,200,224]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="apapillatus">
<emphasis id="B93FA974726FF659FCC9D489FBC174A0" box="[836,1076,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190">Amynthas apapillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE5726FF659FECCD4A6FCC674BF" authority="(Chen, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[321,819,231,255]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="pingi" subSpecies="chungkingensis">
<emphasis id="B93FA974726FF659FECCD4A6FD6D74BF" box="[321,664,231,255]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190">Amynthas pingi chungkingensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA0897726FF659FD2AD4A6FCD974BF" author="Chen Y" box="[679,812,231,255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" pagination="269 - 306" refId="ref6475" refString="Chen Y. 1936. On the terrestrial Oligochaeta from Szechuan. II. Contri Biol Lab Sci Soc China (Zool Ser). 11: 269 - 306." type="journal article" year="1936">Chen, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. They share some similar characters: three spermathecal pores, heart-shaped ampulla, short diverticulum and ovoid seminal chamber. But there are neither genital papillae nor genital markings, nor accessory gland in
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE5726FF659FEEFD506FDA5751F" authority="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu, 2013" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2013" box="[354,592,327,351]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="apapillatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FA974726FF659FEEFD506FDA5751F" box="[354,592,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190">Amynthas apapillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C140F726FF659FDDBD509FD5F751F" box="[598,682,328,351]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The prostate of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE5726FF659FCEFD506FBBA751F" authority="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu, 2013" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2013" box="[866,1103,327,351]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="apapillatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FA974726FF659FCEFD506FBBA751F" box="[866,1103,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190">Amynthas apapillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C140F726FF659FF02D529FF13753F" box="[143,230,360,383]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is small while that of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE5726FF659FE66D526FCBD753F" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[491,840,359,383]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="pingi" subSpecies="chungkingensis">
<emphasis id="B93FA974726FF659FE66D526FCBD753F" box="[491,840,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190">Amynthas pingi chungkingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well-developed. The distance between COI sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE5726FF659FDA5D5C6FCED75DF" authority="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu, 2013" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2013" box="[552,792,391,415]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="apapillatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FA974726FF659FDA5D5C6FCED75DF" box="[552,792,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190">Amynthas apapillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C140F726FF659FCADD5C6FC8375DE" box="[800,886,391,414]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and the other four
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF47566726FF659FE80D269FEC3727C" blockId="16.[269,570,1552,1596]" box="[269,310,1576,1596]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190">0.02</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3425EE726FF659FF02D21FFDB272D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5197530" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5197530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5197530/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" startId="16.[143,210,1630,1652]" targetBox="[145,1102,477,1573]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BF47566726FF659FF02D21FFDB272D1" blockId="16.[143,1104,1630,1681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190">
Figure 5. Neighbour joining (NJ) tree of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE5726FF659FDDDD21FFCF27234" box="[592,775,1630,1652]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93FA974726FF659FDDDD21FFD417234" box="[592,692,1630,1652]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="2190">Amynthas</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
; (A) based on COI sequences; (B) based on combined COI and 16S genes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF47566726EF658FF5ED4E9FCF6755F" blockId="17.[211,1172,167,287]" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE5726EF658FF5ED4E9FE6274FF" box="[211,407,167,192]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B93FA974726EF658FF5ED4E9FEB77480" box="[211,322,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">Amynthas</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B237F3B726EF658FEC7D4E6FE6274FF" accessionNumber="JQ951519 and JQ951518" box="[330,407,167,191]" collectorName="Furthermore &amp; Sequences &amp; GenBank &amp; Accession No." pageId="17" pageNumber="2191" specimenCount="1">species</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is always&gt;19%.
<collectorName id="26BE10B0726EF658FDD2D4E6FD0674FF" box="[607,755,167,191]" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">Furthermore</collectorName>
, the distances of combined COI and 16S sequences among these species are also&gt;15% (
<figureCitation id="137069E3726EF658FCB4D486FC69749F" box="[825,924,199,223]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[143,210,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[145,1102,477,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-118@16.[145,858,483,1570]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Neighbour joining (NJ) tree of Amynthas species; (A) based on COI sequences; (B) based on combined COI and 16S genes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5197530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5197530/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">Figure 5</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6C940DD726EF658FC22D486FBF1749F" box="[943,1028,199,223]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[213,268,682,704]" captionText="Table 2. K2P distances of COI sequences (bottom left) and combined COI and 16S sequences (top right) among Amynthas species in China mainland, Taiwan Island and Hainan Island." pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
<collectorName id="26BE10B0726EF658FBADD486FB66749F" box="[1056,1171,199,223]" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">Sequences</collectorName>
of COI and 16S genes of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B0EE5726EF658FD8BD4A6FD0D74BF" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Sun &amp; Jiang &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2013" box="[518,760,231,255]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="apapillatus">
<emphasis id="B93FA974726EF658FD8BD4A6FD0D74BF" box="[518,760,231,255]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">Amynthas apapillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were deposited in
<collectorName id="26BE10B0726EF658FC57D4A6FBB374BF" box="[986,1094,231,255]" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">GenBank</collectorName>
under
<collectorName id="26BE10B0726EF658FF5ED546FE80755F" box="[211,373,263,287]" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">Accession No.</collectorName>
<accessionNumber id="9418E885726EF658FEF6D546FE1E755F" box="[379,491,263,287]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ951519" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">JQ951519</accessionNumber>
and
<accessionNumber id="9418E885726EF658FDAED546FD66755F" box="[547,659,263,287]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ951518" pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">JQ951518</accessionNumber>
(
<tableCitation id="C6C940DD726EF658FD2FD546FD06755F" box="[674,755,263,287]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[213,268,169,191]" captionText="Table 1. NCBI registration and accession numbers of sequence fragments of earthworm species generated or compared in this study." pageId="17" pageNumber="2191">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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